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T-20 –CBSE-PHYSICS

NCERT- BOOK 1

CLASS XII

Sure Shot Questions for Session 2023-24

Based on latest CBSE Physics Syllabus

Prepared by Dr.Mukesh Shrimali

16, Chhoti Bharmpuri

Udaipur- 313001

Contact Number-9829506431

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Professional Summery and Executive Profile

Dr. Mukesh Shrimali having 25 years of experience of administration and teaching in
CBSE schools holds a Bachelors degree in Science from College of Science,
Mohan Lal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Masters in Computer Application (M.C.A.)
Masters in Physics (Digital Electronics) and Ph.D Using Operation Research
techniques in a topic “Optimum Utilization of Human resources and mining
machinery” with hybrid branches Computer Science , Engineering and Management
under faculty of Commerce .He did his M.Tech in Electronics and Communication,
,M.B.A. in Marketing and H.R. with dual specialization from Sukhadia University. and
PGDMSM with University First position. To understand Education System and
Psychological aspect of senior students, he did his B.Ed form M.L.S.University and
M.Ed from Sighania university. He is a recipient of the International achiever
Award for outstanding achievement and contribution to Excellence in
education 2011 at Singapore from Chamber of Commerce and Industries,
Singapore and Malaysia.

On Esteemed invitation of Prime minister of Japan, Ministry of H.R.D. New Delhi

selected him to visit Japan and its educational system for culture exchange
program(JENESYS ) for 15 days in the year 2010. His name has been approved for
10th Mission to China for state education Departments by India China Alliance Centre
(ICAC). Shanghai, China, which focuses on promoting Sino-Indian bilateral trade, investment
and cultural co-operation.
University of Hull, UK invited him in 2nd International Conference for Principals and
Senior teachers , for his presentation on Excellence in Education. The topic of the
Conference is “ALL OUR FUTURE “
To Analyse Indian Education System and to observe Teaching plan and lessons Olchfa
Group of Institution , Wales ,UK invited him to Swansea , Wales, UK He was also awarded
Olchfa Merit Award for excellence in education 2012.

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To Study the Rapid Growth of Infrasturture at Dubai, UAE and to study Al Nikhil
Project of UAE ,The famous Pam Jumera Project , He was selected for Dubai Visits
with nearly 70 students of Pacific University in March 2014

Singapore is considered to be the upcoming international hub for education. He

visited National University of Singapore in 2015.
To study Business and education of Hongkong, He visited School and University of
Hongkong as well in 2016.
To attain PLP (Principal Leadership Prog.) at University of Wales, He visited London
in October 2017.
To attain international conference ICCESA-23, Science-Net invited him to Berlin
Germany in 2023
T-20 is a unique concept of preparation for CBSE Board exam with Top 20 most important questions
including MCQ, Reason-assertion, CASE STUDY and subjective questions including previous year
questions. This concept was developed by Dr. Mukesh Shrimali and you can also visit our
website knowledgeuniverseonline.com. for CBSE practical’s, MCQ practice etc

Electrostatics

T-20 of Electric charge and Field

Electrostatics- 2023-24
Model paper based on new pattern by Dr. Mukesh Shrimali
Multiple Choices Questions:
Q1. An electric dipole placed in a non uniform electric field can experience
(A) A force but not a torque (B) a torque but no force
(C) always force and torque (D) neither force nor torqe
Q2. A charge q is placed at the centre of the line joining two equal charges Q. The
system of three charges will be in equilibrium if q=
(a) –Q/2 (b) –Q/4
(c) -4Q (d) +Q/2
Q3. Which one of the following statement regarding electrostatics is wrong ?

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(A) Charge is quantized

(B) Charge is conserved
(C) There is an electric field near an isolated charge at rest
(D) A stationary charge produces both electric and magnetic fields
Q4. Two point charges A and B , having charges +q and –q are placed at certain distance apart
and force acting between them is F. If 25% charge of A is transfer to B,then force between the
charges becomes
(A) F (B) 9F/16 (C) 16F/3 (D) 4F/3
1
Q5. In M.K.S. System, equals -
4 0

(A) 9 × 109 N-m2/C2 (B) 1 N-m2/C2

(C) 1 dyne - cm2 / stat C2 (D) 9 × 109 dyne × cm2 / stat C2
Q6. When the distance between two charged particle is halved, and we introduce medium of
dielectric constant 10 , the force between them becomes -
(A) 1/4 (B) 1/2
(C) 4/10 (D) Four times
Q7. A certain charge Q is divided at first into two parts, (q) and (Q–q). Later on the charges are
placed at a certain distance. If the force of interaction between the two charges is maximum
then-
(A) (Q/q) = (4/1) (B) (Q/q) = (2/1) (C)(Q/q) = (3/1) (D) (Q/q) = (5/1)
Q8. A point charge situated at a distance r from a short electric dipole experience force F. If the
distance of the charges is 2r the force on the charge will be
(A) F/16 (B) F/8 (C) F/4 (D) F/2
Q9. Three equal charges (q) are placed at corners of a equilateral triangle. The force on any charge
 1 
is-  K  
 4 0 

Kq 2 Kq 2 Kq 2
(A) Zero (B) 3 2
(C) (D) 3 3
a 3a 2 a2
Q10. Two point charges q1 =1micro coulomb and q2= 4 micro coulomb are placed 2 m apart in air. At
what distance from q1 along the line joining the two charges,will the net electric field be zero
(A) 2 m (B) 4/3 m (C) 2/3 m (D) 1 m

Q11. Unit of electric field intensity is Newton/Coulomb. The other unit of this can be-
(A) Vm (B) Vm2 (C) V/m (D) V/m2
Q12. Six charges +Q each are placed at the corners of a regular hexagon of side (a), the electric
field at the centre of hexagon is-
1 6Q 2 1 Q2 1 6Q 2
(A) Zero (B) . (C) . (D) .
4 0 a 2 4 0 a 2 4 0 a 2

Q13. The tangent drawn at a point on a line of electric force shows the-
(A) intensity of gravity field
(B) intensity of magnetic field
(C) intensity of electric field
(D) direction of electric field

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Q14. If three electric dipoles are placed in some closed surface, then the electric flux emitting from
the surface will be-
(A) zero (B) positive (C) negative (D) None
Q15. A charge of Q coulomb is located at the centre of a cube. If the corner of the cube is taken as
the origin, then the flux coming out from the faces of the cube in the direction of X- axis will
be-
(A) 4 Q (B) Q/6 0 (C) Q/3 0 (D) Q/4 0
Q16. A charge q is inside a closed surface and charge – q is outside. The out going electric flux is-
(A) – q/0 (B) zero (C) q/0 (D) 2q/0
Q17. Which one of the following diagrams shows the correct lines of force ?

(A) + (B) +

+ –

(C) (D)
– +

Q18. A hollow sphere of charge does not produce an electric field at any-
(A) Interior point (B) Outer point (C) Surface point (D) None of the
above
Q19. A charge (q) is located at one corner of a cube. The total electric flux through the cube is-
q q q q
(A) (B) (C) (D)
o 24 o 6 o 8 o

Q20. Three charges q1 = 1µC, q2 = 2 µC and q3 = –3 µC and four surfaces S1, S2, S3 and S4 are
shown. The flux emerging through surface S2 in N-m2 / C is -

S3
q1 q3
q2
S1
S2
S4
(A) 36 × 10 3
(B) –36 × 103 (C) 36 × 109 (D) –36 × 109

MCQ
1 c 2 b 3 d 4 B 5 a
6 c 7 b 8 b 9 b 10 c
11 C 12 a 13 d 14 a 15 c
16 c 17 b 18 a 19 D 20 b

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Read the assertion and reason carefully to mark the correct option out of the options given
below :
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the
assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of the
assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If the assertion and reason both are false.
(e) If assertion is false but reason is true.
1. Assertion : The coulomb force is the dominating force in the universe.
Reason : The coulomb force is weaker than the gravitational force.
2. Assertion : A negative charge in an electric field moves along direction of the electric
field
Reason :On negative charge force acts in the direction of the electric field
3. Assertion : A metallic shield in form of a hollow shell may be built to block an
electric field.
Reason : In a hollow spherical shield, the electric field inside it is zero at every point.

4. Assertion : Electrons move away from a low potential to high potential region.
Reason : Because electrons has negative charge
5. Assertion : Total flux from closed surface is zero if no charge is enclosed by a surface
Reason : Gauss law is true only for any closed surface, no matter what is its size or
shape
6. Assertion : In a non Uniform electric field, a dipole will have translator as well as
rotatory motion
Reason : In a non uniform electric field, dipole experiences a force as well as torque
7. Assertion : Electric lines of force cross each other.
Reason : Electric field at a point superimpose to give one resultant electric field.
[AIIMS 1995]
8. Assertion : If a proton and an electron are placed in the same uniform electric field.
They experience different acceleration.
Reason : Electric force on a test charge is independent of its mass. [AIIMS 1994]
9. Assertion : Dielectric breakdown occurs under the influence of an intense light beam.
Reason : Electromagnetic radiations exert pressure.
10. Assertion : When charges are shared between any two bodies, no charge is really lost,
but some loss of energy does occur.
Reason : Some energy disappears in the form of heat, sparking etc.
11. Assertion : Annihilation of electron and positron is an example of decay of charges.
Reason : In the process of annihilation an electron and a positron combine to give a
gamma particle.
12. Assertion : Total charge of an isolated system is always conserved in all types of
reaction.
Reason : Charges cannot create or destroyed it only transfer from one system to other.
13. Assertion : The capacity of a given conductor remains same even if charge is varied
on it.

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Reason : Capacitance depends upon nearly medium as well as size and shape of
conductor.
14. Assertion : All the charges in a conductor gets distributed on whole of its outer surface
Reason : In a dynamic system, charges try to keep their potential energy minimum
15. Assertion : Charge is invariant.
Reason : Charge does not depends on speed of frame of reference.
16. Assertion : Mass of ion is slightly differed from its element.
Reason : Ion is formed, when some electrons are removed or added so mass changes.
17. Assertion : Charge is quantized
Reason : Charge, which is less than 1 C is not possible
18. Assertion : If a point charge q is placed in front of an infinite grounded conducting
plane surface, the point charge will experience a force.
Reason : This force is due to the induced charge on the conducting surface which is at
zero potential.
19. Assertion : The surface charge densities of two spherical conductors of different radii
are equal. Then the electric field intensities near their surface are also equal.
Reason : Surface charge density is equal to charge per unit area.
20. Assertion : Three equal charges are situated on a circle of radius r such that they form
on equilateral triangle, then the electric field intensity at the centre is zero.
Reason :The force on unit positive charge at the centre, due to the three equal
charges are represented by the three sides of a triangle taken in the same order.
Therefore, electric field intensity at centre is zero.

Assertion and Reason

1 D 2 D 3 a 4 A 5 a
6 a 7 E 8 b 9 B 10 b
11 E 12 A 13 a 14 A 15 a
16 A 17 C 18 a 19 b 20 a

Subjective questions:
Q.1 (a)Draw the lines of forces due to pair [+ q, –q] of charges.
(b) Sketch the electric field lines for two charges q1 and q2 for q1= q2 and q1> q2.
Q.2 (a)Five thousand lines of force enter a certain volume of space and three thousand lines
emerge from it. What is the total charge in coulomb within this volume
(b) Charge q is placed at center of cube. Find electric flux coming out from it. What will be
flux from one of the surface? Is there any change in value of flux if we replace charge with
dipole?
(c) How does the electric flux due to point charge enclosed by a spherical Gaussian surface
get affected when its radius is increased ?
Q.3 (a)Define Electric dipole .What do you mean by ideal dipole? Write unit of dipole moment
(b) What will be angle between the directions of electric field at any axial point and equatorial
point due to dipole.
Q.4 (a) If coulomb’s law involved 1/r3 dependence , would Gauss’s law be still true?

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^ ^
(b)Given E = 200 i for x => 0 and E = – 200 i for x = < 0. A right circular cylinder of length
20 cm and radius 5 cm has its centre at the origin and its axis along the axis.

(a) What is flux through each face?

(b) What is flux through the side of the cylinder?.
(c) What is net charge inside the cylinder?

OR
The electric field components in Fig. are E x   x , E z  0, in which given by
1/ 2

  800 N/Cm 2 . Calculate (i) the flux φ E through the cube and (ii) the charge within the
cube. Assume that a = 0.1 m

Q.5 (a)State Gauss’s theorem. Use it to find electric field due to  long straight uniformly charged
wire of linear charge density.
(b) State Gauss’s Theorem. Prove that electric field due to infinite thin sheet of charge is σ/2ε o
c) A thin straight infinitely long conducting wire having charge density λ is enclosed by a
cylindrical surface of radius r and length l , its axis coinciding with the length of the wire. Find
the expression for the electric flux through the surface of the cylinder.

Q.6 (a)Is electric lines of force given in the diagram is possible or not

(b) “An electric line of force is a continuous curve. It can not have sudden breaks”. Why it is
so ?

(c) A metallic solid sphere is placed in a uniform electric field. Out of four possible lines of
forces 1,2,3,4 which one will represent correct representation of path of lines of force and
why?

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1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4

Q.7 (a)A particle of mass m and charge (–q) enters the region between the two charge plates show
qE L2
that vertical deflection y 
2m vx2
(b) Explain why electric lines of forces never cross each other?
Q.8 (a)Define dielectric constant of a medium. Give its SI unit. What is value of dielectric
constant for a metal ?
(b) Why Water has much greater dielectric constant than mica ?
(b) What do you mean by linear, surface and volume charge density? Give their SI uint. A
metallic spherical shell has an inner radius R1 and outer radius R2. A charge Q is placed at the
center of spherical cavity. What will be surface charge density on (i) inner surface (ii) outer
surface ?
Q9. An electric dipole is placed is held in uniform electric field
(a) Show that the net force on it is zero
(b) The dipole is aligned parallel to the field. Find the work done in rotating it through the
angle of 1800
(c) If Dipole moment is 4×10-9 cm placed at 300 with electric field of magnitude 5×104 N/C
Calculate magnitude of torque acting on dipole.

Q.10 (a) An infinite long positively charged straight wire has a linear charge density λ . an electron
is revolving around the wire as its center with constant velocity in a circular plane
perpendicular to the wire. Deduce expression for its kinetic energy.
(b) Plot a graph of the kinetic energy as a function of charge density
Q.11 (a) Five point charges, each of value + q, are placed on five vertices of a regular hexagon of
side L. Calculate The magnitude of the force on a point charge of value – q placed at the
center of the hexagon .
(b) q and 4q charges are placed d distance apart. At what distance apart another charge Q be
placed from q so that force on it will be zero?
Q.12 (a)Show that inside a conductor, electrostatic field is zero but potential is not zero
(b)Show that the normal component of electro static field has a dis-continuity from one side

of a charged surface( having surface charge density δ to another given by E 2  E1 . n 
^

o
Q.13 (a)What do you mean by quantization and conservation of charge ? Explain with examples
(b) How one can ignore quantisation of electric charge when dealing with microscopic or
large scale charges ?
Q.14 (a)An proton and electron are placed freely in an electric field. Which of the particles will
have greater acceleration and why ?
(b) Two insulated charged copper spheres A and B have their centers separated by a distance
of 50 cm. What is mutual force of electrostatics repulsion. If charge on each of them is 65
micro coulomb. What will be new force if if double the charge and and distance between
them is reduced to half.

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(c ) Suppose the sphere A and B in above question have identical sizes .A third sphere of the
same size but uncharged is brought in contact with the first , then brought in contact with the
second and finally removed from both. What is the force of repulsion between them ?
Q.15 (a) Explain how one can find electric field on Axial and equatorial line of electric
dipole.
(b) Find expression for torque experienced by dipole placed in electric field. An electric
dipole of length 2 cm is placed with its axis making an angle of
60o to a uniform electric field of 105 NC–1 If it experiences a torque is 8 3
Nm, calculate the
(i) magnitude of the charge on the dipole, and
(ii) potential energy of the dipole. What are condition of stable and unstable equilibrium.
Q16.. (a) Newton/ Coulomb is SI unit of which physical quantity?
(b)Find Expression for electric field due to charged circular ring of radius r and linear surface
charge density λ
(c) A conductor A with cavity is given charge Q. Show that the entire charge must appear on
the outer surface. Can we use same technique to shield sensitive instrument form strong
electrostatics field in its environment.
Q17. (a)State and prove coulombs law using Gauss’s theorem
(b)An infinite line charge produces an electric field of 9× 104 N/C at a distance of 2 cm.
Calculate the linear charge density
Q18 .(a)Name the system for which electric field at distances 1cm,2cm and 3 cm are in the ratio 1:
1/8: 1/27
(b) An electron falls through a distance of 1.5 cm in a uniform electric field of magnitude 2.4
× 104 NC–1 (Fig. (a)). The direction of the field is reversed keeping its magnitude unchanged
and a proton falls through the same distance (fig. (b)) Compute the time of fall in each case.
Contrast the situation (a) with that of ‘free fall under gravity’.

Q19. (a)Three small sphere each carrying charge q are placed on the circumference of a circle of
radius r to form an equilateral triangle. Find the electric field at the center of circle.
 
(b) An electric dipole with moment P is placed in a uniform electric field of intensity E .

Write the expression for the torque  experienced by the dipole. Identify two pairs of
perpendicular by the dipole. Identify two pairs of perpendicular vectors in the expression.

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Show diagrammatically the orientation of the dipole in the field for which the torque is (i)
maximum (ii) half the maximum value (iii) Zero.
Q20. (a)A hollow charged conductor has a tiny hole cut in to its surface show that electric field in
the hole is σ/2Є0(Prove that if we remove only small portion of charged hollow sphere then
electric field outside will reduce to half .)
(b) An electric charge of 8.8510-13 C is placed at the centre of sphere of radius 1m. What is
the total electric flux linked with the sphere? How will the electric flux change if another
equal and opposite charge is introduced at a distance of (i) 0.5 m from the centre (ii) 1.5 m
from the centre.

1. Case Study-Dipole
Following questions are Case Study based questions and are compulsory. Each question carries 1
mark. Attempt any one of following

Electric Dipole
It consist of two equal and opposite charges separated by finite distance known as electric length
denoted by 2a .The strength of electric dipole is explained by dipole moment denoted by p. It is a
vector quantity its direction is always from negative charge to positive charge. All the results are
usually expressed in terms of dipole moment for dipole.
1. An electric dipole of dipole moment p is lying along a uniform electric field E. The
work done in rotating the dipole by 1800 is-
A. 2pE
B. pE
C. Zero
D. pE/2
2. An electric dipole is placed at an angle of 300 with an electric field intensity 2×105
N/C. It experiences a
torque equal to 4Nm. The charge on the dipole if dipole length is 2 cm is
A. 5mC
B. 7µC
C. 8mC
D. 2mC
3. Relation of electric field on axial line and equitorial line of dipole will be
A. Eaxial = E equitorial
B. Eaxial = 2E equitorial
C. Eaxial = E equitorial/2
D. No relation
4. Which statement is true for electric dipole
A. Electric field due to dipole is constant
B. Electric field due to dipole varies inversely with distance
C. Electric field due to dipole varies inversely with square of distance
D. Electric field due to dipole varies inversely with cube of distance
5. The symmetry of electric field due to dipole is
A. Linear
B. Spherical
C. Elliptical
D. Cylindrical

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CASE STUDY QUESTIONS with answers

ELECTROSTATICS PART 1

CASE STUDY 1
1. Photocopiers work on the principle that ‘opposites attract’. Toner is a powder that is
used to create the printed text and images on paper. The powder is negatively charged,
and so it is attracted to something positive – the paper. The drum, which is located in
the heart of a photocopier, is positively charged using static electricity. An image of
the master copy is transferred onto the drum using a laser. The light parts of the image
(the white areas on a piece of paper) lose their charge so become more negative, and
the black areas of the image (where the text is) remain positively charged.

(i) Which of the following figures represent the electric field lines due to a single negative
charge?

(ii) Consider a region inside which, there are various types of charges but the total charge is
zero. At points outside the region
(a) the electric field is necessarily zero.
(b) the electric field is due to the dipole moment of the charge distribution only.
(c) the dominant electric field is inversely proportional to r3, for large r (distance from
origin).
(d) the work done to move a charged particle along a closed path, away from the region
will not be zero.

(iii) If a body is negatively charged, then it has

(a) excess of electrons
(b) excess of protons
(c) deficiency of electron
(d) deficiency of neutrons
(iv) A charged particle is free to move in an electric field. It will travel
(a) always along a line of force
(b) along a line of force, if its initial velocity is zero
(c) along a line of force, if it has some initial velocity in the direction of an acute angle
with the line of force
(d) none of the above
(v) Which of the following statements is incorrect?
I. The charge q on a body is always given by q = ne, where n is any integer, positive or
negative.
II. By convention, the charge on an electron is taken to be negative.
III. The fact that electric charge is always an integral multiple of e is termed as quantisation of
charge.
IV. The quatisation of charge was experimentally demonstrated by Newton in 1912.
(a) Only I (b) Only II (c) Only IV (d) Only III

1. (i). (b)

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(ii). (c) the dominant electric field is inversely proportional to r3, for large r (distance from
origin).
(iii). (a) excess of electrons
(iv). (b) along a line of force, if its initial velocity is zero
(v). (c) Only IV

CASE- 2
2. Lightning is an electric current. Within a thundercloud way up in the sky, many small bits of ice (frozen
raindrops) bump into each other as they move around in the air. All of those collisions create an electric
charge. After a while, the whole cloud fills up with electrical charges. The positive charges or protons form
at the top of the cloud and the negative charges or electrons form at the bottom of the cloud. Since opposites
attract, that causes a positive charge to build up on the ground beneath the cloud. The grounds electrical
charge concentrates around anything that sticks up, such as mountains, people, or single trees. The charge
coming up from these points eventually connects with a charge reaching down from the clouds and
lightning strikes.

(i) Charge is the property associated with matter due to which it produces and experiences
(a) Electric effects only
(b) Magnetic effects only
(c) Both electric and magnetic effects
(d) None of these

(ii) When some charge is transferred to ...A... it readily gets distributed over the entire surface of ...
A... If some charge is put on ... B..., it stays at the same place. Here, A and B refer to
(a) Insulator, Conductor (b) Conductor, Insulator
(c) Insulator, Insulator (d) Conductor, Conductor

(iii) On charging by conduction, mass of a body may

(a) Increase (b) Decreases
(c) Increase or Decrease (d) None of these

(iv) If one penetrates a uniformly charged spherical cloud, electric field strength
(a) Decreases directly as the distance from the centre
(b) Increases directly as the distance from the centre
(c) Remains constant
(d) None of these

(v) The law, governing the force between electric charges in the cloud is known as
(a) Ampere's law (b) Ohm's law (c) Faraday's law (d) Coulomb's law

Answers
2. (i). (c) both electric and magnetic effects (ii). (b) conductor, insulator
(iii). (c) increase or decrease (iv). (a) decreases directly as the distance from the centre
(v). (d) Coulomb's law

CASE STUDY: 3

3. Neurons maintain different concentrations of certain ions across their cell membranes.
Imagine the case of a boat with a small leak below the wa ter line. In order to keep the
boat afloat, the small amount of water entering through the leak has to be pumped out,
which maintains a lower water level relative to the open sea. Neurons do the same
thing, but they pump out positively charged sodium ions. In addition, they pump in
positively charged potassium ions. Thus there is a high concentration of sodium ions

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present outside the neuron, and a high concentration of potassium ions inside. Thus
sodium channels allow sodium ions through the membrane while potassium channels
allow potassium ions through.

