Module 4

sfoYmes Nes &omsformeu. Punupk o

7v
raom
nss fo Type amd comatucrom o smgu phae
o p u a fo n

a m sf o Y meus
eiy ¬MF quatimLosse vcaiatron ons
.aect k e
oodd Effcemy amd Simple mumealc
&
pect

wtlh
Inducte on Moto1 Conapt of sotafung
Phasc
Gbuckronel
h opesatom.
m a g n et
field, prunccpk o
frelc
aeie cage
4 wound
squuul
featus 01 motov, YP Suo ple
pu nwmuice
nwmuieaf
Ceat and cG
scqnifccama. So
a otoy Slip

r a m s toimees which
devia
stattc
u a
iams ormea electrcal
2oA eeckical powee fv om ome

he m fvequeng
amy chamge
Amsfeas
without
oha
& the mutual
ciwt YY
om
he prumcipu
aorks
e
AraDs
form
O
from omc
m ductcom
powee
elechtcal

i a m s fex cmg amd uolta

Whce cuusarmt
he
chamges
othe c almat umaum
col
cucut fewel

ams forme
ams
he powe Hhe k
level the lo
sses

enceet fo the amsforme

Comstamt

Falemg
Pat m
mo Ao
Somce theu ü amd
effcaem
hickon lo Sse
mot have
it dou
s hgh.
othe iams
Forme

he secomd ay
vot age
laams fo7mu: If
Step p calud
ct
th e
ham prumasy vottaq
hcgha
Va
step up i ams fovmu se Cond
s Comd au
vortag
ay vorra
he
fovme: If
Sfepdoon Taams hem ca
ustta
las tham he p umay
V2
as he step dowmham Sforme
calud
NetassiG o Taamsrovmex
vol*
chamg h e ac
Trams fo1meas cam
 evel Tt cam sep p oY SFep down voftaq
ac

Cuam o app Gcatom m hch cunen

vot fae Revel has a be chamged, Tam fotm

OuLe Cued

Clecical Pocu meuGted, amsmi fad

m the FoYm o ac. Tvamsfon.
md dusii baued
au s e d fov s Feppngp o Seppmg do
o he vottage duu mgPowe iamamit s(o

& disii buttom sgstem rolo

Prumceple o O puatcom rams ko rmes

co01 om the pYmcpl

Trams fomes
omulual eleci o mcqmekic induckcom
befoum wo oc k. ams foymes Comsu o
two md ungs ov Coils wbich as eleckeeal
couple The
Sepasaled, bu m agmetecaly eenected
9emesal asnamgum emt a Gams forme
oNa
showm m feg ,
cofe ri svs

V2
Jmoloo)
ac
Load moe
Suppy

& he
he w vn dumq cwhech s Cemnecred
Supply calud pi umcaycncuing. h
wmdung which is comnechedo the Load u
callad he secomdasy wmd ng Wham
as

a lt euma
una vota g Suppucd & Ch prumas4
wmdun9 alteumamg CLLuo Flews. amd
am altematuma Flun
th Cove set up tin
h s dltem atmg Fuin mes mot omqcotH
 OYUM C comd ung but also wi he secom day
the

ghs hbe he vamg Fun mlu coilt prumasy amd

amd
mda mdum g h u pyo du us a self mduud

fm f he pYum a4y amd muluoly nduad emf

h e Se comda wn dumg AsS u unq tdual Gansjerm

c E N,dd

E2-N2dd
m dE

E N which defoned
difoned
aatco hich
formarcon
he iams he PYmay
k vottage &,
oSecomday

as
he ra fco
voftag
Feud from Prmay Cndumg
hams
The Po cwe
The
Same
Secomcay co mdamg
G 2 ETI
Ca)
E

Faom C) & C2D

E N I2
yato
k Tams formp arcom t f

lamsfoymaFrom Ratco b
N2
N

NbTuams Raro sg
 Comsuckcom oaamstome
a Smgk phase
The Coms auckcom o
below
dus cussed
Gams Foym
A a m sovme
maumy Co msu

C) Prum au mdung
Ce) Se day cucndung
co)

Core
Lam un ated,
Cit) oA mela Frame
Metal cas g
Ct
ndumg. t
PrUm ay
w CmnecFed

chich é
The w m dumg wupdung
he Prmay
he Supply calud a s
alteumaheng
feumctcon pPro duce,
TG maum guem T
hum altma tumg Suppy uComducts
fun tms o
mube o
m a de ap or o*cdefclm.
Umswated by Vamah, pape
rusm
Co Ye

NL

al
supp Cs (G)
S e m d Guy Co ondumg

Pum ay

Secomday co m dumq

The co tndumg shich à t Comneckd Ax the

Road ca callud ene secomd al womd onq TG
Funetiem ú
et muutud l Am duud emf
cF 1t amade up
o a umbe o tum
Co
ppea Comou choYs oswated
P p e ov ou u d film.
by vaamh

