Here are 50 objective questions based on the provided document on Human-Computer

Interaction (HCI), with explained answers:

### 1. **What is HCI?**

- A) Human-Computer Integration

- B) Human-Computer Interaction

- C) Human-Computer Implementation

- D) Human-Computer Interface

**Answer:** B) Human-Computer Interaction

**Explanation:** HCI is the study of the interaction between people (users) and
computers, focusing on improving usability.

### 2. **Which of the following is a goal of HCI?**

- A) Increase screen resolution

- B) Improve computer interaction

- C) Create new operating systems

- D) Decrease internet speed

**Answer:** B) Improve computer interaction

**Explanation:** One of the primary goals of HCI is to enhance the interaction between
users and computers by making systems more usable.

### 3. **Which sensory channel is primarily involved in HCI?**

- A) Taste

- B) Smell

- C) Sight

- D) Touch

**Answer:** C) Sight
 **Explanation:** Most interactions with computers occur through visual interfaces,
making sight a primary channel.

### 4. **What does 'user-friendly' typically misrepresent in HCI?**

- A) Complex software

- B) High usability systems

- C) Tidy screen displays

- D) Aesthetic design

**Answer:** C) Tidy screen displays

**Explanation:** 'User-friendly' is often misinterpreted as a tidy screen, but in HCI, it

refers to systems that meet user needs efficiently.

### 5. **Which of the following is NOT a benefit of usability in HCI?**

- A) Increased productivity

- B) Increased customer support costs

- C) More competitive products

- D) Decreased user training time

**Answer:** B) Increased customer support costs

**Explanation:** Usability aims to reduce customer support costs, not increase them.

### 6. **HCI is an interdisciplinary field drawing from many disciplines. Which is NOT one
of them?**

- A) Cognitive science

- B) Sociology

- C) Engineering

- D) Culinary arts

**Answer:** D) Culinary arts

 **Explanation:** HCI incorporates knowledge from cognitive science, sociology, and
engineering but not culinary arts.

### 7. **What is prototyping in HCI?**

- A) Final product design

- B) Early testing of incomplete designs

- C) Documenting user needs

- D) Programming user interfaces

**Answer:** B) Early testing of incomplete designs

**Explanation:** Prototyping allows testing and refining of partial solutions early in the
development process.

### 8. **Which of the following is a sensory buffer?**

- A) Long-term memory

- B) Echoic memory

- C) Working memory

- D) Episodic memory

**Answer:** B) Echoic memory

**Explanation:** Echoic memory is the sensory buffer for auditory stimuli, briefly holding
sound information.

### 9. **What does the term ‘visual angle’ in HCI refer to?**

- A) The direction of light

- B) The size of an object in a scene

- C) The angle at which a user views the screen

- D) The size of the image on the retina

**Answer:** D) The size of the image on the retina

 **Explanation:** The visual angle depends on the size of the object and its distance from
the eye.

### 10. **Which component of color refers to the wavelength of light?**

- A) Saturation

- B) Brightness

- C) Hue

- D) Contrast

**Answer:** C) Hue

**Explanation:** Hue is determined by the spectral wavelength of light and is responsible

for color perception.

### 11. **What is one of the main purposes of long-term memory in HCI?**

- A) Storing temporary data

- B) Storing factual information and experiences

- C) Quick access to current data

- D) Holding sensory information briefly

**Answer:** B) Storing factual information and experiences

**Explanation:** Long-term memory stores knowledge and experiences over long periods
with a large capacity.

### 12. **Which type of memory decays rapidly and holds temporary information?**

- A) Long-term memory

- B) Sensory buffers

- C) Short-term memory

- D) Working memory

**Answer:** C) Short-term memory

**Explanation:** Short-term memory holds information temporarily and decays quickly,

making it ideal for immediate tasks.
### 13. **Which of the following best describes inductive reasoning in HCI?**

- A) Deriving conclusions from general principles

- B) Generalizing from observed cases

- C) Reasoning from a fact to its cause

- D) Solving problems with known rules

**Answer:** B) Generalizing from observed cases

**Explanation:** Inductive reasoning involves inferring general rules from specific

observations, though it cannot guarantee certainty.