(i) When neuron pump out and in the positive sodium and positive potassium ions
respectively which property
of charge is to be followed
(a) Quantisation of charge (b) Additivity of charges
(c) Conservation of charges (d) Associativity of charge
(ii) Coulomb’s law is true for
(a) Atomic distances (= 10–11 m) (b) Nuclear distances (= 10–15 m)
(c) Charged as well as uncharged particles (d) All the distances

(iii) Electric lines of force about a positive sodium or potassium ions are
(a) Circular anticlockwise (b) Circular clockwise
(c) Radial, inwards (d) Radial, outwards
(iv) Electric flux produced by positive Potassium ions indicates that electric lines are directed
(a) Outwards (b) Inwards (c) Either (a) or (b) (d) None of these
(v) Electric flux over a surface of neuron in an electric field may be
(a) Positive (b) Negative (c) Zero (d) All of the above

ANSWERS 3. (i). (c) Conservation of charges (ii). (a) atomic distances

(iii). (d) radial, outwards (iv). (a) outwards (v). (d) All of the above

4. Animals emit low frequency electric fields due to a process known as osmoregulation. This
process allows the concentration of ions (charged atoms or molecules) to flow between the
inside of our bodies and the outside. In order for our cells to stay intact, the flow of ions
needs to be balanced. But balanced doesn't necessarily mean equal. The concentration o f ions
within a shrimp’s body is much lower than that of the sea water it swims in. Their voltage, or
potential difference generated between the two concentrations across "leaky" surfaces, can
then be measured.

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(i) The Gaussian surface for ions in the body of animals

(a) can pass through a continuous charge distribution.
(b) cannot pass through a continuous charge distribution.
(c) can pass through any system of discrete charges.
(d) can pass through a continuous charge distribution as well as any system of discrete
charges.

(ii) Gauss's law is valid for

(a) any closed surface (b) only regular close surfaces
(c) any open surface (d) only irregular open surfaces

(iii) The electric field inside a shrimp’s body of uniform charge density is
(a) zero
(b) constant different from zero
(c) proportional to the distance from the curve
(d) None of the above

(iv) If a small piece of linear isotropic dielectric is swallowed by a shrimp and inside the body it is
influenced
by an electric field of strength E, then the polarization P is
(a) independent of E
(b) inversely proportional to E
(c) directly proportional to √𝐸
(d) directly proportional to E

(v) Field due to multiple charges/ions inside Shrimp’s body at a point is found by using
I. superposition principle.
II. Coulomb’s law.
III. law of conservation of charges.
(a) I and II
(b) II and III
(c) I and III
(d) I, II and III
ANSWERS4. (i). (d) can pass through a continuous charge distribution as well as any system of
discrete charges. (ii). (a) any closed surface (iii). (a) zero
(iv). (d) directly proportional to E (v). (a) I and II

5. Faraday cages shield their contents from static electric fields. An electric field is a force field
surrounding a charged particle, such as an electron or proton. These cages often look
distinctly, well, cage like. Some are as simple as chain-link fences or ice pails. Others use a

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fine metallic mesh. Regardless of their exact appearance, all Faraday cages take electrostatic
charges, or even certain types of electromagnetic radiation, and distribute them around the
exterior of the cage.

(i). Which of the following material can be used to make a Faraday cage?
a) Plastic
b) Glass
c) Copper
d) Wood

(ii). Example of a real-world Faraday cage is

a) Car
b) Plastic box
c) Lightning rod
d) Metal rod

(iii). What is the electrical force inside a Faraday cage when it is struck by lightning?
a) The same as the lightning
b) Half that of the lightning
c) Zero
d) A quarter of the lightning

(iv). An isolated point charge +q is placed inside the Faraday cage. Its surface must have charge equal
to-
a) Zero
b) +q
c) –q
d) +2q

(v). A point charge of 2C is placed at centre of Faraday cage in the shape of cube with surface of 9 cm
edge. The number of electric field lines passing through the cube normally will be-
a) 1.9105 Nm2/C entering the surface
b) 1.9105 Nm2/C leaving the surface
c) 2.0105 Nm2/C leaving the surface
d) 2.0105 Nm2/C entering the surface

ANSWERS
5. (i). (c) Copper (ii). (a) car (iii). (c) zero (iv). (a) -q(v). (b) 1.9105 Nm2/C leaving the surface

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Basic Theory Questions of Coulomb’s law, Electric field and Dipole

1. Sketch the electric field lines for two point charges at d distance when magnitude of
one is greater than other. Explain why two lines cannot cross each other.
2. State Coulomb’s law. Give its vector presentation. Plot a graph showing variation of
F vs 1/r2 What do you mean by superposition principle? How we can apply it for
various charge distributions.
3. Define dielectric constant of a medium. Give its unit and write its value for metals.
4. What do you mean by electrostatics shielding(Faraday Cage )? What is need of it?
5. Define dipole moment of electric dipole. Derive electric field on axial line of electric
dipole. What is angle between the directions of electric field at any
(i) Axial point (ii) Equatorial point due to an electric dipole
6. “Electric charge of a body is conserved”. How can one ignore the quantization of
electric charge when dealing with macroscopic or large scale charges?
7. Plot graph showing variation of coulomb force versus 1/r2 .
8. Explain concept of electric lines of forces Why two electric lines of force can not
intersect .An electrostatics lines is a continuous curve ,it can not have sudden break
,comment
9. An electric dipole is held in a uniform electric field.
(i) Show that net force acting on it is zero.
(ii) The dipole is aligned parallel to the field. Find work done in rotating it through the
angle 1800.
10. A proton and an electron are placed freely in an electric field. Which of the particles
will have greater acceleration and why?
11. Find Electric field due to charged circular ring of radius r on its axis. When will it act
as a point charge?
12. A hollow charged conductor has a tiny hole cut in to its surface show that electric
field in the hole is σ/2Є0
13. Explain following phenomena
(a) “A comb run through dry hair attracts pieces of paper.”
(b) Vehicles carrying inflammable materials usually have metallic ropes touching ground
during motion. Why?
14. The figure shows tracks of three charged particles in a uniform electric field

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Give the sign of three particle which has maximum charge to mass ratio
15. Two charged conducting spheres of radii a and b are connected to each other by a
wire. Find the ratio of the electric fields at their surface

Numerical on Coulomb’s law and Electric field

1. A comb drawn through person’s hair on a dry day causes 1022 electrons to leave the
person’s hair and stick to the comb. Calculate the charge carried by the comb.
2. A polythene piece rubbed with wool is found to have a negative charge of
3.2 × 10–7C (i) Estimate the number of electrons transferred. (ii) Is there a transfer of
mass from wool to polythene?
3. It is now believed that protons and neutrons (which constitute nuclei of ordinary
matter) are themselves built out of more elementary units called quarks. A proton and
a neutron consists of three quarks each. Two types of quarks, the so called ‘up’
quark (denoted by u) charge + (2/3) e, and the ‘down’ quark (denoted by d) of charge
(–1/3) e, together with electrons build up ordinary matter (quarks of other types have
also been found which give rise to different unusual varieties of matter). Suggest a
possible quark composition of a proton and neutron.
4. Calculate coulomb force between two  -particles separated by a distance of 3.2 ×
10–16 m in air. ( Charge on alpha particle is 2e)
5. Calculate the distance between two protons such that the electrical repulsive force
between them is equal to the weight of either.
6. The distance between the electron and proton in hydrogen atom is 5.3 × 10 10–11 m.
Determine the magnitude of the ratio of electrostatic and gravitational force between

them. Give me  9.1 10 31 kg, m p  1.67  1027 kg, e  1.6 1019 and

G  6.67 10 11 Nm2 kg 2 .

7. (a) Two insulated charged copper spheres A and B have their centres separated
by a distance of 50 cm. What is the mutual force of electrostatic repulsion if the
charge on each is 6.5 × 10–7 C? The radii of A and B are negligible compared to the
distance of separation.
(b) What is the force of repulsion if (i) each sphere is charged double the above
amount, and the distance between them in halved. (ii) the two spheres are placed in
what? (Dielectric constant of water = 80).
8. Suppose the spheres A and B in above question have identical sizes. A third sphere
of the same size but uncharged is brought in contact with the first, then brought in
contact with the second, and finally removed from both. What is the new force of
repulsion between A and B?

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9. Two identical charges, Q each, are kept at a distance r from each other. A third
charge q is placed on the line joining the above two charges such that all the three
charges are in equilibrium. What is the magnitude, sign and position of the charge q?
10. Two point electric charges of values q and 2q are kept at a distance d apart from
each other in air. A third charge Q is to be kept along the same line in such a way
that net force acting on q and 2q is zero. Calculate the position of charge Q in terms
of q and d.
11. Two small spheres each having mass m kg and charge q coulomb are suspended
from a point by insulating threads each l metre long but of negligible mass. If  is the
angle, each thread makes with the vertical when equilibrium has been attained, show
that
q 2  (4mgl 2 sin 2  tan  ) 4  0
12. A charge Q is to be divided on two objects. What should be the values of the charges
on the two objects so that the force between the objects can be maximum?
13. What charge would be required to electrify a sphere of radius 25 cm so as to get a
3
surface charge density of Cm 2?

14. A charged spherical conductor has a surface density of 0.7 Cm–2. When its charge is
increased by 0.44 C, the charge density charges by 0.14 Cm–2. Find the radius of the
sphere and initial charge on it.
15. Sixty four drops of radius 0.02 m and each carrying charge of 5 C are combined to
form a bigger drop. Find how the surface density of electrification will change if no
charge is lot.
16. Ten positively charged particles are kept fixed on the X-axis at points x  10 cm, 20
cm, 40 cm, ….., 100 cm. the first particle has a charge 1.0 × 10–8C, the second 8 ×
10–8 C, third 27×10–8C and so on. The tenth particle has a charge 1000 × 10–8 C. Find
the magnitude of the electric force acting on a 1C charge at the origin.
17. Four point charge q A  2 C, qB  5 C, qc  2 C, qD  5 C are located at the

corners of a square ABCD of side 10 cm. What is the force on a charge of 1  C

placed at the centre of the square?
18. A charge of 0.33 × 10–7C is brought in an electric field. It experiences a force of 1.0 ×
10–5 N. Find the intensity of the electric field at this point.
19. An oil drop of mass 5 × 10–5 kg carries a charge Q. The drop is stationary between
two parallel metal plates 25 mm apart with a p.d. of 1000 V between them. Determine
Q. Take g=10 ms–2.

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20. An electron falls through a distance of 1.5 cm in a uniform electric field of magnitude
2.4 × 104 NC–1 (Fig. (a)). The direction of the field is reversed keeping its magnitude
unchanged and a proton falls through the same distance (fig. (b)) Compute the time
of fall in each case. Contrast the situation (a) with that of ‘free fall under gravity’.

Electric Flux and Gauss’s Theorem

Basic Questions
1. State and prove Gauss theorem using Coulomb ‘s law.
2. Find electric field due to infinite long line charge using gauss theorem
3. Fine electric field due to thin spherical charged shell at a point lie (a) Inside (b)
outside. Also draw graph between distance from the center and electric field.
4. Find electric field intensity at a point near thin infinite plane sheet of charge of
charge density σ
5. S1 and S2 are two hollow concentric sphere enclosing charges Q inside S1 and 2Q
outside S1 in S2.
(a) What is ratio of the electric flux through S1 and S2.
(b) How will electric flux will change if medium of dielectric constant 5 is introduced
inside S1.

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6. An early model of an atom considered it to have a positively charges point nucleus of

charge Ze surrounded by a uniform density of negative charge up to a radius R. The
atom as a whole is neutral. For this model, what is the electric field at a distance r
from the nucleus.

Problems-Electric Flux and Gauss’s Theorem


1. If the electric field is given by E  iˆ  4 ˆj  3 kˆ NC1 calculate the electric flux through
a surface of area 100 units lying in the X–Y plane.
2. A circular plane sheet of radius 10 cm is placed in a uniform electric field of 5 × 10 5
NC–1, making an angle of 60o with the field. Calculate electric flux through the sheet.
3. A positive charge of 17.7 C is placed at the centre of a hollow sphere of radius 0.5
m. Calculate the flux density through the surface of the sphere.
4. Five thousand lines of force enter a certain volume of space and three thousand lines
emerge from it. What is the total charge in coulomb within this volume?
5. A point charge + 10 C is a distance 5 cm directly above the centre of a square of
side 10 cm as shown in Fig. What is the magnitude of the electric flux through the
square? (Hint: Think of the spare as face of a cube with edge 10 cm.)
6. A sphere S1 of radius r1 encloses a charge Q. If there is another concentric sphere of
radius r2 (r2 > r1) and there be no additional charges between S1 and S2, find the ratio
of the electric flux through S1 and S2.
7. The electric field components in Fig. are E x    x1 / 2 , E z  0, in which given by

  800 N/Cm 2 . Calculate (i) the flux φ E through the cube and (ii) the charge within
the cube. Assume that a = 0.1 m.

8. A cylinder of large length carries a charge of 2 × 10 –8 Cm–1. Find the electric field at a
distance of 0.2 m from it.
9. What will be flux through one face of cube if charge at the center is q?
10. A closed surface contains one dipole. What will be flux through it?

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T-20 Electrostatic Potential and Capacitor

Based on latest CBSE 2023-24 new pattern by Dr. Mukesh Shrimali

Multiple Choice Questions

Q1. When charge of 3 coulomb is placed in a Uniform electric field , it experiences a
force of 3000 Newton, within this field, potential difference between two points
separated by a distance of 1 cm along electric field is-
(A) 10 Volt (B) 90 Volt
(C) 1000 Volt (D) 3000 Volt.
Q2 A uniform electric field having a magnitude E0 and direction along positive x-axis
exists. If the electric potential(V) is zero at x = 0 then its value at x = + x will be-

(A) Vx = x E0 (B) Vx = –x.E0

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(C) Vx = x2 E0 (D) Vx = x2 E0
Q3. The dimensions of potential difference are -
(A) ML2T–2Q–1 (B) MLT–2Q–1
(C) MT–2Q–2 (D) ML2 T–1 Q–1
Q4 Three equal charges are placed at the three corners of an equilateral triangle as shown
in the figure. The statement which is true for electric potential V and the field
intensity E at the centre of the triangle is-
q

q q
(A) V = 0, E = 0 (B) V = 0, E  0 (C) V  0 , E =0 (D) V  0, E  0

Q5. The earth's surface is considered to be at -

(A) Zero potential (B) Negative Potential (C) Infinite Potential (D)Positive
Potential

Q6. Electric potential is a -

(A) Vector quantity (B) Scalar quantity
(C) Neither vector Nor scalar (D) Fictious quantity

Q7 The electric potential V at any point (x, y, z) in space is given by V = 4x2 volt. The
electric field E (in V/m) at the point (1, 0, 2) is -
(A) +8 in x direction (B) 8 in –x direction
(C) 16 in + x direction (D) 16 in –x direction
Q8 An equipotential surface is that surface -
(A) On which each and every point has the same potential
(B) Which has negative potential
(C) Which has positive potential
(D) Which has zero potential

Q.9 The surface of a conductor -

(A) is a non-equipotential surface
(B) has all the points at the same potential
(C) has different points at different potential
(D) has at least two points at the same potential

Q10 The electron potential (V) as a function of distance (x) [in meters] is given by
V = (5x2 + 10 x – 9)Volt. The value of electric field at x =1m would be-
(A) 20 Volt/m (B) 6 Volt/m (C) 11 Volt/m (D) –23 Volt/m

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Q11 Some equipotential lines are as shown is fig. E1, E2 and E3 are the electric fields at
points 1, 2 and 3 then -

1
2 3

70V
60V
50V 40V 30V20V
(A) E1 = E2 = E3 (B) E1 > E2 > E3 (C) E1 > E2, E2< E3 (D) E1 < E2 < E3

Q12. In the connection shown in the adjoining figures. the equivalent capacity between A
and B will be-

6F
12F
A B
9F 24F

18F

(A) 8F (B) 12F (C) 20F (D) 10 F

Q13. The resultant capacitance between A and B the following figure is equal to-
3F 3F 3F
B C E

2F 2F 3F

A
3F D 3F 3F

(A) 1F (B) 3F (C) 2F (D) 1.5 F

Q14. In the following circuit, the resultant capacitance between A and B is 1F. Then value
of C is-
C 1F
A
8F 6F 4F

2F 2F 12F

B
32 11 23 32
(A) F (B) F (C) F (D) F
11 32 32 23
Q15. The capacitance of a spherical conductor of radius r is proportional to-
(A) r (B) 1/r (C) r2 (D) 1/r3
Q16. Equipotential at a great distance from collection of charges whose total sum is not
zero are approximately

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(A) Sphere (B) Planes (C) Parabloid (D) Ellipsoid

Q17. The energy of a charged conductor is given by the expression-
q2 q2 q2
(A) (B) (C) 2qC (D)
2C C 2C 2
Q18. N spherical drops of mercury of equal radii and possessing equal charges combine to
form a big spherical drop. Then the capacitance of the bigger drop compared to each
individual drop is-
(A) N times (B) N2/3 times (C) N1/3 times (D) N5/3 times
Q19. The capacity of a parallel plate condenser is C. Its capacity when the separation
between the plates is halved will be-
(A) 4C (B) 2C (C) C/2 (D) C/4
Q20. A parallel plate condenser has a capacitance 50F in air and 110 F. When immersed
in an oil. The dielectric constant K of the oil is-
(A) 0.45 (B) 0.55 (C) 1.10 (D) 2.20
Q21. The energy of a charged capacitor resides in
(A) the electric field only- (B) the magnetic field only
(C) both the electric and magnetic field (D) neither in electric nor magnetic field
Q22. If the p.d. across the ends of a capacitor 4F is 1.0 kilovolt. Then its electrical
potential energy will be-
(A) 4 × 10–3ergs (B) 2 ergs (C) 2 joules (D) 4 joules
Q23. A metallic plate of thickness (t) and face area of one side (A) is inserted between the
plates of a parallel plate air capacitor with a separation (d) and face are (A). Then the
equivalent capacitance is -
0 A 0 A 0 A 0 A
(A)  (B) (C) (D)
d (d  t ) (d  t ) (d  t )

Q24. Four plates of the same area A of cross-section are joined as shown in the figure. The
distance between each plate is d. The equivalent capacity across AB will be-

A
B

2 0 A 3 0 A 3 0 A 0A
(A) (B) (C) (D)
d d 2d d
Q25. Three equal capacitors, each with capacitance C are connected as shown in figure.
Then the equivalent capacitance between A and B is -
C C C
A B

(A) C (B) 3C (C) C/3 (D) 3C/2

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Read the assertion and reason carefully to mark the correct option out of the options given
below :
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the
assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of the
assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If the assertion and reason both are false.
(e) If assertion is false but reason is true.
1. Assertion : The capacitance of conductor does not depend on charge given to it
Reason : The capacitance is constant of proportionality
2. Assertion : If three capacitors of capacitance C1 < C2 < C3 are connected in parallel then their
equivalent capacitance Cp > Cs
1 1 1 1
Reason :   
C p C1 C 2 C3

3. Assertion : Capacitor depends on the size and geometry of conductor.

Reason : In a hollow spherical shield, the electric field inside it is zero at every point.
[
4. Assertion : Electric potential is a scalar quntity
Reason : It is closed line integral of electric field and ratio of two scalar quantities
work and charge
5. Assertion : A capacitor can be given only limited amount of charge
Reason : After a limited value of charge, the electric break down occur

6.Assertion : If the distance between parallel plates of a capacitor is halved and

dielectric constant is made three times, then the capacitor becomes 6 times.
Reason : Capacity of the capacitor does not depend upon the nature of the material.
[AIIMS 1997]
7.Assertion : A parallel plate capacitor is connected across battery through a key. A
dielectric slab of constant K is introduced between the plates. The energy which is
stored becomes K times.
Reason : The surface density of charge on the plate remains constant or unchanged.
8.Assertion : Electric field and equipotential surface are always normal
Reason : Electric field at a point superimpose to give one resultant electric field.
9.Assertion : Surface of conductor is always equipotential.
Reason : A conductor contain free electrons which can move freely to equalize
potential
10. Assertion : Dielectric breakdown occurs under the influence of an intense light
beam.
Reason : Electromagnetic radiations exert pressure.
11. Assertion : When charges are shared between any two bodies, no charge is really
lost, but some loss of energy does occur.
Reason : Some energy disappears in the form of heat, sparking etc.
12. Assertion : Electrons move away from a low potential to high potential region.
Reason : Because electrons has negative charge

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13. Assertion : Surface of a symmetrical conductor can be treated as equipotential

surface.
Reason : Charges can easily flow in a conductor.
14. Assertion : The capacity of a given conductor remains same even if charge is
varied on it.
Reason : Capacitance depends upon nearly medium as well as size and shape of
conductor.
15. Assertion : A charged capacitor is disconnected from a battery. Now if its plate are
separated farther, the potential energy will fall.
Reason : Energy stored in a capacitor is equal to the work done in charging it.
Assertion and Reason
1 a 2 c 3 b 4 A 5 a
6 b 7 c 8 a 9 a 10 a
11 a 12 a 13 a 14 A 15 e
16 17 18 19 20

Subjective Questions:
Q.1 (a)Why two equi potential surface can not intersect?
(b) Draw equipotential surface for :
(1) electric Dipole (2) Two identical + ve charges (3) Uniform e– field.

Q
Q.2 (a)Define electrostatic potential. Show that V 
4  oR
(b) Find equivalent capacitance between A and B

2µF
A

1µF
1µF 2µF

B
2µF
Q.3 (a)Find expression of electric potential at any point situated at an angle θ from axial line of
electric dipole at distance r from center.

(b)A parallel plate capacitor each with plate area A and separation d is charged to a potential
difference V. The battery used to charge is disconnected .A dielectric slab of thickness d and
dielectric constant K is now placed between the plates . What change if any ,will take place
in

(a)Charge on the plate (b)Electric field between the plates

(c)Capacitance of the capacitor .
What must be change if battery remain connected ?
Q.4 (a)Represent potential energy between two point charges as separation between them is
increased.
(b)Two condensers of 20 and 30 microfarads are connected in series across a 200 volt
D.C. supply. Find the charge on each condenser ?

Q.5 (a)Show that inside a conductor, electrostatic field is zero but potential is not zero

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(b) If potential across A and B is 100 V what must be energy stored in following combination
of capacitor given in micro F

Q.6 (a)If two similar plates ,each of area A having surface charge densities + σ and – σ are
separated by d distance in air .Write expression for
(i) the electric field at the points between the two plates
(ii) Potential difference between the two plates
(iii) Capacitance of the capacitor so formed
(b) The potential due to charge distribution at a point (x,y) is given by
V= -4x2 + 3y
Calculate electric field in magnitude and direction due to charge distribution at a point (1,1)
Q7. (a)Find equivalent capacitance between A and B if C= 18μF and C1 = 12μF.

(b) Can potential be zero while electric field is not Zero ?