Toms foym e CoYe

h eore 0 he a
ams toy me CoYe
 Ltedby Silicon
corskucted
steel lam in attoms. Usua
26 4 4 Silicon 9%&G7 o stel ú ued
aL moY mal o.3mm 06mm hcck laminatéons
Thay
amd
e
a
m sulated b v anuh mamel A 0xic

The pupose oj lamunattng he Co1e &Adu

eddy Cuwmt hus t prewo t

ovu be afm o hansfarmne

Fumetcoms oj he Cols as () PYOV d am

h &he, Flux
4 Ca) t sp po
easy agnetcc pa
he coun dumgs.
Meral amk 6A Metal Cas umg
ued
SFeel m e tal Frame 6Y meral temks a

FoY Lcs poeu ams formeu & meta Casmqs ae

small Kams fovmes. T6 fumeteom à

s e d on

proteet ams fovme wmdumq support ams forme

Cove
omd houe Ghe kams forme Coolung oc

aams Fovmeusiss29
Ty pes o
he Gamsformeu
the Comsli uchcom
Based om

a classifcedm&two

4) Core pe ams Formne

Shell Gpe ams Form
ea.

Tcove pe amstovme Che wundum

emceveleu he co Re Tmhull pe ams For me

he core emci clu he Cotmdung

amd
The diffeumu berwem the Co pe
C. uted beloc.
Shell pe amsormes au
 Cove Type Taams form e Shell Tpe Taom forme

2
E The cumdmg emtyeles
he co Ye
(2)The cove emeivcles he

Tt h a Somgl magnekfc ) I has double magmehic

C wu F

ha hueu umbs
(A I has Foo m bs T
( This co s k uc fcom 5) The coms zactcon
low
High ---------
prefeusd fovco ------- Uafag Preend fov h cgh vattau
Higho e Low
______ Poe opuation
--------
P ams Formeas.hegh
O h e coils cam be easiy(c) Removc the /coi ls foy
A moved oY mam femame maumtemame d ffiute
( Momg mumba g wms (D Less mumbe og kum
au q nd effca emy io su cem saem
uss Compaailivey high compaattive
() N a t a l coolmg Naual coofuma 4 mo

e Ffecteve ecfcve

Based om he op vofap obtamed the

ams foTmesaa)claasifced m co
C steP up kams Forma
Step down ams fo1 m
(2
W ham N2 7 N C2 step up iamalbrme
w hem N 2 2N 62 < 6, Step dloton ema fermct

N, No O aamu m t PrUma
Nood uma m h Secn d asy
em f du
duad m Cha pYuroay
G emf duend h8wm dau
 EMF &quctcm oF
aAams fotme
Conside a ams Foym eA
hawmq
N-N6 o uums the pUm au
Na N o oFuums e semd

C emf mducad he prumay

E f mduced m ha setomda
m man umum t u pyoduud in W

m Bro A
m
BD mammm um Faum dumsi
wb]m o Tesl
mP
A ALa o CYoSSsecfcom

f-Fequemy H
oi b atumateng
Whun he prmay suppi d
,altesmatong Hun ú papduad as hosn
voffag
0

cr Tl4
T/h

Fun chamges rom 0

IG cleaa hat) h e
m T/4 SeCoDds
Co mamum um V a e
mduceon
Faom Fasc day's a o elaclio mag netrc
mduad PRoatkcomal
valu o emf
Aveaag
Ghe eAerat aaG o ch am Fun
o Fai

Avesae emf m duud/tum- Chomgf u n

Tume q u u d

d
fu m 0 o
Chamg
Tume talcem
 We motw t T
ad p
Fum
Avetag emf m du

f chamg
Tume a kam
VofG
46

Fo
Fov a s muwoidal cave

Value 111
fovm Fachor RMS
Avenaq Ua u e

amt mdu
Eyms 11 x Aveaq v a e o

por
4 f
Eyms111

Eyos4.44FO 7 20
The ms Veu i m ducid emttum
CYmu4.44 FOm
FoY
prm ay Side GmF oduced he pYnò
E 444 F N
Fo Secomday sccu emf duced m he sand
0da

E24.44fnN -)
h Caun be wuten as
E 444F BmA N d
(: mBm
Ca444 BAN2 bs s
FADm )4 ca) teJhv A
N

Na7 N, ehoak71 7
skep p
N24 N ke step doen
 Loss e 1kams rorme
Losses o Tkams Foim

cOTe loss CW n dimq loss

(comstamt os Cco ppu loss a7 Uaucb u s

Ecldly Hstuusú
2Loss o
The los ses m he hams foYme a Coye los
CoPpea loss

CoTe loss(TYon loss oY CmsFemt loss) (weve

)
T h loss o cCuuu at he cove o he rons forma
Aosses
It mcuds hysteiuú amd eddy cunamt
loss
Ivom lo ss & comsamt
.

