SAHODAYA PREBOARD EXAMINATION 2022-23

CLASS – XII
Maximum Marks – 70 Time Allowed – 3 Hours.

General Instructions

(1) There are 35 questions in all. All questions are compulsory

(2) This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and
Section E. All the sections are compulsory.

(3) Section A contains eighteen MCQ of 1 mark each, Section B contains seven questions
of two marks each, Section C contains five questions of three marks each, section D
contains three long questions of five marks each and Section E contains two case
study-based questions of 4 marks each.

(4) There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in section
B, C, and D. You have to attempt only one of the choices in such questions.

(5) Use of calculators is not allowed.

Sub.: PHYSICS [042]

SECTION - A (MCQ- ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT)
(Each question of this section carries 1 mark)
Directions (Q1-Q18): Write the correct option in the answer book.

1. Three positive charges of equal value q are placed at the vertices of an equilateral
triangle. The resulting lines of force should be sketched as in

(a) (b) (c) (d)

2. A, B and C are three points in a uniform electric field. The electric potential is:

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 (a) maximum at A (b) maximum at B
(c) maximum at C (d) same at all the three points A, B and C
3. A capacitor is charged by a battery. The battery is removed and another identical
uncharged capacitor is connected in parallel. The total electrostatic energy of resulting
system:
(a) increases by a factor of 4 (b) decreases by a factor of 2
(c) remains the same (d) increases by a factor of 2
4. A metal wire is subjected to a constant potential difference. When the temperature of
the metal wire increases, which of the following statements is TRUE?
(a) drift velocity increases, thermal velocity of electron decreases
(b) drift velocity increases, thermal velocity of electron increases
(c) drift velocity decreases, thermal velocity of electron decreases
(d) drift velocity decreases, thermal velocity of electron increases
5. Two mutually perpendicular conductors carry currents I1 and I2 along x-axis and y-
axis respectively. The locus of points at which the magnetic induction is zero is:
I22 I1
(a) y x (b) x y
I1 I2
I1 I1
(c) y x (d) x 2  y2 
I2 I2
6. Electron of mass m and charge q is travelling with a speed v along a circular path of
radius r at right angles to a uniform magnetic field of intensity B. If the speed of the
electron is doubled and the magnetic field is halved, the resulting path would have a
radius:
r r
(a) 2r (b) 4r (c) (d)
4 2
7. A magnetic needle having length 2L, magnetic moment M and pole strength m units,
is broken into two pieces at the middle. The magnetic moment and pole strength of
each piece will be respectively
M m m M
(a) and (b) M and (c) and m (d) M and m
2 2 2 2
8. In a circuit with a coil of resistance 2, the magnetic flux changes from 2.0 Wb to
10.0 Wb in 0.2 s. the charge that flows in the coil during the time is:
(a) 5.0 C (b) 4.0 C (c) 1.0 C (d) 0.8 C

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9. When the current changes from +2A to -2A in 0.05s, an emf of 8V is induced in a
coil. The coefficient of self-induction of the coil is
(a) 0.1H (b) 0.2H (c) 0.4H (d) 0.8H
10. In an LCR circuit, capacitance is changed from C to 2C. For resonant frequency to
remain unchanged, the inductance should be changed from L to:
(a) 4L (b) 2L (c) L/2 (d) L
11. Electromagnetic waves transport:
(a) charge and momentum (b) frequency and wavelength
(c) energy and momentum (d) wavelength and energy
12. The coherent light sources having intensity in the ratio 2x : 1 produce an interference
Imax  Imin
pattern. The ratio will be:
I max  I min