Q.8 (a)A charge 8mC is located at the origin. Calculate the work done in taking a small charge of
-2 x 10-9 c from a point A (0,0,3 cm ) to a point B (0,4,0 ) via a point C (0,6,9 )cm
(b)Two spheres of radius R1 and R2 are at same potential if R1 > R2 compare their surface
charge density.
Q9. (a)How does the Polarized dielectric modify the original external field inside it? Then find
expression between dielectric constant and susceptibility .
(b) For any charge configuration equipotential surface through a point is normal to the electric
field. Justify.
Q.10 (a)Give principle of capacitor? Find expression for its Capacity of parallel plate?
(b) Find expression of capacitance in series and parallel. Give expression of energy stored and
energy density of parallel plate capacitor.
Q11. (a)Two metal plates from a parallel plate capacitor. The distance between the plates is d. A
metal sheet of thickness d/2 and of the same area is introduced between the plates. What is the
ratio of the capacitances in the two cases?
(b)In the following figure, Calculate the total capacitance of the system, then calculate total
charge flowing in the circuit.

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Q12. (a) Three capacitors C1 = 15 F, C2 = 25 F, and C3 = 35 F are connected to a 120 V supply,
as shown in Fig. Determine (i) the equivalent capacitance of the system (ii) charges and
potential differences on C1, C2 and C3.

(b) Draw graph between capacity and dielectric constant of variable value.
Q13. (a)Define potential of point charge. Derive its expression then find electric potential due to
electric dipole at any point. Why potential has same value inside as it has on its surface?
(b) Twenty seven drops of mercury are charged simultaneously to the same potential of 10 V.
What will be the potential if all the charged drops are made to combine to form one large
drop? Assume the drops to be spherical.
(c) Equal charge q is situated at six corners of hexagon of side a. find expression of Potential
at the center of hexagon. What will be electric field at same point ?
Q14. (a)A network of four 10 F capacitors is connected to a 500 V supply as shown in Fig.
Determine (a) the equivalent capacitance of the network, (b) the charge on each capacitor.

(b) Deduce an expression for the potential energy of a system of two charges q1 and q2
brought from infinity to the point in electric field E
Q15.(a)Three equal charges q each are placed at corners A B and C of a at vertices of square of side 2
m calculate electric field at the center of square. What will be potential at that point.
(b) ) A capacitor of unknown capacitance is connected across a battery of V volts. The
charge stored in it is 360 micro coulomb. When potential across the capacitor is reduced by
120V, the charge stored in it becomes 120 μ C.
Calculate (i) the potential V and the unknown capacitance C.
(ii) What will be charge stored in the capacitor if applied voltage has increased by 120V ?

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.Q16. (a) Determine the potential energy of a system containing two charges 7 C and –2 C
separated by a distance of 18 cm. (b) How much work is needed to separated the two charges
infinitely away from each other?
(b)Draw equipotential surface corresponding to
(i) A constant electric field in Z direction (b) a single positive charge at origin
Q17.(a)A cube of side b has a charge q at each of its vertices. Determine the potential and electric
field due to this charge array at the centre of the cube.
(b) Draw a graph showing the variation of electric field and electric potential with distance r
due to a point charge Q
Q18. (a)The electric field at a point due to a point charge is 20 NC–1 and the electric potential at
that point is 10 JC–1. Calculate the distance of the point from the charge and the magnitude of
the charge.
(b)A 4µF condenser is connected in parallel to another condenser of 8µF. Both the condensers
are then connected in series with a 12µF condenser and charged to 20 volts. Find charge on
the plate of 4µF condenser

(c) Find the ratio of the potential differences that must be applied across the parallel and
series combination of two identical capacitor so that the energy stored, in two cases becomes
same.
Q19. (a)Find Expression for capacitance of capacitor if we inserted a dielectric slab of thickness t..
Capacitance will increase or decrease when we replace dielectric slab with metal slab of same
thickness.
(b)Obtain the equivalent capacitance of the network shown in Fig. For a 300 V supply,
determine the charge and voltage across each capacitor.

Q20. (a)Find expression for the energy of parallel plate capacitor, calculate the % change in energy
if the separation between its plates were to be decreased by 10%
(b)Two Capacitor with capacitance C1 and C2 are charged to potential V1 and V2 respectively
and then connected in parallel. Calculate the common potential across the combination , the
charge on each capacitor, the electrostatics energy stored in the system and the change in
electrostatics energy from its initial value.
(c ) A 600 p F capacitor is charged by 200 V supply. It is then disconnected from the supply
and connected to another uncharged 600p F capacitor. How much energy is lost in the process
?

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Additional questions on combinations of capacitor

Case 1. Equipotential Surface

An equipotential surface is a surface with a constant value of potential at all point on the
surface. From the formula of potential V= kq/r if r is constant V is constant.thus
equipotential surface of a single point charge are concentric spherical surfaces centered
at the charge.
1. If a unit positive charge is taken from one point to another over an equipotential
surface then
(a) Work is done on the charge
(b) Work is done by the charge
(c) Work done is constant
(d) No work is done
2. Equipotential surfaces associated with an electric field which is increasing in
magnitude along the x direction are
(a) Planes parallel to yz plane
(b) Planes parallel to xy plane
(c) Planes parallel to xz plane
(d) Coaxial cylinders of increasing radii around the x axis
3. What is not true for equipotential surface for uniform electric field
(a) Equipotential surface is flat
(b) Equipotential surface is spherical
(c) Electric lines of forces are perpendicular to equipotential surface
(d) Work done is zero

4. What we can say from following

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(a) Electric field is maximum at C

(b) Electric field is maximum at A
(c) Electric field is equal for all
(d) Electric field is zero at all points

5. Value of Electric field from following information will be

1. 100V/m (b) 200V/m ( c) 300V/m (d) 400V/m

CASE STUDY :

Q16.
In the diagram (given below) the broken lines represent the paths followed by particles W,X,
Y and Z respectively through the constant field E. The numbers below the field represents
meters-

Z W

0 1 2 3 4 5

Q.1 If the particles begin and end at rest, and all are positively charged, the same amount of work
was done on which particles.
(A) W and Z (B) W, Y and Z
(C) Y and Z (D) W, X, Y and Z

Q.2 If the particles started from rest and all are positively charge which particles must have been
acted upon by a force other than that produced by the electric field.
(A) W and Y (B) X and Z
(C) X,Y and Z (D) W, X,Y and Z

Q.3 If the particles are positively charged, which particles increased their electrical potential
energy -
(A) X and Z

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(B) Y and Z
(C) W, X, Y and Z
(D) Since the electric field is constant none of the particles increased their electrical potential
energy.

Q4. Work done on particle x will be

(A) Zero
(B) Infinity
(C) Positive
(D) Negative

Q5 If these lines represent electric lines of force which of them is not possible
(A) X
(B) Y
(C) Z
(D) W
(E) CASE HISTORY QUESTIONS
(F) Vivek was studying in his room. Suddenly he observed that the speed of his fan was
going on decreasing from last two days. His father explained that there is a device in
fan which maintain the speed. Read the following questions and answer:
(G) Question No.1: Name the device used.
(H) Question No.2: Explain the principle of device.
(I) His father also explained that how the device is connected in circuit. His father also
told that AC circuit becomes inductive when this device is connected in circuit. A
phase difference arises due to which leads to generate rotating magnetic fields and
hence produce torque to rotor for rotating.
(J) Question No.3: How capacitor is connected in circuit?
(K) Question No.4: What is the function of capacitor in ceiling fan?
(L) Question No.5: why capacitor start motors are not available in large size?
(M)
(N)
(O) Case Study Questions:
(P) Answer1: Capacitor
(Q) Answer2: A capacitor works on the principle that the capacitance of a conductor
increases appreciably when an earthed conductor is brought near it. Hence,
a capacitor has two plates separated by a distance having equal and opposite charges.
(R) Answer3: Two phases are needed to produce the rotating magnetomotive force (MMF)
but we have only one phase due to single phase AC supply in our homes. Therefore, we
need an additional phase to start these kind of motors. We obtain the second phase by
adding a capacitor in series with the starting wind of a ceiling fan motor.

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(S) Answer4: We add a capacitor in series with the starting wind. Current lags 45° behind the
current (or voltage leads by 45 degree from the current) in the running winding due to
capacitance. The starting winding has high resistance and low inductive reactance and the
resultant AC resistance equal to the capacitive reactance (XC).
(T) This way, the resultant current flowing in the circuit is 90° out of phase. It means we got
two different alternating phases which leads to generate a rotating magnetic fields and the
produced torque start rotating the rotor.
(U) Answer5: Starting wind, small in size only helps to produce the phase shift (low torque)
to start the motor, therefore capacitor start motors are not available in large sizes.
Parallel plate capacitor
A capacitor is an arrangement of two conductors separated by an insulating medium that

is used to store charge and

electric energy. Capacitance of an insulated conductor is considerably increased when we place an
earth connected conductor near it

1. If capacity of capacitor of diagram (a) is C then what will be capacitance of (b)

(i) Cb= KC (ii) Cb= C/2K (iii) Cb= 2KC (iv) None of above

2. What will be capacity of (c )

(i) Cc =C(1+K)/2 (ii) Cc= C+1/K (iii) Cc =KC/2 (iv) Cc= C/K
3. When we insert dielectric Capacitance will
(i) Increase (ii) decrease (iii) Remain same (iv) become Infinite
4. Four plates of the same area A of cross-section are joined as shown in the figure. The
distance between each plate is d. The equivalent capacity across AB will be-

A
B

2 0 A 3 0 A 3 A 0A
(i) (ii) (iii) 0 (iv)
d d 2d d
5. Which of the following is not use of capacitor
(i) To produced electric field
(ii) To store electric energy

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(iii) To produce oscillation

(iv) To produce magnetic field

Basic questions of Electric Potential

1. Derive an expression for the electric potential at a point due to an electric dipole.
2. Establish relation between electric field and potential gradient
3. What do you mean by mutual potential energy. Derive expression for mutual potential
energy of three charge particle system.

Potential Problems
1. The work done is moving a charge of 3 C between two points is 6J. What is the
potential difference between the two points?
2. The electric potential at 0.9 m from a point charge is +50 V. What is the magnitude
and sign of the charge?
3. A metal wire is bent in a circle of radius 10 cm. it is given a charge of 200C which
spreads on it uniformly. Calculate the electric potential at its centre.
4. The electric field at a point due to a point charge is 20 NC–1 and the electric potential
at that point is 10 JC–1. Calculate the distance of the point from the charge and the
magnitude of the charge.
5. A charge of 24C is given to a hollow metallic sphere of radius 0.2 m. Find the
potential.
(i) at the surface of the sphere, and
(ii) at a distance of 0.1 cm from the centre of the sphere.
6. Twenty seven drops of mercury are charged simultaneously to the same potential of
10 V. What will be the potential if all the charged drops are made to combine to form
one large drop? Assume the drops to be spherical.
7. Find the potential at centre of square having charges

2 10 9 C,  110 9 C,  2 10 9 C at the four corners. The side of the square is 2 m.
8. A cube of side b has a charge q at each of its vertices. Determine the potential and
electric field due to this charge array at the centre of the cube.
9. A regular hexagon of side 10cm has a charge of 5 C at each of its vertices.
Calculate the potential at the centre of the hexagon.
10. A charge of 8 mC is located at the origin. Calculate the work done in taking a small
charge of –2 × 10–9C from a point P (0, 0, 3 cm) to a point Q (0, 4 cm, 0) via a pint R
(0, 6 cm, 9 cm).

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11. Four charges +q, +q –q and –q are placed respectively at the corners A, B, C and D
of a square of side ‘a’ arranged in the given order. Calculate the electric potential at
the centre O. if E and F are the midpoints of sides BC and CD respectively, what will
be the work done in carrying a charge ‘e’ from O to E and from O to F.
12. Find the electric field between two metal plates 3 mm apart, connected to 12 V
battery.
13. If the potential in the region of space around the point (–1m, 2m, 3m) is given by
V  (10 x 2  5 y 2  3z 2 ) volt, calculate the three components of electric field at this
point.
14. (a) Determine the potential energy of a system containing two charges 7 C and –2
C separated by a distance of 18 cm. (b) How much work is needed to separated the
two charges infinitely away from each other?
15. Two positive point charges of 0.2 C and 0.01 C are place 10 cm apart. Calculate
the work done in reducing the distance to 5 cm.
16. Four charges are arranged at the centre of a square ABCD of side d as shown in Fig.
(i) Find the work required to put together this arrangement. (ii) A charge q 0 is brought
to the centre E of the square, the four charges being held fixed at its corners. How
much extra work is needed to do this?
17. An electric dipole of length 2 cm is placed with its axis making an angle of 60o to a

uniform electric field of 105 NC–1 If it experiences a torque is 8 3 Nm, calculate the
(i) magnitude of the charge on the dipole, and
(ii) potential energy of the dipole.
18. An infinite plane sheet of charge density 10–8 Cm–2, is held in air. In this situation how
far apart are two equipotential surfaces, whose p.d. is 5V.
19. A Charge Q is distributed over two concentric hollow spheres of radii r and R where
R> such that the surface charge densities are equal. Find the potential at the
common centre.
Problems on Equipotential Surface-
20. Show that amount of work done in moving a test charge on equipotential surface is
zero.
21. Calculate the amount of work done to move 5 micro coulomb charge on the
circumference of circle of radius 1 m if 2 micro coulomb charge is kept at the centre
of it.
22. Sketch equipotential surface for 1. Uniform electric field. 2. Positive point charge
3. Two equal and opposite charges separated by finite distance
23. Show that surface of conductor is equipotential.
24. What is work done in the field of nucleus in a complete circular orbit of the electron.
What will happen if orbit is elliptical ?
25. Describe schematically the equipotential surfaces corresponding to
(i) a constant electric field in the Z direction
(ii) a field that uniformly increases in magnitude but remains in a constant direction
(iii) A uniform grid consisting of long equally spaced parallel charged wires in a plane

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Capacitor- Theory

1. What do you mean by parallel plate capacitor? Find expression for its Capacity?
2. Define electric capacitance of a conductor. On which factors does it depends.
3. Why does the capacitor of a conductor increases when an earth connected
conductor is placed near it?
4. If three capacitor are connected in series/parallel what will be ratio of capacity?
5. Derive expression for the energy stored in capacitor then derive expression for
energy density.
6. Find Expression for capacitance of capacitor if we inserted a dielectric slab of
thickness t.
Capacitor- Numerical
1. Can a metal sphere of radius 1 cm hold a charge of 1 coulomb? Justify your answer.
2. Twenty seven spherical drops of radius 3 mm and carrying 10–12 C of charge are
combined to form a single drop. Find the capacitance and the potential of the bigger
drop.
3. An isolated sphere has a capacitance 50 pF. (i) Calculate its radius. (ii) How much
charge should be placed on it to raise its potential to 104 V?
4. What is the area of the plates of a 2 F parallel plate capacitor? Given that the
separation between the plates is 5 mm.
5. Three capacitors of 2F, 3F, and 4F are connected together (i) in series and (ii) in
parallel. Find the equivalent capacitance in each case.
6. Three capacitors of equal capacitance, when connected in series have net
capacitance C1, and when connected in parallel have net capacitance C2. What is the
value of C1/C2?

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7. What is the capacitance of arrangement of 4 plates of area A at distance d in air in

Fig.

8. What is the capacitance of arrangement of 4 plates of area A at distance d in air in

Fig.

9. How will you connect four capacitors, each of capacitance 1 F to obtain a net
capacitance of 0.75 F ? Draw a diagram to show the combination.
10. Connect three capacitors of 3 F, 3 F and 4 F such that their equivalent
capacitance is 5F.
11. An electrical technician requires a capacitance of 2 F in a circuit across a potential
difference of 1 kV. A large number of 1 F capacitors are available to him each of
which can withstand a potential difference of net more than 400 V. Suggest a
possible arrangement that requires a minimum number of capacitors.
12. Three capacitors each of capacitance 9 pF are connected in series. (a) What is the
total capacitance of the combination? (b) What is the potential difference across each
capacitor when the combination is connected to a 120 V supply?
13. Three capacitors of capacitances 2 pF, 3 pF and 4 pF are connected in parallel. (a)
What is the total capacitance of the combination? (b) Determine the charge on each
capacitor if the combination is connected to a 100 V supply.
14. Obtain the equivalent capacitance of the network shown in Fig. For a 300 V supply,
determine the charge and voltage across each capacitor.

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15. A network of four 10 F capacitors is connected to a 500 V supply as shown in Fig.

Determine (a) the equivalent capacitance of the network, (b) the charge on each
capacitor.

16. Four capacitors are connected as shown in the Fig. Calculate the equivalent
capacitance between the points X and Y.

17. Calculate the equivalent capacitance between the points A and B of the circuit given
below:

18. If C1 = 3 pF and C2 = 2 pF, calculate the equivalent capacitance of the given network
between points A and B.
19. From the network shown in Fig. Find the value of the capacitance C if the equivalent
capacitance between point A and B is to be 1 F. All the capacitances are in F
Value of C7 is 8F.

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20. Five capacitors of capacitance 10 F each are connected with each other, as shown
in Fig. Calculate the total capacitance between the points A and C.

21. A capacitor of capacitance 25 F is charged to 500 V. Determine the energy stored

in the capacitor.
22. A 4 F capacitor is connected to another 8 F capacitor. The combination is charged
at 300 V. Calculate :
(i) total charge on the combination.
(ii) total energy stored in the combination.
23. A 600 pF capacitor is charged by a 200 V supply. It is then disconnected from the
supply and is connected to another uncharged 600 pF capacitor. How much
electrostatic energy is lost in the process?
24. An uncharged capacitor is connected to a battery. Show that half the energy supplied
by the battery is lost as heat while charging the capacitor.
25. A 4 F capacitor is charged by a 200 V supply. It is then disconnected from the
supply and is connected to another uncharged 2 F capacitor. How much
electrostatic energy of the first capacitor is lost in the form of heat and electrostatic
energy of the first capacitor is lost in the form of heat and electromagnetic radiation?
26. (i) A 900 pF capacitor is charged by a 100 V battery. How much electrostatic energy
is stored by the capacitor?
(ii) The capacitor is disconnected from the battery and connected to another 900 pF
capacitor. What is the electrostatic energy stored by the system?
(iii) Where has the remainder of the energy gone?

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27. Two capacitors are in parallel and the energy stored is 45 J, when the combination is
raised to potential of 3000 V. With the same two capacitors in series, the energy
stored 4.05 J for the same potential. What are their individual capacitances?
28. Three capacitors C1 = 15 F, C2 = 25 F, and C3 = 35 F are connected to a 120 V
supply, as shown in Fig. Determine (i) the equivalent capacitance of the system (ii)
charges and potential differences on C1, C2 and C3.

29. When two charged conductors having different capacities and different potentials are
joined together, show that there is always a loss of energy.
30. A parallel plate capacitor is to be designed with a voltage rating 1 kV, using a
material of dielectric constant 3 and dielectric strength about 107 Vm–1. For safety, we
would like the field never to exceed say 10% of the dielectric strength. What
minimum area of the plates is required to have a capacitance of 50 pF?
31. Two metal plates from a parallel plate capacitor. The distance between the plates is
d. A metal sheet of thickness d/2 and of the same area is introduced between the
plates. What is the ratio of the capacitances in the two cases?
32. (a)Find the ratio of the capacitances of a capacitor filled with two dielectrics of same
dimensions but of dielectric constants k1 and k2, respectively.
(b)A capacitor is filled with two dielectrics of the same dimensions but of dielectric
constants k1 = 2 and k2 = 3. Find the ratio of capacities in two possible arrangements.
33. Find the equivalent capacitance between the points P and Q as shown in Fig. Given
C = 18 F and C1 = 12F.

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Current Electricity
Current Basic Concept

Current Electricity CBSE 2023-24 by Dr. Mukesh Shrimali

Multiple choice questions
SECTION A -
Q.1 A current of 5 Amp exist on a 10 ohm resistance for 4 min. How much charge pass
through any cross-section of the resistor in this time ?
(A) 12 coulombs (B) 120 coulombs (C) 1200 coulombs (D) 12000
coulombs
Q.2 Current in a conductor is due to -
(A) motion of free electrons in it (B) motion of (+) ve ions
(C) free electrons and holes (D) protons

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Q.3 Internal resistance of cell does not depends on

(A) Concentration of electrolyte (B) Distance between electrodes
(C) Area of electrodes in electrolyte (D)EMF of cell
Q.4 A steady current is passing through a linear conductor of non-uniform cross-section.
Which of these quantity is constant along the conductor
(A) Current (B) Current Density (C) Electric field (D) Drift Speed
Q.5 Conductivity does not depends on
(A) number density (B) temperature (C) nature of material (D)
Electric field
Q6. The resistance of a semi-conductors -
(A) increases with increase of temperature(B) decreases with increase of
temperature
(C) does not change with change of temperature(D) first decreases and then increases
Q.7 Specific resistance of a wire depends upon -
(A) it's length (B) it's cross-sectional area (C) it's dimensions (D) it's
material
Q.8 Which of flowing statement is not true for Ohm's law -
(A) It is relation in current and potential Diff(B) It is relation in Current density and
electric field
(C) It is universal law applicable in all situation (D) R does not depend on value
of V and I
Q.9 Ohm's law is valid when the temperature of the conductor is -
(A) constant (B) very high (C) very low (D) varying
Q.10 A certain piece of copper is to be shared into a conductor of minimum resistance . Its
length and diameter should be respectively -
(A)  , d (B) 2 , d (C) /2 , 2d (D) 2 , d/2
Read the assertion and reason carefully to mark the correct option out of the options given
below :
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the
assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of the
assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If the assertion and reason both are false.
(e) If assertion is false but reason is true.
1.Assertion : The resistivity of a semiconductor increases with temperature.
Reason : The atoms of a semiconductor vibrate with larger amplitude at higher
temperatures thereby increasing its resistivity [AIIMS 2003]
2.Assertion : In a simple battery circuit the point of lowest potential is positive terminal
of the battery
Reason : The current flows towards the point of the higher potential as it flows in such
a circuit from the negative to the positive terminal.
3.Assertion : The temperature coefficient of resistance is positive for metals and
negative for p-type semiconductor.
Reason : The effective charge carriers in metals are negatively charged whereas in p-
type semiconductor they are positively charged.

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4.Assertion : In the following circuit emf is 2V and internal resistance of the cell is 1 
and R = 1, then reading of the voltmeter is 1V.
V
E=2V

r=1

R=1
A

2
Reason : V  E  ir where E = 2V, i  1A and R = 1  [AIIMS 1995]
2
5.Assertion : There is no current in the metals in the absence of electric field.
Reason : Motion of free electron are randomly.