H y s t e s u oss Cw)
k
subjected
he Coye
oj the ansfoyma
flue haore o Aqud to
altama tomq powe
m
tum uo s AAVeu a o moieculc m agnes
he Com

lost m the foYm o heak 2

the Cove. h i s powe u
kmoun as hsteansis osseu.

w- kh Bo fV watt

Bm Manumm fun dinsi wb|

F frcqum 3
m
V Votume of the lammaktoms m
KhConsemt
Eddy Cunt Laas ca (We)
Fu
The Core subjecked a l tesma tm g
mdauad im he Cove The core beuog a
emf s

clos ed path o conduckmg mateial e ddH wm

fhe
the CoYe h e Cuuumt case heat
Circula
COTe L loss hich G tmown as edd u n
caus3 powe
Loss
 We Ke Bm t '

ke Comslan fun dems

t u x duns
m Wh/
Wb/m
Mamummum o Tsle
B
fyequwny m H Lamunalton
lamunalten
H h c k m e s s o he m
m
CoYe
(he
V- Vofume
losseu
eddy cuuan
hyseuú lun
n
Both the
he m
mam m
mam
Um
on L hiclmess 4
oss es depemd
dum st, suppy frequm Suma fun
Fun
H
H
ams
Formes.
vofume he F u dens iG
Coms tam t,
man um am
Co
Cematamt. Also Suppy hequm
ehcclunessUfume h e (heam
oss Comsram
Coms tamt. So
coYe

Wcu
loss. CVaucabu lossea
Cu cu de
loss)
The Coppe loss Ccu
Famu
PYOmaysetom daty
he ALs

R, PUma sglama
LeE
Secom day s u ramu
R2
1 , Primay cuumt
Secomd asy kum

Total Culoss1, R, +TR

9
2
Weu T Ro2
Ro2 ¬guivalem A ukamce o th cwu du
A d6Second ay
33
Weu T
Cu loss Vaudih upech b T2
oi
 GFfcttm of a Taamsfor me
he sato
amslorme
CFfctum oj h e
(he mput po
of oupul pocoe
Out p u t Powe

Tpul Powe

7 oulpulPoue 100
oP npu potwe
Potwe

Powe
ut put
oo u tpu Powe +Loss

Cos 2
Outpul Powe V1,
Heu
Powe oP Powu +G Ss
P u
WeoYe
2
V 2 I2 Cos ma
hem I,
frachtom o Aoad,
TF x ó the
ta kam a T2
Shol d be

V 2 Co s
Cos +
Wore+ Wu
x V T2 uttem a
be
hs cam

frcckcom o ad VA Cos
xVA CosG+ Weaye
+*4Wu
At Full Load %
ful) oad
A hal f
=
o.15
toad
a 3/ 4 Sa Gm.

o .6 ,
a G6/ loa d

Mamouo Effio y
EFfruo

ComditCom fov

maminmum
eFF¢u emy d
At

+WcaYe+*W u
A Co
dv
dC vdu -u

d
v2
 Wea ye + WuCUACs
vA Co s
A Cas 0t2* Wtu
VA Cs

t wc VAo s - 2w
VAs Co Weeye
Wceye- W 0
Wcove
w W
omoY m amimwm effru
he Com cl my
1
AE m cumt mwm cfu em,

COTe loss Co ppes oss

A full Roac
| WcoTe Wu dat
mamtmwm effeum
The Load a ch cch
occuS
A ma
T 2 Wcu Wcor
Wcoveb
Weu A
b
Vttaqe Ragulakcom oaaamsformu
rem vna
The chamge m the secomdaayad with
oad to Full o ad
from mo
vaffa
speet o oad o f t a ú calad ag
of h Kamsforme
h ucftage AqaFcon
votta ray Ragulatesn = VNVFL
FLoo
VNL
Asraqalaran
 Pro blem
md
Cd me mum be ot Funs m he p1m a
Scdu o
secomday a
440/236V s6Hy. 1 kansform
asea
Fthemer oCkoss secktom o he Cons G

30c
t h e Flun dens wbJm

Sofuttom A 30 m
= 3oxl "m

Ix 30x10
Bm A =

N,
sox 3oKlo
E 4 44

So x 30 x
lo N
440 4 44 x

N
440
x16
4 4 4 x o x 30

N 660 67
G 6 2 tuu

230
62
440
2 3 0 x662
N2
A40
346 Fams

x oN2
C2
4: 44 o x 30 344 Fuwms
o

N2 444 S636x10

looo

20E UA a m s form
ama fermee h
h a
Smgu phasc h
A Seomdaay wums
(2 2500
Sccomdaayuums,

tums 2
PUm as aLLG
Che CoA ¢
loo cm

Sechcom
met CAoS C
Coom
mmne
ecck
ke d
ed
*
as
Che prunmay m dumg
wham

Supply.Caluulate
G) he mamtmm

SooV So H CoR
Va o fux duns m h ndy
mdued
(n
he se ov
Se ondau

Cce) the voftage

full o Cd uAsonE
Sewmda
Cee) Che pY um ay
 solute
20LVA,N,
N,=oo0
N 2 S00
0 x10
om o
lao

