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Lecture11_24

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yulisnice
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ME211B: Thermodynamics

Instructor: Joon Sang Kang


Chapter 11 (11-1~11-4)

REFRIGERATION CYCLES
Objectives

• Introduce the concepts of refrigerators and heat pumps and


the measure of their performance.
• Analyze the ideal vapor-compression refrigeration cycle.
• Analyze the actual vapor-compression refrigeration cycle.
REFRIGERATORS AND HEAT PUMPS

The transfer of heat from a low-temperature


region to a high-temperature one requires
special devices called refrigerators.
Another device that transfers heat from a low-
temperature medium to a high-temperature
one is the heat pump.
Refrigerators and heat pumps are essentially
the same devices; they differ in their objectives
only.
THE REVERSED CARNOT CYCLE

Both COPs increase as the difference


between the two temperatures decreases,
that is, as TL rises or TH falls.
THE REVERSED CARNOT CYCLE

The reversed Carnot cycle is the


most efficient refrigeration cycle
operating between TL and TH.
It is not a suitable model for
refrigeration cycles since processes
2-3 and 4-1 are not practical.
- Process 2-3 involves the
compression of a liquid–vapor
mixture, which requires a
compressor that will handle two
phases.
- Process 4-1 involves the expansion
of high-moisture-content refrigerant
in a turbine.
THE IDEAL VAPOR-COMPRESSION
REFRIGERATION CYCLE

The vapor-compression refrigeration


cycle is the ideal model for refrigeration
systems. the turbine is replaced with a
throttling device.

Pa

This is the most w


idely used cycle fo
r refrigerators,
A-C systems, and
P
heat pumps.
,

α
S
Steady-flow energy balance

→
itrreversible

The ideal vapor-compression refrigeration cycle involves an irreversible


(throttling) process to make it a more realistic model for the actual
systems.
Replacing the expansion valve by a turbine is not practical since the
( added benefits cannot justify the added cost and complexity.
Example 11-1

A refrigerator uses refrigerant-134a as the working fluid and


0.8MPa
operates on an ideal vapor-compression refrigeration cycle
between 0.14 and 0.8MPa. If the mass flow rate of the
. refrigerant is 0.05kg/s,
.
determine
ai win
a) rate of heat removal and power input to the compressor.
. 0.14MPa mn …

b) the rate of heat rejection to the environment.


mvan
c) the COP of the refrigerator.
n 19 kw
hirha) ciu ni (haths)
=

ai =
i( :
=
9 kw

239 19 KJ /kg l 8lkw


h ni ( hh )
okJ/kg
=
=
.

Win =
-

, .

→ hz =275 .4
S (= s2 = - 0
94467

n 3
= 95 48 KJ /kg
.

→ h 3 h4
=

thretling
Example 11-1
Example 11-1
fexpansion
valve
)
ACTUAL VAPOR-COMPRESSION
REFRIGERATION CYCLE
Irreversibilities that occur in various components, mainly due to fluid friction (causes
pressure drops) and heat transfer to or from the surroundings.

DIFFERENCES
Non-isentropic
Gont
>

compression
5 Superheated vapor at
evaporator exit
\
Subcooled liquid at
⑥ -

pressere
drop
condenser exit
-

∵∵ ∵
:

- :
F
. .
↑ Pressure drops in
condenser and evaporator
τ]

The COP decreases as a result of irreversibilities


Summary

• Refrigerators and Heat Pumps


• The Reversed Carnot Cycle
• The Ideal Vapor-Compression Refrigeration Cycle
• Actual Vapor-Compression Refrigeration Cycle

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