Conditionals are clauses introduced with if. The main types of conditionals are: Type 0, Type 1, Type 2 and ‘Type 3. Conditional clauses consist of two parts: the if - clause (hypothesis) and the main clause (result). When the if- clause comes before the main clause, the two clauses are separated with a comma, When the main clause comes before the if-clause, then ‘no comma is necessary. it clause main clause e.g. the weather is good tomorrow, we wil go tothe beach We will go 10 the beach if the weather is good tomorrow, Mew goo the beach fhe weather iS good tomorrow, main clause We clause M- clause |_Main clause It- clause |_Main clause It+ present simple | present simple would/could/might + They are used to express something which is always true. We can use when (=whenever) instead of i. M)When it rains, the roads get slippery ‘and dangerous, Mt clause Main clause f+ present simple future/imperative present cont/present | _can/may/might/must/ perfect/present perfect | should/could + present cont. bare infinitive They are used to express real or very probable situations in the present or future. Wwe work hard, we'll finish the project on 126 1+ past simple or past continuous. present bare infinitive ‘They are used to express imaginary situations which are contrary to facts in the present and, therefore, are unlikely to happen in the present or future. They are also used to give advice, Richard is oydrearing m1 didn't have to work such long hours, | wouldn't be so tired Mt clause Main clause if + past perfectpast Perfect continuous, would/could/might + perfect bare infinitive They are used to express imaginary situations which are contrary to facts in the past. They are also used to ‘express regrets or criticism. Simon made a big mistake becouse he wasn't corel Wl ‘had been more careful, I wouldn't hhave made such a big mistakeConditionals - Wishes - Had Better/Would Rather- Note: Type 1 and Type 2 Conditionals refer to the present or the future. The use of Type 2 Conditionals suggests that the situation is less probable, impossible, or imaginary. Compare the examples: 9. a) If| meet Brad Pit, Il ask him about his next film, (comment made by a reporter who is going to Hollywood) I met Brad Pitt, | would ask for his autograph. (comment made by a teenage fan) b) It win the money, Il Buy a new car. (comment ‘made by a contestant on a TV game show) It won the money, | would buy a new car. (comment made by a member of the audience) We use if to show that something might happen. We use when to show that something will definitely happen. eg. If Steve calls, tell him I'l be back in ten minutes, (Steve might call) When Stove calls, ol him Ibe back in ten minutes. (itis certain that Steve will cal) We can form conditionals by using words/ ‘expressions such as unless (Type 1 Conditionals), providing/provided that, solas long as, on condition (that), what if, suppose/supposing, otherwise (= it not), but for, and, or (else), even if, in case offin the event of, etc. eg. a) Unless you help me, | won't finish on time. Ifyou don't help me, ..) Ii! water the plants providingiprovided (that) have time this afternoon. (.. if have time ..) ) So/As tong as you promise to be back by ‘midnight, you can go to the party {it you promise ..) 4) He agreed to work Saturdays on condition that he was paid overtime. (if he was paid ..) ©) il take Dad's car tomorrow night.” What if he reeds it?" (= What will ou do if he needs i?) 1), Suppose|Supposing you were fired, what would you do? (= It you were fred, .) 9) We'd better leave now. Otherwise we'll miss ‘our fight. (fwe don't leave now. we'll miss our a) 1) But for your advice, | wouldn't have been able 10 solve my problems. (it you hadi't advised me, ..) 1) Do that again and I! punish you. (it you do that 1) Don't do that again or (else) f 292i") Mt punish you: wouldn't go tothe party even it they invited me. 1) In case offln the event of a fire, sound the alarm, (it there isa fire,..) @, Sheeran @ We do not normally use will, would or should in an It-clause. However, we can use will or would atter if to make a polite request or express insistence or uncertainty (usually with expressions such as | don't know, | doubt, I wonder, etc.) In this case, if ‘means whether. We can also use should after if to talk about something which is possible, but not very likely to happen. e.g. a) If you will wait a minute, Mr Carrington will be able to see you, (Will you please wait. - polite request) by If you will go on making so much noise, F's send you out {ifyou insist on making ..- insistence) ©) !wonder if he'll call me tomorrow. (wonder whether... - uncertainty) It Paul should turn up, tell him to wait for me. (1 don't realy expect Paul to turn up.) ‘We can use were instead of was for all persons in the it-clause of Type 2 conditionals. eg. I Andrew wasiwere taller, he could be a basket ball player. We use if | were you ... when we want to give advice, e.g. If were you, | wouldn't travel on my own. ‘We can omit f and use inversion in Type 1, 2 and 3 Conditionals. This structure is more common in formal English. 