V C - 50ov

G) E 4.44 F BmAN

E
4 44fAN

S60
S0xl0 6xlo 'xio 00
4 44x
2 2 5 Wb/v

Cii)

E2 E N2
N

5 66 2500 1256V
1006

Cii) I,= EVA x1o°

VI
20x16-40A
SOO

12 kVA x10
IGA
V2 1250

3) A
SoookVA
ams Foyme hau NN2
30020 'Ihz pr vm ay
vn dumqd Comneck w u

a 2 200, SoHy Suppl Calule

Ci) Seomday
vdtagi on no load
Ci) Appvoxuo at vauu o1
Cwum G om full Gad pyemauy SCun
mmumum va o1 F
 kVA So06kva
N, 36bo

N2 2 0

E2 E Ne
G 2 200

220o 20 f 50H
30 0

146.67v

S006x 0
3 227.27A

I =k VA x10°
V 2260

10 o9.01 A
EVA x 1o° 5000
x
= 34
1, =

14667
V2
4.44 F Pm *N
(cc ) E
2 20 0

4 4 4 x SOx 30bo
4.44 F N

Po 033 Wh

4oo Fum m

A Smg
Phase ams foY mea has
hh e u
n
4 lo 0o twms seumda
p1uma
sectconma aie a o he o e 6oCm
CoSs A Camne cted AsaS60V
pYm a s
com cumg
d
56
H supP
Ci) Peak Uau o
Fux den st
n he secomdan wduk
(ce)emf mdu ud

Safn 2
A G GC 4
N, 4 0 0

f- 5o HY

A N
444 F Bo
C
) E, =

1o 400
B E 444xS0 x
60x

444 F ANI

o 93 wb/m
SOOx 1000
C2 G * N2
N
N
12soV
 mm he
wms heh
mumbe 0
soH Stngt
voftage Sd o 415v/2400
Tf he
Phase constovmu 2 Sm & mci
COYe y
CYoss Sectcm
aux dmsi 9 3 wb/m

safutiom
E2 240V f SoH
A 25 Cm
B 3 Wb/ =
25x 16 m

EI 4.44 Fm N
E 444 f BmA N
N 415
444F BA 444x S6 1 3x25x1

S75 19

V.

hegh vofte scd a o4IS

rwm he hcgh v oflose

S o . mumbu o
Fun
Scdi , N, =
S7C
ams to7 ma
anste ma
Itoo/220V
A A sngu
Phasc okVA

hu COYe los, 30ow at Yared Uetke4

400w ak Full ead . Fod he
Coppu los k
o he yamsforma udug
effru
8kVA aopf kaggng
a
load

kVA 0VA C,llooU C= 220

WCeTC= 300W
W 400u
Loo d tuVA
Lood EVA
Loadng factov, Actual kvA
 l60.
VAx lo s
*Wu
Waret
*kVA 10° Cos6 +

100

0. x J0 x l0x 0.
+3oo+ (o S 4
00
O x I o x10y 6

27
amsfer mu

phasc
Tna 2SkVA 2000/200U sung 466w

1 ,

s arl 3 s olw
(rom 4 full lo cd coppea
he
Calculat ( h e q r u ' n y
)
aRspectcuely o ) full ad

Po wa fccror
w
half Full e d
(ii)
= 3S6W
s ofutem V2 2oov

V 2 00Ov
2SVA

Weu 400 W
Cose
Po w e fcctov Cup)
wm
Full Fall a d
x V Ax10 C s
Wu
cov t
VAx 1o o sG + w
k
Ix2 5 x 10x 496
t 356 x (1)
x 2 5x10x

11-017.

full load upF

AF helf
(2) 0 5 Cos=E

Cos
kVA xl o x Wu
t
+ e
VA
x )0 os e
O:Sx 2Sx10x
+ 6s)4 o0
10x I +350

o S25
6.52 7
 * sokvA kv400V,
a
w SS E
pa
e A t h c (ven Atoppo CO
amsome Um au
vafed
chevcy
O
Ks pe C) at upf at
Com dufcem Calculate
fov mGMImu
Ao a
h
fall ead (e loss
a hu load.
peu
effrwy C)Cop

efulcom 2 400V
soVA . L
W 600W

Wcove Soow

oad
Cos , =
C)AEupf full
kVA x 10 tos
x Wu
WTet
VA xlo Cs 6

x 5 6x 16x
So0t ()%660
10x +
x S6 x

91.ss7

(i) A ma "L
WYe wu
So 6 913
WcoYC 600
F

Jww
C Coppa o sS a the load o m

W u
Ca

Co 913) G00
sooW A
a ehu load
he Co lss
Ppex =
oTe oss
AL
Wu S06
 mamum effeumy a full oad wni
9 h
phaue SkUA Soo/
1000
potuuackoy o Sung ,

soH Det Det eumun c

ams rovme

foad, o.9pf Cic) GO/ lhad

a ()7sI
und o6pf
0&pf & (in) 2s7

Sofution
V Soo v V2 looov
25kVA
= 9S7
eA[tuemy
f: soHy ma imum
WcOYe *Wu
wKT A mau