### 14. **Which input channel is considered primary in HCI interactions?**

- A) Hearing

- B) Touch

- C) Sight

- D) Smell

**Answer:** C) Sight

**Explanation:** Visual interaction dominates human-computer interaction through

interfaces like screens and graphics.

### 15. **What is the main role of haptic feedback in HCI?**

- A) Enhance user emotions

- B) Provide auditory information

- C) Offer tactile feedback during interaction

- D) Process complex information

**Answer:** C) Offer tactile feedback during interaction

**Explanation:** Haptic feedback provides tactile responses to users, such as vibrations or

pressure sensitivity.
### 16. **Which theory suggests that new information interferes with old information in
memory?**

- A) Decay theory

- B) Interference theory

- C) Cognitive load theory

- D) Attention theory

**Answer:** B) Interference theory

**Explanation:** Interference theory explains that new information can cause old
information to be forgotten, known as retroactive interference.

### 17. **What is the key difference between recall and recognition in memory retrieval?**

- A) Recognition provides cues, recall does not

- B) Recall is easier than recognition

- C) Both require external prompts

- D) Recognition uses episodic memory

**Answer:** A) Recognition provides cues, recall does not

**Explanation:** Recognition involves recognizing information with the help of cues, while
recall requires producing information without cues.

### 18. **What is episodic memory used for?**

- A) Storing sensory information

- B) Memorizing facts and concepts

- C) Recalling personal experiences and events

- D) Storing short-term information

**Answer:** C) Recalling personal experiences and events

**Explanation:** Episodic memory helps store and recall personal experiences in a serial
format.
### 19. **Which reasoning type involves deriving the most plausible explanation from
incomplete facts?**

- A) Deductive reasoning

- B) Inductive reasoning

- C) Abductive reasoning

- D) Logical reasoning

**Answer:** C) Abductive reasoning

**Explanation:** Abductive reasoning attempts to explain incomplete facts by deriving the

most plausible cause.

### 20. **What is the ‘recency effect’ in short-term memory?**

- A) A tendency to remember the first items in a list

- B) A tendency to forget the last items in a list

- C) Better recall of the most recent items in a sequence

- D) Inability to remember older information

**Answer:** C) Better recall of the most recent items in a sequence

**Explanation:** The recency effect refers to the phenomenon where recent items in a
sequence are remembered more easily.

### 21. **In HCI, what is a critical component of visual perception?**

- A) Auditory recognition

- B) Perception of color and depth

- C) Temperature sensing

- D) Smell detection

**Answer:** B) Perception of color and depth

**Explanation:** Visual perception includes recognizing color, depth, and relative

distances to interact with systems effectively.
### 22. **What is the role of usability in system design?**

- A) Ensuring aesthetics are prioritized

- B) Reducing costs while maintaining quality

- C) Making systems easier to use and more efficient for users

- D) Minimizing code complexity

**Answer:** C) Making systems easier to use and more efficient for users

**Explanation:** Usability in HCI aims to simplify interaction and meet user needs,
improving the overall user experience.

### 23. **Which is an example of a task that computers excel at compared to humans?**

- A) Creative problem-solving

- B) Recognizing complex patterns

- C) Data processing and calculations

- D) Inductive reasoning

**Answer:** C) Data processing and calculations

**Explanation:** Computers excel at fast, repetitive data processing and calculations, tasks
that are time-consuming for humans.

### 24. **Which element is NOT part of the interaction framework in HCI?**

- A) User

- B) Input

- C) Output

- D) Cognition

**Answer:** D) Cognition

**Explanation:** The interaction framework consists of user, input, system, and output.
Cognition plays a role in user understanding but is not a framework element.

### 25. **Which sensory input is the primary channel for interaction in HCI?**
 - A) Sight

- B) Touch

- C) Smell

- D) Taste

**Answer:** A) Sight

**Explanation:** Visual interaction dominates human-computer interaction, as screens

and graphics are the primary interface for users.

### 26. **What is the purpose of local dimming technology in HCI design?**

- A) Enhance color contrast

- B) Improve screen sharpness

- C) Reduce power consumption

- D) Minimize screen flicker

**Answer:** C) Reduce power consumption

**Explanation:** Local dimming technology helps reduce power consumption by

controlling the brightness of specific screen areas.

