LANGUAGE OF HEALTHCARE

ARTICULATE TO TREAT

ENGLISH – KANNADA PHRASE BOOK

THE EMPATH SOCIETY PUBLICATION

 COMPILATION BY

DR HIRANMAYI DR HARSHA B J
UPPANGALA

EDITOR IN-CHIEF AND PUBLISHER

DR. KISHAN RAO B,

MBBS, MS, MCH CTVS

For feedback and further details

contact us at @ 8105232787 Join us
@ The Empath Society
https:// m.facebook.com/
theempathsociety/?tsid=0.3545809547949843&source=result
MRP:Rs.100
(This money will be exclusively utilized for EduCare of
economically backward and needy students)
 INTRODUCTION

Imagine yourself eliciting history from a patient in a language you don't speak
or write. The patient knows only the local language which you cannot
understand. Trying to communicate through signs has also failed. What
would you do then?
Such a situation is a very common occurrence in a country like ours where
the number of languages spoken from region to region skyrocket in
harmonic progression. Establishing an effective communication becomes
very difficult in such a situation due to lack of mutual knowledge of a
common dialect. The very aim of a doctor which is to impart healthcare and
counsel then becomes futile. Hence, only medical knowledge is not
sufficient for a doctor. Being able to communicate this medical knowledge
for the benefit of the masses is what is more important. Thus, it is imperative
to be able to communicate in a dialect which the patient understands so as
to console, convince and counsel, the three important features of an
empathetic doctor.

With this very aim and motto, this book is a humble attempt to bridge the
loopholes and gaps in communication. Commonly used words and
questions asked have been translated into Kannada from English with the sole
aim to help medical students and also healthcare professionals to build a good
rapport with the patients and provide the best of care and cure. We hope this
handy manual will soon be your best friend and be there for you through thick
and thin. It is however a well-established fact that practice makes one
perfect. Hence, only by repeated practice of speaking will help one master the
art of effective communication.
 THE EMPATH SOCIETY
Hippocrates had said—'Wherever the art of medicine is loved, there is also
a love for humanity'. It is often a preconceived notion that a doctor's duty
ends as the patient walks out of the room after being dispensed medicines
and rules on how to take them. One often forgets to give enough credit to
the fact that there is more to medicine than mere elixirs and capsules.
Healing is not only the colour white. It involves vivid colours like that in a
rainbow and encompasses a holistic approach. Today the world is in
jeopardy, we have become so mechanical in all that we do that we have
forgotten what it means to be human. We are so engrossed in protocols and
guidelines that our efforts to look beyond what we believe are the ends of
our capabilities, have become futile. We must always remember that there
is no such thing as an ordinary human and that no step is too small to begin
with or as a matter of fact, each one of us is capable of bringing a change in
this world.

Prevention is always said to be better than cure. Once we can

arrest something in its initial stages, it becomes easier to eradicate it as a
whole. On this basis, “The Empath Society” was formed. We believe that
to serve people is to serve the Almighty Himself. The sole objective of our
team is to aid the ailing, help the helpless and most importantly prevent
before it's too late. The Empath Society is aimed to initiate a chain reaction
to bring about happiness all around.

MediCare- Regular Health camps in various locations to not only

ameliorate sickness but also by spreading awareness of basic health and
hygiene practices to prevent diseases.
 HopeIndia - initiative for hunger-free nation. Our aim is to do
away with hunger and try our best to not let any person sleep with an
empty stomach. We take all excess food from our hostel mess or from
voluntary donation and distribute it to those in need. We are also striving
hard to minimize wastage of food resources.

Voluntary blood donation and to organize blood donation camps

to reduce the blood crisis in our hospital. We are trying to create awareness
in the mass about advantages of donating blood and also maintain a
registry of Donors for emergency.

Cleanliness campaign - this initiative is to make our country a

cleaner and healthier place by educating people about hazards of pollution
and organising regular clean-up activities.

EduCare- each one teach one - assistance to financially deprived

students.

GoGreen drive - regular plantation of saplings so that we can

make our environment a better place to live in.

We believe a healthy person is not only free of diseases but is also of sound
mind, personality and behaviour. So all our efforts are not only aimed at
merely curing but also to make a person completely healthy in all aspects.

Our tagline, Empathy: to empower humanity is not only focused at

providing healthcare benefits but also to make the world a better place by
doing whatever little we can towards eliminating diseases, poverty and
overall promoting prevention. A Facebook page “The Empath Society” has
been created to make people know more about us and to provide a platform
for people to voluntarily donate whatever they can.
We have been posting pictures and sharing information of all that we have
done. The response has been overwhelming. People have not only
appreciated our efforts but have also willingly shown interest to be a part of
our team not only in kind but also in person. This is an effort to reach an
even wider audience so that we can work together as a family and create a
world where there is compassion and hope for a better future, where we
can ensure that our future is in good hands by helping to develop and
nurture our children so that they become healthy and responsible adults.
They say there is enough hatred, jealousy and ill-will in this world but no
one even cares to do something good and noble to even the odds. Let this
humble effort ricochet and set a chain reaction so that we can become
better humans standing on the ideals of honesty, empathy and compassion.