kVA x lo' Cos

kVACos Wcore t Wu

fE cam be wu ltem as

kvA xio* Cos

Wore
kVAx lo+ Woret
k V A x Loos
2 Wove
kVAx lo x Coa+

u pf coS&_|
2 Wceye
10 +
Tx25x

2 WoYC 50 2
WcoYC 2 5 5 . W

Cos o 9
6 7 S

load 9pf
C) 75
kVA x
1o Co sG
7 +*Wu
kvA K 10°Cos6 t Wre
. 1 00
25xlóx o.
o 7Sx SS:1
9)*2
2 s 5.1 +(o
=

o.7Sx 2Sxl0*x O4
7617
 * half load,
C os 0

*k vAx 1o Co s
Wuu
*
* k A « 1o' cosG+ Wa +

S x 2 5x 10*x o lo o
+255 +Co )*2ss.
S x 2 Sx 1o*x o.

4.917

Ce) "Load s

=0 6
Co s
0 2S
ose
k kUAx lo Wu
se wceTet
ku Axlo°%

25 2Sxlox o 6
Ss.)
6.2Sx 2Sx io o6+2SS.1+(0.2s) 2

3.2

A Goo kVA ams Fovmes bas am aem *

wmi lg PF
both a fauiload, 4 half load oPf
92
92
at 7s oad 4 oef
Defem oe i6 ue

s of uton
6o6kVA

lo ad, upf
=
Fall
A
92/

k V A x loxCos
UA x (0x Cos + Waut Wu

o.92 600 xio

600 x toxl + Wt 0 We
cOT e W = 52.17kw
 At half Load o9 PF
0 5 Cos- o 1
kVA x lo° Cos G
kUAx Io°Cos+ WGa **Wu

oS 60o x 16°o.9 + Wu t W

WCoYe 0 25 Weu = 23 4 kw -)

Wcove t Wu 52.17k
WioYe +0 25Wau 23.4¢kw -e)
o 1S W u 2%9 kw

W 3s-25kW
WcoY e = 13.92kw

a 1ookVA At Fall
A ams fovme AGd Pt
Joad cG ppe loss 1200w L it cove oss 9cc
Calculare () he at Full ad & apf

a half Loa.d a 4o.rp

(
Cii) Locd kvA a cuhcch om C um mefkuem

w oc

Sfurion
960 W Wu 1200 W
ookVA WCa
Ci) AE FL pf
Co s=

V A x10x Go s
** Wu
ntVA 10 Cos+ Weost
loox 10x xloo

Ix00 Io x + 60() 1200

q7.9
 O &
i Va2 Co s
&e

A
9
x kVA x 10 s
2 Were
+*Wu

Cose+
kUA x10

96 9s 190o1

Ceec) W - «Wu
60 0 4
W 2 00
W P wes.o 4ro3 w
A chual k UA
nx
Load AA
rS,
94 «
tUA
100@tUN

O
yos
= 9. 4 l4kUA
B ee Phose Tmduckcon Motor
field
p y i n c i p

Con Cap o Rotatmg magnetcc motoYs

pescteomComs ucconcl fecruns o
Slep 2
C o u m d rotov
ypes - S q u u l cage 2
Segmtkcoma Sumpla mum utcau
x

Tmkoductom
the mos F
The phcse mducFcon
hre
has a statov am d
us ed a c mo to
h sta tor wun dung Comnected t h e
aoto
h o Fo
co
m dumg a
phase
th ) supp
C3
The
h a POwa
the Suppy
mot Comnu cred&
he aotov mu
Ao tov om
mot

E the
fvom sta rov
aams e d cf eason

Fo ths
m
utual m du c Fcom .

sfadrov ach u
b motov.Heae
calnd as m du ctcem calkd as
So it s
Pvom o o ro as Se comdoy Gamsfeud
ú
hu powe
Gams for me as

otatum mukual
mductcom .

fvom s tekor Co 1oFo by

Adwatages oImduchcon motoy
man
Cosiuctcom
Comskuctton
amd ugged
C) I h e s Spple
aelatcvely cheap
C T Y
s paimtemam Ce
Lquiu
C TE R e a blen
odPnee fszke
C4)
C I hs high eJeuemy

Ducdvamta gu
comiot ú diFfcult
0 Speed
Am usb u n m
Poo Poo1 stas mg torqu
& hegh 1

mes Aclid cuem )

Cabout 4

(3 CIhey opec
umdu
Acggeng powe ofo ckoy
chor
 Rofelumg Hagnetre Freld
magmettc
freld a
ded
Jhe aotc tumg
Comsam
Oa (he Feeld o1 F u han tng
who anis u comtunuealy
am pttude but se

a plame with a ces Faum sped

Aotatma
calud Sqmchaonos speed
CoTAuG
mductom motor
he hee phase
ct stator The 34
3 ¢ wmdmg as