### 27. **What does cognitive psychology contribute to HCI?**

- A) Developing computer hardware

- B) Understanding user behavior and limitations

- C) Designing system interfaces

- D) Evaluating software efficiency

**Answer:** B) Understanding user behavior and limitations

**Explanation:** Cognitive psychology helps in understanding how users think and

interact with systems, guiding user interface design.

### 28. **Which human sense is often underestimated in HCI but conveys significant
environmental information?**
 - A) Sight

- B) Hearing

- C) Smell

- D) Taste

**Answer:** B) Hearing

**Explanation:** Hearing, although secondary to sight, conveys a lot of information, such

as alerts or feedback in system interaction.

### 29. **What is the role of ergonomics in HCI?**

- A) Improve system aesthetics

- B) Ensure physical interaction comfort

- C) Reduce cognitive load

- D) Increase system performance

**Answer:** B) Ensure physical interaction comfort

**Explanation:** Ergonomics in HCI focuses on designing physical interfaces that reduce

discomfort and enhance ease of use.

### 30. **Which effect describes the enhanced ability to remember the first items in a list?
**

- A) Recency effect

- B) Proactive effect

- C) Primacy effect

- D) Serial effect

**Answer:** C) Primacy effect

**Explanation:** The primacy effect refers to the tendency to better remember the first
items in a sequence.
### 31. **Which type of memory allows brief playback of information, such as recalling the
direction of a sound?**

- A) Working memory

- B) Sensory buffers

- C) Long-term memory

- D) Episodic memory

**Answer:** B) Sensory buffers

**Explanation:** Sensory buffers briefly hold sensory information like sound, allowing
short-term playback before it is lost or transferred to short-term memory.

### 32. **Which of the following is an example of retroactive interference in memory?**

- A) Forgetting an old phone number after learning a new one

- B) Forgetting new information due to old memories

- C) Mixing up two unrelated facts

- D) Memorizing multiple numbers at the same time

**Answer:** A) Forgetting an old phone number after learning a new one

**Explanation:** Retroactive interference occurs when new information interferes with

the recall of old information.

### 33. **Which factor is NOT part of the conceptual framework for improving usability in
HCI?**

- A) Understanding cognitive limits

- B) Accounting for environmental factors

- C) Enhancing processor speed

- D) Tailoring software to user tasks

**Answer:** C) Enhancing processor speed

**Explanation:** Usability in HCI focuses on improving human interaction with systems,

not on hardware performance like processor speed.
### 34. **Which theory explains that frequent rehearsal helps transfer information into
long-term memory?**

- A) Decay theory

- B) Interference theory

- C) Total time hypothesis

- D) Cognitive load theory

**Answer:** C) Total time hypothesis

**Explanation:** The total time hypothesis suggests that the more time spent rehearsing
information, the more likely it is to be stored in long-term memory.

### 35. **What does the term 'accessibility' refer to in HCI?**

- A) Ease of software installation

- B) Ensuring systems are usable by people with disabilities

- C) The availability of computer hardware

- D) Internet connection reliability

**Answer:** B) Ensuring systems are usable by people with disabilities

**Explanation:** Accessibility in HCI involves designing systems that accommodate users

with disabilities, ensuring ease of use for all.

### 36. **Which reasoning method starts with specific observations to form general
conclusions?**

- A) Deductive reasoning

- B) Inductive reasoning

- C) Abductive reasoning

- D) Logical reasoning

**Answer:** B) Inductive reasoning

 **Explanation:** Inductive reasoning generalizes from specific cases to form broader
conclusions, though these may not always be reliable.

### 37. **What is the role of ‘chunking’ in short-term memory?**

- A) Splitting long-term memory into smaller segments

- B) Grouping information into manageable units

- C) Enhancing memory retrieval speed

- D) Eliminating irrelevant data

**Answer:** B) Grouping information into manageable units

**Explanation:** Chunking helps overcome short-term memory limitations by grouping

data into smaller, more manageable units for easier recall.

### 38. **What does ‘semantic memory’ store?**

- A) Personal experiences

- B) Temporary information

- C) Factual knowledge and concepts

- D) Sensory information

**Answer:** C) Factual knowledge and concepts

**Explanation:** Semantic memory holds general knowledge such as facts and concepts,
unlike episodic memory, which stores personal experiences.