2x 2x 2 2x 2 2x
(a) (b) (c) (d)
x 1 2x  1 x 1 2x  1
13. An α particle and a carbon 12 atom has same kinetic energy K. The ratio of their de-
Broglie wavelength (λα: λC ) is
(a) 1: √3 (b) √3: 1 (c) 3: 1 (d) 2: √3
14. According to Bohr atom model, in which of the following transitions will the
frequency be maximum?
(a) n = 4 to n = 3 (b) n = 2 to n = 1
(c) n = 5 to n = 4 (d) n = 3 to n = 2
15. Mass numbers of two nuclei are in the ratio of 4: 3. Their nuclear densities will be in
the ratio of
1 1
 3 3  4 3
(a) 4: 3 (b)   (c) 1: 1 (d)  
 4  3
For questions (16-18) two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other
labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b),
(c) and (d) as given below.
16. Assertion : It is not possible to have interference between the waves produced
by two independent source of light.
Reason : For interference of two waves the phase difference between the
waves must remain constant.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false and R is false
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17. Assertion : In photoelectric effect, on increasing the intensity of light, both the
number of electrons emitted and kinetic energy of each of them get
increased but photoelectric current remains unchanged.
Reason : The photoelectric current depends only on the wavelength of light.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false and R is false
18. Assertion : The energy gap between the valence band and conduction band is
greater in silicon than in germanium.
Reason : Thermal energy produces fewer charge carriers in silicon than in
germanium.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false and R is false
SECTION - B (SHORT ANSWER TYPE I)
(Each question of this section carries 2 marks)
19. Why are electric field lines perpendicular to equipotential surfaces? Draw the
equipotential surfaces for a uniformly charged thin metallic sheet having surface
charge density σ.
20. Out of the two magnetic materials, ‘A’ has relative permeability slightly greater than
unity while ‘B’ has less than unity. Identify the nature of the materials ‘A’ and ‘B’.
Will their susceptibilities be positive and negative?
21. (i) Identify the part of the electromagnetic spectrum which is
(a) detected by stimulating nerve endings of a retina of healthy human
being.
(b) used to detect fake currency

(ii) Is the ratio of frequencies of ultra-violet rays and infra-red rays in glass more
than, less than or equal to 1?

22. One face of a prism of refracting angle 30° and refractive index 1.414 is silvered. At
what angle must a ray of light fall on the unsilvered face so that after refraction into
the prism and reflection of the silvered surface it retraces its path?
23. Define a wavefront. What kind of wavefronts come out of a point source? How do we
convert these wavefronts to plane wavefronts?
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24. A heavy nucleus X of mass number 240 and binding energy per nucleon 7.6 MeV is
split into two fragments Y and Z of mass numbers 110 and 130. The binding energy
per nucleon of Y and Z is 8.5 MeV per nucleon. Calculate the energy Q released per
fission in MeV.
OR
When a given photosensitive material is irradiated with light of frequency , the
maximum speed of the emitted photoelectrons equals vmax. The square of vmax, i.e.,
v 2max , is observed to vary with , as per the graph shown in figure. Obtain expression
for Planck’s constant.

25. With the help of a circuit diagram, explain how two p-n junction diodes along with a
centre tapped transformer can be used as a full wave rectifier.
SECTION - C (SHORT ANSWER TYPE II)
(Each question of this section carries 3 marks)
26. (i) Describe with suitable theory and diagram, how a moving coil galvanometer
can be converted into an ammeter of suitable range.

(ii) To increase the current sensitivity of a moving coil galvanometer by 50 %, its

resistance is increased so that the new resistance becomes twice its initial
resistance. By what factor does its voltage sensitivity change?

27. The following figure shows two long coaxial solenoids, each of length ‘L’. The outer
solenoid has an area of cross section A1 and number of turns/length n1. The
corresponding values for the inner solenoid are A2 and n2.
(i) Derive the expression for their mutual inductance M.
(ii) How the mutual inductance can be increased?

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28. With the help of a diagram, explain the principle of a device which changes a low
voltage into a high voltage but does not violate the law of conservation of energy.
Give two types of possible causes for which the device is not 100% efficient.
OR
A voltage V = V0sinωt is applied to a series LCR circuit. Derive the expression for the
average power dissipated over a cycle. Under what condition is maximum power
dissipated in the circuit?
29. On the basis of photon theory, obtain Einstein's photo-electric equation. Use this
equation to show that there must exist a threshold frequency for each photo-sensitive
surface.
Radiations of frequencies 1 and 2 are made to fall in turn, on a photo-sensitive
surface. The stopping potentials required for stopping the most energetic emitted
photo-electrons in the two cases are V₁ and V₂ respectively. Obtain a formula for
determining Planck's constant and the threshold frequency in terms of these
parameters.
30. (i) Define the distance of closest approach.
(ii) An α-particle of kinetic energy ‘K’ is bombarded on a thin gold foil. The
distance of the closest approach is ‘r’. What will be the distance of closest
approach for an α-particle of double the kinetic energy?
(iii) In the Geiger-Marsden experiment, draw a plot showing the variation of
number of α- particles scattered (N) with the scattering angle θ
SECTION - D (LONG ANSWER TYPE)
(Each question of this section carries 5 marks)
31. State Gauss’s law for electrostatics. Use it to derive an expression for the electric field
due to a uniformly charged thin spherical shell of radius ‘a’ at a point (i) outside the
shell (ii) on the surface and (iii) inside the shell. Also draw a graph showing the
variation of electric field with distance as measured from the centre of the shell.
OR
(a) Define an ideal electric dipole. Give anexample.
(b) Derive an expression for the torque experienced by an electric dipole in a
uniform electric field. What is net force acting on this dipole?
(c) An electric dipole of length 2 cm is placed with its axis making an angle of
60° with respect to uniform electric field of 105 N/C. If it experiences a torque

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 of 8 3 Nm, calculate the magnitude of charge on the dipole, and also find its
potential energy.
32. (i) State Kirchhoff’s laws.
(ii) Use Kirchhoff’s rules to determine the potential difference between the points
A and D when no current flows in the arm BE of the electric network shown in
the figure.