Comnecked vo staa or
ase
r a to mdumgs
delte . bspteeed from cae te-by-124
sta tor cundm au suppid
he hu phase
hom a
36 balamcud suppy.s¢ Cum
daplaud at t20 FCocw thao ch h e wendings
hae me tc Fun a pro duad
mag
Hema
smuocdal oliplaud by 120
ohch a
sultamE o3 hse magmehe frelcd 4

The
m magnu tude ,
bu Comlumuousl
Comstcm

chamga i duickron So he Fceld

mametc Freld s
cald Rotakmg
o AAotatom
o ostalo
The Speed

mogmekrt
fceld c a l u d Synchaenou speed
CNS)
The Symchiomo s sp ezd Com be calculaud

N 1
20 f

f frequuma
P Noopu. bge k

arsge
 Comne cked m
Conscde 3 srator mdam
l a ov olel a tih 3 sppu

he
m dmg
hephase sequima o
equattom fo
iccl
hem he mathema

RY D Funes R,4y Ps
vau o tne 3
n s fmlameotu

Cam be utem as

Svn
S n (o-120
Sn (e+12)
Ce-240)
Scn
o he hh
emfarcm
Aupres
be ve cfor

asu shown
Funes

1 2 0

120
12

y
famt gvem
Rsutamt Fum at amy s
The
For Sum he mdivcdul Fuunu
by lhe vec

4 cauG wilh mreavals 0 , e-60

Conscew
e120, e Iso'
 Ccse C)
Whem o
O
R Sn S mo -

y Sn (o-120) mSm (-120) 0 YGG4

d dm Svm (e-24 msn (-149 tc6

) ," ¢ 2ad s
Cy 4»)
C o G p)+CovG6 4t2(G9ce¢m 0rCe e,asto

2.2s o
y

Case)
whe e Go

y m Sm Ce-42 m Sn Cco- 129) O G<c

Sn Ce-2 4) m Sn (o-24)
o
B m

4 ' + 244,cs Cdr4)

2.95

Case Ctti e 120

dy mm Co-120) Sun(l26-12o)o
S u n (e-240) =-o G6
2

4T15
L0

case Cc) e1g0 9

R P Scn Sun Ito =o

y Pm Sm (e-120)- S Co ¬69m

a o Sun (-14) Sim (-c) =6 sCC4

2
ya Cos o

2 2s

Fun
Hema he
magni tude of he sultam t
clockwde
Aotated hapsgh m
CT 1s m
cf à
Feom.
faom c P A v t o s pos i
dcecm

stor
 Tmducrom Mofay
Comsiuctcm of 3
mductcon moror comsú
A 3 phase
man paa mame
C' Statov

e RohFor
he stato1
from
à Sepaxated
The o for frm
h i c h ramgu
bya small a gap
g m hee pou o
4mm depemdu
O 4 mm

o fov-

ame
to1 y
-sta

s a o r slot

Lamm ated
or

skaor Cove

shaft

Rotor

Base Plate

Statoy stafoy
he mawm pasG o
Ci Stator Frame
Ci Stator Coe

Stator frame
It á Hhe o t e body o the motor

The Fumchon o he salor frame

rame au
(U Fo suppetEhe skator Cove 4 wmdmg
C) to p16tect he (nne p a i oj he mechune
 sraroY CoTe slots
hawm 9
I a holloo dicel
coye

m cs mnea peph to c stator escung

Sm he sta ror coTe couu altema tum g fu
Fux

tt amada o lanatcoms Sclrcon steel o

Teduco eddH Cu mt 4 hystesss losses

cohich a
The sta tov core Coi 3 mdumg
yom
3d Suppy be comnected
Suppuud cam

t r s taa Deltc
md for dufnr&
he salor of (he motoY
Spead
he equumemF °*
mumb o pades a pe

Ns20f he mum beu of pafes, e s e

Yeate

he spead
bnet e
ne aapbercwun s(tator R Yotor G

Smal as Posscb

Ro toY
mofor. he
TE h e o a Fm.a paa odbe
moumted om a hat I G c hollou
oFoY
alid cove hov ug slo om o u t a peaphe

udugau pla ad i Chese sloG.

he voto
the Coma uc Fcn, ha au Fwo P of
Based e

Yotoys.

Tnduchcem Motov
1 Sqwrel Cage
Tnductom Motor Phaae Wowmd
2 Slip Rung
Tmducktom Motov

S q u l Cage ImducEimMotoy

uimducom m o fors YoFov

. Squw Cag
coms u o cym daical Ram naked cove wtth pacll

for c a y m g
Aotoy comduckors
slo
T h e aoto Codueors css aany bas o
 Coppes 01 Alumumcum AF bo th m ds of Gh
as al hor(
tov, h e votov Com ductots
Ae