Love All Serve All

Help Ever Hurt Never

 THE WHITE ARMY
HELP OTHERS TO HELP OURSELVES
It is a band of white-coated, like-minded Medicos for better Health Care in
our country.

We have 50 WhatsApp Groups consisting more than 12000 members.

This is an open forum for discussion. Any medical cases, questions can be
shared and doubts can be clarified. We discuss the common and important
topics everyday. We also post several PDF books, PPTs, Articles, Charts
etc and try to support as much as possible.

We faced lot of troubles, tension preparing for exams, entrance tests.

Our juniors should not face similar problems. All should succeed in exams
confidently, clear PG entrance in Internship itself and also should have
thorough knowledge about all subjects even though we become specialist
in any subject. The world out there is very competitive. We should be very
knowledgeable, efficient and competent to survive. Mere reading will not
help. Repeated revisions are required. Discuss with friends. We will realize
how much we remember or understood.

So, let us join The White Army and actively take part in discussions to
enrich our knowledge.

Study Enjoying

Enjoy Studying
In a nutshell, all our efforts are directed towards making our nation a better

place with the help of the youth of today. Our target is to involve the

current generation of medical students into humanitarian work so that in

future they become not only good but empathetic doctors who will not only

cure their patients but also heal the society at large because as they say -

Helping hands are holier than praying lips!

THE WHITE ARMY MEMBERS

YOUTUBE: 30,000+

WHATSAPP: 12,000+

INSTAGRAM: 10,000+

FACEBOOK: 5,000+

TELEGRAM: 5,000+
 DEDICATED

TO OUR

PARENTS AND TEACHERS

 CONTENTS
I. Vocabulary 
 Pronouns
 Interrogative
 Prepositions & Conjunctions
 Numbers
 Colours
 Days & Durations
 Relationships
 Greetings

II. Basic body parts

III. Symptomatology
IV. History taking & General Physical Examination
 Patient Details 
 Chief Complaints
 History of Present Illness 
 History of Past Illness 
 Personal History
 Menstrual History
 Marital and obstetric History
 Nutritional /Diet History
 Developmental History
 Immunization History
 Family History
 Socio-Economic History
 General Physical Examination
 Common OPD Communication
 Common Ward Communication

 Common Casualty Communication

 VOCABULARY
PRONOUNS
ENGLISH KANNADA
I Naanu
We Naavu
My Nanna
Our Namma
Me Naanu
You Neenu
Your Ninna/Nimma
He/she Avanu/Avalu
Him/her Avana/Avala
They Avaru
Their Avara
This Idu
These Ivugalu
That Adu
Those Avugalu
INTERROGATION
ENGLISH KANNADA
Why Yaake
Who Yaaru
When Yaavaga
Where Elli
What Enu
What for Ethakke
Which Yaava
How ever Hegadaru
How Hege

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PREPOSITIONS AND CONJUNCTIONS
ENGLISH KANNADA
After Aamele/Nanthara
Before Munche
Inside / in Olage
Outside Horage
Out Horage
And Matthu
Or Athava
More Hecchu
But Aadare
Also Aadaru
Almost Bahutheka
Soon Bega
Slowly Mellage
Suddenly Iddhakkiddhanthe
Across Addalaagi
Again Matthe
If so Haagiddalli
If not so Haage illavaadalli
Tall Eththara
Short Kullage
Fat Dappa
Lean Thellage

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NUMBERS
1 Ondu
2 Eradu
3 Mooru
4 Naalku
5 Aidu
6 Aaru
7 Elu
8 Entu
9 Ombatthu
10 Hatthu
11 Hannondu
12 Hanneredu
13 Hadimooru
14 Hadinaalku
15 Hadinaidu
16 Hadinaaru
17 Hadinelu
18 Hadinentu
19 Hatthombatthu
20 Ippatthu
21 Ippatthondu
22 Ippattheredu
23 Ippathmooru
24 Ippathnaalku
25 Ippatthaidu
26 Ippatthaaru
27 Ippatthelu
28 Ippatthentu
29 Ippatthombatthu
30 Moovatthu

12
 40 Nalavatthu
50 Aivatthu
60 Aruvatthu
70 Epatthu
80 Embhatthu
90 Thombhatthu
100 Nooru
1000 Saavira
10000 Hatthu Saavira
100000 Ondu Laksha
DAYS AND DURATION
ENGLISH KANNADA
Monday Somavaara
Tuesday Mangalavaara
Wednesday Budhavaara
Thursday Guruvaara
Friday Shukravaara
Saturday Shanivaara
Sunday Bhaanuvaara
Morning Belagge
Evening Sanje/Saayankaala
Afternoon Madhyaahna
Night Raathri
Day Hagalu
Week Vaara
Month Thingalu
Year Varsha
This year Ee Varsha
Last year Hoda Varsha