6Assertion : Electric appliances with metallic body have three connections, whereas an
electric bulb has a two pin connection.
Reason : Three pin connections reduce heating of connecting wires.
7.Assertion : The drift velocity of electrons in a metallic wire will decrease, if the
temperature of the wire is increased.
Reason : On increasing temperature, conductivity of metallic wire decreases.
8.Assertion : The electric bulbs glows immediately when switch is on.
Reason : The drift velocity of electrons in a metallic wire is very high.
9.Assertion : Bending a wire does not effect electrical resistance.
Reason : Resistance of wire is proportional to resistivity of material.
10.Assertion : Electric field outside the conducting wire which carries a constant current
is zero.
Reason : Net charge on conducting wire is zero.
11.Assertion : The resistance of super-conductor is zero.
Reason : The super-conductors are used for the transmission of electric power.
12.Assertion : A person touching a high power line gets stuck with the line.
Reason : The current carrying wires attract the man towards it.
13.Assertion : The connecting wires are made of copper.
Reason : The electrical conductivity of copper is high.
Assertion and Reason
1. (d) Resistivity of a semiconductor decreases with the temperature. The atoms of a
semiconductor vibrate with larger amplitudes at higher temperatures thereby
increasing it's conductivity not resistivity.
2. (d) It is quite clear that in a battery circuit, the point of lowest potential is the negative
terminal of the battery and the current flows from higher potential to lower potential.
3. (b) The temperature co-efficient of resistance for metal is positive and that for
semiconductor is negative.
In metals free electrons (negative charge) are charge carriers while in P-type
semiconductors, holes (positive charge) are majority charge carriers.
2
4. (a) Here, E  2V , 1   1A and r  1
2
Therefore, V  E  ir  2  1 1  1V

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5. (a) It is clear that electrons move in all directions haphazardly in metals. When an
electric field is applied, each free electron acquire a drift velocity. There is a net flow
of charge, which constitute current. In the absence of electric field this is impossible
and hence, there is no current.
6. (c) The metallic body of the electrical appliances is connected to the third pin which is
connected to the earth. This is a safety precaution and avoids eventual electric shock.
By doing this the extra charge flowing through the metallic body is passed to earth
and avoid shocks. There is nothing such as reducing of the heating of connecting
wires by three pin connections.
7. (b) On increasing temperature of wire the kinetic energy of free electrons increase and
so they collide more rapidly with each other and hence their drift velocity decreases.
Also when temperature increases, resistivity increase and resistivity is inversely
proportional to conductivity of material.
8. (c) In a conductor there are large number of free electrons. When we close the circuit,
the electric field is established instantly with the speed of electromagnetic wave
which cause electron drift at every portion of the circuit. Due to which the current is
set up in the entire circuit instantly. The current which is set up does not wait for the
electrons flow from one end of the conductor to the another end. It is due to this
reason, the electric bulb glows immediately when switch is on.
9. (a) Resistance wire R
l
. where  is resistivity of material which does not depend on
A
the geometry of wire. Since when wire is banded, resistivity, length and area of
cross-section do not change, therefore resistance of wire also remain same.
10. (a) When current flows through a conductor it always remains uncharged, hence no
electric field is produced outside it.
11. (b) Here assertion and reason both are correct but the reason is not the correct
explanation of assertion.
12. (d)Because there is no special attractive force that keeps a person stuck with a high
power line. The actual reason is that a current of the order of 0.05 A or even less is
enough to bring disorder in our nervous system. As a result of it, the affected person
may lose temporarily his ability to exercise his nervous control to get himself free
from the high power line.
13. (a) Due to high electrical conductivity of copper, it conducts the current without
offering much resistance. The copper being diamagnetic material does not get
magnetised due to current through it and hence does not disturb the current in the
circuit.
Subjective Questions
Q11. (a)Derive an expression for drift velocity.How does drift velocity of electrons in a metallic
conductor changes with increases in temperature.
(b)If the electron drift speed is so small and the electron charge is also small,how we obtain
large amounts of current in a conductor?
( c) Derive Ohm/s law using concept of drift velocity
Q12. Plot the graph showing the variation of resistivity with temperature for a metallic
conductor,standard resistance and semiconductor. .Explain the cause of these variation A wire
has a resistance of 16 ohm. It is melted and drawn in to a wire of half its length.Calculate the
resistance of the wire. What is % change in its resistance?

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Q13. (a)The resistance of the platinum wire of a platinum resistance thermometer at the ice point is
5 ohm and at steam point is 5.23 ohm. When the thermometer is inserted in a hot bath the
resistance become 5.795 ohm.calculate the temperature of bath ( t= Rt-R0/ (R100 –R0 ) X
100=345.65
(b)What is unit of temperature coefficient of resistance. What is its significance for positive
and negative value. A silver wire has a resistance of 2.1 ohm at 27.5 0C and a resistance of 2.7
ohm at 1000 C. Determine the temperature coefficient of resistivity. α =R2-R1 / R1( t2-t1)
=0.00394
Q14. (a)Find equivalent emf for combination of 2 cells of emf E1 and E2 having internal resistance
r1 and r2 connected in parallel.
(b)Six lead acid type of secondary cells each of emf 2.0V and internal resistance 0.015 ohm
are joined in series to provide a supply to a resistance of 8.5 ohm.What are current drawn
from the supply and its terminal voltage.( I= nE/R+nr) =1.4A V=IR 11.9V
(c )if we have two wires of equal length and same resistance, one of aluminium and other of
copper then which one is lighter. ( cu wire is 2.2 times heavier than aluminium Aluminium is
lighter) mcu /mA =2.2l
Q15. (a)State and prove Wheat Stone Bridge .In a wheat stone bridge experiment, a student by
mistake connects key K in place of galvanometer and galvanometer G in place of K. How will
he test for balance of bridge? Why this method is not good to measure very low and
very high resistance?
(b)Find equivalent resistance of following network

Q16 (i)Resistance of conducting slab of area A and length l is R. When we add one more identical
slab to it what will be new resistance. If we cut given slab in two equal parts (area wise) then
we connect then what will be new resistance?
Q17. (a)What do you mean by internal resistance of primary cell. Name the factors on which it
depends. The storage battery of a car has an emf of 12V. If the internal resistance of the
battery is 0.4 ohm. What is the maximum current that can be drawn from the battery ? 12/0.4
= 30 Amp
(b)A cell of emf 2V and internal resistance 0.1 ohm is connected to a 3.9ohm external
resistance. What will be the Potential difference across the terminals of cell? V=IR = 0.5 X
3.9 = 1.95
(c) A dry cell of emf 1.6V and internal resistance 0.10 ohm is connected to a resistance of R
ohm. The current drawn from the cell is 2 A . Find the voltage drop across R ( V= E-Ir = 1.6
– 2X0.1 =1.4 ohm)
Q13. (a) State Kirchhoff’s law of current and voltage. which conservation principle they explain?
(b) Find equivalent resistance of circuit and current through each resistance.

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(c) The plot of the variation of potential difference across a combination of three identical
cells in series versus current is as shown below. What is the emf of each cell? For what
current I, will the power dissipation of the circuit be maximum?

Q14. (ii)Prove that to drive a device of power P, the power wasted in the connected wires is
inversely proportional to V2. (b) Two heater are marked 200V,300W and 200V,600W. If the
heaters are connected in series and the combination connected to 200 V dc supply ,which
heater will produce more heat? R1= V2/P =400/3
R2 =V2/P =200/3 for series combination R= 600/3 =200 I=V/R 200/200 = 1A P1 = I2R1
= 400/3 P2=200/3 First heater produces more heat
Q15. Find the effective resistance between points A and D Potential difference between A and C

and Current I3
Q16. A storage battery of emf 8 V and internal resistance 0.5 ohm is being charged by a 120 V DC
supply using a series resistor. Of 15.5 Ω. What is terminal voltage of the battery . What is purpose of
having series resistor in the circuit ( E= 120-8 = 112V I= E/R+r = 112/15.5 +0.5 =7A For
battery V= 8- 7 X 0.5 = 11.5V )
(b) A battery of 10 V is connected across the diagonally opposite corner of 12 resistor of 1 ohm.
Determine equivalent resistance of the network and current along each
(c)a Potential difference V is applied to a conductor of length l diameter D. How Electric Field, drift
velocity and Resistance affected when V is doubled, length l is doubled and D ia doubled
(D) Find Maximum Current from battery if EMF is 12 V and internal resistance is 0.4 Ω
(E)In the circuit shown below E1 = 4.0 V, R1= 2 , E2 = 6.0 V, R2 = 4  and R3 = 2 . Find current I1
and I2
R1 = 2 

E1 = 4 V
I1
R3 = 2 

I2
R2 = 4 

E2 = 6 V
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Answer(b)Applying Kirchhoff’s law for the loops (1) and (2) as shown in figure
For loop (1) R1 = 2 i1

E1 = 4V
i1
1 (i1 – i2)

R3 = 2
i2 2 i2
R2 = 4

E2 = 6V
2i1  2(i1  i2 )  4  0  2i1  i2  2 …(i)
For loop (2) 2(i1  i2 )  4 i2  6  0  i1  3i2  3 …(ii) On solving equation (i) and (ii) i1  1.8 A .
Calculate current in following circuit

Q20. Find Current I1 and I2 in following :-

30
 20 V
20 V
I1

40 1
I2 45V

80V 1 20


CASE STUDY 1 Wheat Stone Bridge

WSB is one of the most important electrical circuit as shown above is an arrangement of four resistances
used to determine one of these resistances in terms of other three resistance. It was first suggested by a
British Physicist Sir Charles F Wheatstone in 1843.The bridge is said to be balanced when the terminal
potential difference across the galvanometer is zero
(i) In which condition WSB is said to be most sensitive

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a. When R1/R2 = R3/R4 b. When no current flows through G

c. When resistance in the four arm are of same order d. When we perform experiment at low
temperature
(ii) What will happen when we interchange galvanometer and cell at the balance point of the bridge
a. Balancing length will change b. G shows deflection
c. G will not show any deflection d. Circuit will not work
(iii) If R1/R2 < R3/R4
a. Current will flow from Q to S b. Current will flow from S to Q
c. Current will not flow d. None of above
(iv) Which of the following is not based on WSB?
a. Meter bridge b. Post Office Box c. Potentiometer d. de -Sauty Bridge
(v) The resistance of each branch of a Wheat Stone Bridge is 10 ohm. A resistance of 10 ohm is connected in
series with the galvanometer then equivalent resistance across the battery will be…
a. 10 ohm b. 15 Ohm c. 20 Ohm d. 40 Ohm.

Case Study 2
A set of experiments in the physics lab is designed to develop understanding of simple electrical circuit
principles for direct current circuits. The student is given a variety of batteries, resistors, and DC meters ;
and it directed to wire series and parallel combinations of resistors and batteries making measurements
of the currents and voltage drops using the ammeters and voltmeters. The student calculate expected
current and voltage values using ohm's law and kirchhoff's circuit rules and then checks the results with
the meters.

Q.1 A student connects a 6 volt battery and a 12 V battery in series and then connects this combination
across a 10Ω resistor. What is the current in the resistor ?
(A) 0.8 A (B) 0.9 A (C) 1.8 A (D) 3.6 A
Q.2 Resistors of 4 Ohm and 8 Ohm are connected in series. A battery of 6 V is connected across the series
combination. How much power (in watts) is consumed in 8Ω resistor ?
(A) 0.67 W (B) 2 W (C) 12 W (D) 24 W
Q.3 A 6 V battery is connected across a 2Ohm resistor. What is the heat energy dissipated in the resistor in
5 minutes ?
(A) 430 J (B) 560 J (C) 4300 J (D) 5400
Q.4 Which Law is in accordance with law of conservation of energy
(A)Ohm’s Law (B) Kirchhoff’s first law ( C) Kirchhoff’s second law (D) None of above
Q5. While connecting Voltmeter and Ammeter in circuits
(a) Both Voltmeter and Ammeter in Series
(b) Voltmeter in series Ammeter in Parallel
(c) Ammeter in Series Voltmeter in Parallel
(d) Both Voltmeter and Ammeter in Parallel

Basic questions of Current Electricity

1. How many electrons pass through a lamp in one minute, if the current is 300 mA?
2. How many electrons per second flow through a filament of a 120 V and 60 W electric
bulb?
3. In hydrogen atom, an electron moves in an orbit of radius 5.0 × 10–11m with a speed
of 2.2 × 106 ms–1. Find the equivalent current. (charge = 1.6 × 10–19 coulomb).

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4. An electron beam has an aperture of 1.0 mm2. A total of 6 × 1016 electrons flow
through any perpendicular cross-section per second. Calculate (i) the current (ii) the
current density in the electron beam.
5. The amount of charge passing through cross-section of a wire is
Q (t) = at2 + bt + c
(i) Write the dimensional formulae for a, b and c.
(ii) If the value of a, b and c in SI units are 5, 3 and 1 respectively, find the value
of current at t = 5 second.
Ohm’Law
6. The current flowing through a conductor is a mA at 50 V and 3 mA at 60V. Is it an
ohmic or non-ohmic conductor?
7. A current of 2 mA is passed through a colour coded carbon resistor with first, second
and third rings of yellow, green and orange colours. What is the voltage drop across
the resistor?
8. Calculate the resistivity of a material of a wire 10 m long, 0.4 mm in diameter and
having a resistance of 2.0 .
9. Calculate the electrical conductivity of the material of a conductor of length 3 m, area
of cross-section 0.02 mm2 having a resistance of 2.
10. A wire of resistance 10  is drawn out so that its length is thrice its original length.
Calculate its new resistance (resistivity and density of the material remain
uncharged).
11. A wire has a resistance of 16 . It is melted and drawn into a wire of half its length.
Calculate the resistance of the new wire. What is the percentage change in its
resistance?
12. Two wires of the same material having lengths in the ratio 1 : 2 ad diameters in the
ratio 2 : 3 are connected in series with an accumulator. Compute the ratio of P.D.
across the two wires.
13. Two wires A and B of equal mass and of the same metal are taken. The diameter of
the wire A is half the diameter of wire B. If the resistance of wire A is 24 , calculate
the resistance of wire. B.
14. Two wires A and B are of same metal, have the same area of cross-section and have
their lengths in the ratio 2 : 1. What will be the ratio of currents flowing through them
respectively when the same potential difference is applied across the length of each
of them?

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15. A current of 5 ampere is passing through a metallic wire of cross-sectional area 4 ×

10–6 m2. If the density of the charge-carriers in the wire in 5 × 1026 m–3, find the drift
speed of the electrons.
Temperature effect on Resistance
16. (i)At what temperature would the resistance of a copper conductor be double its
resistance at 0oC?
(ii)Does this temperature hold for all copper conductors regardless of shape and
size? Given  for Cu = 3.9 × 10–3 oC–1.
17. The resistance of a tungsten filament at 150oC is 133 ohm. What will be its
resistance at 500oC? The temperature coff. of resistance of tungsten is 0.0045 peroC.
18. The resistance of a conductor at 20oC is 3.15  and at 100oC is 3.75 . Determine
the temperature coefficient of resistance of the conductor. What will be the resistance
of the conductor at 0oC ?
Combination of Resistance

19. Given the resistance of 1, 2, 3 how will you combine them to get an equivalent
resistance of :
11 11 6
(i)  (ii)  (iii) 6  (iv)  ?
3 5 11
20. A set of n identical resistors, each of resistance R , when connected in series have
an effective resistance X  and when the resistors are connected in parallel, their
effective resistance is Y . Find the relation between R, X and Y.
21. The resistance of two conductors in series is 40 and their resistance becomes 7.5
, when connected in parallel. Find the resistance of the individual conductors.
22. Find the value of current I in the circuit shown in fig.

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23. A letter A consists of a uniform wire of resistance 1 ohm per cm. The sides of the
letter are each 20 cm long and the cross-piece in the middle is 10 cm long while the
apex angle is 60o. Find the resistance of the letter between the two ends of the legs.
24. Determine the voltage drop across the resistor R1 in the circuit given below with E =
60, R1 = 18 , R2 = 10 .
25. Determine the equivalent resistance of the following net-works:

26. Determine the current drawn from a 12 V supply with internal resistance 0.5  by the
following infinite network. Each resistor has 1  resistance.

27. Find the effective resistance between points A and B for the network shown in Fig.

28. Find the equivalent resistance between the points A and B of the network of resistors
shown in Fig.

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29. Find the effective resistance between points A and B of the network of resistors
shown in fig.

30. In the circuit shown in Fig. R1 = 100 , R2 = R3 = 50 , R4 = 75  and E = 4.75 V.

Work out the equivalent resistance of the circuit and the current in each resistor.

31. A regular hexagon with diagonals is made of identical wires, each having same
resistance r, as shown in Fig. Find the equivalent resistance between the points A
and B.

Find equivalent resistance of following network

Internal Resistance
32. A battery of emf 3 volt and internal resistance r is connected in series with a resistor
of 55  through an ammeter of resistance 1 . The ammeter reads 50 mA. Draw the
circuit diagram and calculate the value of r.

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33. A battery supplies a current of 0.9 A through a 2 resistor and a current of 0.3 A
through a 7  resistor. Calculate the emf and internal resistance of the battery.

34. A cell of emf of emf 1.1 V and internal resistance 0.5  is connected to a wire of
resistance 0.5 . Another cell of the same emf is connected in series but the current
in the wire remains the same. Find the internal resistance of the second cell.
34. Two identical cells of emf 1.5 V each joined in parallel provide supply to an external
circuit consisting of two resistances of 17  each joined in parallel. A very high
resistance voltmeter reads the terminal voltage of cells to be 1.4 V. Calculate the
internal resistance of each cell.
Kirchhoff’s Law
35. Two cells E1 and E2 of emfs 4 V and 8 V having internal resistances 0.5  and 1.0 
respectively are connected in series with resistances of 4.5  and 3.0 . Another
resistance is connected in parallel across the 3  resistor.
(a) Draw the circuit diagram
(b) Calculate the total current flowing through the circuit.
36. In the circuit diagram given in Fig. the cells E1 and E2 have emf’s 4 V and 8 V and
internal resistances 0.5  and 10  respectively. Calculate the current in each
resistance.

37. A network of resistances is connected to a 16 V battery with internal resistance of 1

, as shown in fig.

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37. A galvanometer together with an unknown resistance in series is connected across

two identical cells, each of emf 1.5 V. When the cells are connected in series, the
galvanometer records a current of 1 A and when the cells are connected in parallel,
the current is 0.6 A. What is the internal resistance of each cell?
38. 36 cells each of internal resistance 0.5 and emf 1.5 V each are used to send
current through an external circuit of 2  resistance. Find the best mode of grouping
them and the current through the external circuit.
39. The lengths and radii of three wires of same metal are in the ratios 2 : 3 : 4 and 3 : 4 :
5 respectively. They are joined in parallel and included in a circuit having 5 A current.
Find current in each wire.
40. Two resistors, 400  and 800  are connected in series with a 6 V battery. An
ammeter of 10  resistance is used to measure the current in the circuit. What will
the ammeter read? A voltmeter of 10,000  resistance is used to measure the p.d.
across the 400  resistor. What will it read?
41. In the circuit shown in Fig. calculate the current in each resistor and potential
difference across each resistor.

42. Calculate the steady-state current through 2  resistor in the circuit shown in fig. The
internal resistance of the battery is negligible and C = 2 F.

43. Five 4  resistances, a 2 V battery and an ammeter are connected as shown in Fig.
Find the ammeter reading.

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44. Find the emf  and the internal resistance r of an electric source which is equivalent
to two batteries of emf ’s 1 and 2 and internal resistances r1 and r2 connected in
parallel.
45. Calculate the current shown by the ammeter A in the circuit shown in fig.

Theory Questions
46. Explain relation between current and drift velocity
47. Prove that resistance depends on length and area of cross section. then explain
temperature dependencies on resistance
48. Find expression for equivalent resistance when two resistances are connected in
parallel.
49. State and prove Wheat-stone bridge principle.
50. Plot a graph showing variation of current Vs voltage for the material GaAs. Is there
any negative resistance region in it?

Magnetic Effect of current

Magnetic effect of Current based on new pattern 2023-24

Q1. Along the direction of current carrying wire, the value of magnetic field is ?
(A) zero (B) infinity (C) depends on the length of the wire (D) uncertain

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Q2. Value of Tesla in gauss is -

(A) 103 (B) 106 (C) 104 (D) 102

Q3. The vector form of Biot-Savart law is -

    
 kid   r  kid   r  kid   r  kid   r̂
(A) d B = (B) d B = (C) d B = (D) d B =
r2 r3 r r
Q4 The radii of two concentric coils having same number of turns are 10 cm and 20 cm
respectively. Equal currents are passed through them first in same direction and then in
opposite direction. In these two conditions the ratio of resultant magnetic fields at the centre
will be -
(A) 3 : 1 (B) 2 : 1 (C) 3 : 2 (D) 1 : 1
Q5 The section AB in the following figure is a quarter of a circle of radius r. The magnitude and
direction of magnetic induction at the centre O will be -

B
r
i
A O

 0i  0i i  0i
(A) O (B)  (C) 0 O (D) 
2r 4r 8r 8r
Q6. A current i is flowing in a conductor as shown in the figure. The magnetic induction at point
O will be –
r
i
O
 
i 2 0i  0i
(A) 0 (B) 0 (C) (D)
r r 4r
Q7. A wire loop PQRSP is constructed by joining two semicircular coils of radii r 1 and r2
respectively as shown in the figure. Current is flowing in the loop. The magnetic induction at
point O will be -
i

r2
i

r1

S R O Q P

 0i  1 1   0i  1 1   0i  1 1   0i  1 1 
(A)    (B)    (C)    (D)   
4  r1 r2  4  r1 r2  2  r1 r2  2  r1 r2 

Q8. At the centre of a straight solenoid the magnetic induction is B. If the length is reduced to half
but to keep the number of turns same, these are wound in two layers, then the magnetic
induction at the centre will be -
(A) B/2 (B) B (C) 2B (D) 4B

Q9. In a solenoid the magnetic induction produced due to current (B) is a function of distance x
from one end -

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B B B B

(A) (B) centre (C) (D)

centre centre centre
r r r r
Q10. The number of turns per unit length of a solenoid is 10. If its average radius is 5 cm and it
carries a current of 10A, then the ratio of flux densities obtained at the centre and at the end
on the axis will be -
(A) 1 : 2 (B) 2 : 1 (C) 1 : 1 (D) 1 : 4
Q11. A hollow tube is carrying an electric current along the length distributed uniformly over its
surface. The magnetic field -
(A) increases linearly from the axis to the surface
(B) is non-zero inside the tube
(C) inside the tube is zero
(D) is zero just outside the tube

Q12. When the number of turns in a solenoid coil is doubled keeping length same, the value of
magnetic flux density will become-
(A) four times (B) eight times (C) half (D) double

Q13. A charged particle is moved along a magnetic field line. The magnetic force on the particle is
-
(A) along its velocity
(B) opposite to its velocity
(C) perpendicular to its velocity
(D) zero

Q14. Electron and proton of equal momentum enter a uniform field normal to the lines of force. If
the radii of curvature of circular paths be re and rp respectively, then -

re 1 re mp r mp re me
(A) = (B) = (C) e = (D) =
rp 1 rp me rp me rp mp

Q15. If a particle moves in a circular path in anti-clockwise direction after entering into a
downward vertical magnetic field. The charge on the particle is -
(A) positive
(B) negative
(C) neutral
(D) nothing can be said

Q16. When an electron beam is moving in a magnetic field, then the work done is equal to the -
(A) charge of electron
(B) magnetic field
(C) product of electronic charge and the magnetic field
(D) 0

Q17. Two parallel beams of electrons moving in the same direction will-
(A) repel each other
(B) attract each other
(C) not interact with each other

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(D) annihilate each other.