Cvtedby h e Com rn uous

emd umg O
Sumilaa mateial fo ha F o Yo
o conducovs

Comduc-ors &
he emd Aum
Che otoy

closed i ut, em blm

Form a Complte
ccald as s quul
a Squul cage So e
Cope meu cltom mo tov
Smu he ro to wumd un pemam en ty
hoat uuted, Ch e C mo possebcc4

sasuamG m Ch
addung amenreamal
AotoY C u i u t
om molors
Almos os 907 he duch
a pro duud coith sqnulco Aofor
bus E alm cst
because cte s mpu o
o
mdlus Gu cteb Coms iuceom
CThe sloG m the Yo tor a u always

ha Bu
Mot Hhe
pasclul G motor

a usually skewec ovde o obran a

ume Fom tor

T o Aeduu the mogmelrc lockum

o stalor rotor ors

( 3 ) o Racuca he a g m e c c humr
mmum

cohG umn m fors

sc d
skewed, ondut
Aoamduc ors

End umas

shu
A
 Phase Cooumd oA sp umq Ro tor cor

dical
CemaúG a a m i n a t e d ayu
o oute pearph
s
anm Cum Fornm slo om
Same m
mu mp
am b
h fo h
$ame

The Aolor a cwoumd u

aotor ndmg
staFor 4
o potu as ha o
o
Smla saror delt
may
be s oy
Aofor wmdumg
he
Fax Comneckcem piefeuud cmnected
s
B Famuas
au

The hree Fmúhm emds o

the

to form s l a pomt4 op em
aL
togethe ou and
wmduogs byought
a
sta lor moumted

connected 3 msudcted sp umgs em hum

Astug am
wth byush
hoJ h
Futheu e teama
h bruuhes a aheosat
comnected
comnec ted 30 sfca
Comyof.
spead
puapose o stca tomg staafeng,he exteuma
A he Fome Stau cuut he
mcueded m he o oy
sútama
is hh
t o to1
aoto
ut out
weutoma
d xadual
Pcks up load.

S F a i B o n n ette a d sup m

Roroy
-shat
brushua

Sta tng s u t
 Compausom o SquueCag Scp mg Rolay

Squwd Cag Rotor SCp Rmg RotoyY

Rotor comut o heowg CRo tor Comsai o
baus o co Ppo 3 wmdmg smilaa b6
A mumum hrch
he s-alor wmdung.
a shov ted a- he
emds
2 Cons i uctcom à smp C1) Comakuchom
Com pl cated

9xtemal Rasúlana 5) Extemal Res úFama

Cammo be a ddad Cam be ad dd

C Sup Rumgs brushus S u p Rags 4 bruhu

ae absem
Py ej emt30 op
C5 Mo deaat statg torqe G) Hgh sras-m g torq
() Rotov Coppe Co Sse a C Rotov Coppe esse
kss 4 so
hcgh a m ol heme
e Ffru
(D Used for lathes, watea ( ) Csed Fo
1Fts,
Pumps, pmtumg machie
e Fc elavaovs CYam es
ere
 C p o O peaalton 3 Tmduckcnoto

Whem a 3 spply given to he sFator

o a
3 ducrom ootor, a Aota-om **J magnetre

Fceld o Cmstom maqni tude 4 *Sgchonoug

spead N 120f) u se up P
hseettemeuyxotor Cordurctor a hc
oaurgmametrc feetd he
Ao ra(ung maqnetc pcase r o
au ap amd cu he votor Comdu covs which

ou statcom a
Thus due b eucio magnece mductm am
emf u cd m the molo7 Com ducova

As he molor Comduckors aAR shoYE uited

b the aorov Com cuckors
CunsmtPasse thyo
Hem a Preld set P aio umd Rolor Com cuclo
c u w s m t ca mg aotY Comductors a

Placed m a mcnet Field PTOduced by o o

HeaAaeeldisel epatetmdtoto-Cemetreters. Bolh frefcl tnteaacF
each othn.CJhuuore he a tor Coduuctorsepei mu

FoY 4 a torq u producedl

Du t h s forquue h oFor s FaG wtatny
e duucbcom a s thal o he sakoy
(
fieldad3
La the u l t oppotes he
As pa Leng's
E Hemu he aotov otaà
Cause producung
same
dunchcon h a oslator freld
thu
h m duud emf à the
He Che cae
o
the vo tam g feld&
fteld
alakcu belweem
pad 1oFor
stalcoma
Comductors. Hema G Radu ce he
h
cCse he oloy ola ü he Same ditkon
eh s Falar Fteld
CThspetd o he otoy Radually
Caes re k carch hu pedo he
otlt n Freld. Bu fa ataum
 ISAt
nossped
uFaum symchao
SPeed
Tf t achs h synchsomo u 2
be eo
he &lakve sped
CNs-N) Co me

duCad emf
he wodd be mo
Comduclors
C omduclors

h otor
cuumt m
mo Hmc

Freld e humu mo Forq

orqe
No otov the
t Coma to stamd stell.haw
he m aahne meve
Auns ak synchsono s
mo tor
Nmducecem