13
 Besige/ Besigegaala
Summer
bisilugaala
Winter Chaligaala
Rainy season Malegaala
COLOURS
ENGLISH KANNADA
Red Kempu
Blue Neeli
Black Kappu
Orange Kesari
Pink Pink
Yellow Haladi
Green Hasiru
White Bili
RELATIONSHIPS
ENGLISH KANNADA
Mother Amma
Father Appa
Son Maga
Daughter Magalu
Grand father Thaatha/ Ajja
Grand mother Ajji
Son-in-law Aliya
Daughter-in-law Sose
Uncle Maama/Mava
Aunty Maami/Atthe
Elder brother Anna
Younger brother Thamma

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 Elder sister Akka
Younger sister Thangi
Wife Hendathi/pathni
Husband Ganda/pathi
Widow Vidhave
Widower Vidhura
Divorce Vicchedana
GREETINGS
ENGLISH KANNADA
Good morning Shubhodaya
Good afternoon Shubha madhyaana
Good evening Shubha sanje
Good night Shubha raathri
Namasthe Namasthe
Thank you Dhanyavaada
Welcome Sveekaara
All the best Ella olleyadaagali
Yes Houdu
No Illa
Sorry Kshamisi
BASIC PARTS OF THE BODY
ENGLISH KANNADA
Ankle Kanakaalu
Anus Gudhadwaara
Body Dheha
Bone Moole/Elubu
Blood Raktha
Buttock Prushta

15
Breast Sthana
Beard Gadda
Back Bennu
Brain Medulu
Cheek Kenne
Chin Gadda
Chest Edhe
Dead body Hena/Mrutha deha
Eye Kannu
Ear Kivi
Elbow Monakai
Eyelashes Kannu reppe
Eyebrow Hubbu
Eyelid Kannu gudde
Finger Beralu
Face Mukha
Heart Hrudaya
Heel Himmadi
Hair Koodalu
Head Thale
Hand Kai
Intestine Karulu
Knee Monakaalu
Leg Kaalu
Lip Thuti
Lung Swaasha Kosha
Liver Yakrutthu/ Pittha
janakaanga
Mouth Baayi
Moustache Meese
Nose Moogu

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 Neck Katthu/ Kutthige
Nail Uguru
Nostril Moogina Holle
Penis Shishna
Pupil Kannina kappu
Palate Angula
Rib Pakkelubu
Stomach Hotte
Skin Charma
Spine Bennelubu
Skull Thale burude
Sole Paadhadha adi
Stool Mala
Throat Gantalu
Tooth Hallu
Tongue Naalige
Testicle Vrushana
Toe Kaalu beralu
Hebberulu/
Thumb Hebbettu
Thigh Thode
Urine Moothra
Vagina Yoni
Wrist Manikattu
Waist Sonta
SYMPTOMATOLOGY
ENGLISH KANNADA
Pain abdomen Hotte novu
Ear ache Kivi novu

17
Hit by another Bereyavaru
person hodedaru
Diarrhea Bedhi
Dysentery Bedhiyalli raktha
Dammu/
Breathlessness Usiraadalikke
thondare
Gantalalli meenina
Fish bone in throat
mole
Drug overdose Aushadhi jaasthi
aaguvudu
Backache Bennu novu
Fall from height Melinda beelu
Mushroom Anabe visha
poisoning aaguvudu
Kerosene poisoning Seeme enne visha
aaguvudu
Snake bite Haavu kaditha
Cat scratch Bekku geeru
Gantalu kattharisu,
Cut throat
Gantalu Koyyi
Hanging Nenu haakuvudu
Drowning Muluguvudu
Usirukattuvudu/
Strangulation
Kuttige hisukuvudu
Burn Sudu/ Suttu hogu
Bisi neerinda
Hot water burn
suduvudu
Electrical burn Currentninda
suduvudu
Lightning injury Sidilu badi
Bullet Gundu
Road traffic accident Rasthe apaghaatha
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Menstruation Muttu
Menarche Mainareyuvudu
Menopause Muttu nilluvudu/
Ruthubandha
Pregnancy Garbhadhaare
Last menstrual Hindina muttu
period banda dina
Labour pain Prasava novu/
Prasava bene
Delivery Prasava
Twin Avali – Javali
Nausea Vaakarike
Vomiting Vaanthi
White discharge Bili muttu
Infertility Banjethana/
santhaana heenathe
Fetal movements Bhroonada chalane
Fever Jwara
Convulsion Fits/ Selethagalu/
Moorche roga
Headache Thale novu
Chest pain Ede novu
Vaayuguna/
Flatulence
hotteyalli gaali
Burping Thegu
Indigestion Ajeerna
Fainting Moorche hogu
Thale sutthu
Giddiness / Thale thirugu
Joint pain Keelu novu/
keelu bene

19
Hunger Hasivu
Numbness Maragattu/
Jovu hidi
Obesity Dappa
Palpitation Ede baditha joru
Itching Keretha, thindi
Jaundice Kaamale
Measles Dhadaara
Chicken pox Sidubu
Anemia Raktha heenathe
Weakness Nithraana
Sweat Bevaru
Cold Chali/ Negadi
Tingling sensation Jummu enisu
Thirsty Baayaarike
Loss of sleep Nidde kedu,
Nidde kammi
Loss of appetite Hasivu Kadime
Alcohol addict Kuduka
Chills and rigor Chali naduka
Constipation Mala Baddhtathe
Loss of Ecchara thappu
consciousness
Swelling Gadde, baavu, ubbu
Wound Gaaya
Bleeding Raktha soru
Boil Gulle
Stitch Holige
Removal of stitch Holige bicchuvudu
Stone Kallu
Ulcer Hunnu