Q18. A direct current is sent through a helical spring. The spring -
(A) tends to get shorter
(B) tends to get longer
(C) tends to rotate about the axis
(D) tends to move northward
Q19. A current of 2 ampere is flowing through a coil of radius 0.1 m and having 10 turns. The
magnetic moment of the coil will be :
(A) 20 A-m2 (B) 2A-m2 (C) 0.314 A-m2 (D) 0.628 A-m2
Q20. The ampere is the value of that steady current,when maintained in each of the two very long
parallel straight wire placed 1 m apart in vacuum,would produce a force equal to ……. N/m

(A) 2 x 10-7 (B)4 x 10-7 (C) 6 x 10-7 (D) 8 x 10-7

Read the assertion and reason carefully to mark the correct option out of the options given
below:
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the
assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of the
assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If the assertion and reason both are false.
(e) If assertion is false but reason is true.
1. Assertion : Magnetic susceptibility is a pure number
Reason : The value of magnetic susceptibility for vacuum is one
2. Assertion : When a bar of copper is placed in an external magnetic field,the field lines
get concentrated inside the bar.
Reason : Copper is paramagnetic substance
3. Assertion : Magnetic field interacts with a moving charge and not with a stationary
charge.
Reason : A moving charge produces a magnetic field.
4. Assertion : If an electron is not deflected while passing through a certain region of
space, then only possibility is that there is no magnetic region.
Reason : Force is directly proportional to the magnetic field applied.
5. Assertion : Free electron always keep on moving in a conductor even then no
magnetic force act on them in magnetic field unless a current is passed
through it.
Reason : The average velocity of free electron is zero.
6. Assertion : The ion cannot move with a speed beyond a certain limit in a cyclotron.
Reason : As velocity increases time taken by ion increases.
7. Assertion : The coil is bound over the metallic frame in moving coil galvanometer.
Reason : The metallic frame help in making steady deflection without any oscillation.
8. Assertion : A circular loop carrying current lies in XY plane with its center at origin
having a magnetic flux in negative Z-axis.
Reason : Magnetic flux direction is independent of the direction of current in the
conductor.

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9. Assertion : The energy of charged particle moving in a uniform magnetic field does
not change.
Reason : Work done by magnetic field on the charge is zero.
10. Assertion : If an electron, while coming vertically from outerspace, enter the earth's
magnetic field, it is deflected towards west.
Reason : Electron has negative charge.
11. Assertion : A direct current flows through a metallic rod, produced magnetic field
only outside the rod.
Reason :There is no flow of charge carriers inside the rod.
12. Assertion : An electron and proton enters a magnetic field with equal velocities, then,
the force experienced by the proton will be more than electron.
Reason : The mass of proton is 1837 times more than electron.
13. Assertion : Torque on the coil is the maximum, when coil is suspended in a radial
magnetic field.
Reason : The torque tends to rotate the coil on its own axis.
14. Assertion : A loosely round helix made of stiff wire is suspended vertically with the
lower end just touching a dish of mercury. When a current is passed through
the wire, the helical wire executes oscillatory motion with the lower end
jumping out of and inside of mercury.
Reason : When electric current is passed through helix, a magnetic field is produced
both inside and outside the helix.
15. Assertion : The magnetic filed at the ends of a very long current carrying solenoid is
half of that at the center.
Reason : If the solenoid is sufficiently long, the field within it is uniform.
16. Assertion : If a charged particle is moving on a circular path in a perpendicular
magnetic field, the momentum of the particle is not changing,.
Reason : Velocity of the particle in not changing in the magnetic field.
17. Assertion : If a proton and an -particle enter a uniform magnetic field
perpendicularly, with the same speed, then the time period of revolution of
the -particle is double than that of proton.
Reason : In a magnetic field, the time period of revolution of a charged particle is
directly proportional to mass.
18. Assertion : If two long wires, hanging freely are connected to a battery in series, they
come closer to each other.
Reason : Force of attraction acts between the two wires carrying current.
19. Assertion : A current I flows along the length of an infinitely long straight and thin
walled pipe. Then the magnetic field at any point inside the pipe is zero.
 
Reason :  B .d l  o I

Assertion and Reason

1 C 2 E 3 a 4 e 5 A
6 c 7 a 8 c 9 a 10 B
11 d 12 e 13 b 14 b 15 B
16 d 17 b 18 d 19 a

Subjective Questions:

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Q.1 Define one tesla using the expression for the magnetic force on a particle of charge q moving with
velocity v in magnetic field B. Explain Expression for the force per unit length between two long straight
parallel current carrying wire. Hence define SI unit of current.
Draw the graph showing dependence of F on
(a) I1 I2 when d is kept constant
(b) d when the product I1 I2 is maintained at a constant positive value
(c) d when the product I1 I2 is maintained at a constant negative value
Q.2 (a)An alpha particle is projected with velocity v= 3 x 10 5 m/sec i in to a region in which magnetic field B
= 0.4i + 0.3 j T calculate acceleration of the particle given charge to mass ratio of alpha particle is 4.8
x 107C/kg
(b) An electron is revolving around the nucleus in a circular orbit with a speed of 10 7 m/sec, If the
radius of the orbit is 10-10 m, find the current constituted by revolving electron in the orbit.
Q.3 (a)Explain Lorentz force and explain motion of charged particle in uniform magnetic field. Under what
condition an electron moving through a magnetic field experiences ( I ) no force ( ii ) maximum force
(b) Show that no work will be done by this force on the charged particle.
Q.4 Explain principle construction and working of moving coil galvanometer . What is function of Radial
magnetic field and soft iron core in moving coil galvanometer.
(b) Two moving coil meters M1 and M2 have the following particulars
R1 = 10Ω N1 = 30 A1 = 3.6×10-3 m2 B1 = 0.25 T
R2 = 14Ω N2 = 42 A2 = 1.8×10-3 m2 B2 = 0.50 T
Determine the ratio of (a) Current Sensitivity (b ) Voltage Sensitivity.
Q.5 (a)Prove that force experienced by current carrying conductor is BIL What is the condition in which a
current carrying wire can be in equilibrium with its weight? then prove that torque experienced will be
given by BINA
(b) A narrow beam of protons and deuterons ,each having the same momentum, enters a region of
uniform magnetic field directed perpendicular to their direction of momentum. What would be ratio of
the circular paths described by them ?
Q.6 Why ammeter is always connected in series and Voltmeter is always parallel Explain the method by
which a galvanometer can be converted in to ammeter and voltmeter .A galvanometer coil has a
resistance of 12 ohm and the meter shows full scale deflection for a current of 3 mA. How will you
convert the meter in to a voltmeter of range 0-18 V ?
Q.7 A long straight wire AB carries a current I. A proton P travels with a speed v, parallel to the wire at a
distance d from it in a direction opposite to the current as shown in the figure. What is the force
experienced by the proton and what is its direction
Q.8 (a)State Biot Savart law . Using it find an expression for the magnetic field at the axis of a circular coil
of N turns having radius r carrying current I at distance ‘a ‘ from its center. What will be magnetic field
at the center.
(b)Two concentric circular coils X and Y of radius 16 cm and 10 cm respectively ,lie in the same vertical
plane containing the north to south direction. Coil X has 20 tuens carries 16 amp current and coil Y has
25 turns and carries current of 18 amp. Sense of current in X is anticlockwise and Y is clockwise. Give
the magnitude of net magnetic field at the center.
Q.9 (a) Find magnetic field due to current carrying long solenoid using ampere circuital law on the axis .
(b)Draw magnetic lines of forces due to (I ) Circular loops (ii ) Solenoid .

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Q.10 (a)A proton and an electron travelling along parallel paths enter a region of uniform magnetic field,
acting perpendicular to their paths. Which of them will move in a circular path with higher frequency ?
(b)A semi circular arc of radius 20 cm carries a current of 10 A. Calculate the magnitude of magnetic
field at the center of arc
Q.11 (a)A stream of electron travelling with a speed v at right angle to a uniform magnetic field B is deflected
in a circular path of radius r .Prove that e/m = v/rB.
Q12. An electron moving through a magnetic field does not experience any force. Under what condition is
this possible. If magnitude of electric and magnetic field is 50 kV/m and 100mT calculate velocity of
beam and force with which it strikes a target if current is 0.80 mA.
Q.13 Use Ampere circuital law to find magnetic field due to solenoid . Explain Bar magnet as an equivalent
solenoid.
Q.14 State two reasons why a galvanometer can not be used as such to measure current in the given circuit.

Q.15 (a)A square coil of side 10 cm consists of 20 turns and carries a current of 12 A. The coil is suspended
vertically and normal to the plane of the coil makes an angle of 30 0. With the direction of magnetic field
of magnitude 0.80 T. What is the magnitude of the torque experienced by the coil?
(b)Two long and parlallel straight wires carrying currents of 2A and 5A in the opposite direction are
separated by a distance of 1cm. Find the nature and magnitude of force between them.
Q.16 (a)A circular coil of N turns and radius R carries a current I . It is unwound and rewound to make
another coil of radius R/2, current remaining the same. Calculate the ratio of the magnetic moments of
the new coil and the original coil.
Q17. Two parallel coaxial circular coils of equal radius R and equal number of turns N carry equal currents I in
the same direction and are separated by a distance “2R “. Find magnitude and direction of the net
magnetic field produced at the midpoint of the line joining their centers.

Q.18 (a)Define the term magnetic moment .What is relation between the current and the magnetic moment
of a current carrying coil.. Find Expression for Bohr Magneton and Gyromagnetic ratio for revolving
electron
(b) A horizontal overhead power line carries a current of 90 A.In east to west direction. What is
magnitude and direction of the magnetic field due to the current at a distance 1,5 m below the line?.
Q.19 (a)A long straight wire carries a steady current I aong the positive Y axis in a coordinate system. A
particle of charge +Q is moving with a velocity along the X axis. In which direction will the particle
experience force ?
(b) Which of the following will describe the smallest circle when projected with the same velocity
perpendicular to magnetic field (i)α particle (ii) β Particle
Q.20 (a) Explain how we can find magnetic field of infinite long st .conductor. Use ampere circuital law to find
magnetic field at points inside and outside the cylinder If radius of cylinder is r and point is situated at
distance a ( r>a , r<a).
(b) the velocities of two alpha particles A and B entering a uniform magnetic field are in the ratio 4:1.
On entering the field they move in different circular paths. Give radii of curvature of paths of particles.

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Q.21 Figure shows a small magnetized needle P placed at a point O. The arrow shows the
direction of its magnetic moment the other arrow show different positions of another
identical magnetized needle Q.
(a) In which configuration the system is not in equilibrium?
(b) In which configuration is the system in
(i) Stable (ii) Unstable equilibrium
(c) Which configuration corresponds to the lowest potential energy.

Q.
4
Q. O P Q.
5 Q. Q. 3
1 2
Q.
6

Q.22 Explain three Magnetic Elements of Earth then define Isogonic ,Isoclinals and
Isodynamic lines
Q.23 Define the term magnetic moment .What is relation between the current and the
magnetic moment of a current carrying coil.. Find Expression for Bohr Magneton
and Gyromagnetic ratio for revolving electron
Q.24 (a) What do you mean by magnetic elements of Earth. Establish relation between
them.The horizontal component of earth magnetic field at a given place is 0.4× 10-4
weber/m2 and angle of dip is 300 . Calculate the value of Vertical component and
total intensity of Earth’s magnetic field.
Q.25 What are Dia ,Para and Ferromagnetic substance. Explain any five properties of it
Q.26 A short bar magnet of magnetic moment m=0.32 JT -1 is placed in a uniform external
field of 0.15 T. If the bar is free to rotate in the plane of the field
(i) which orientations would corresponds to its stable and unstable equilibrium.
(ii) What is potential energy of the magnet ?
Numerical Problems

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1. A horizontal overhead power line carries a current of 90 A in an east to west

direction. What is the magnitude and direction of magnetic field due to the current 1.5
m below the line?
2. A long straight wire in the horizontal plane carries a current of 50 A in the north to
south direction. Give the magnitude and direction of B at a point 2.5 m east of the
wire.
3. A current of 10 A is flowing east to west in a long wire kept horizontally in the east-
west direction. Find magnetic field in a horizontal plane at a distance of (i) 10 cm
north (ii) 20 cm south from the wire; and in the vertical plane at a distance of (iii) 40
cm downward and (iv) 50 cm upward.
4. Fig. shows two long, straight wires carrying electric currents of 10 A each in opposite
directions. The separation between the wires is 5.0 cm. Find the magnetic field at a
point P midway between the wires.

5. Fig. 9.4 shows two current carrying wires 1 and 2. Find the magnitudes and
directions of the magnetic field at points P, Q and R.

6. A long straight wire carrying a current of 30 A is placed in an external uniform

magnetic field of 4.0 × 10–4 T parallel to the current. Find the magnitude of the
resultant magnetic field at a point 2.0 cm away from the wire.
7. Two parallel wires P and Q placed at a separation of r = 6 cm carry electric currents
I2 = 5 and I2 = 2 A in opposite directions as shown in fig. Find the point on the line PQ
where the resultant magnetic field is zero.

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8. Fig. shows a cube made from a uniform wire. Find the magnetic field at the centre of
the cube, if a battery is connected between the pints A and G.

9. In the Bohr model of hydrogen atom, an electron revolves around the nucleus in a
circular orbit of radius 5.1 × 10–11 m at a frequency of 6.8 × 1015 Hz. What is the
magnetic field set up at the centre of the orbit?
10. The electron in the hydrogen atom circles around the proton with a speed of 2.18 ×
106 ms–1 in orbit of radius 5.3 × 11–11 m. What magnetic field does it produce at the
proton?
11. A circular coil of wire consisting of 100 turns each of radius 8.0 cm carries a current

of 0.40 A. what is the magnitude of the magnetic field B at the centre of the coil?
12. A circular coil of 100 turns has a radius of 10 cm and carries a current of 5 A.
Calculate the magnetic field (a) at the centre of the coil (b) at a point on the axis of
the coil at a distance of 5 cm from the centre of the coil.
13. The magnetic field due to a current carrying circular loop of radius 12 cm at its centre
is 0.50 × 10–4 T. Find the magnetic field due to this loop at a point on the axis at a
distance of 5.0 cm from the centre.
14. Two concentric circular coils X and Y of radii 16 cm and 10 cm respectively lie in the
same vertical plane containing the north-south direction. Coil X has 20 turns and
carries a current of 16 A; coil Y has 25 turns and carries a current of 18 A. The sense
of the current in X is anticlockwise, and in Y clockwise, for an observer looking at the
coils facing west. Give the magnitude and direction of the net magnetic field due to
the coils at their centre.
15. A thick straight copper wire, carrying a current of 10 A is bent into a semicircular are
of radius 7.0 cm as shown in Fig. (a). (i) State the direction and calculate the
magnitude of magnetic field at the centre of arc. (ii) How would your answer change if

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the same wire were bent into a semicircular arc of the same radius but in opposite
way as shown in fig. (b) ?

16. A long wire having a semi-circular loop of radius r carries a current I, as shown in Fig.
Find the magnetic field due to entire wire.

17. A long wire is bent as shown in fig. What will be the magnitude and direction of the
field at the centre O of the circular portion, if a current I is passed through the wire?
Assume that the various portions of the wire do not touch at point P.

18. Figure shows a current loop having two circular segments and joined by two radial
lines. Find the magnetic field at the centre 0.

19. The wire shown in figure carries a current of 60 A. Determine the magnitude of the
magnetic field at the centre O. Given radius of the bent coil is 2 cm.

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20. As shown in figure a cell is connected across two points A and B of a uniform circular
conductor. Prove that the magnetic field at its centre O will be zero.

21. Two wires A and B have the same length equal to 44 cm and carry a current of 10 A
each. Wire A is bent into a circle and wire B into a square. (a) Which wire produces a
greater magnetic field at the centre? (b) Obtain the magnitudes of the fields at the
centres of the two wires.
22. In figure abcd is a circular coil of non-insulated thin uniform conductor. Conductors
pa and qc are very long straight parallel conductors tangential to the coil at the points
a and c. If a current of 5 A enters the coil from p to a, find the magnetic induction at
O, the centre of the coil. The diameter of the coil is 10 cm.

23. A long solenoid consists of 20 turns per cm. What current is necessary to produce a
magnetic field of 20 m T inside the solenoid?
24. A long solenoid is made by closely winding a wire of radius 0.5 mm over a cylindrical
non-magnetic frame so that successive turns nearly touch each other. What will be
the magnetic field at the centre of the solenoid if a current of 5 A flows through it?
25. A closely wound solenoid 80 cm long has 5 layers of windings of 400 turns each. The
diameter of the solenoid is 1.8 cm. If the current carried is 8.0 A, estimate the

magnitude of B inside the solenoid near its centre.
26. A solenoid 50 cm long has 4 layers of windings of 350 turns each. The radius of the

lowest layer is 1.4 cm. if the current carried is 6.0 A, estimate the magnitude of B (a)
near the centre of the solenoid on its axis and off its axis, (b) near its ends on its axis,
(c) outside the solenoid near its centre.
27. A toroid has a core (non-ferromagnetic) of inner radius 25 cm and outer radius 26 cm
around which 3500 turns of a wire are wound. If the current in the wire is 11 A, what

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is the magnetic field (a) outside the toroid (b) inside the core of the toroid (c) in the
empty space surrounded by the toroid?
28. An electron moving with a velocity of 5.0 × 107 ms–1 enters a magnetic field of 1.0 Wb
m–2 at an angle of 30o. Calculate the force on the electron.
29. An alpha particle is projected vertically upward with a speed of 3 × 104 km s–1 in a
region where a magnetic field of magnitude 1.0 T exists in the direction south to
north. Find that magnetic force that acts on the particle.
30. An electron is moving northwards with a velocity of 3.0 × 107 ms–1 in a uniform
magnetic field of 10 T directed eastwards. Find the magnitude and the direction of
the force on the electron.
31. A positive charge of 1.5 C is moving with a speed of 2 × 106 ms–1 along the positive

X-axis. A magnetic field, B = (0.2 ĵ + 0.4 k̂ ) tesla acts in space. Find the magnetic
force acting on the charge.
32. An electron is moving at 106 ms–1 in a direction parallel to a current of 5A, flowing
through an infinitely long straight wire, separated by a perpendicular distance of 10
cm in air. Calculate the magnitude of the force experienced by the electron.
33. In a chamber, a uniform magnetic field of 6.5 (G = 10–4 T) is maintained. An electron
is shot into the field with a speed of 4.8 × 106 ms–1 normal to the field. Explain why
the path of the electron is a circle. Determine the radius of the circular orbit. Given
that e  C , me  9.110 31 kg.

34. A charged particle is moving in a magnetic field of intensity 10–2Wb m–2 with a
velocity of 107 ms–1 in a circular path of radius 0.65 cm. Find the specific charge of
the particle.
35. A chamber is maintained at a uniform magnetic field of 5 × 10–3 T. An electron with a
speed of 5 × 107 ms–1 enters the chamber in a direction normal to the field. Calculate
(i) radius of the path and (ii) frequency of revolution of the electron.
35. An electronic travels in a circular path of radius 20 cm in a magnetic field 2 × 10–3 T
(i) Calculate the speed of the electron (ii) What is the potential difference through
which the electron must be accelerated to acquire this speed?
35. An electron after being accelerated through a potential difference of 104 V enters a
uniform magnetic field of 0.04 T perpendicular to its direction of motion. Calculate the
radius of curvature of its trajectory.
36. A proton is moving in a circular orbit of radius 14 cm when placed in a uniform
magnetic field of magnitude 0.35 Wb m–2 directed perpendicular to the velocity of the
proton. Find (i) the orbital speed of the proton (ii) its angular frequency and (iii) its
period of revolution. Mass of a proton = 1.67 × 10–27 kg.

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37. A proton, a deuteron and an alpha particle having the same kinetic energy are
allowed to pass through a uniform magnetic field perpendicular to their direction of
motion. Compare the radii of their circular paths.
38. A proton projected in a magnetic field of 0.02 T travels along a helical path of radius
5.0 cm and pitch 20 cm. Find the components of the velocity of the proton along and
perpendicular to the magnetic fields. Take the mass of the proton = 1.6 × 10–27 kg.
39. A cyclotron’s oscillator frequency is 10 MHz. What should be the operating magnetic
field for accelerating protons? If the radius if the ‘deeds’ is 60 cm, what is the kinetic
energy of the proton beam produced by the accelerator ? (
e  1.601019 C, m p  1.671027 kg). Express your answer in units of MeV (1 MeV =
1.602 × 10–13 J).
40. A current of 1.0 A is flowing in the sides of an equilateral triangle of side 4.5 × 10–2 m.
Find the magnetic field at the centroid of the triangle.
42. The wire loop PQRSP formed by joining two semicircular wires of radii R1 and R2
carries a current I, as shown in fig. Find the magnitude and direction of the magnetic
field at the centre O.

43. A current I = 5.0 A flows along a thin wire shaped as shown in figure The radius of
the curved part of the wire is equal to R = 120 mm, the angle 2  = 90o. Find the
magnetic induction of the field at the point O.

Sample Paper- 1
Magnetic Moving Charge and Magnetism
Q1. Newton × sec is unit of which physical quantity? Coulomb × m
Q.2 Charge q is moving in a region having electric and magnetic field. What will be force
on charge q.
Q.3 Prove that net force on a current carrying conductor of length l in a M. Field B
F  I [l  B ]

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Q.4 What is radius of the path of an electron moving at a speed of 3 × 107m/sec in a

magnetic field of 6 × 10–4T perpendicular to it. Also calculate its frequency and
energy.
Q.5 What do you mean by velocity selector?
Q.6 Give a schematic spetch of a cyclotron then. Find expression for K.E. of ions.
Q.7 A cyclotron freq is 10 MHz. What should be the operating magnetic field for
accelerating protons? If the radius of its ‘deer’ is 60 cm. What is K.E. of the proton
beam produced?
Q.8 What is relation between permittivity and permeability?
Q.9 Find magnetic field on axis of a circular loop then. Find expression for M Field at the
centre.


Q10.An element l = sx i is placed at the orgin and carries a large current I = 10 A. What
is Magnetic Field on y axis at a distance of 0.5 m. x = 1 cm.

0.5
m

l

Q.11 What will be force experienced by two parallel currents then define. One ampere?
Q.12 Derive expression for magnetic dipole moment of revolving electron then define
gyromagnetic ratio and Bohr magnetron.
Q.13 Explain how one can convert galvanometer into ammeter? Find expression of current
sensitivity and voltage sensitivity. What will be change in current and voltage
sensitivity if we double the number of turns.
Q.14 Two moving coil meters M. and M2 have the following particulars R1 = 10 N1 = 30,
Ai  3.6  10 3 m 2 , B1  0.25T
Ri  14 N 2  42 A2  1.8  10 3 m 2 , B2  0.50 T determine current sensitivity
and voltages.
Q.15 A toroid has a core of inner radius 25cm and outer radius 26 cm. around which 3500
turns of wire are wound, If the current in the wire is || A, what is magnetic field (a)
outside.
Q.16 Draw magnetic field lines of :
(a) Bar magnet
(b) current carrying finite solenoid
(c) Electric dipole

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Q.17 Prove that if a compass needle of known moment of inertia I is placed in uniform
I
magnetic field that it will oscillate with five period T  2.
MB
Q.18 Write any two point of difference between a diamagnetic and paramagnetic
substances
Q.19 The earth’s magnetic field at the equator is = 0.4G. What is earth’s dipole moment?
Q.20 A Solenoid has a core of a material with relative. Permeability 400. If current through
solenoid is 2A, and number of turns is 1000/m calculate (a) H, (b) M (c) B (d)
Magnetizing current

Curie law Graph for paramagnetic substances

Electromagnetic Induction

Electro Magnetic Induction T-20 by Dr. Mukesh Shrimali

SECTION A
Q1. The magnetic field in a coil of 100 turns and 40 square cm area is increased
from 1 Tesla to 6 Tesla in 2 second. The magnetic field is perpendicular to the
coil. The e.m.f. generated in it is

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(a) 104 V (b) 1.2 V

(c) 1.0 V (d) 102 V
Q2. When a magnet is being moved towards a coil, the induced emf does not depend upon-
(A) the number of turns of the coil
(B) the motion of the magnet
(C) the magnetic moment of the magnet
(D) the resistance of the coil
Q3. A field of 2 × 10–2 T acts at right angles to a coil of 50 turns of area 10–2 m2. The coil is removed
from the field in 0.1 second. Then the induced emf in the coil is-
(A) 0.1 V (B) 80 KV
(C) 7.96 V (D) none of the above
Q4. Two plane circular coils P and Q have radii r1 and r2, respectively, (r1 < < r2) and are coaxial as
shown in fig. The number of turns in P and Q are respectively N1 and N2. If current in coil Q is
varied steadily at a rate x ampere/sec then the induced emf in the coil P will be approximately-
Q
r1 P N2
r2

N1

(A) 0 N1 N2  r12
(B) 0 N1 N2  r12 x
(C) 0 N1 N2  r12 x / 2r2
(D) 0
Q5. A coil of N turns and area A is rotated at the rate of n rotations per second in a magnetic field of
intensity B, the magnitude of the maximum magnetic flux will be-
(A) NAB (B) nAB
(C) NnAB (D) 2nNAB
Q6. Lenz's law is consistent with law of conservation of -
(A) current (B) emf
(C) energy (D) all of the above

Q7. A magnetic field is directed normally downwards through a metallic frame as shown in the figure.
On increasing the magnetic field-
× × × × × ×
× × × × × ×
× × × × ×A×
× × × × × B×
× × × × × ×
× × × × × ×
(A) plate B will be positively charged
(B) plate A will be positively charged
(C) none of the plates will be positively charged
(D) all of the above

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Q8 Two coils P and Q are lying a little distance apart coaxially. If a current I is suddenly set up in the
coil P then the direction of current induced in coil Q will be-

I
observer Q
P
(A) clockwise (B) towards north
(C) towards south (D) anticlockwise
Q9. A system S consists of two coils A and B. The coil A carries a steady current I while the coil B is
suspended near by as shown in fig. Now if the system is heated so as to raise the temperature of
two coils steadily then-

A B

(A) the two coils show attraction

(B) the two coils show repulsion
(C) there is no change in the position of the two coils
(D) induced currents are not possible in coil B.

