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Lesson 9.4 Fluid Flow and Continuity Equation

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9 views

Lesson 9.4 Fluid Flow and Continuity Equation

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alexander.manlangit
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FLUID FLOW

LAMINAR TURBULENT
the flow is smooth, such that Is characterized by erratic,
neighboring layers of the fluid small, whirlpool-like circles
slide by each other smoothly called eddy currents or
eddies
CONTINUITY EQUATION
The mass of a
moving fluid
doesn’t change
as it flows.
𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑡

𝐴1 𝑣1 = 𝐴2 𝑣2
CONTINUITY EQUATION
𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑡
𝜌1 𝑉1 = 𝜌2 𝑉2
𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑛 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑖𝑑 𝜌1 = 𝜌2

𝑉1 = 𝑉2
𝑉1 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑎𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒

𝐴1 𝑣1 = 𝐴2 𝑣2
EXAMPLE: CONTINUITY EQUATION
𝑘𝑔
Incompressible oil of density 850 is pumped through a cylindrical pipe at
𝑚3
a rate of 9.5 liters per second. (a) The first section of the pipe has a diameter
of 8.0 cm. What is the flow speed of the oil? What is the mass flow rate? (b)
The second section of the pipe has a diameter of 4.0 cm. What is the flow
speed?
3
Solution(a) 𝐿
(9.5 𝑠)(10 −3 𝑚 )
the volume flow rate in the first section is 𝑉1 = 𝐴1 𝑣1 , 𝑣1 = 𝐿
where is the cross-sectional area of the pipe of 𝜋 4.0𝑥 10−2 𝑚 2
diameter 8.0 cm and radius 4.0 cm.
𝑣1 = 1.9 𝑚 𝑠
𝑉
𝑣1 =
𝐴
EXAMPLE: CONTINUITY EQUATION
𝑘𝑔
Incompressible oil of density 850 is pumped through a cylindrical pipe at
𝑚3
a rate of 9.5 liters per second. (a) The first section of the pipe has a diameter
of 8.0 cm. What is the flow speed of the oil? What is the mass flow rate? (b)
The second section of the pipe has a diameter of 4.0 cm. What is the flow
speed?
Solution(a)
the mass flow rate in the first section is
𝑘𝑔 𝑚 3
𝜌𝑉1 = 850 3 9.5 𝑥 10−3 ,
𝑚 𝑠
𝑘𝑔
𝜌𝑉1 = 8.1 ,
𝑠
EXAMPLE: CONTINUITY EQUATION
𝑘𝑔
Incompressible oil of density 850 is pumped through a cylindrical pipe at
𝑚3
a rate of 9.5 liters per second. (a) The first section of the pipe has a diameter
of 8.0 cm. What is the flow speed of the oil? What is the mass flow rate? (b)
The second section of the pipe has a diameter of 4.0 cm. What is the flow
𝐴1 𝑣1
speed? 𝑣2 =
Solution(b) 𝐴2
(b) From the continuity equation
𝜋 4.0𝑥10−2 𝑚 2 1.9 𝑚 𝑠
𝑣2 =
𝐴1 𝑣1 = 𝐴2 𝑣2 𝜋 2.0𝑥10−2 𝑚 2
𝑣2 = 7.6 𝑚 𝑠
End of Lesson 9.4

 Next: Lesson 9.5

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