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10 views

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Uploaded by

janeishabhandari
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River Measurements

How to measure the discharge of a river


Precautions
1. No obstruction to flow of water.
2. No rapids or waterfall nearby.
3. No buildings nearby.
4. Don’t obstruct the flow while taking readings.
5. Wear proper gear before entering water.

Method 1 : Flowmeter Method


Equipment:
- A tape measure
- A meter scale
- A flow meter
- Stakes
- Recording sheet
- String
Process:
- 1. width of the river: use string to measure
- Use a stake in the ground or tie the string to a root on both sides of the river
- Stretch the tape across river making sure its tight across the river for accurate
measurements
- Measure from the water edge from one side to the other.
2. Depth of the river:
- document the width measured on the tape.
- divide the measuring tape into 4 to 10 parts.
- Use the meter scale to measure the depth at these [10] intervals
- *Precaution - keep the 0 side of the meter scale under the water, do not push the meter
scale against the river bed just place it on the bed
- Take the flow meter, put it one third of the way down in the river and hold for at least 10
seconds to a minute.
- The flow meter can be used at 1/4 half and 3 fourths of the width of the river
- * Precautions - do not stand in the way of the flow, do not put the flowmeter on the bed
Calculations:
1. Average depth = All the [10] depths / [10]
2. Cross Sectional Area (CSA) = Width * average depth ( m^2)
3. Average velocity = total velocity / [3]
4. Discharge = CSA * Average Velocity
- Answer should be in meters cubed per second
Method 2: The float Method
Equipment:
- Strings
- Measuring tape
- Meter Scale
- Stakes
- Twisties or other indicators
- Stopwatch
- Fish Net
- Any buoyant object
Process:
1. Choose point A upstream and tie a string across the river follow point 1 of previous
method.
- Point B must be downstream and at least 5 meters apart (estimate) on same side of the
riverbank. Do the same as point A.
- Divide the strings on both points into 4 equal parts, and mark those with the indicator
- Measure depth with the meter scale at all 8 points on both strings follow steps same as
point 2 in above method.
- Calculate average depth.
- Float an orange from point A and let another member catch it at point B.
- Record the time it takes to travel the distance with help of a stopwatch.
- Do this at least 3 times.
- Calculate average speed (distance/time)
- Using above calculations (method 1) calculate the discharge.

REASONS FOR STUDY


1. Check water quality.
2. Habitation.

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