Q10 Consider the situation shown in fig. If the current I in the long straight wire XY is increased at a
steady rate then the induced emf's in loops A and B will be -

A
B

(A) clockwise in A, anticlockwise in B

(B) anticlockwise in A, clockwise in B
(C) clockwise in both A and B
(D) anticlockwise
Q11. A conducting ring is placed around the core of an electromagnet as shown in fig. When key K is
pressed, the ring-
Ring

+ –
K
V
(A) remains stationary
(B) is attracted towards the electromagnet
(C) jumps out of the core
(D) none of the above

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Q12 A copper ring having a cut such as not to form a complete loop is held horizontally and a bar
magnet is dropped through the ring with its length along the axis of the ring. Then acceleration of
the falling magnet is- (neglect air friction)-

(A) g (B) less than g

(C) more than g (D) 0

Q.13 The north pole of a magnet is brought away from a coil, then the direction of induced current will
be-

S N
(A) in the clockwise direction
(B) in the anticlockwise direction
(C) initially in the clockwise and then anticlockwise direction
(D) initially in the anticlockwise and then clockwise direction.

Q.14 A metal sheet is placed in a variable magnetic field which is increasing from zero to maximum.
Induced current flows in the directions as shown in figure. The direction of magnetic field will be-
N

W E

S
(A) normal to the paper, inwards
(B) normal to the paper, outwards.
(C) from east to west
(D) from north to south
Q.15 A square loop PQRS is carried away from a current carrying long straight conducting wire CD.
The direction of induced current in the loop will be-
DP Q

CS R
(A) anticlockwise
(B) clockwise
(C) sometimes clockwise some times anticlockwise
(D) current will not be induced

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Q.16 A thin sheet of conductor, when allowed to oscillate in a magnetic field normal to the sheet, then
the motion is-
(A) damped due to air friction
(B) damped due to eddy currents
(C) accelerated due to eddy currents
(D) not effected by induced currents
Q17. A rectangular loop of resistance R, and sides I and x, is pulled out of a uniform magnetic field B
with a steady velocity v. The necessary force F required for maintaining uniform velocity of
withdrawal is-
× × × × ×
× B× × × ×

× × × × × 
× × × × ×
× × × × ×x
Bl 2 v B2 l 2 v
(A) (B)
R R
B2 l 2 v 2
(C) (D) 0
R
Q18. A circular coil of radius r is placed in a uniform magnetic field B. The magnetic field is normal to
the plane of the coil, as shown in fig. Now if the coil is rotated at an angular speed of , about its
own axis, then the induced emf in the coil is-
B
× × × × × × ×

× × × × × × ×

× × × × × × ×
× × × × × × ×
BA 
(A) (B) B (2r) 
2
(C) 0 (D) None of the above

Q19. The significance of self inductance L is the same as of that of ........ in the linear motion-
(A) mass (B) velocity
(C) acceleration (D) displacement
Q20. An inductance stores energy in-
(A) electric field (B) magnetic field
(C) resistance of coils (D) all of the above
Q21. Two coils of self inductances L1 and L2 are tightly wrapped one over the other. The maximum
mutual inductance of the combination will be-
(A) L1 + L2 (B) L1 L2
L1L 2
(C) L1L 2 (D)
L1  L 2

Q22. The value of coefficient of mutual induction in two coils can be increased by-
(A) placing the coils mutually perpendicular.

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(B) keeping the coils near to each other.

(C) keeping the coils considerably apart.
(D) winding the core on the common iron magnetic material and insulating them.
Q23. Two identical solenoid coils, each of self inductance L are connected in series. Their turns are in
the same sense, and the distance between them is such that the coefficient of coupling is half.
Then the equivalent inductance of the combination is-
(A) L (B) 2L (C) 3L (D) L/2

Read the assertion and reason carefully to mark the correct option out of the options given
below:
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the
assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of the
assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If the assertion and reason both are false.
(e) If assertion is false but reason is true.
1. Assertion : Eddy currents is produced in any metallic conductor when magnetic
flux is changed around it.
Reason : Electric potential determines the flow of charge. [AIIMS 1995]

2. Assertion : The quantity L/R possesses dimensions of time.

Reason : To reduce the rate of increases of current through a solenoid should increase the
time constant (L/R). [AIIMS 2002]

Assertion : Faraday’s laws are consequences of conservation of energy.

3.
Reason : In a purely resistive ac circuit, the current lags behind the e.m.f. in phase.
[AIIMS 2002]
4. Assertion : Only a change in magnetic flux will maintain an induced current the
coil.
Reason : The presence of large magnetic flux through a coil maintains a current in the coil if
the circuit is continuous. [AIIMS 1999]

5. Assertion : Magnetic flux can produce induced e.m.f.

Reason : Faraday established induced e.m.f. experimentally.
6. Assertion : The induced e.m.f. and current will be same in two identical loops of
copper and aluminium, when rotated with same speed in the same magnetic field.
Reason : Induced e.m.f. is proportional to rate of change of magnetic field while induced
current depends on resistance of wire.

7. Assertion : Inductance coil are made of copper.

Reason : Induced current is more in wire having less resistance.
8. Assertion : Self-inductance is called the inertia of electricity.
Reason : Self-inductance is the phenomenon, according to which an opposing induced
e.m.f. is produced in a coil as a result of change in current or magnetic flux linked in the
coil.
9. Assertion : When two coils are wound on each other, the mutual induction
between the coils is maximum.
Reason : Mutual induction does not depend on the orientation of the coils.
10. Assertion : Acceleration of a magnet falling through a long solenoid decreases.

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Reason : The induced current produced in a circuit always flow in such direction that
it opposes the change or the cause the produced it.
11. Assertion : An aircraft flies along the meridian, the potential at the ends of its wings
will be the same.
a. Reason : Whenever there is change in the magnetic flux e.m.f.
induces.
12. Assertion : A spark occur between the poles of a switch when the switch is
opened.
a. Reason : Current flowing in the conductor produces magnetic
field.
13. Assertion : In the phenomenon of mutual induction, self induction of each of the
coils persists.
Reason : Self induction arises when strength of current in same coil changes. In mutual
induction, current is changing in both the individual coils.

14. Assertion : Lenz’s law violates the principle of conservation of energy.

Reason : Induced e.m.f., opposes always the change in magnetic flux responsible for
its production.
15. Assertion : The induced emf in a conducting loop of wire will be non zero when it
rotates in a uniform magnetic field.
Reason : The emf is induced due to change in magnetic flux.
16. Assertion : An induced emf is generated when magnet is withdrawn from the
solenoid.
Reason : The relative motion between magnet and solenoid induces emf.
17. Assertion : An artificial satellite with a metal surface is moving above the earth in
a circular orbit. A current will be induced in satellite if the plane of the orbit is
inclined to the plane of the equator.
Reason : The current will be induced only when the speed of satellite is more than 8
km/sec.
18. Assertion : A bar magnet is dropped into a long vertical copper tube. Even taking
air resistance as negligible, the magnet attains a constant terminal velocity. If the tube
is heated, the terminal velocity gets increased.
Reason : The terminal velocity depends on eddy current produced in bar magnet.
19. Assertion : A metal piece and a non-metal (stone) piece are dropped from the same
height near earth’s surface. Both will reach the earth’s surface simultaneously.
Reason : There is no effect of earth’s magnetic field on freely falling body.
20. Assertion : A transformer cannot work on dc supply.
Reason : dc changes neither in magnitude nor in direction.

21. Assertion and Reason ( solution)

1. (b) When a metallic conductor is moved in a magnetic field; magnetic flux is varied. It
disturbs the free electrons of the metal and set up an induced emf in it. As there are
no free ends of the metal i.e. it will be closed in itself so there will be induced
current.
2. (b) The relation of induced emf is e
Ldi
and current i is given by i
e 1 L.di
 . 
dt R R dt
di R i
i  .
dt L L/R

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In order to decreases the rate of increase of current through solenoid. We have to

L
increase the time constant .
R
3. (c) According to Faraday's laws, the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical
energy. This is in accordance with the law of conservation of energy. It is also
clearly known that in pure resistance, the emf is in phase with the current.
4. (c) Presence of magnetic flux cannot produce current.
5. (e) E.M.F. induces, when there is change in magnetic flux. Faraday did experiment in
which, there is relative motion between the coil and magnet, the flux linked with the
coil changes and e.m.f. induces.
6. (e) Since both the loops are identical (same area and number of turns) and moving with
a same speed in same magnetic field. Therefore same emf is induced in both the
coils. But the induced current will be more in the copper loop as its resistance will
be lesser as compared to that of the aluminium loop.
7. (a) The inductance coils made of copper will have very small ohmic resistance. Due to
change in magnetic flux a large induced current will be produced in such an
inductance, which will offer appreciable opposition to the flow of current.
8. (b) Self-inductance of a coil is its property virtue of which the coil opposes any change
in the current flowing through it.
9. (c) The manner in which the two coils are oriented, determines the coefficient of
coupling between them.
M  K 2 .L1 L2

When the two coils are wound on each other, the coefficient of coupling is
maximum and hence mutual inductance between the coil is maximum.
10. (a) The induced current in the ring opposes the motion of falling magnet. Therefore, the
acceleration of the falling magnet will be less than that due to gravity.
11. (e) As the aircraft flies, magnetic flux changes through its wings due to the vertical
component of the earth’s magnetic field. Due to this, induced emf is produced across
the wings of the aircraft. Therefore, the wings of the aircraft will not be at the same
potential.
12. (b) According to Lenz’s law, induced emf are in a direction such as to attempt to
maintain the original magnetic flux when a change occurs. When the switch is
opened, the sudden drop in the magnetic field in the circuit induces an emf in a
direction that attempts to keep the original current flowing. This can cause a spark as
the current bridges the air gap between the poles of the switch. (The spark is more
likely in circuits with large inductance).
13. (b) Mutual inductance is the phenomenon according to which an opposing e.m.f.
produce flux in a coil as a result of change in current or magnetic flux linked with a
neighboring coil. But when two coils are inductively coupled, in addition to induced

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e.m.f. produced due to mutual induction, also induced e.m.f. is produced in each of
the two coils due to self-induction.
14. (e) Lenz’s Law is based on conservation of energy and induced emf always opposes the
cause of it i.e., change in magnetic flux.
 
15. (a) As the coil rotates, the magnetic flux linked with the coil (being B . A ) will change
and emf will be induced in the loop.
16. (a)
17. (c) When the satellite moves in inclined plane with equatorial plane (including orbit
around the poles), the value of magnetic field will change both in magnitude and
direction. Due to this, the magnetic flux through the satellite will change and hence
induced currents will be produced in the metal of the satellite. But no current will
induced if satellite orbits in the equatorial plane because the magnetic flux does not
change through the metal of the satellite in this plane.
18. (b) When the tube is heated its resistance gets increased due to which eddy currents
produced in copper tube becomes weak. Hence opposing force also gets reduced and
the terminal velocity of magnet gets increased.
19. (d) When a metal piece falls from a certain height then eddy currents are produced in it
due to earth’s magnetic field. Eddy current oppose the motion of piece. Hence metal
piece falls with a smaller acceleration (as compared to g). But no eddy current are
produced in non-metal piece, hence it drops with acceleration due to gravity.
Therefore non-metal piece will reach the earth’s surface earlier.
20.(a) Transformer works on ac only, ac changes in magnitude as well as in direction.

Subjective questions:
1. Figure shows planar loops of different shapes moving out of or into a region of
magnetic field which is directed normal to the plane of loops downwards.
Determine the direction of induced current in each loop using Lenz’s law.

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2. A bar magnet falls through a ring of wire having a cut, so as not to form a
closed loop. Will the acceleration of magnet be equal to the acceleration due
to gravity? State the reason.
3 A copper ring is suspended by a thread in a vertical plane. North pole of a
magnet is brought horizontally towards the ring. Will the motion of the magnet
affect the position of the ring?
4 A rectangular loop of wire is being withdrawn out of the magnetic field with

velocity v . The magnetic field is perpendicular to the plane of paper. What will
be the direction of induced current, if any, in the loop?
5. An air coil solenoid is connected to an ac source and a bulb. If an iron core is
inserted in the solenoid, how does the brightness of the bulb change? Give
reason for your answer.
SECTION B
6. The motion of copper plate is damped when it is allowed to oscillate between
the two poles of a magnet. What is cause of this damping. A 200 turn coil of
self-inductance 20 mH carries a current of 4 mA. Find the magnetic flux linked
with each turn of the coil.
7. What do you mean by Eddy current ? Write their two applications. A 12 V
battery connected to a 6 Ω,10 H coil through a switch drives a constant
current through the circuit. The switch is suddenly opened. If it takes 1 ms to
open the switch, find the average emf induced across the coil.
8. State Faraday and Lenz law.Give one example to illustrate this law.” The Lenz
law is in accordance with law of conservation of energy “Justify this
statement.Calculate the induced emf in a coil of 10 H inductance in which the
current changes fro8 A in 0.2 s.
9. (a) State the law that gives the polarity of the induced EMF. A 10 H inductor
carries a steady current of 2 A. How can a self-induced emf of 100 V be made
to appear in the inductor?
(b) A 12v Battery is connected to a 6ohm,10H coil.The swith is suddenly opened
in 1 mili sec.calculate average emf induced

10. A coil of certain radius has 600 turns and inductance of 108mH .What will be
the inductance of another identical coil of 500 turns ( 75mH )
SECTION C

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Q11. Derive Expression for self inductance of a long solenoid.What is the self-
inductance of a solenoid of length 40 cm, area of cross-section 20 cm2 and
total number of turns 800?
Q12. What do you mean by Mutual Inductance? Two conducting loops of radii R 1
and R2 are placed in the same plane with their centers coinciding with each
other. If R2 << R1, Find the mutual inductance of the two loops.
Q13. State Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction. Figure shows a rectangular
conductor PQRS in which the conductor PQ is free to move in a uniform
magnetic field B perpendicular to the plane of the paper. The field extends
from x = 0 to x = b and is zero for x > b. Assume that only the arm PQ is
pulled outward from x = 0 to x = 2b and is then moved backward to x = 0 with
constant speed v, obtain the expressions for the flux induced emf, Force and
power . Sketch the variations of these quantities with distance 0  x  2b.

Q14. A circular coil of radius 8.0 cm and 20 turns rotates about its vertical diameter
with an angular speed of 50 s–1 in a uniform horizontal magnetic field of
magnitude 3.0 × 10–2 T. Obtain the maximum and the average emf induced in
the coil. If the coil forms a closed loop of resistance 10 Ω, how much power is
dissipated as heat? What is the source of this power?
Q15.. Explain briefly ,with help of a labeled diagram ,the basic principle of the
working of an A.C. Generator.
In an AC generator, coil of N turns and area A is rotated at n revolution per
second in a uniform magnetic field B.Write an expression for the emf
produced.
A 100 turn coil of area 0.1 m2 rotates at half a revolution per second . It is
placed in a magnetic field 0.01 T perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the
coil.
16. Find expression for motional electromotive force. A Jet plane is travelling to
wards west at a speed of 1800 Km/hr. what is the voltage developed between

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the ends of the wings having a span of 25 m. I the earth M. field has a
magnitude 5 ×10–4 T and the dip angle is 30o.
17. Circular coil of N-turns and radius R, is kept normal to a magnetic field, given
by B = B0 cos t. Deduce an expression for the emf induced in this coil. State
the rule which helps to detect the direction of induced current.
18. An air cored coil L and a bulb B are connected in series to the ac mains as
shown in the given figure.
The bulb glows with some brightness. How would the glow of the bulb glows
with some brightness. How would the glow of the bulb change if an iron rod
were inserted in the coil. Give reasons in support of your answer.

What do you mean by mutual inductance of two nearby coils? Find an

expression for mutual inductance of two co-axial solenoid.
19.. The annular disc of copper, with inner radius a and outer radius b is rotating
with a uniform angular speed w, in a region where a uniform magnetic field B
along the axis of rotation exists. Then find the emf induced between inner side
1
and the outer rim of the disc . ( Bw (b2 – a2))
2
× × × × × ×
× × × × × ×
B × × ×
× × a
× × × × × ×
× × × ×b × ×
× × × × × ×
20. (A)Figure shows a bar magnet M falling under gravity through an air cored coil
C. Plot a graph showing variation of induced e.m.f. (E) with time (t). What
does the area enclosed by the E–t curve depict?

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(B)A coil of number of terns N, area A is rotated at a constant angular speed

is , in a uniform magnetic field B and connected to a resistor R. Deduce
expression for:
(a) maximum emf induced in the coil.
(b) power dissipation in the coil

Extra questions:
Q.1 Two concentric circular coils one of small radius r1 and other r2 (r1 << r2) are placed
co-axially with centre coinciding. Obtain mutual Inductance of the arrangement.
Q.2 A bird whose wings span is 2 cm and flying with 10m/sec. above earth having vertical
5
component of M. Field 4  10 T . What will be the induced e.m.f.?
Q.3 A pair of adjacent coils has a mutual inductance of 1.5 H. If the current in one coil
changes from 0 to 20 A in 0.5 sec, what is the change of flux linkage with the other
coil?
Q.4 Kamla peddles a stationary. Which consist of 100 turns coil of area 0.10m2 the coil
rotator at half a revolution per second in a M. Find of 0.01 T. perpendicular to axis y
coil. What is maximum voltage generated in the coil?
Q.5. Obtain expression for flux, e.m.f. and force to pull the arm and the power dissipated
as joule if rod will move from x=0 to 2b and 2b to 0

Sketch the variation with time.

Q.6 What are eddy current? How are these produced in what sense are eddy current
undesirable in a transformer. How they can reduced?
Q.7 “Lenz’s Law is in accordance with law of conservation of Energy. Explain two
identical loops one of copper and another of aluminum are rotated with the same
speed in the same magnetic find in which case.
(a) induced e.m.f. (ii) induced current will be more and why?
Q.8 Use Lenz’s Law to determine the direction of induced current in the situation.

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(a) A wire of irregular shape turning into a circular shape.

(b) Circular loop deformed in to a narrow st. wire.
Q.9 The current through the wire PQ in increasing. In which direction does the induced
current flow in the closed loop?

Q.10 Derive an expression for the mutual inductance of two long co-axial Solenoids of
same length.
Electro Magnetic Induction

Q1. Figure shows planar loops of different shapes moving out of or into a region of
magnetic field which is directed normal to the plane of loops downwards. Determine
the direction of induced current in each loop using Lenz’s law.

Q2. A closed loop is held stationary in the magnetic field between the north and south
poles of two permanent magnets held fixed. If the magnets held fixed. If the magnets
are strong, will the current be generated in the loop?

S N S N

Q3. A closed loop moves normal to constant electric field between the plates of a large
capacitor. Is the current induced in loop (i) when it is wholly inside the region
between the capacitor plates. (ii) when it is partially outside? The electric field is
normal to the plane of the loop.
Q4. A rectangular loop and a circular loop are moving out of a uniform magnetic field
region to a field free region with a constant velocity. In which loop do you expect the

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induced emf to be a constant during the passage out of the field region? The field is
normal to the loop.
Q5. Predict the polarity of the capacitor C connected to coil, which is situated between
two bar magnets moving as shown in figure.

Q6. Two concentric circular coils, one of small radius r2 and the other large radius r1, such
that r2 << r1 are placed co-axially with centers coinciding. Obtain the mutual
inductance of the arrangement.

Q7. Predict the direction of induced current in the situations described in the following
figures.

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(d) Rheostat setting being changed

Q8. Use Lenz’s law to determine the direction of induced current in the situation
described by following figures.

(a)

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(a) A wire of irregular shape turning into a circular shape.

(b) A circular loop being deformed into a narrow straight wire.
Q8. How does the mutual inductance of a pair of coils change when?
(i) Distance between the coils is increased
(ii ). Number of turns in the coils is increased

Q9. The motion of copper plate is damped when it is allowed to oscillate between the two
poles of a magnet.What is cause of this damping. A 200 turn coil of self-inductance
20 mH carries a current of 4 mA. Find the magnetic flux linked with each turn of the
coil.
Q10. State Faraday and Lenz law.Give one example to illustrate this law.” The Lenz law is
in accordance with law of conservation of energy “Justify this statement.Calculate the
induced emf in a coil of 10 H inductance in which the current changes fro8 A in 0.2 s.
Q11.. What do you mean by Eddy current ? Write their two applications. A 12 V battery
connected to a 6 Ω,10 H coil through a switch drives a constant current through the
circuit. The switch is suddenly opened. If it takes 1 ms to open the switch, find the
average emf induced across the coil.
Q12. State the law that gives the polarity of the induced EMF. A 10 H inductor carries a
steady current of 2 A. How can a self-induced emf of 100 V be made to appear in the
inductor?
Figure shows a rectangular conducting loop in which arm PQ is movable. The loop is
kept in a uniform magnetic field B directed downward perpendicular to the plane of
the loop. The arm PQ is moved with a uniform speed v

Deduce an expression for

(i) The emf induced across the arm PQ
(ii) The external force required to move the arm
(iii) Power dissipated as heat

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Q13. Derive Expression for self inductance of a long solenoid.What is the self-inductance
of a solenoid of length 40 cm, area of cross-section 20 cm2 and total number of turns
800?
Q14. What do you mean by Mutual Inductance? Two conducting loops of radii R1 and R2
are placed in the same plane with their centers coinciding with each other. If R2 <<
R1, Find the mutual inductance of the two loops.
Q15. A circular coil of radius 8.0 cm and 20 turns rotates about its vertical diameter with an
angular speed of 50 s–1 in a uniform horizontal magnetic field of magnitude 3.0 × 10–2
T. Obtain the maximum and the average emf induced in the coil. If the coil forms a
closed loop of resistance 10 Ω, how much power is dissipated as heat? What is the
source of this power?
Q16. Magnetic flux of 5 microweber is linked with a coil, when a current of 1 mA flows
through it. What is the self-inductance of the coil?
Q17. Explain briefly ,with help of a labeled diagram ,the basic principle of the working of an
A.C. Generator.
In an AC generator, coil of N turns and area A is rotated at n revolution per second in
a uniform magnetic field B.Write an expression for the emf produced.
A 100 turn coil of area 0.1 m2 rotates at half a revolution per second . It is placed in a
magnetic field 0.01 T perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the coil.