20
Perforation Randhra/ chidra/
thoothu
Burning micturtion Uri moothra
Pus Keevu
Burning Uri
Sucking Heeru
Deaf Kivudu
Earwax Gugge
Dumb Mooka
Moogininda raktha
Epistaxis soru
Smell Vaasane
Sight Drishti
Dumb Mooka
Speech Maathu
Voice Dhvani
Foul smelling Ketta vaasane
Vertigo Thale sutthu
Sneeze Seenu
Hear Kelu
Cannot hear Kelisuttha illa
Can hear Kelisutha ide
Mosquito Solle
Leach Jigane
Snore Gorake
Sleep Niddhe
Urination Moothra visarjane
Defecation Mala visarjane
Cataract Kannina pore

21
Watering of eyes Kanninda
neerilyuvudu
Tears Kanneeru
Open your eyes Kannnu thegiyiri
Close your eyes Kannu mucchiri
Can you see Kaanisuttha ideya?
Blindness Kurudu
Fracture Moole muritha
Loose Sadila
Dislocation Moole jaaruvudu

Amputation Kadiyuvudu,
Kattharisuvudu
Sputum Kapha
Bed wetting Hasige odde
maadikolluvudu
Fear Bhaya
Shout Kiruchu/ Koogu
Worry Chinthe
Neck holding Kuththige bala
Roll over Maguchi/kavuchi
beelu
Crawl/creep Thevalu
Sit Kuthukolu
Stand Nillu
Walk Nadeyuvudu
Run Odu
Smile Nagu
Cry Alu
Word Shabda
Sentence Vaakya
Story Kathe
Rhymes/song Padhya

22
 PATIENT'S DETAILS

1. What is your name?

Nimma hesaru enu?
2. How old are you?
Nimage eshtu vayassu? / nimma vayassu eshtu?
3. Where do you come from?
Neevu ellinda bandiddiri?
4. What job do you do?
Neevu enu kelasa madtira?
5. When did you get admitted in the hospital?
Neevu aaspathrege seriddu( admit aagiddu ) yaavaga?
CHIEF COMPLAINTS

6. What is the problem?

Nimage enu thondare ide?
7. For how long are you having this problem?
Nimage ee thondare yavaaginda ide?

HISTORY OF PRESENTILLNESS
8. What type of pain?
Yaava tarahada novu

23
9. How did it start?
Hege ( Yaava thara ) shuru aaytu?
10. Where is the site of pain?
Novu elli ( yaava jaagadalli) ide?
11. Where did it start first?
Modalu elli shuru aaytu?
12. Did it(pain) remain in the same place?
Novu ade jaagadalli ittha ?
13. What is the site of origin?
Novu yaava jaagadinda shuru aagutthe?
14. Any relieving factors?
Novu kadime aagoke enadru madthira?
15. Is the pain associated with vomiting & fever?
Novina jote vaanti matthe jwara ideya?
16. When the pain extends to another site, is the pain still
seen at the site of origin?
Novu bere jaagakke hodhaga munche idda jaagadalli
novuttha ?

24
17. How is your appetite?
Hasivu hegide ?
18. Do you get good sleep at the night?
Raatri nidde channaagi maadthira ?
19. Do you pass stool regularly?
Prati dina mala visarjnege ( eradakke ) sariyagi
hogtira ?
20. Is stool watery/ soft/ hard?
Mala neer thara / meduvaagi / gatti iruttha ?
21. How is urine?
Mootra ( ondu ) sariyagi maadtidira ?
22. How much is volume?
Eshtu mootra madtira ?( nimma mootrada parimaana
estu? )
23. What is the colour of urine? Is it red/ yellow/ black?
Moothrada banna hegirutthe ? kempu/haladi/kappu
bannairuttha?

QUESTIONS PERTAINING TO CNS CASES

24. Where did the weakness appeared first?
Modhalu yava jagadhalli bala kadime ide anta ansiththu?

25
25. When did it start?
Yavaga shuru aythu?
26. What where you doing at the time of onset of weakness?
Bala kadime adha haage ansidhaga, neevu yenu madtha
idri?
27. How did it progress?
Hege jasthi aythu?
28. What did you notice along with the weakness?
Swadheena kadime adhaga, adhara jothege bere enadru
tondhare / lakshanagalu kandu bandhiththa?
29. Whether you noticed altered/ disturbance in
the perception of smell?
Nimage ruchi athava vasane grahisuvalli yenadru
vyathyasa kandu bandhiththa?
30. Whether there was any disturbance in vision/double
vision etc noted?
Drishtiyalli yenadru vyathyasa agittha: Eraderadu
kanuvudu/ drishti manjaguvudhu?
31. Any problem noted while eating / inability to eat?
Aahara thinnuvaga yenadru tondhare kandu
bandhiththa?

