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Valency Table-converted 787

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13 views

Valency Table-converted 787

Uploaded by

shauryaseksaria13
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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USEFUL VALENCIES, IONS AND FORMULAE FOR GCSE

METALS
ION = +1 ION = +2 ION = +3
VALENCY OF 1 VALENCY OF 2 VALENCY OF 3
Li lithium Mg magnesium Al Aluminium
Na sodium Ca Calcium Fe iron (III)
K potassium Ba Barium
Cu copper (I) Fe iron (II) ZnO22- Zincate
Ag silver Ni Nickel AlO2- Aluminate
Cu copper (II)
H hydrogen * Zn Zinc
NH4 ammonium * Pb lead (II)

* these ions are not actually of metals but behave as such by forming positive ions

NON - METALS
ION = -1 ION = -2 ION = -3
VALENCY OF 1 VALENCY OF 2 VALENCY OF 3
F fluoride O Oxide N Nitride
Cl chloride S sulphide PO4 Phosphate
Br bromide SO4 sulphate
I iodide CO3 carbonate
OH hydroxide VALENCY OF 4
NO3 nitrate C Carbon
HCO3 hydrogencarbonate Si Silicon
HSO4 hydrogensulphate These do not form ions

OTHER FORMULAE
The formulae of ionic compounds (compounds formed between metals and non-metals) is given by
balancing the relative numbers of positive and negative ions needed to achieve a neutral compound.
The formulae of acids and of more covalent molecules is not easy to predict using valencies. The
following should be learnt as a matter of course.

Common Gases Common Acids Other


H2 Hydrogen HCl Hydrochloric H2O Water (l)
O2 Oxygen HNO3 Nitric NH3 Ammonia (g)
N2 Nitrogen H2SO4 Sulphuric F2 Fluorine (g)
Cl2 Chlorine H3PO4 Phosphoric Br2 Bromine (l)
CO2 Carbon dioxide HCOOH Methanoic (weak) I2 Iodine (s)
SO2 Sulphur dioxide CH3COOH Ethanoic (weak) CO Carbon monoxide (g)
CH4 Methane H2CO3 Carbonic (weak) C2H4 Ethene (g)

REACTIVITY SERIES OF SOME METALS

K > Na > Li > Ca > Mg > Al > [C] > Zn > Fe > Pb > [H] > Cu > Ag > Au
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