Q18. Find expression for motional electromotive force. A Jet plane is travelling to wards
west at a speed of 1800 Km/hr. what is the voltage developed between the ends of
the wings having a span of 25 m. I the earth M. field have a magnitude 5 ×10–4 T and
the dip angle is 30o.
Q19. An air coil solenoid is connected to an ac source and a bulb. If an iron core is
inserted in the solenoid, how does the brightness of the bulb change? Give reason
for your answer.
Q20. Circular coil of N-turns and radius R, is kept normal to a magnetic field, given by B =
B0 cos t. Deduce an expression for the emf induced in this coil. State the rule which
helps to detect the direction of induced current.
21. An air cored coil L and a bulb B are connected in series to the ac mains as shown in
the given figure.
The bulb glows with some brightness. How would the glow of the bulb glows with
some brightness. How would the glow of the bulb change if an iron rod were inserted
in the coil? Give reasons in support of your answer.

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What do you mean by mutual inductance of two nearby coils? Find an expression for
mutual inductance of two co-axial solenoid.


21... A magnetic field in a certain region is given by B  B0 cos ( t ) kˆ and a coil of radius

a with resistance R is placed in the x–y plane with its centre at the origin in the
magnetic field (see figure) Find the magnitude and the direction of the current at (a,
0, 0) at t   / 2 , t   /  and t  3 / 2.

22. Figure shows a bar magnet M falling under gravity through an air cored coil C. Plot a
graph showing variation of induced e.m.f. (E) with time (t). What does the area
enclosed by the E–t curve depict?

Q23. A bar magnet falls through a ring of wire having a cut, so as not to form a closed
loop. Will the acceleration of magnet be equal to the acceleration due to gravity?
State the reason.

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Q24. A copper ring is suspended by a thread in a vertical plane. North Pole of a magnet is
brought horizontally towards the ring. Will the motion of the magnet affect the position
of the ring?
Q25. A rectangular loop of wire is being withdrawn out of the magnetic field with velocity

v . The magnetic field is perpendicular to the plane of paper. What will be the direction
of induced current, if any, in the loop?
Q.26 Derive expression for self inductance of a long air-cored solenoid of length l, cross-
sectional area A and having number of turns N.
Q.27 A coil of number of turns N, area A is rotated at a constant angular speed is, in a
uniform magnetic field B and connected to a resistor R. Deduce expression for:
(a) maximum emf induced in the coil.
(b) Power dissipation in the coil

Q28. The electric current in the direction from B to A is decreasing. What is the direction of
induced current in the metallic loop kept above the wire as shown in figure?

Q29. Write S.I. unit of magnetic flux. Is it a scalar or a vector quantity?

Q30. Define the term self-inductance of a coi8l. Give its S.I. unit.
Q31. How does the self-inductance of an air coil change, when (i) the number of turns in
the coil is decreased (ii) an iron rod is introduced in the coil.
Q32. If the number of turns in the solenoid is doubled, keeping other factors constant, how
does the self-inductance of the coil change?
Q33. Give the direction in which induced current flows in the wire loop, when the magnet
moves towards the loop as shown.

Q34. Write an expression for the energy stored in an inductor of inductance ‘L’, when a
steady current is passed through it. Is the energy electric or magnetic?

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Q35. A bar magnet falls from a height ‘h’ through a metal ring. Will its acceleration be
equal to g? Give reason for your answer.
Q36. A plot of magnetic flux () versus current (I) is shown in the figure for two inductors A
and B. Which of the two has large value of self-inductance?

Q37. If the rate of change of current 2 ampere/second induces an emf of 40 mV in the

solenoid, what is the self-inductance of this solenoid?
Q38. The closed loop PQRS is moving into uniform magnetic field acting at right angles to
the plane of the paper as shown. State the direction of the induced current in the
loop.

Q39. Two loops of different shapes are moved in the region of a uniform magnetic field
pointing downward. The loops are moved in the directions shows by arrows. What is
the direction of induced current in each loop?

Q40. If the self-inductance of an iron core inductor increases from 0.01 mH to 10 mH on

introducing the iron core into it, what is the relative permeability of the core material
used?
Q41. Define mutual inductance and give its S.I. unit.
Q42. When current in a coil changes with time, how is the back emf induced in the coil
related to it?

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Q43. Why does a metallic piece become very hot when it is surrounded by a coil carrying
high frequency alternating current?
Q44. A rectangular wire frame, shown below, is placed in a uniform magnetic field directed
upward and normal to the plane of the paper. The part AB is connected to a spring.
The spring is stretched and released when the wire AB has come to the position A’ B’
(t = 0). How would the induced emf vary with time? Neglect damping.

Q45. Consider a magnet surrounded by a wire with an on/off switch S (as shown in figure).
If the switch is thrown from the off position (open circuit) to the on position (closed
circuit, will a current flow in the circuit? Explain.

Q46. A wire in the form of a tightly wound solenoid is connected to a DC source, and
carries a current. If the coil is stretched so that there are gaps between successive
elements of the spiral coil, will the current increase or decrease? Explain.
Q47. A solenoid is connected to a battery so that a steady current flows through it. If an
iron core is inserted into the solenoid, will the current increase or decrease? Explain.
Q48. Consider a metal ring kept on top of a fixed solenoid (say on a cardboard) (in figure).
The centre of the ring coincides with the axis of the solenoid. If the current is
suddenly switched on, the metal ring jumps up. Explain.

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Q49. Consider a metal ring kept (supported by a cardboard) on top of a fixed solenoid
carrying a current I (in figure). The centre of the ring coincides with the axis of the
solenoid. If the current in the solenoid is switched off, what will happen to the ring?
Q50. Consider a metallic pipe with an inner radius of 1 cm. If a cylindrical bar magnet of
radius 0.8 cm is dropped through the pipe, it takes more time to come down than it
takes for a similar unmagnetised cylindrical iron bar dropped through the metallic
pipe. Explain.
Q51. A conducting rod AB is moving parallel to X-axis in a uniform magnetic field pointing
along (+) Z axis (figure). Which end of rod will be positively charged?

Q52. A coil is removed from a magnetic field (i) rapidly (ii) slowly. In which case more work
will be done?
Q53. Give the direction in which the induced current flows in the coil mounted on an
insulating stand when a bar magnet is quickly moved along the axis of the coil from
one side to the other as shown in the figure.

S N

Q54. A cylindrical bar magnet is kept along the axis of a circular coil and near it as shown
in figure will there be any induced emf at the terminals of the coil, when the magnet is

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rotated (a) about its own axis and (b) about an axis perpendicular to the length of the
magnet?

Q55. A Current is induced in coil C1 due to the motion of current carrying coil C2. (a) Write
any two ways by which a large deflection can be obtained in the galvanometer. G. (b)
Suggest an alternative device to demonstrate the induced current in place of a
galvanometer.

Q56. Two circular coils, one of radius r and the other of radius R are placed co-axially with
their centres coinciding. For R >> r, obtain an expression for the mutual inductance of
the arrangement.

Q57. Two identical loops, one of copper and the other of aluminum, are rotated with the
same angular speed in the same magnetic field. Compare (i) the induced emf and (ii)
the current produced in the two coils. Justify your answer.
Q58. Figure shows an arrangement by which current flows through the bulb (X) connected
with coil B, when ac is passed through coil A.

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(i) Name the phenomenon involved.

(ii) If a copper sheet is inserted in the gap between the coils, explain how the
brightness of the bulb would change?

Q59. State Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction. Figure shows a rectangular

conductor PQRS in which the conductor PQ is free to move in a uniform magnetic
field B perpendicular to the plane of the paper. The field extends from x = 0 to x = b
and is zero for x > b. Assume that only the arm PQ is pulled outward from x = 0 to x =
2b and is then moved backward to x = 0 with constant speed v, obtain the
expressions for the flux and the induced emf. Sketch the variations of these
quantities with distance 0  x  2b.

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Alternating Current

Alternating Current BY Dr. Mukesh Shrimali

Multiple Choice Questions

Q.1 A resistor , an inductance and a capacitance are connected in series to an AC supply. When
measured with the help of an AC voltmeter, the potential difference across resistor is found to
be 40 V across inductor 30 V and across capacitor 60 V, What is supply voltage
(a) 130V (b) 50V
(c) 70V (d) 100V
 
In an ac circuit, the current is given by i  5 sin  100 t 
2 
Q.2 and the ac potential is

V  200 sin (100) volt. Then the power consumption is
(a) 20 watts (b) 40 watts
(c) 1000 watts (d) 0 watt

Q.3 In an ac circuit, the current is given by i = 4 sin (100t + 30º) ampere. The current becomes
maximum first time (after t = 0) at t equal to -
(A) (1/200) sec (B) (1/300) sec
(C) (1/50) sec (D) None of the above

Q.4 The instantaneous value of current in an ac circuit is  = 2 sin (100t + /3) A. The current at the
beginning (t = 0) will be -
(A) 2 3 A (B) 3A

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3
(C) A (D) Zero
2


Q.5 In A.C. circuit the average value per cycle of e.m.f. or current is -
(A) peak value / 2 (B) 0
(C) peak value (D) None of the above

Q.6 Ratio of rms & average value of alternating signal (form factor) -
(A)  2 (B) 2 2 
 
(C) (D)
2 2 2

Q.7 The r.m.s. value of potential due to superposition of given two alternating potentials E1 = E0 sin
t and E2 = E0 cos t will be -
(A) E0 (B) 2E0
(C) E0 2 (D) 0
Q.8 If the value of Erms is 5 volt, then the amplitude of emf in volt is -
1
(A) 1 (B)
5
(C) 5 (D) 5 2

Q.9 A mixer of 1000 resistance is connected to an A.C. source of 200V and 50 cycle/sec. the value
of average potential difference across the mixer will be -
(A) 308 V (B) 264 V
(C) 220 V (D) 0

Q.10 If instantaneous value of current is

 = 10 sin (314 t) A,
then the average current for the half cycle will be -
(A) 10 A (B) 7.07 A
(C) 6.37 A (D) 3.53 A

Q.11 The r.m.s. value of alternating current is 10 amp having frequency of 50 Hz. The time taken by the
current to increase from zero to maximum and the maximum value of current will be -
(A) 2 × 10–2 sec. and 14.14 amp
(B) 1 × 10–2 sec. and 7.07 amp
(C) 5 × 10–3 sec. and 7.07 amp
(D) 5 × 10–3 sec. and 14.14 amp

Q.12 n a circuit an a.c. current and a d. c. current are supplied together. The expression of the
instantaneous current is given as
i = 3 + 6 sin t
Then the rms value of the current is -
(A) 3 (B) 6
(C) 3 2 (D) 3 3

Q.13 The emf and the current in a circuit are

E = 12 sin (100t) ;

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= 4 sin (100t + / 3) then -

(A) The current leads the emf by 60º
(B) The current lags the emf by 60º
(C) The emf leads the current by 60º
(D) The phase difference between the current and the emf is zero
Q.14n the given figure, the potential difference is shown on R, L and C. The e.m.f. of source in volt is -
30V 60V 100V
C
R L

~ e

(A) 190 (B) 70

(C) 50 (D) 40
Q.15n pure inductive circuit, the curves between frequency f and inductive reactance 1/XL is -

1 1
XL XL
(A) (B)

f f

1 1
XL XL
(C) (D)

f f

Q.16The impedance of the given circuit will be -

150
~

200
(A) 50 ohm (B) 150 ohm
(C) 200 ohm (D) 250 ohm
Q.17n an L–C–R series circuit the loss of power is in -
(A) Only R (B) Only L
(C) Only C (D) both L and C

Q.18An air core coil and an electric bulb are connected in series with an A.C. source. If an iron rod is put
in the coil, then the intensity of bulb’s will-
(A) Be same
(B) Increase
(C) Decrease
(D) Decrease, increase

Q.19 If a bulb and a coil are connected in series with D.C. source and a iron core put in the coil then the
glowing of bulb -
(A) Decreases (B) Increases
(C) No change (D) Zero

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Q.20The correctly marked ammeter for A.C. current is shown in -

(A)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

(B)
0 1 2 4

(C)
0 1 2 3 4
(D) None of these

Q.21Which of the following figure showing the phase relationship is correct phase diagram for an R–C
circuit-
I
V
(A) (B)
V I
V I
(C) (D)
V
I


Read the assertion and reason carefully to mark the correct option out of the options given
below:
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the
assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of the
assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If the assertion and reason both are false.
(e) If assertion is false but reason is true.
1. Assertion : In series LCR circuit resonance can take place.
Reason : Resonance takes place if inductance and capacitive reactances are equal and
opposite.
2. Assertion : The alternating current lags behind the e.m.f. by a phase angle of  / 2 , when ac
flows through an inductor.
Reason : The inductive reactance increases as the frequency of ac source decreases.
3. Assertion : Capacitor serves as a block for dc and offers an easy path to ac.
Reason : Capacitive reactance is inversely proportional to frequency.
4. Assertion : When capacitive reactance is smaller than the inductive reactance in LCR
current, e.m.f. leads the current .
Reason : The phase angle is the angle between the alternating e.m.f. and alternating
current of the circuit.

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5. Assertion : Chock coil is preferred over a resistor to adjust current in an ac circuit.

Reason : Power factor for inductance is zero.
6. Assertion : If the frequency of alternating current in an ac circuit consisting of an
inductance coil is increased then current gets decreased.
Reason : The current is inversely proportional to frequency of alternating current.
7. Assertion : A bulb connected in series with a solenoid is connected to ac source. If a
soft iron core is introduced in the solenoid, the bulb will glow brighter.
Reason : On introducing soft iron core in the solenoid, the inductance increases.
8. Assertion : An alternating current does not show any magnetic effect.
Reason : Alternating current varies with time.
9. Assertion : The dc and ac both can be measured by a hot wire instrument.
Reason : The hot wire instrument is based on the principle of magnetic effect of
current.
10. Assertion : ac is more dangerous than dc
Reason : Frequency of ac is dangerous for human body.
11. Assertion : Average value of ac over a complete cycle is always zero.
Reason : Average value of ac is always defined over half cycle.
12. Assertion : The division are equally marked on the scale of ac ammeter.
Reason : Heat produced is directly proportional to the current.
13. Assertion : When ac circuit contain resistor only, its power is minimum.
Reason : Power of a circuit is independent of phase angle.
14. Assertion : An electric lamp connected in series with a variable capacitor and ac
source, its brightness increases with increase in capacitance.
Reason : Capacitive reactance decrease with increase in capacitance of capacitor.
15. Assertion : An inductance and a resistance are connected in series with an ac circuit.
In this circuit the current and the potential difference across the resistance lag behind
potential difference across the inductance by an angle /2.
Reason : In LR circuit voltage leads the current by phase angle which depends on the
value of inductance and resistance both.
16. Assertion : A capacitor of suitable capacitance can be used in an ac circuit in place of
the choke coil.
Reason : A capacitor blocks dc and allows ac only.
Assertion and Reason

1(a) At resonant frequency, X L  XC  ZR (minimum) there for current in the circuit is
maximum.

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2(c) When ac flows through an inductor current lags behind the emf., by phase of /2,
inductive reactance, X L  L   .2 f .L, so when frequency increases correspondingly inductive
reactance also increases.
3.(a) The capacitive reactance of capacitor is given by
1 1
XC  
C 2fC

So this is infinite for dc (f = 0) and has a very small value for ac. Therefore a
capacitor blocks dc.
4.(b) The phase angle for the LCR circuit is given by
X L  X C L  1 / C
tan   
R R

Where XL, XC are inductive reactance and capacitive reactance respectively when XL
> XC then tan is positive i.e.  is positive (between 0 and /2). Hence emf leads the
current.
5.(a) If resistor is used in controlling ac supply, electrical energy will be wasted in the
form of heat energy across the resistance wire. However, ac supply can be controlled with
choke without any wastage of energy. This is because, power factor (cos ) for resistance is
unity and is zero for an inductance. [P = EI cos].
6.(a) When frequency of alternating current is increased, the effective resistance of the
inductive coil increases. Current (X L  L  2fL) in the circuit containing inductor is given by
V V
I  . As inductive resistance of the inductor increases, current in the circuit
X L 2fL

decreases.
7(e) On introducing soft iron core, the bulb will glow dimmer. This is because on
introducing soft iron core in the solenoid, its inductance L increases, the inductive reactance,
X L   L increases and hence the current through the bulb decreases.

8(b) Like direct current, an alternating current also produces magnetic field. But the
magnitude and direction of the field goes on changing continuously with time.
9(c) Both ac and dc produce heat, which is proportional to square of the current. The
reversal of direction of current in ac is immaterial so far as production of heat is concerned.
10(a) The effect of ac on the body depends largely on the frequency. Low frequency
currents of 50 to 60 Hz (cycles/sec), which are commonly used, are usually more dangerous
than high frequency currents and are 3 to 5 times more dangerous than dc of same voltage
and amperage (current). The usual frequency of 50 cps (or 60 cps) is extremely dangerous as
it corresponds to the fibrillation frequency of the myocardium. This results in ventricular
fibrillation and instant death.
11(b) The mean average value of alternating current (or emf) during a half, cycle is given
by Im  0.636 I0 (or Em  0.636 E0 )

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During the next half cycle, the mean value of ac will be equal in magnitude but
opposite in direction.
For this reason the average value of ac over a complete cycle is always zero. So the
average value is always defined over a half cycle of ac.
12(d) An ac ammeter is constructed on the basics of heating effect of the electric current.
Since heat produced varies as square of current (H  I 2 R) . Therefore the division marked on the
scale of ac ammeter are not equally spaced.
13(d) The power of a ac circuit is given by P  EI cos 

where cos is power factor and  is phase angle. In case of circuit containing
resistance only, phase angle is zero and power factor is equal to one. Therefore
power is maximum in case of circuit containing resistor only.
1
14(a) Capacitive reactance XC  . When capacitance (C) increases, the capacitive
C
reactance decreases. Due to decrease in its values, the current in the circuit will increases
 
 E 
 I  2 
and hence brightness of source (or electric lamp) will also increases.
 R  X C 
2

15(b) As both the

inductance and resistance are VL
joined in series, hence
V
current through both will be
same. But in case of 
I
resistance, both the current VR

and potential vary simultaneously, hence they are in same phase. In case of an inductance
when current is zero, potential difference across it is maximum and when current reaches
maximum (at  t = /2), potential difference across it becomes zero i.e. potential difference
leads the current by /2 or current lags behind the potential difference by /2, Phase angle in
 L 
case of LR circuit is given as   tan 1  .
 R 

16(b) We can use a capacitor of suitable capacitance as a chock coil, because average
power consumed per cycle in an ideal capacitor is zero. Therefore, like a choke coil, a
condenser can reduce ac without power dissipation.

Subjective Questions:

Q1. A source of voltage V= V0 sinwt is connected across pure capacitor. Derive an

expression of current and average power in circuit
Q2. When a lamp is connected to an alternating voltage supply , its light with the
same brightness as when connected to a 12 V DC battery. What is the peak
value of alternating voltage source.

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Q3. A Coil of inductance 0.50 H and resistance 100 ohm is connected to a 240V,
50 z ac supply.What is maximum current in the coil. What is time lag between
the voltage maximum and the current maximum.
Q4. On what principle metal detector work? A radio wave of wavelength 300m can
be transmitted by a transmission centre. A condenser of capacity 2.4 micro F
is available. Calculate the inductance of the required coil for resonance
Q.5 Show that average. power in the A.C. circuit containing Resister only is
2
im
P R where im is current amplitude.
2
Q.6 A light bulb is rated at 100w for a 220 V supply. Find (a) resistance of the
bulb, (b) peak voltage of the source (c) r.m.s. current through the bulb.
Q.7 Draw Graph showing variation of V and I versus wt in a circuit containing
Inductor only. Then prove that average. power supplied to an inductor over
one complete cycle is zero.
Q.8 A Lamp is connected in series with a capacitor predict your observation for dc
and ac connection. What happens in each case if the capacitance of the
capacitor is reduced? What will happen if we replace capacitor with inductor
and then we insert iron rod.
Q.9 What do you mean by steady state solution of LCR circuit? Draw the phases
diagram and write voltage equation for the circuit. Show that phase angle
 Xc  XL 
  tan 1  Then prove that impedance of LCR circuit is
 R 
Z  R2  ( X L  X C )2
Q.10 “We cannot have resonance in RL and RC circuit” Explain. Find expression
for resonant frequency and Impedance at resonance. Then explain sharpness
WoL
of resonance and show that quality factor will be given as Q 
R
Q.11 (a)Power factor can often be improved by the use of a capacitor of
appropriate capacitance in the circuit. Explain.
(b) An alternating voltage e= 200sin300t is applied across a series
combination of R= 10Ω and inductor coil of 800Mh. Calculate
(1) Impedance (2) Peak value of current (c) Power factor of circuit.
Q.12 A voltage of 283 peak value and 50 HZ is applied to a series LCR circuit in
which R = 3, L = 25.48 mH and C = 796 F. Find
(a)the impedance of the circuit (b) phase different between voltage and
current.
(c) the power dissipation (d) Power factor
(e) What is the frequency of the source at which resonance occurs.
(f) Calculate the impedance, current and the power at resonant condition.
Q.13 Explain LC oscillation in detail show that in the free oscillation of LC circuit.
The sum of energy stored in inductor and capacitor is constant in time.
Q.14(a)What do you mean by transformer. What it transform? Explain its working
then explain energy losses.
(b)A power transmission line feeds input power at 2300V to a step-down
transformer with primary winding 4000 terms. What should be the number of
term in the secondary in order to get output at 230V?
Q15. (a)The electric mains were marked as 220V, 50 Hz, Write down its equation
for instantaneous emf.

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(b)Find the time required for a 60 Hz alternating current to reach its peak
value
Q.16 (a) A 25 mF capacitor, 0.10 Henry inductor and a 25 ohm resister are
connected in series with an A.C. source where e.m.f. is given by. E = 310 sin
314 t
(i)Find freq (2) reactance (3) impedance (4) elective voltage across the
capacitor, inductor and resister.
(b) In a series LCR circuit connected to a variable frequency 230 V with L =
5.0 H, C = 80F, R = 40Determine the source frequency which drives the
circuit in resonance.
Obtain the impedance of the circuit and the amplitude of current at resonating
freq. determine the r.m.f. potential across the three elements.
Q.17 (a)With the help of a labeled diagram. Explain the principle, construction and
working of an A.C. Generator.
(b) An AC generator consist of coil of 50 turns and area 2.5 m 2 rotating at an
angular speed of 60 rad/sec.in a uniform magnetic field B= 0.30 T between
two fixed pole pieces. If R= 500Ω
(a) What is maximum current drawn from generator
(b) What is flux through the coil when current is zero
(c) Would the generator work if the coil remain stationary and magnetic pole
pieces rotated with same speed.

