ICON ENGLISH SCHOOL

(Senior Secondary)

REPORT ON INVESTIGATORY PROJECT

SUB: PHYSICS
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the completion of
AISSC Examination 2025.

TOPIC: ____________________________________________________

Submitted By:

Name:

Class:

Roll no:

Under the Supervision of:

ANIRUDDHA SINHA
PGT (Dept. of Physics)
Icon English School
 Session: 2024-2025

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that_______________________________________________________, a

student of Class XII (Science), has completed the investigatory project,

entitled "_____________________________________________________________________________",

under the guidance of Aniruddha Sinha, during the academic session

2024-2025 in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the completion of
AISSC Examination 2025.

The investigatory project is result of effort and endeavours. The

report is found worthy of acceptance as the final practical record.

Teacher In-Charge Principal

External Examiner Internal Examiner

School Seal
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The Completion of this project would not have been possible without the
mention of those people whose constant effort and guidance has played a
major role in developing and shaping this project.

At first, I would like to thank Our Respected Principal Roselle Barua for
giving this opportunity to enter and discover a whole new world of Physics.

I would like to thank our subject teacher Aniruddha Sinha Sir for
guiding throughout the course of the project. He always keen interest in my
work. His constructive advice and constant motivation have been responsible
for completion of this project.

I can't forget to offer my sincere thanks to my parents as well as my

classmates who helped me throughout this project work successfully and for
the valuable advice and support which I receive from time to time.

Last but not the least, I would like to thank all those who have
directly or indirectly helped me for the successful completion of this project.
 ICON ENGLISH SCHOOL (Senior Secondary)

DECLARATION

I, __________________________________ , a student of Class XII

(Science) of this institution do hereby declare that the project
entitled "_______________________________________________________________"
contains no materials previously published or written by
another person, except where due reference has been made in
the text and is accurate record of my work.

Signature of Candidate
 Project Overview

 Aim
 Apparatus Required
 Theory
 Procedure
 Observations
 Conclusions
 Precautions
 Bibliography
Aim
To find out the refractive indices of different liquids using a
hollow prism

Apparatus Required
 Hollow glass prism
 Various liquids like water, carbon disulphide, benzaldehyde
etc.
 Bell pins
 Drawing board
Theory
A prism is a
transparent
optical element
with flat,
polished surfaces
that refract light.
Prisms can be
made from any
material that is transparent including glass, plastic and fluorite. A
prism can be used to break light up into its constituent spectral
colors. Prisms can also be used to reflect light, or to split light
into components with different polarizations.

The refractive index of the liquid

Is given by the formula:
U=sini/sinr=sin ((a+d)/2)/sin (a/2)
Where,
U=refractive index of the liquid.
a= the angle of minimum deviation
d=angle of prism
i=angle of incidence
r=angle of refraction
 Procedure

 Fix a white sheet of paper on the drawing board with help of

drawing pins.

 Keep the prism and mark the outline of it as ABC.

 Drop a normal PQ on the side AB.

 Draw the angle of incidence in accordance with the normal

PQ and place 2 pins so that they appear to be in the straight
line.

 Place the prism filled with given sample of liquid, on the

marked outline ABC.

 Now take the pins and place them on the side AC so that all
the 4 pins appear to be in same line.

 Remove the prism and draw the line joining the points so
obtained.

 Mark the diagram as shown in the figure.

 Repeat this with different liquids and different angle of

incidence.

Observation
 Benzaldehyde
S.no a º(angle of prism) i º (angle of incidence) d º (angle of deviation)
1 60 30 45
2 60 35 42
3 60 37.5 40
4 60 39 42
5 60 40 45

U=sin ((60+40)/2)/sin (30)

= 1.504

 Water
S.no a º(angle of prism) i º (angle of incidence) d º (angle of deviation)

1 60 30 25
2 60 35 22
3 60 40 20
4 60 45 22
5 60 50 25
6 60 55 28

U=sin ((60+22)/2)/sin (30)

= 1.306

 Dil. Sulphuric Acid

S.no a º(angle of prism) i º (angle of incidence) d º (angle of deviation)

1 60 20 33
2 60 30 30
3 60 35 25
4 60 40 29
5 60 45 30

U=sin ((60+25)/2)/sin (30)

= 1.351

Conclusion

Refractive indices at room temperature:

 Benzaldehyde
o Actual: 1.546
o Experimental: 1.504
o
 Water
o Actual: 1.33
o Experimental: 1.306
o
 Dil. Sulphuric acid
o Actual: 1.355
o Experimental: 1.351

Precautions
 Angle of incidence should lie b/w 35-60 degree.

 Pins should be vertically fixed and should lie in same line.

 Distance b/w two points should not be less than 10mm.

 Same angle of prism should be used for all observation.

 Arrow head should be marked to represent emergent and

incident ray.
 Bibliography

 Wikipedia.com
 Google search engine
 WWW.YOUTUBE.COM
 Physics NCERT Book for Class XII