26
32. Any deviation in angle of mouth or difficulty inspeaking
noted?
Mathnaduvaga yenadhru tondhare agtha iththa?
33. Any difficulty in hearing, perception of taste noted?
Kivi keluvudu enadru kadime aagiththa?
34. Any disturbance in perception of sensations like touch,
pain, temperature noted?
Yenadru muttidaga gottagutta?
35. Any difficulty in initiating a movement noted?
Yenadru chatuvatike shuru maduvaga kashta aaguththa?
36. Any tendency of swaying and loss of balance noted?
Dehadha samatholana kaledhukondanthe anisthada?
37. Any altered bowel , bladder function there?
Mala /Moothra abhayasadlli yenadru vyathyasa
aagideya?

38. Any history of recent trauma present?

Elliyadru enadru thagiththa athava biddidra?

27
39. If Yes, how did it happen?
Hege aythu?
40. What were the sequale?
Yenen aythu?
41. What was the management done?
Yen madidru/ Yen chikithse madidru avaga?
42. Any History of involuntary movements present ?
Yenadru anaichchika chalanavalanagalu kandu
bandhdhiththa?
43. If yes, how did it start, progress, what body parts were
involved?
Aa thara aagiddaga, yenenu aagiththu? Hege shuru
aythu, yellella aythu?
44. Associated symptoms like bowel and bladder
disturbance, vomiting, drooling of saliva noted?
Adara jothege vaanthi, berenadru thondaregalu kandu
bantha?
45. Any history loss of consciousness present?
Jnana thappiththa?
46. History of fever, headache?
Jwara, thale novu iththa

28
 HISTORY OF PAST ILLNESS

47. Any similar illness in the past?

Munche ide thara kaayile bandittha ?
48. Any history of Diabetes Mellitus, Tuberculosis &
Hypertension?
Nimage kshaya(tuberculosis),sakkare kaayile(diabetes
mellitus) matthe rakthada oththada(hypertension)
thondare idya ?
49. Any history of operation or treatment?
Munche yaavdadru operation ( shastra chikitse )
aagittha ?
50. Any history of allergy to drugs?
Yaavdadru aushadhige allergy idya ?

PERSONAL HISTORY

51. Do you take meat?

Neevu maamsa thinthira? (chicken- koli maamsa ,
mutton-kuri maamsa , pork-handi maamsa )

29
52. Do you have any addiction to any substance?
Nimage yaavdhadhru vasthuvina chata ( vyasana ) idya ?
/ nimage enadru ketta abhyasa ( bad habits) idya?
53. Do you smoke?
Neevu beedi/cigarette seduttheera?(neevu dhoomapaana
madtira ? )
54. Do you take paan?
Nimage paan thinnuva abhyasa ideya ?
55. Do you take alcohol?
Nimage kudiyuva abhyasa ideya ? ( neevu madya paana
maadthira ? )

56. Do you have any unusual sexual contacts with ladies?

Nimage bere hengasara jote laingika
samparka/sahavaasa (anaitika sambanda ) idya ?
MENSTRUAL HISTORY
57. At what age did you attain your menarche?
Neevu eshtu varsha idhdhaga
dhoddavaragidhdhu/ruthumathi agidhdhu?
58. Are the cycles regular/Irregular?
Muttu prathi thingalu sariyagi aguththa?

30
59. Once in how many days you get your menses?
Eshtu divasakke ondhu baari muttu aguththe?
60. How many days of flow?
Omme muttu adhaga eshtu dina raktha srava aguththade?
61. How many pads/cloths/tampons you use per day?
Ondhu dhinadhalli eshtu batte/pads badhalayisuttheera?
62. Are the cycles painful?
Muttu/horage adhaga thumba novu iruttha?
63. Is there any history of passage of clots?
Muttu/ruthusrava aguvaga gantu gantagi hoguththa?
MARITAL AND OBSTETRICS HISTORY

64. Are you married?

Nimage maduve agideya?
65. How many years of married life?(Divorce?)
Madhuve agi eshtu varsha aytu?

66. Consanguinous/Non -consanguinous?

Sambhndhadalle maduve agidda?/Kutumbadha olage
maduve agidda?
67. What is the age of your husband?
Nimma yajamanara/gandana vayassu yeshtu?

69. Do you have child/children?

Nimage makkalu idaara?
70. If yes, how many?
Nimage eshtu jana makkalu idhdhare?

31
71. Any obstetric (antenatal/natal/postnatal ) complications
? Basari agiddaga/ prasava samayadalli/baananthanadha
samayadhalli enadhru thondhre agiththa?
72. What was the mode of delivery? (Cesarian Section or
Normaldelivery).
Herige normal agi aytha, athava Cesarian/operation/
shasthra chikithse maadsidra?
73. Where was the delivery done?(Home/ hospital)
Herige elli aythu? - Mane/ Aaspathre?
74. Whether the child was kept in NICU?
Maguvanna huttidha takshana athava swalpa hoththadha
mele ICU li ittidhra?
75. Whether the child was breast fed?
Maguvige thayi halu kottidhra?
76. Whether the child is Immunized till date?
Maguvige illiyavaregina ella lasike hakisidhdheera?