Q18. (a)The power factor of an AC circuit is 0.5. What is the phase difference
between voltage and current in this circuit ?

(b) A 100 micro F capacitor is charged with a 50 V supply. Then source

supply is removed and the capacitor is connected across an inductance as a
result of which 5 A current flows through the inductance. Calculate the value
of the inductance.

Q19. In series LCR circuit with an AC source of effective voltage 50V, frequency =
50/ᴫ Hz, R = 300 ohm C= 20 micro Farad and L= 1.0 H. Find the rms current
in the circuit.
Q20. A series LCR circuit with L= 5.0 H , C= 80 micro Farad R= 40 ohm connected
to a variable frequency 240 V source. Calculate
(a) The angular frequency of the source which drive the circuits at resonance
(b) The current at resonance
(c) The rms potential drop across the capacitor.

Extra Questions:
Q1. Which one is the only circuit element in AC circuit which dissipates power.
Q2. On what principle metal detector work?
2
im
Q.3 Show that average. power in the A.C. circuit containing Resister only is P  R
2
where im is current amplitude.
Q.4 A light bulb is rated at 100w for a 220 V supply. Find (a) resistance of the bulb, (b)
peak voltage of the source (c) r.m.s. current through the bulb.
Q.5 Draw Graph showing variation of V and I versus wt in a circuit containing Inductor
only. Then prove that average. power supplied to an inductor over one complete
cycle is zero.

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Q.6 A Lamp is connected in series with a capacitor predicts your observation for dc and
ac connection. What happens in each case if the capacitance of the capacitor is
reduced? What will happen if we replace capacitor with inductor and then we insert
iron rod.
Q.7 What do you mean by steady state solution of LCR circuit? Draw the phases diagram
and write voltage equation for the circuit. Show that phase angle
 Xc  XL 
  tan 1  Then prove that impedance of LCR circuit is
 R 
Z  R2  ( X L  X C )2
Q.8 “We cannot have resonance in RL and RC circuit” Explain. Find expression for
resonant frequency and Impedance at resonance. Then explain sharpness of
WoL
resonance and show that quality factor will be given as Q 
R
Q.9 Power factor can often be improved by the use of a capacitor of appropriate
capacitance in the circuit. Explain.
Q.10 A voltage of 283 peak value and 50 HZ is applied to a series LCR circuit in which R =
3, L = 25.48 mH and C = 796 F. Find
(a) the impedance of the circuit (b) phase different between voltage and
current.
(c) the power dissipation (d) Power factor
(e) What is the frequency of the source at which resonance occurs.
(f) Calculate the impedance, current and the power at resonant condition.
Q.11 Explain LC oscillation in detail show that in the free oscillation of LC circuit. The sum
of energy stored in inductor and capacitor is constant in time.
Q.12 What do you mean by transformer. What it transform? Explain its working then
explain energy losses.
Q.13 A power transmission line feeds input power at 2300V to a step-down transformer
with primary winding 4000 terms. What should be the number of term in the
secondary in order to get output at 230V?
Q.14 (a) A 25 mF capacitor, 0.10 Henry inductor and a 25 ohm resister are connected in
series with an A.C. source where e.m.f. is given by. E = 310 sin 314 t
(i)Find freq (2) reactance (3) impedance (4) elective voltage across the capacitor,
inductor and resister.
(b) In a series LCR circuit connected to a variable frequency 230 V with L = 5.0 H, C
= 80F, R = 40Determine the source frequency which drives the circuit in
resonance.
Obtain the impedance of the circuit and the amplitude of current at resonating freq.
determine the r.m.s. potential across the three elements.
Q.15 With the help of a labeled diagram. Explain the principle, construction and working of
an A.C. Generator.

Q16. A lamp is connected in series with a capacitor. Predict your observation for dc and ac
connections. What happens in each case if the capacitance is reduced?
Q17. In any ac circuit, is the applied instantaneous voltage equal to the algebraic sum of
the instantaneous voltages across the series elements of the circuit? Is the same true
for rms voltage?
Q18. A capacitor is used in the primary circuit of an induction coil. Explain.

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Q19. An applied voltage single consists of a superposition of a dc voltage and ac voltage

of high frequency. The circuit consists of an inductor and a capacitor in series. Show
that the dc signal will appear across C and the ac voltage across L.
Q20. A coke coil in series with a lamp is connected to a dc line. The lamp is seen to shine
brightly. Insertion of an iron core in the choke causes no change in lamp’s brightness.
Predict the corresponding observations if the connection is to an ac line.
Q21. Why is choke coil needed in use of fluorescent tubes with ac mains? Why can we not
use an ordinary resistor instead of choke coil?
Q22. The instantaneous current in an ac circuit is i = 15 cos 300 t ampere. What is the (i)
rms and (ii) average value of current for a complete cycle?
Q23. What is the phase difference between the voltages across the inductance and a
capacitor in an ac circuit?
Q24. What is the phase difference between voltage and current in a LCR series circuit at
resonance?
Q25. The instantaneous voltage from an ac source is given by E = 300 sin 314t; what is
the rms voltage of the source.
Q26. What is the average value of a.c. voltage
V = V0 sin t

over the time interval t = 0 to t = .

Q27. The peak value of e.m.f. in a.c. E0. Write its (i) rms (ii) average value over a complete
cycle.
Q28. An electrical element X when connected to an alternating voltage source, has a

current through it leading the voltage by rad. Identify X and write an expression
2
for its reactance.
Q29. An alternating current from a source is represented by
I = 10 sin 314 t
Write the corresponding values of
(i) its ‘effective value’ and
(ii) frequency of the source.
Q30. In a series LCR circuit, the voltage across an inductor, a capacitor and a resistor are
30 V, 30 V and 60 V respectively. What is the phase difference between the applied
voltage and current in the circuit?
Q31. What is the rums value of alternating current shown in figure?

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Q32. What is the power dissipated in an ac circuit in which voltage and current are given
 
by V  230 sin  t   and I = 10 sin t?
 2
Q33. The instantaneous current and voltage of an a.c. circuit are given by
i = 10 sin 314t ampere, V = 50 sin 314t volt
What is the power dissipation in the circuit.
Q34. The coils in certain galvanometers have fixed core made of a non-magnetic material.
Why does the oscillating coil come to rest so quickly in such a core?
Q35. The power factor of an ac circuit is 0.5. What will be the phase difference between
voltage and current in this circuit?
Q36. Twelve wires of equal length are connected in the form of a skeleton cube which is
 
moving with velocity v in the direction of magnetic field B . Find the emf in each arm
of the cube.

Q37. What will be the effect on inductive reactance XL and capacitive reactance XC, if
frequency of ac source is increased?
Q38. What is wattles current?
Q39. What is wattles component of current?
Q40. The reading of hot wire ammeter in ac circuit is 10 A. What is rms value of current?
What is peak value?

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Q41. If an LC circuit is considered analogous to a harmonically oscillating spring block

system, which energy of the LC circuit would be analogous to potential energy and
which one analogous to kinetic energy?
Q42. In series LCR circuit, the plot of I max vs  is shown in the figure. Find the bandwidth

and mark in the figure.

Q43. Why is a transformer not used to step up dc voltage?

Q44. The electric mains in a house are marked 220 V, 50 Hz. Write down the equation for
instantaneous voltage.
Q45. Distinguish between the term ‘effective value’ and peak value of alternating current.

Electromagnetic Waves

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Questions Maxwell's concept of EMW

based on displacement current
Q.1 The S.I unit of displacement current is-
(A) Henry (B) Coulomb
(C) Ampere (D) Farad
Q.2 Displacement current is same as-
(A) conduction current due to flow of free electrons
(B) conduction current due to flow of positive ions
(C) conduction current due to flow of both positive and negative free charge carriers
(D) is not a conduction current but is caused by time varying electric field
Q.3 The maxwell’s equation :
   d E 
 B . dl = µ  i   .
0 0
dt 
 is a statement of-

(A) Faraday’s law of induction

(B) Modified Ampere’s law
(C) Gauss’s law of electricity
(D) Gauss’s law of magnetism

  B
Q.4 Maxwell’s equation  E . dl = –
dt
is a statement of-
(A) Ampere’s law
(B) Faraday’s law of induction
(C) Gauss’s law of electricity
(D) Gauss’s law of magnetism

Q.5 The charge of a parallel plate capacitor is varying as q = q0 sin t. Then find the magnitude of
displacement current through the capacitor. (Plate Area = A, separation of plates = d) -
(A) q0 cos(t) (B) q0 sin t

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q 0 A
(C) q0 cos t (D) cost
d
Q.6 The rate of change of voltage of a parallel plate capacitor if the instantaneous displacement current
of 1A is established between the two plates of a 1µF parallel plate capacitor-
(A) 106 v/s (B) 10 v/s
8
(C) 10 v/s (D) 10–6 v/s

Questions
based on
Properties of EMW
Q.7 The relation between electric field E and magnetic field H in an electromagnetic wave is-
µ0
(A) E = H (B) E = H
0
µ0 0
(C) E = H (D) E = H
0 µ0

Q.8 The relation between electric field E and magnetic field induction B in an electromagnetic waves-
µ0
(A) E = B (B) E = cB
0
B B
(C) E = (D) E =
c c2
Q.9 An electromagnetic wave is propagating along Y-axis. Then-
(A) Oscillating electric field is along X-axis and oscillating magnetic field is along Y-axis
(B) Oscillating electric field is along Z-axis and oscillating magnetic field is along X-axis
(C) Both oscillating electric and magnetic fields are along Y-axis, but phase difference between
them is 90º
(D) Both oscillating electric and magnetic fields are mutually perpendicular in arbitrary directions

Q.10 In electromagnetic wave the phase difference between electric and magnetic field vectors E and

B is-
(A) 0 (B) /2 (C)  (D) /4
Q.11 An electromagnetic wave going through vaccum is described by E = E0sin(kx – t)
Which is the following is/are independent of the wavelength ?
(A) k (B) k/ (C) k (D) 
Q.12 In a plane E.M. wave, the electric field oscillates sinusoidally at a frequency of
2.5 × 1010 Hz and amplitude 480 V/m. The amplitude of oscillating magnetic field will be-
(A) 1.52 × 10–8 Wb/m2
(B) 1.52 × 10–7 Wb/m2
(C) 1.6 × 10–6 Wb/m2
(D) 1.6 × 10–7 Wb/m2

Q.13 If 0 and µ0 represent the permittivity and permeability of vaccum and and µ represent the
permittivity and permeability of medium, then refractive index of the medium is given by-
0 µ 0 µ
(A) (B)
µ 0 µ 0
 µ 0 0
(C) (D)
µ 0 0 
Q.14 An electromagnetic wave going through vacuum is described by-
E = E0 sin(kx – t)
B = B0 sin (kx – t)
(A) E0B0 = k (B) E0= B0k

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(C) E0k = B0 (D) none of these

E0
Q.15 The ratio of for a plane electromagnetic wave has the dimension of -
H0
(A) Impedance (B) Resistance
(C) Both (D) None
Q.16 A electromagnetic wave wave going through a medium is given by E = E0sin (kx – t) and
B = B0sin (kx – t) then -
(A) E0k = B0
(B) If Electric is in Z direction them magnetic field should be in –y direction.
(C) Both ‘A’ and ‘B’ are correct
(D) Only A is correct

Q.17 A plane E M wave of frequency 25 MHz travels in free space in x direction. At a particular point
in space and time E = 6.3 ĵ v/m then B at that point is -
(A) 2.1 × 10–8 – k̂ (B) 2.1 × 10–8 k̂
(C) 2.1 k̂ (D) 2.1 × 10–8 î
Questions
based on
Energy density & Intensity
Q.18 The energy density of electromagnetic wave in vacuum is given by the relation-
1 E2 B2 1 1
(A) .  (B) 0E2 + µ0B2
2 0 2µ0 2 2
E 2  B2 1 B2
(C) (D) 0E2 +
C 2 2µ 0
Q.19 The average value of electric energy density in an electromagnetic wave is (E0 is peak value) -
1 E 02
(A) E2 (B)
2 0 0 2 0
1
(C) 0E02 (D) E2
4 0 0
Q.20 A lamp radiates power P0 uniformly in all directions, the amplitude of electric field strength E0 at a
distance r from it is-
P0 
 P0  
(A) E0 = (B) E0 =  2
2 0 cr 2

 2 0 cr 


 P0    P0 
(C) E0 =  2
(D) E0 =  

 4 0 cr 
  8 0 cr 

Q.21 In an electromagnetic wave, the amplitude of electric field is 1 V/m. The frequency of wave is 5 ×
1014 Hz. The wave is propagating along
Z-axis. The average energy density of electric field in joule/m3, will be-
(A) 2.2 × 10–12 (B) 4.4 × 10–12
(C) 6.6 × 10–12 (D) 8.8 × 10–12

Q.22 The sun delivers 103w/m2 of electromagnetic flux to the earth’s surface. The total power that is
incident on a roof of dimensions
8m × 20 m will be-
(A) 2.56 × 104 W (B) 6.4 × 105 W
(C) 4.0 × 105 W (D) 1.6 × 105 W

Q.23 The intensity of visible radiation at a distance of 1 m from a bulb of 100w which converts only 5%
its power into light is-
(A) 0.4 w/m2 (B) 0.5 w/m2

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(C) 0.1 w/m2 (D) 0.01 w/m2

Q.24 On an E M wave, the amplitude of electric and magnetic fields are 100 v/m and
0.265 A/m. the maximum energy flow is-
(A) 26.5 w/m2 (B) 46.7 w/m2
(C) 66.5 w/m 2 (D) 86.5 w/m2
Questions Spectrum of EMW
based on

Q.25 The infra-red spectrum lies between-

(A) radio wave and micro-wave region
(B) the micro-wave and visible region
(C) the visible and ultra violet region
(D) the ultra violet and the X-ray region
Q.26 Consider an electric charge oscillating with a frequency of 10 MHz. The radiation emitted will
have a wavelength equal to-
(A) 20 m (B) 30 m
(C) 40 m (D) 10 m
Q.27 The most penetrating radiation out of the following is-
(A) X-rays (B) -rays
(C) -rays (D) -rays
Q.28 Which of the following electromagnetic waves has minimum frequency ?
(A) radio wave (B) ultrasonic wave
(C) microwave (D) audible wave

ANSWER KEY
LEVEL # 1
Ques. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Ans. C D B B C A C B B A B
Ques. 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
Ans. C B C C C B D D B A D
Ques. 23 24 25 26 27 28
Ans. A A B B D A
Read the assertion and reason carefully to mark the correct option out of the options given
below:
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the
assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of the
assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If the assertion and reason both are false.
(e) If assertion is false but reason is true.
1. Assertion: Light can travel in vacuum but sound cannot (A)

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Reason: Light is an electromagnetic wave but sound is mechanical

wave
2. Assertion: Gamma rays are more energetic than X rays (A)
Reason: Gamma Rays are of nuclear origin while X rays originate from
heavy atoms
3. Assertion: Microwave are better carriers of signals than optical waves
Reason: Microwave move faster than optical waves (C)

Q1. Define Electromagnetic wave. Draw a schematic diagram showing

propagation of electromagnetic wave in x direction. Then explain
following for electromagnetic waves
(i) How velocity of light related to electric and magnetic field vector?
(ii) Is Electromagnetic wave transverse in nature. Justify
(iii) On what basis Maxwell predict that light is electromagnetic ?
(iv) How do electromagnetic wave produced?
(v) Will they require any material medium for their propagation?
(vi) What is phase relation in E and B in Electromagnetic wave?
(vii) What will happen to Electromagnetic wave when subjected to electric and
magnetic field ?
(viii) What do you mean by light vector?
(ix) What is source of electromagnetic wave?
(x) A charged particle oscillates with frequency 109 Hz. What will be
frequency of Electromagnetic wave so produced?

Q2. What do you mean by electromagnetic spectrum? Give their

frequency and wavelength range. then show at least 2 uses of each
of them.
Q3. Explain following observation related to electromagnetic wave
(i) Optical and radio telescope are built on the ground but X rays
astronomy is possible only from satellites orbiting the earth. Why ?
(ii) If Earth did not have an atmosphere would its surface temperature be
higher or lower ?
(iii) Is it necessary to use satellites for T.V. Transmission
(iv) Long distance radio broadcast use short wave band Why ?
(v) Why Ozone layer is important for human survival?

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(vi) What do you mean by nuclear winter ?

Q4. (a)What is common in X rays of wavelength 10-10 m, red light and

radiowaves?
Q5. (a) Find the photon energy for electromagnetic waves of wavelengt
20 m.
(b)A radio can tune to any station in the 7.5MHz to 12 MHz . Find
corresponding wavelength ?
Q6. (a) If Amplitude of M.Field B = 510nT , Find Electric field for EMW
(b) In an electromagnetic wave, show that the average energy
density of E field equals the energy density of B field.
Q7. If Electric Field of EMW oscillates at frequency 2 × 10 10 and
amplitude is 48V/m calculate wavelength, Magnetic field then show
that average energy density of electric field is equal to average
magnetic energy density.
Q8 . Identify the type of EMW for following application
(a)Treat muscular strain (b)FM radio station (c)Detect
Fracture
(d)Absorbed by Ozone (e)Water purifier (f)Remote sensing
(g)Remote control (h)Treatment of cancer (i)Invisible
writings
(j)Default detection (k)To study crystal structure
(l)Polyethylene from ethylene (m).To detect explosive (n)Food
preservation (o)Green house (p)Secret Writing on ancient
walls(q)Microwave ovens(r)Radio astronomy (s)Haze
Photography(t)Radar System(u.)Provide information of world
around us
Q9. (a)Which electromagnetic waves is used for Eye surgery ?
(b) Use the formula λmT=0.29cm K to obtain the characteristics
temperature ranges for different parts of e.m.spectrum. What do
the number that you obtain tell you.

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Q10. (a)What do you mean by displacement current? What is its need

show that in magnitude displacement current is equal to conduction
current ?
(b) The voltage between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor of
capacitance 1.0micro Farad is changing at a rate of 5V/sec. What is
displacement current ?
Q11. Write Maxwell equations for electromagnetic waves .Explain
inconsistency of Ampere circuital law. How Maxwell Modified ACL to
remove inconsistency?
Q12. Give a Brief note of contribution of various scientists in development
of concept of Electromagnetic waves with special reference of sir
J.C. Bose. How electromagnetic waves produced by oscillating
charges?
Q13. If E = 3.1 cos (1.8y + 5.4×108 t )find amplitude of electric field,
wavelength, frequency, and magnetic field. What is direction of
propagation of wave.
Q14. What do you mean by intensity of electromagnetic wave. Calculate
intensity of 100Watt bulb at a distance of 3 m if efficiency of bulb is
2.5% Then equate amplitude of electric and magnetic field.
Q15. Identify the part of the electromagnetic spectrum to which waves of
frequency 1020 Hz and 109 Hz belongs.
Q16. Have you heard about the damage of Ozone layer ? What factors do
you think have caused this damage ?
Q17. Arrange the following electromagnetic waves in decreasing order of
wavelength: γ-rays, X rays, infrared rays and microwaves
Q18. When an ideal capacitor is charged by DC battery ,no current flows,
however when an AC source is connected the current flows
continuously. How does one explain this, based on the concept of
displacement?
Q19. What do you mean by transverse nature of electromagnetic waves ?
Wavelength of electromagnetic radiation is doubled. What will
happen to the energy of the photon ?

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Q20. Welder wear special goggles or face masks window to protect their
eyes from electromagnetic radiations. Name the radiations and
write the range of their frequency.
Extra questions

Q.1 What are important characteristics of EM waves . In a plane electromagnetic wave

,the electric field oscillates at a frequency of 2.0×1010 Hz and amplitude 48 V/m
What is wavelength of wave and amplitude of magnetic field
Q.2 Draw a Sketch of electromagnetic wave. How we can produce EM waves .Explain
the method by which we can produce radio waves.
Q.3 Explain Why
(a) long distance radio broadcast use short wave band?
(b) The small Ozone layer is crucial for human survival
(c ) It is necessary to use satellites for long distance TV transmission
(d) Sound waves is not an electromagnetic waves ?
Q.4 If earth did not have atmosphere would its average temp higher or lower ?
Q.5 Some scientist have predicted that nuclear war on the earth would be followed by a
severe ‘ Nuclear Winter’ with a divesting effect on life on the earth .What must be
basis of this prediction ?
Q.6 Describe electromagnetic spectrum ,giving their wavelength and frequency range,
explain their uses and production briefly
Q.7 What are importance of microwaves. what is working of microwave oven.State the
condition under which a microwave oven heats up a food item containing water
molecules most efficiently.
Q.8 Which of the following can act as a source of electromagnetic waves
(i). A charge moving with a constant velocity
(ii). A charge moving in a circular orbit
(iii). A charge at rest
Q.9 Draw a labeled diagram of Hertz’s experiment to produce electromagnetic waves.
Explain generation of EMW using it.
Q.10 What do you mean by displacement current. What is its origin? When an ideal
capacitor is charged by a DC battery ,no current flows. However when an AC source
is used ,the current flows continuously. How does one explain this ,based on the
concept of displacement current ?
Q.11 Electromagnetic waves with wavelength

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a. 1 are used to treat muscular strain.

b. 2 are used by a FM radio station for broadcasting.
c. 3 are used to detect fracture in bones.
d. 4 are absorbed by the ozone layer of the atmosphere.
Identify and name the part of electromagnetic spectrum to which these radiations
belong. Arrange these wavelengths in decreasing order of magnitude.
Q.12 A radio can tune in to any station between 7.5MHz to 12 MHz. What is
corresponding wavelength band?
Q.13 Which part of electromagnetic spectrum is used in (1) RADAR (2) Studying Crystal
structure (3) Produced in nuclear reaction (4) Absorbed by Ozone layer
Q.14 A charged particle oscillates about its mean position with a frequency of 109 Hz
What is the frequency of the EMW waves produced by the oscillator/
Q.15 Name the constitute radiation of EM spectrum which
(a ) used for studying crystal structure
(b ) satellite communication
(c ) intense heating effect
(d ) Diagnose diseases
(e) Destroy bacteria
Q.16 What physical quantity is same for X rays ,red light and radio waves. Express
refractive Index of medium in terms of electric and magnetic properties.
Q.17 To which regions of the electromagnetic spectrum the following wavelength belongs
2,000A0 , 5,000A0 10,000A0 ,1A0
Q.18 A variable frequency a.c. source is connected to a capacitor. How will the
displacement current change with decrease in frequency ?.
Q.19 What are sources and nature of electromagnetic waves? Is it transverse or
longitudinal ?Two electromagnetic waves are emitted by two black boxes A and B
.The radiations from box A are called X rays and from box B are called γ rays by
their users. Identify the sources of these radiations contained in the black boxes A
and B.
Q.20 Write down all Maxwell Equations then Explain Maxwell modification of Ampere
circuital law. Also explain what is need for this modification.
Q.21 The Charge on a parallel plate capacitor varies as q=q0sin 2π vt. The plate are
very large and close together .Neglecting the edge effect ,find the displacement
current trough the capacitor. Does the displacement current flows from positive
plate to negative plate or in opposite direction.

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Q22. Explain nature of light if by means of experiment it is conformed that light

(a ) travels in vacuum with a speed of 3 X 108 m/sec
(c) Exhibit phenomenon of diffraction and can be polarized

Wish you all best of luck for your upcoming examination

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