(iii) Derive the equation of the balanced state in a Wheatstone bridge using
Kirchhoff’s laws.
OR
(i) Two cells of emf E1 and E2 and internal resistances r1 and r2 are connected in
parallel. Derive the expression for the equivalent emf and equivalent internal
resistance of the combination.

(ii) Potential differences across terminals of a cell were measured (in volt) against
different currents (in ampere) flowing through the cell. A graph was drawn
which was a straight line ABC, as shown in figure. Determine from the graph:

(a) emf of the cell

(b) maximum current drawn from the cell
(c) internal resistance of the cell.

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33. (i) Draw a neat labelled ray diagram showing image formation at near point
setting for a compound microscope. Also derive an expression for its
magnifying power in this setting.

(ii) The total magnification produced by a compound microscope is 20, while that
produced by the eyepiece alone is 5. When the microscope is focussed on a
certain object, the distance between the objective and eyepiece is 14 cm. Find
the focal length of objective and eyepiece, if the distance of distinct vision is
20 cm.

OR

(i) Using Huygen’s principle, derive the laws of refraction when light travels
from denser to rarer medium.

(ii) A parallel beam of light of wavelength 500 nm falls on a narrow slit and the
resulting diffraction pattern is observed on a screen 1 m away. It is observed
that the first minimum is at a distance of 2.5 mm from the centre of the screen.
Find the width of the slit and distance of first secondary maximum from the
centre of the screen.
SECTION – E (CASE-BASED QUESTIONS)
(Each question of this section carries 4 marks where each sub question carries 1 mark
each.)
34. CASE STUDY – TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION
Read the following paragraph and answer the questions
Total internal reflection is the phenomenon of reflection of light into denser medium at
the interface of denser medium with a rarer medium. For this phenomenon to occur
necessary condition is that light must travel from denser to rarer and angle of incidence
in denser medium must be greater than critical angle (C) for the pair of media in contact.
Critical angle depends on nature of medium and wavelength of light. We can show that
1
 . Total Internal reflection has many real-life applications like in working of
sin C
Optical Fibres, in explaining the formation of mirage and especially in explaining the
sparkling brilliance of diamonds. The total internal reflection of the light is used in
polishing diamonds to create a sparking brilliance. By polishing the diamond with
specific cuts, it is adjusted the most of the light rays approaching the surface are incident
with an angle of incidence more than critical angle. Hence, they suffer multiple

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 reflections and ultimately come out of diamond from the top. This gives the diamond a
sparking brilliance. The absolute refractive index of diamond is 2.42 and its critical angle
in air is 24.20.

(i) Why light cannot escape without multiple total internal reflections once it enters
diamond?
(ii) How does the critical angle of diamond-air interface compare with diamond-water
interface?
(iii) Total internal reflection is not a phenomenon of reflection of light. Justify.
(iv) If the critical angle for air water interface for violet colour is 490, then its value for
red colour will be more or less than 490 ? Explain your answer.
OR
(iv) Calculate the speed of light in a medium, whose critical angle is 30°.
35. CASE STUDY: BIASING OF A DIODE
Read the following paragraph and answer the questions
When the diode is forward biased, it is found that beyond forward voltage V = Vk, called
the knee voltage, the conductivity is very high. At this value of battery biasing for p-n
junction, the potential barrier is overcome and the current increases rapidly with increase
in forward voltage. When the diode is reverse biased, the reverse bias voltage produces a
very small current about a few microamperes which almost remains constant with bias.
The small current is reverse saturation current.
(i) In which condition is a p-n junction forward biased?
(ii) In the case of reverse biasing a p-n junction diode, which process is
responsible for the flow of current?
(iii) The V~I characteristic of a diode is shown in the adjacent figure. Calculate the
ratio of forward to reverse bias resistance.

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(iv) Can we use a voltmeter to determine the barrier potential of an unbiased p-n
junction? Explain your answer.
OR
(iv) What happens to the width of depletion layer in case of forward bias and
reverse bias?

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