32
77. Sterilization or Family planning methods followed?
(Kutumba yojanegallanna palistha ideera?) Makkalu
agadha haage enadru operation madskondidheera?
NUTRITIONAL HISTORY.
78. Whether the child was breast fed or not?
Nimma maguvige thayi haalu kudisiddera?
79. When was the breast feeding initiated?
Thayi haalu yavagadhindha kodakke shuru madidhri?
80. How many times the child was breast Fed?
Maguvige dinakke eshtu bari thayi haalu kodteera?
81. How long the child was breast Fed?
Maguvuge eshtu samaya (tingala vargu) thaayi
haalu kottidheera?
82. When was the complementary feed started?
Yavagalindha pooraka ahara kodalu shurumadidiri?
DEVELOPMENTAL HISTORY
83. Whether the child is able to --------
(particular activity has to be asked?)
Nimma magu (kuthkoluththa? Etc..particular activity has
to be asked?)

33
84. Is there any unusual behaviour noted?
Yavudadaru asaadharana varthane kandu
bandidheya?

IMMUNIZATIONHISTORY

85. Is your child vaccinated till date?

Nimma maguvige samaya samyakke lasikegalannu
(chuchhu maddu) hakisiddeera?

86. Were there any adverse reactions noted?

Lasike hakidha nanthara enadharu tondhare /adda
parinamagalu agiththa?

FAMILY HISTORY

87. How many members are there in your family?

Nim maneyalli/kutumbadhalli eshtu jana idhdhaare?
88. Who are all there in your house?
Nimma maneyalli yarella idaare?
89. Anybody in your family is suffering from similar
illness?
Nimma maneyalli yarigadhru idhe
tharahadha khayile idya ?

34
90. Anybody in your family is suffering from
tuberculosis,diabetes mellitus,hypertension?
Nimma maneyalli yarigadhru
kshaya(TB),sakkare kaayile(Diabetes
mellitus),rakthadha oththada (BP tondre)
idheya?

ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORTY

91. What type of house you have?pakka/kachcha?

Nimma mane yava tharaddu-pakka/kahcha?
92. How many rooms are there in your house?
Nimma maneyalli eshtu konegalu ive?
93. What is the source of drinking water?
Nimma manege kudiyuva neeranna ellinda thartheera?
94. Are there vector breeding areas around your house?
Nimma mane suttha muttha sollegala thondare idiya?
95. Any open drainage system/ areas of water stagnation
around your house?
Nimma mane suttha muttha kolache nilluva jaga idiya?
96. What type of latrine you use?
Neevu yava reethiya shouchalayavannu upayogisuttheeri?

35
97. What is the method of waste disposal?
Kasavanna elli bisadtira?
98. Is there adequate light and ventilation?
Nimma maneyalli saakashtu gali belaku ideya?
99. What do you use as fuel to cook?(Fire wood/LPG etc)
Adige madakke/madlikke enu
balastheera?(Kattige/LPG)

SOCIO-ECONOMIC HISTORY

100 Who is the head of your family?

Nimma maneyalli hiriyavaru yaru?
101 How many members are there in your family?
Nimma maneyalli eshtu jana iddare?
102. How many earning members in the family?
Nimma maneyali eshtu jana kelasakke hogthaare?
103 How much is the monthly income of your family?
Nimma kutumbada thingala aadaaya eshtu?

36
 GENERAL PHYSICAL EXAMINATION

104. May I examine you .

Naanu nimmannu parikshe maadabahuda ?
105. Relax yourself, don't be afraid.
Hedara bedi , araamagi iri.
106. You lay down
Malkoli ( malagi ).
107 you sit down
Neevu Koothkoli (koori).
108 You stand up
Neevu ninthkoli (nilli).
109 Extend your leg
Kaalannu chaachi (udda maadi).
110 Flex your leg
Kaalannu madachi.
111. You look up
Neevu melgade (mele )
nodi .
112. You look down
Kelage (kelagade) nodi.
113. Close your eyes.
Kannu mucchi.

37
114. Look here.
illi nodi.
115. Look there.
Alli nodi.
116. Look to your right
Nimma balagade (balakke) nodi
117. Look to your left
Nimma edagade(edakke) nodi
118. Do deep breathing
Dheerga/dodda/joraagi usiru thogoli
119. Hold your breath
Usiru hidkoli.
120. Breath through mouth
Baayinda usiraadi

121. Remove your clothes

Batte thegeyiri (kalachi)
122. Open your mouth
Baayi tegeyiri/tereyiri

123. Is there any pain while touching?

Naanu muttuvaaga novvuttha?
124. Lay on right side
Balagade maggulu malagi (balagade vaali malagi)
125. Lay on left side
Edagade maggulu malagi.( edagade vaali malagi)

38
126. Lay on supine postion
Angaatha/sulina vaagi malagi ( mukha mele maadi
malagi )

127. Show me your tongue

Nimma naalige thorsi.
128. Don't talk
Maathu aadabedi
129. Don't move
Alugaadabedi ( allaada bedi)
130. Show me your hand
Nimma kai thorisi
131. Do like this
Ee reethi maadi.
132. Lift up
Mele etthi
133. Do you know whether I am touching?
Nimage naanu muttuthirodu gottagutta idya?