9. a) Should he fail to be re-elected, it would be a {great disappointment for him. Were he more careful, he would make fewer mistakes, Had she been asked, she would have given her permission. in the gaps with if or when and a verb in We might go for a walk tomorrow... IF we go,.. we will take the dog with us. The quests will arive soon. ..When they arrive,.. we will greet them at the door |lam going to phone Sam in a minute him, | want you to leave the room. | might visit Pamela tomorrow. her. will buy her a present. ‘The bus comes at eight o'clock we will all get on it. ‘She might invite us to her party us. we wil go. The film wil start soon, | wil record it. ‘Mark may lend me some money. some ‘money. | will buy that jacket 127to make correct Type 0 conditional sentences, as in the example. eg. 1-4 ..If you wash woollen clothes in hot water, they shrink. A B 1 Wash woollen clothes, a They die. in hot water. b It becomes i 2 Put food in the fridge. wecomes ice 3 Don't water plants. ¢ Itgets rusty 4 Putwaterin the freezer. d They shrink. 5 Leave metal out in the J rain € It falls to the ground & Drop something, 1 Itstays fresh for longer 7 Throw a pebble into me ee ace 4 You get green 8 Mix blue and yellow. It sinks. cs {A trlend of yours is going to Monaco. You have been there before. What information do you give hhimiher? First, match the items in column & to the ones in column B, then make sent- fences, as in the example. 128 eg. If you want to stay at a five-otar hotel, go to the Hotel de Paris. It’s very luxurious. stay at a five-star hotel 9. dine out visit a museum see a play watch athletics events see beautiful flowers ‘observe wild animals {90 shopping Princess Grace Rose Garden (open every day) the Oceanographic Museum (popular with tourists) the Casino Square (designer shops) ‘Andre's Restaurant (French food) the Louis I Stadium {international competitions) the Zoological Gardens (recently modernised) the Hotel de Paris (very luxurious) the Fort Antoine Theatre (open-air performances) In pairs, ask and answer questions about what you would do in each of the following situations, as in the example. Use your own Ideas. 4% ‘SA: What would you do if you saw someone committing a robbery? IF | saw someone committing a robbery, | woul. the police. $B. you / see / someone committing a robbery you / find / a lot of money fire / star in your home you / have / a headache you / see / a stray dog outside your house your boss / shout / at you Read the headlines and make a condition: sentence for each, as in the example. 2g. If the prisoner hadn't escaped, he wouldn't have robbed the bank. STUDENTS” HARD WORK RAISES THOUSANDS FOR CHARITY © gscapep PRISONER [ROBS BANK © roorwauier nows © acrness IN CAR E WITH MANAGER AND ACCIDENT - FILMIN QUITS TEAM DELAYED HEAVY RAINS CAUSE FLOODING OF CREEK VALLEY 9 BRAVE TEENAGER SAVES CAILD FROM DROWNING (Gp Undentin tne comee frm ofthe vor My brother Kevin has always been a fitness fanatic. He believes that you 1) look afterilooked after your body. will ook ater you, Whenever anyone is ll, he 2) saysiwill say, they had taken care of themselves. they 3) wouldn't get wouldn't have got il. And the same thing 4) happens ‘will ‘happen to me if! 5) didn't keep fitidon't keep fit” | would often say to him, ‘| were you, Kevin, | 6) would try;would have tried to slow down a litle bit. You will wear yourself out. Last month, however, | went to the doctor's and he told ime that | was unfit. He said that 7) don't startididn't start taking regular exercise. | 8) would be/would have been in danger of becoming il | started going to the gym with Kevin and, alter a week, | said to him. ' feel better already. 1 9) knowihad known how good it feels to exercise, | 10) would startiwould have started years ago!Conditionals - Wishes - Had Better/Would Rather: Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense. 1. She would have come to dinner it we ..had Invited, (invite) her. 2 Ifyou had locked the door, the burglars (notiget) in 3. Were! you. | (put on) some warmer clothes, 4 Joan (be able to) come to the party i she wasn't working, 5. Had | heard any news, | (tet) you immediately. 6 Paul (cuin) his shirt if he limbs that tee. 7 Mark (02) younger. he could join the army. 18 She would have stayed at home i she {know) there would be so much tatfic: 9 Should he (get this job. he wil be able to buy his own flat, 10 tyou (put) your keys in your pocket you wouldn't have lost ther 11. She willbe here at eight unless she (lose) her way. 12. It were you. | (notigo) out in this weather 43. Emily (call) me if she had changed her mind, 14 Ifyou like Tom Cruise. you (love) this fim. 18 Dave (be) home at six o'clock provided he catches the five o'clock bus. (8), unions he conse word or xpesin 1 Ti lend you the money on condition that/unless you pay it back soon, 2. Even if/But for her help, I'd be in trouble now. 3. Unless/Provided it stops raining, we won't be {going to the park 4 [couldn't lend them the money even ifior| wanted to, 5 Tryto be here on time, andiotherwise we'll miss the beginning of the film. 6 ilwear Mum's necklace for the party What if/Otherwise you lose it?” 7 Supposing/Providing we went to London ~ what could we do there? 