spud
stator stalo

Roto

elafoac
am I v d u ckcom Mo tor iG mpo tan
o
Sue o

he scp o a ducltom mmolor

damed as he Rato Che uteuma

ada oJ he
b etweam Ch Symchonous s.pegdNs
freld he ackual speed
mameFée
hotor he symchuonou4 sped N
hotor N

a e Sup s =Ns-N
mee
Ns

s Ns ,1oo
Ns
deumu v Ns
Wihou sup, (
will mot woak. T
moror
N
N u wn ducron
would be mo latiue speed
ham tha
Ns ,
Hena, mo eof 2Yolor
stalor fceld y o f o r ,
betweom a0ud be
d lo19 PrO dud
Cussamtw Au & no u
 o ducve he Ao tor The Frcel-com wunda loss

down
mmedarely causu the otov 6slo w
Henu he Aolov spead ú always ss ham

Symcho mous
Spead

f & Cnan
trequmy o he Rolor em

AC saut coum N =
O s

o cwhao he AbroY s taFcm aiy e Aoto1

Comduetors bun q ut
au
by the otatumg e
aSymchmono a sped. Ns 120E
P
m ne
Hemu mammum mf u cu Cud
ene Yorov
Yo foy at stas he freq uamay o

Cuumt á sam e s Suppy trequen

Ns 20f
P
But Ghe Fo stauG aevotvmg with spead
N, the aG a ohich the Aotov ComduucFor bem 9

Cut by th ao Faluig u dependu on the aalaleve

bercweem he Aoto7
ska lor rotakeng fu
Spud
CN-N)
Cald slep spud

Ns N =120 f, )
P
Fa Rotov requum

Ns-N
P 2o

Ns

wheu ssP
f Noto fyeqan

P p eq em
 Toductton Ho fors
PPCcattm of

moduu
mocr
lovs hawmg
cage Tmduttcom
omo

sSqu
tn chatecheutia
Forqe Comstamt spced
cateu pumps
Heme ued Por ouivung
machme, dellne
lafhe
machumes pr Untm

machine

mducfcom
molors hav mg staly
Stip RuG eleva For, l fG
hemu sec For
torqe,
&CYOmes CompyCASOY

s
 Pasblna
A 3h un dwt mof is wund
sulld_or 5H
alnds
smchaenous ful.
(tiy Pot
tiy n Aun ud eta is 45-
Jun-1 4ELE 255

P-1f 5ohz
y Ns 1 peX50 1Sooa
Ns-N NsN
NS

5 N . = I5o-J
6o

N 4°

(1) S- N 15 /150o.o33/
Ns

o33X Se
h si o
A 8-tha, ,b p 5o1t ndutae ah a
3 at ea

Dekami Stnenne ud (y No d ud

DAc-5 15G6 I5S

SelnPzb3 {5oh&
na Led s 1 J Lond - 3/
J0N-T8T
 clLsSMAte
Page

Ns

al ne Lond -
S Ns-N
Ns
loeo N
N 110 n

Ns- 2 0 03 loo o ~
N
7 N 120
tatend stu,
_ esd, a=56 O-03 Y5o 54
pot inducteo m t
ffid hon a 3 Aan
5o H
_ 3 H2 Calculak
7 hudA T mot
3tien. Dc-15LI5eaeIs
Ps 5oha h- {3tr.

Ns- N=151
NS

T1Re_3, 1ndndhon mtn b t l hon 50 *a

d cb 2m Chiorao u d o nd cts

e-Is4Kus
en P-t 5o

75o
 lassMAt
Date
Coge

hdutrow met 5 2

5 H
mot n - Jun-S1ELE ASJ
Skron
Ph 5 Sh Ns / 150o

S Ns -N Oo3
1Soo-N

Ns

N 1455

aldLand a 5o H«

T mot- Jan-15y&A1S

Sutsan

P=y}.
Ns= 45
FA altanal
Ns sx5- 5oHz
m=

37-1
9003 1Soo
455a
 altLa ncdA
6 And drev us as
h An dd mote
DAc-L4 Lyaeis]

P Psb
-19
TA adanata
P Ns s e r

PrbT*-pA 5t

2 ooo1
NS Teso

3-has
Jooo f

Sglsgep22
T

Pat
Ns-1
fa atrntA PNS
/a--

5o Py
Ns12 o5 I5s abp
 AsGMAte
Pete

2 N 2 S

NsA
NS

2 N 6oe a
N- 5 bad
NS
1500.

«lhann
T alhA

fLEIS

Nsls5

F staAnaka
PNS 250

6 4a NT7S5
 ciaSSMAte

ot A A
m
r)_lope indu
altan*A
a

Soltan

3
ma

alkunete

PNs -6.9H3. ****

NS

N 1
3 - h a Jndnt'on met-a n
940 l Load *****

alanaL Au.

Jan-1 /o6ei62S]
Stsn2

P P6

s-Sota

P: N zT-5*-
N4o17ptoroe-~pd
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Ns-N S le 1
NS o oo

A
5 a hota
su 742nd
un-13 lo &ets

Na1 PoX5
slooo
N
O- 05 loep N
leo o