39
 COMMON OPD COMMUNICATION

134. Sit down

Kuthkoli.

135. What is your problem?

Nimma thondare/ samasye enu?
136. Since when?
Yaavaginda?
137. How does it start?
Hege shuru aaytu?
138. I want to examine you
Naanu nimmannu parikshe maadabeku.

139. Take these medications

properly
Ee aushadhina sariyagi thogoli.
140. Take one tablet once daily for 5 days
Ee maatrena aidu dina , dinakke ondu sari thogoli.

40
141. Take one tablet twice daily for 3 days
Moorudina Ondu maatrena erdu sari thogoli.

142. Take 2 teaspoonful twice daily

Prathi dina eradu chamacha thogoli.

143. Take one tablet thrice daily for 7days

Elu dina, ondu maathrena dinakke mooru sari thogoli.

144. Take these medicines after food

Ee aushadhina oota aadamele thogoli.

145. Take these medicines before food

Ee aushadhina ootakke munche thogoli.

146. Take these medicines at bed time

Raatri malaguvaaga ee aushadhina thogoli.

147. Take these medicines at early morning

Belaage ee aushadhina thogoli.

148. Take these medicines regularly

Ee aushadhina tappade thogoli

41
149. Take food nicely while on treatment
Treatment ( chikithse ) thogobekaadre channagi oota
maadi.
150. Don't take alchohol while on medication
Treatment ( chikitse ) thogobekaadre kudi bedi.
151. Come again after one week
Ondu vaara bittu banni.
152. There is nothing to worry about disease
Khaayile bagge thale kedusko bedi.
153. You will be alright if treated
Chikitse kotre neevu sari hogthira.
154. I am referring you to the medicine OPD, you please go
to room no 117
Naanu nimmannu Medicine OPD ge kalustini. Room
number 117 ge hogi.

155. You have to do some investigations inside the hospital

Neevu kelavu parikshena aaspatre alli maadisa beku.
156. Can you do some investigations at private hospital?
Neevu kelavu parikshena private aaspatre alli maadsoke
aagutta ?

42
157. When you come back, please bring report .
Matte baruvaaga report thogondu banni.
158. You go to ticket counter and get ticket for investigation.
Cheeti koduva counter ge hogi cheeti thogondu banni.
159. You need admission
Neevu aaspatrege admit ( daakhalu ) aaga beku.
160. Would you like to stay in hospital?
Aaspatre alli iroke ishta padtira ?
161. You get one admission ticket and go to ward
Admission ( daakhalaati ) cheeti tagondu ward ge hogi.
162. You may require operation
Nimage operation bekaaga bahudu.
163. You will be operated under general anesthesia
Nimage pragne tappisi operation maadteevi.
164. You come on Friday for admission
Shukravaara admission ge ( daakhalaathi ge ) banni.
165. You come tomorrow in the ward
Naale ward ge banni.

43
 COMMON WARD COMMUNICATION
166. How are you ?
Hegiddira neevu ?
167. Are you improving?
Usharagtha idira ?
168. You buy these medicines .
Neevu ee aushadhina kondkoli. ( from shop – angadi
inda)

169. You will be alright slowly

Nidhaanakke sari hogthira ( usharagtira ).
170. Are you taking these medicines regularly?
Neevu ee aushadhina thappade thogothidira?

171. Are you taking food ?

Oota madthidira?

172. What food you have taken today?

Neevu ivatthu enu thindri(oota maadiddiri)?

173. If you take food, we wont give IV anymore

Neevu oota maadthidre iv na ( drip na ) kodolla.
174. We want to draw blood for investigation
Naavu parikshe maadoke raktha thogobeku.

44
175. You get tickets for investigations
Parikshe maadsoke cheeti thogondu banni.

176. We would like to advice you to do CT scan

Neevu CT scan maadsi.

177. Would you like to go home?

Manege hogoke ishta padtira?
178. You can go home today
Neevu ivatthu manege hoga bahudu.
179. You go home and take medicine regularly
Neevu manege hogi aushadhina thappade thogolli.
180. Come for check-up after 2 weeks
Eradu vaara bittu check up ge banni.
181. Sister will tell you everything
Sister ( nurse ) nimage ella helthare.
COMMON CASUALTY COMMUNICATION

182. Where is your ticket?

Nimma cheeti elli?

45
183. What is the problem?
Nimma thondare ( samasye ) enu?
184. Please come one person only with patient
Rogiya jote dayavittu obbaru maatra banni.
185. Don't overcrowd. It is difficult to see patient .
Nooku nuggalu maadabedi. Rogina nodoke kashta
aagutthe.
186. How accident happened?
Apaghatha/accident hege aaytu?
187. Is it bullet injury?
Idu bullet/gundina gaayana?
188. I will call ENT doctor .
Naanu ENT doctor na karithini ( ENT doctor – kivi,
moogu, gantalu doctor )
189. Bring your patient to minor OT room no.7
Rogiyannu minor OT room number 7 ge (kotadi
sankye elakke) karkond banni.(OT – shastra chikitsa
ghataka)
190. Where is your medicine?
Nimma aushadhi elli?