### 39. **Which of the following best describes cognitive load in HCI?**

- A) Mental effort required to use a system

- B) Amount of time spent using a system

- C) Number of physical interactions with a system

- D) Energy consumption by a system

**Answer:** A) Mental effort required to use a system

 **Explanation:** Cognitive load refers to the amount of mental effort users must invest
when interacting with a system.

### 40. **What is the purpose of providing feedback in user interfaces?**

- A) Improve system performance

- B) Guide the user through tasks

- C) Lower the system's memory usage

- D) Enhance the visual appeal of interfaces

**Answer:** B) Guide the user through tasks

**Explanation:** Feedback helps guide users, informing them about the system's response
to their actions, which improves the interaction experience.

---

### 41. **Which of the following is NOT a principle of user-centered design?**

- A) Designing for user needs

- B) Frequent usability testing

- C) Prioritizing system aesthetics

- D) Involving users in the design process

**Answer:** C) Prioritizing system aesthetics

**Explanation:** User-centered design focuses on meeting user needs and usability, not
just aesthetics.

### 42. **What is meant by 'adaptive brightness' in user interface design?**

- A) Brightness that adjusts based on system performance

- B) Brightness that changes according to environmental lighting

- C) Fixed brightness settings

 - D) User-controlled brightness at all times

**Answer:** B) Brightness that changes according to environmental lighting

**Explanation:** Adaptive brightness automatically adjusts screen brightness based on

surrounding light to improve user comfort.

### 43. **What type of memory holds sensory information briefly before it fades?**

- A) Short-term memory

- B) Sensory buffers

- C) Long-term memory

- D) Working memory

**Answer:** B) Sensory buffers

**Explanation:** Sensory buffers hold sensory information for a brief period before it is
processed or discarded.

### 44. **What is the key challenge in designing for users with cognitive limitations?**

- A) Creating aesthetically pleasing interfaces

- B) Reducing the complexity of tasks

- C) Increasing system processing speed

- D) Incorporating advanced hardware features

**Answer:** B) Reducing the complexity of tasks

**Explanation:** For users with cognitive limitations, simplifying tasks and reducing the
cognitive load is critical for effective interaction.

### 45. **What does 'total time hypothesis' in memory suggest?**

- A) Repeating information over time improves recall

- B) Memory decays quickly unless rehearsed constantly

- C) Information is lost over time regardless of practice

 - D) Practice has no impact on memory retention

**Answer:** A) Repeating information over time improves recall

**Explanation:** The total time hypothesis suggests that repeated rehearsal over time
improves memory retention.

### 46. **Which of the following is NOT a component of visual perception in HCI?**

- A) Depth perception

- B) Color recognition

- C) Auditory perception

- D) Brightness detection

**Answer:** C) Auditory perception

**Explanation:** Visual perception in HCI involves depth, color, and brightness detection
but does not include auditory perception.

### 47. **Which concept describes the tendency to remember the most recent information
in a sequence?**

- A) Primacy effect

- B) Recency effect

- C) Proactive interference

- D) Cognitive load

**Answer:** B) Recency effect

**Explanation:** The recency effect refers to the enhanced ability to remember the last
items in a sequence.

### 48. **Which component of color refers to the intensity or vividness of a hue?**

- A) Brightness

- B) Saturation

- C) Hue
 - D) Contrast

**Answer:** B) Saturation

**Explanation:** Saturation refers to the intensity or vividness of a color, influencing how

strong or muted the color appears.

### 49. **What is the primary benefit of usability testing in HCI?**

- A) Increasing system complexity

- B) Lowering system costs

- C) Identifying user problems and improving the interface

- D) Improving hardware speed

**Answer:** C) Identifying user problems and improving the interface

**Explanation:** Usability testing helps identify issues in the interface and allows
designers to improve it for better user interaction.

### 50. **What is the primary goal of HCI?**

- A) Create complex systems

- B) Improve interactions between users and computers

- C) Maximize system performance

- D) Decrease user feedback

**Answer:** B) Improve interactions between users and computers

**Explanation:** The primary goal of HCI is to enhance the usability and efficiency of
systems, improving the interaction between users and computers explained answers for
better understanding.