8 Be late again providediand you'll have to see the manager. 9 In case of/On condition that an emergency, call this number, 10 You can go to the party in case offas long as you are home before 11 pm. 11. Dor't shout oriwhat if you'll wake the baby. 10 " 2 13 4 18 POrTr SF SFO geo Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense. Ityou ..pass... (pass) a bakery. (youlbuy) some bread. please? Yes. of course. How much do you need? Did you invite Tim to the party? No, but when | (speak) to him, 1 (invite) him May | go out now. please? Yes, provided you (do) your homework ‘Mum seems very busy at the moment Were I you. | (otfer) to help her. Hurry up. or else we (ris) the train, | know. Im being as quick as I can. Unless you (work) hard, you {fai the exam, | know. I've been studying every evening. |orgot to ask Simon for his phone number Mm (see) him today. | (ask) hir for you. Peter won't help me with my homework Vm sure he (help) you ithe (have) the time. ‘'m not going to tell him what happened, What fhe {find out) on his own? "1 (notbuy) that lottery ticket fl {neveriwin) all this money! know. Isnt it amazing! Unless you (go) to bed now. you (be) tired in the morning, know. I'm going. | need some wrapping paper. Well itt (find) any atthe shop, ' (buy) some for you. Can Ihave some chocolate cake, please? Well as long as you (eat) all your dinner, you can have some chocolate cake, [nate going into town. ‘So do |. Whenever | (go) into town, 1 (come back) with a headache, You'd better apologise, otherwise he (neverispeak) to you again You're right. wll O)p croose me corect answer 1 ‘can't find my wallet i lwere you. 1..A, a in my jacket pocket. would look B willlook © am looking 2 Where is my bank book? ityou A inthe drawer. youtl find i had looked B look © looked 12910 " 2 3 1” y GO ‘we get up on time, we will catch the train I wil set my alarm clock A Supposing B Providing © Unless ‘Can | go and play football, please, Mun? you your homework, you can go and play, A finished —B hadfinished C_ have finished Dad shouted at me today. Well, if you the window, he wouldn't have shouted at you A. didn't break B hadn't broken © don't break ‘Why isthe baby crying? babies ae tired or hungry. they cry A When —B Providing © Supposing ‘When ice metts, it water. Everyone knows that! A becomes B will become © would become 'Tm going to a party tonight. Wh wasnrt il with you. A come B willcome © would come. We miss the bus, what will we do? Calla taxi ‘A Supposing B Providing © When. WI were rich, | around the world, ‘Perhaps you will one day. A willsal ~—B cansail © could sail Have you seen Daniel recently? ‘No. Ihave time, 1 him tomorrow. A would visit B might visit © visit Paul lost his watch ‘Well, ithe had looked after it, he it A wouldn't lose B won't lose © wouldn't have lost you hurry. you will be late for school ‘Ym nearly ready now A Unless B Providing © Supposing iW you hadn't watched that film, you ‘You're right A wouldn't have had _B won'thave © don't have nightmares Complete the following sentence an appropriate conditional claus with, Were | you, ..'d go to the police. Thad’ met her, Only if you work hard, I they had been more careful IFLwon a lot of money, Unless it rains, | would have told you earlier, But for your suggestions Should Annie phone, It you had tvied havaer, ishes - Had Better/Would Rather - Unreal Past WMibee Concittcncls 2 We can form mixed conditionals, if the context permits, it, by combining an i - clause from one type with a main clause from another. Type 2 It she got back late last night Type 1 she won't come f0 work todey. Type 2 you were more sensible, Type 3 you wouldn't have spoken to your boss like that. Typed Itshe hadn't missed the bus, Type 2 she would be here now. Rewrite the following as mixed conditional sentences. 1. She didn't study hard. She won't pass the exams. If she had studied hard, she would pass the exams, 2 You didn't wake me up. Now_'m ate for my appointment 3 She isnt well-qualified. She didnt get the job 4 We did't go to the restaurant. We don't ike fastfood. ‘5. She didn't bring her umbeella. Now, she's getting wet 6 I don't know them very wel, 0 I didnt go to the party. 7 He isnt atthe lecture because he wasn't told about 8 They didn't take a map with them, They’te lost now. 9 The driver isn't careful He crashed his car into a wall 10 I didn't buy tickets. We can't goto the theatre tonight 11 He didn't reserve a table, He has to wait for an hour 412. Sue forgot to go tothe bank. Now she can't go shopping 13, They missed ther fight. They won't artwe unt tomorrow,