46
191. Please buy these medicines immediately
Dayavittu ee aaushadhina ivaagle ( thakshana ) thogolli.
192. X-ray will be required
X-ray bekaaga bahudu ( X ray – ksha kirana)
193. Show the X-ray to your doctor
X ray na nimma doctrige thorsi.

194. There is no fracture in the x-ray

X ray nalli yava fracture illa ( fracture – moole murita )
195. It will require stitch
Idakke holige bekaagutte.
196. Please tolerate, it is finishing
Dayavittu sahsahisikolli innenu mugiyutte
(agoytu).

197. I have informed my senior doctor, he is coming

Naanu senior ( hiriya/dodda) doctorige helidini , avru
barthidare.
198. Condition of the patient is not good
Rogiya paristhithi / sthithi sari illa.
199. It is difficult to say about the prognosis
Rogiya paristhithi mundhe enu
aagutthe antha helodu kashta.

47
200. Patient needs to be referred to outside/private
Rogina bere aaspathrege /private aaspathrege karkond
hogi.

201. There is no problem in the report

Report alli enu thondre illa.
202. We need to admit the patient
Naavu rogina admit maadkobeku ( aaspatrege sersko
beku )

203. Get admission ticket and go to ward

Admission ( daakhalaati ) cheeti thogondu wards ge
hogi.

204. Ask the security the way to ward

Ward daarina security hathra keli.
205. You come to OPD for check-up
Parikshe maadsoke OPD ge banni.
206. You can go home
Neevu manege hogbodu.
207. If any problem ,you may come back.
Enadru thondre aadre , matte banni.

48
208. Is your home far from hospital?
Nimma mane aaspathre inda doorana?

209. Is there anybody at home who can give drip?

Drip kodoke maneyalli yaraadru iddara?
210. Any vomiting?
Vaanthi aayta?

211. Any bleeding?

Raktha banta?
212. Do you have any high BP before?
Nimage munche enadru jaasti BP ittha?

213. Do you have any diabetes before?

Nimage munche sakkare kaayile ittha?
214. Any chest pain?
Ede novu idya?

215. Any bleeding from nose?

Mooginalli raktha banta? (mooginalli raktha sraava
aayta)

216. Immediate operation is required

Takshana operation maadabeku.

49
217. Please arrange 2 units of blood
Dayavittu eradu unit rakta arrange ( vyavasthe ) maadi.
218. Your child will need IV drip
Nimma maguvige IV drip haaka bekagide.
219. Your child Will be alright , don't panic
Gaabri aagbedi , nimma magu usharagutthe.

220. Convulsion is due to high fever

Fits ( apasmara ) bandirodu jaasti jvaradinda.
221. Do cold sponging at home if fever persists
jwara munduvardre , odde batte haaki.

222. Give ORS /home fluid frequently at home

Manelli avagavaga ORS kodi.

223. Increase breast feeding duration during sickness

Khaayile biddaga hechhu ede haalu kudisi.

224. The child is already dead

Magu aagle satthogide
225. Life and death depends on the hands of God
Jeevana mattu marana ( baduku matthu saavu )
bhagavanthana kaiyalli ide.

50
 Language Learning Tips

1. Conversation, Conversation, Conversation. The only secret to

learning a new language. The reason is that language is something
that needs to be processed, not memorized.
2. Language requires a lot of repetition, a lot of reference experiences,
and a consistent commitment.
3. Start with the most common words and then make sentences with
them over and over again. Learn just enough grammar to be able to
do this and do it until you feel comfortable with all ofthem.
4. Carry a pocket dictionary. This will make a huge difference in
learning.
5. You may say a lot of wrong things. Accept it. Absolutely there is no
harm.
6. Figure out pronunciation patterns.
i. All words that end in 'ya' in kokborok indicate a negative
answer.
ii. Most words are same. For example 'bahai' is used for both how
and smell. But the tone is what differentiates them. In kokborok
Say 'bahai' in a interrogative tone when saying how (stress on
'ba') and when saying smell(stress on 'hai')
7. After learning the common words, focus on becoming conversational.
Studies have shown that the most common 100 words in any
language account for 50% of all spoken communication.
8. “How do you say X?” is the most important sentence you can
possibly learn. Learn it early and use it often.

51
9. When you learn a new word, try to use it a few times right
away.When you stop and look up a new word in conversation, make a
point to use it in the next two or three sentences you say. Language
learning studies show that you need to hit a certain amount of
repetitions of saying a word within one minute of learning it, one hour
of learning it, one day, etc.
10. Most people are helpful, let them help.
11. These are the phases you go through. First, you're able to speak a little
and understand nothing. Then you're able to understand far more than
you speak. Then you become conversational, but it requires quite a bit
of mental effort. After that, you're able to speak and understand
without conscious mental effort (i.e., you don't have to translate words
into your native tongue in your mind). Once you're able to speak and
listen without thinking about it, you'll begin to actually think in the new
language.
12. Finally, find a way to make it fun. As with anything, if you're going to
stick to it, you have to find a way to make it fun.

52