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Exercise EYE lab 3

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9 views

Exercise EYE lab 3

pharma

Uploaded by

1stfalluja
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lab.

Pharmacology
University of Fallujah
College of medicine

Lecture : 3
rd
Stage: 3 stage
Lecturer: Dr.Anmar sh. mahmood
Department: Pharmacology
Date: 25-9-2024

Dr.Anmar sh mahmood
STUDY OF THE ACTION OF DRUGS ON THE RABBIT’S EYE
The main compartments of the human eye (as shown in figure 1) are cornea , iris, lens,
ciliary body and vitreous humour.

Figure 1: The composition of the human eye


Iris: That involves: Circular muscle (Muscarinic receptors) and Radial muscle
(Alpha-receptors).
Miosis: is due to either contraction of circular muscle or relaxation of radial muscle.
Mydriasis: is due to either contraction of radial muscle or relaxation of circular
muscle.
In Alpha-agonist → Contraction of radial muscle of Iris (Mydriasis).
In Fear (Sympathetic discharge).
In Death (Lack of muscular tone due to lack of Ach.). Except opiod intoxication (M-
agonist → Pin point Miosis)
In Alpha-Blocker → Relaxation of radial muscles of Iris (Miosis)
Lens: Attached to the ciliary body by ligaments (figure 2).

Dr.Anmar sh mahmood
Figure 2: Sagittal section in the eye showing the lens and ciliary body

Ciliary body: that involves


- Ciliary epithelium (B2 receptors): responsible for secretion of aqueous humor.
- Ciliary muscle (M receptors): responsible for near or far vision.

Figure 3: The contraction and relaxation of the lens

Ciliary Muscle (Muscarinic receptors)


As shown in figure 3.
M-agonist → Ciliary M. Contraction → Lens contraction → near vision
Anti-Muscarinic → Ciliary M. Relaxation → Lens relaxation → far vision

Ciliary Epithelium (B2-Receptors)


Responsible for secretion of aqueous humor. Contraction of ciliary muscle presses
trabecular meshwork → enhancing the flow of aqueous humor through canal of
Schlemm.
Ciliary muscle contraction → Increases flow → Decreases IOP.
Ciliary muscle Relaxation → Decreases flow → Increases IOP (Glaucoma).

Methods:

Dr.Anmar sh mahmood
Place few drops of the agents in the following table into the eyes of rabbits and check
for the parameters mentioned in the same table, and the results are as follows:
Parameter Pupil Size Light Accommodation Conjunctival Corneal IOP
Agent Reflex Blood vessels sensation
Adrenaline ↔ +ve ↔ Pale +ve ↔

Phenylphrine Mydriasis +ve ↔ Pale +ve Inc.


Pilocarpine Miosis +ve Near Vision Congestion +ve Dec.

Atropine Mydriasis -ve Far Vision Pale (Congested in High +ve Inc.
Dose)
Xylocaine ↔ +ve ↔ ↔ -ve ↔

Procaine ↔ +ve ↔ ↔ +ve ↔


Block Na+&K+
(+ve) indicates the presence of the reflex (-ve) indicates the absence of the reflex (↔)
indicates that there is no change.
Note: Adrenaline acts on alpha-receptors causing vasoconstriction of the epithelium
of conjunctiva, but it does not cause mydriasis as it cannot be absorbed by the iris.
This is also true for procaine (local anesthetic) as the cornea does not absorb it, so it
cannot cause loss of corneal reflex.

OBJECTIVES
At the end of the practical class the student shall be able to:
1. Instill drugs carefully into the rabbit's eye by the pouch method without injuring
the cornea.
2. Study the effects of drugs on the rabbit's eye.
3. Record, analyze and interpret the observations obtained during the experiment.

Animals: Rabbits
Apparatus: Droppers, measuring pupil scale, torch, cotton wool, calculator
(optional)
Drugs[Atropine, adrenaline, Pilocarpine, Xylocaine, procaine, Phenylphrine] &
solutions:
1. Saline
2. Eserine salicylate = 0.5%
3. homatropine hydrobromide
4. Atropine sulphate = 1.0%
5. physostigmine
6. Lignocaine = 1.0% or 2%
7. Phenylephrine = 0.12%
8. Pilocarpine = 1%

Procedure
Place the rabbit (No.1) on the table. Measure the diameter of both the pupils with the
help of a scale. Observe the condition of the conjunctiva (congested or not) and elicit
the corneal and light reflexes. Record your findings. In the left eye put one drop of
saline and in the right eye one drop of eserine. Use the pouch method for instilling the
drops. After adding the 2 drops, the medial canthus should be pressed for 30 seconds.
Record the following parameters at one minute, 5minutes and ten minutes after
instilling the drug and saline.

Dr.Anmar sh mahmood
Parameters to be measured:
1. Diameter size of the pupil [by pupilometer]
2. Light reflex [by shining a bright light into the eye]
3. Corneal reflex [by using wisp of cotton wool]
4. Conjunctiva vessels [vasoconstriction looked pale or vasodilatation looked red
(hyperemia)]
5. Accommodation [visual distances]
Add 2 drops of the drug to be tested into the conjunctivae Sac. Wait for 5 minutes.
Examine the eye. If there is no response, add another 2 drops of the same drug in the
same eye. Wait again for 5 minutes and examine the eyes for any change in the above
parameters. Record your observations in a tabular form. Repeat the same procedure
for atropine, and lignocaine on separate rabbits (No 2, & 3).
Presentation of data and analyses:
Pool the data from other groups (for atropine at 10 minutes only) and formulate
appropriate table(s) to display the data. Analyze the pooled data using appropriate
statistical test(s) and draw conclusions. Make sure that table(s) is/are complete in all
respects.

Size of Pupil Light Reflex Corneal Reflex COMMENTS


DRUGS Before Drug After Drug Before Drug After Drug Before Drug After Drug
Phenylephrine
Pilocarpine
Atropine
Lignocaine

Dr.Anmar sh mahmood

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