MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION (MSBTE)

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OFTECHNICAL

EDUCATION
TRIMURTI POLYTECHNIC, JALGAON
(1173)
Branch Name : Civil Engineering.
Subject Name and Code : HEN (22302)
Academic year : 2023-2024
Semester : Third
Project report on
Highway Failure and Maintenance

No. NAME OF THE STUDENT ENROLLMENT NO.

1 Siddharth Narayan Shirsath 2211730004
2 Sagar Kailas Patil 23611840029
3 Rakesh Vishwanath Nathjogi 2211730009
4 Shreyas Kalpanaraju Koshti 2211730007

PROJECT GUIDE

Signature of Faculty.

1
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION.

CERTIFICATE

This is Certify that Mr./Mrs. Siddharth, Sagar, Rakesh, Shreyas

of Third Semester of Diploma in Civil Engineering of institute of
Trimurti Polytechnic Jalgaon has Completed the Micro- Project
Satisfactorily in subject in HEN (22302) for Academic year 2023-2024
as prescribed in the curriculum

Place : Jalgaon

Date :

Enrollment No : 2211730004 / 23611840029,

2211730009 / 2211730007.

Subject Teacher Head of Department

2
 `

EVALUATION SHEET FOR THE MICRO PROJECT

Academic year : 2023-2024

Course code: 22302 Semester : 3nd

Title of the project: Highway Failure and Maintenance

Major learning outcomes achieved by students by doing the project

1. Practical outcome:
2. Unit outcomes in Cognitive domain:
3. Outcomes in Affective domain:

Marks out Marks out of

of6 for 4for
No Student Name performance performance in Total
in group oral/ outof 10
activity presentatio
(D5 Col.8) n(D5 Col.9)
1 Siddharth Narayan Shirsath

2 Sagar Kailas Patil

3 Rakesh Vishwanath
Nathjogi
4 Shreyas Kalpanaraju Koshti

(Signature of Faculty)
 WEEKLY PROGRESS REPORT

SR.NO. WEE ACTIVITY SIGN OF DATE

K PERFORMED GUIDE
1 1st Discussion and
Finalization of
topic
2 2nd Preparation and
Submission of
Abstract
3 3rd Literature Review

4 4th Collection of Data

5 5th Collection of Data

6 6th Discussion and outline

Of Content

7 7th Formulation of Content

8 8th Editing and proof Reading

Of Content
9 9th Compilation of Report
And Presentation
10 10th Seminar

11 11th Viva voce

12 12th Final submission of

MicroProject

Sign of the student Sign of the Faculty

  INTRODUCTION
Role of Transportation
The importance of transformation in the development
of a country is multi dimension. Transportation is vital
for the economic development any region, since every
product produced such as food, clothing, industrial,
products or medicine needs transport at all stages
from production to distribution.
The inadequate transportation facilities retard the
process of socio-economic development of a country. All
human beings are interacting over distance and time and
food, shelter, work, business, recreation and security. All
Agricultural and industrial raw materials, products and
equipment’s are needed to be transported from one place.

Three basic modes

of transportation
are: - 1.Land: Road
transport Railway
Transport
2.Water: Water ways
3.Air: Airways

The four major modes of transportation are:

1.Roadways
2. Railways
3.Waterways
4.Airways
  Roadways or Highways
Road transport is one of the most common mode of
transport. The transportation by road is the only mode
which could give maximum service to one and all. This
mode also has the maximum flexibility for travel with
reference to route, direction, time and speed and travel
etc. through any mode of road vehicle. Door to door
service can only be provided by road transport.
The planning, design, construction and
maintenance of road and roadway facilities need of
road traffic are covered under Highway Engineering.

Characteristics of Road Transport

1) Road have ability to accommodate various types of
vehicles at a time, like passenger cars, pedal cycles and
animal drawn vehicles.
2) Road transport requires a relatively low capital
investment for the government.
3) Particular short distance travel, road transport saves
time.
  HIGHWAY PAVEMENT
Pavements are generally classified into two categories:
1.Flexible pavement 2. Rigid pavement

1) Flexible pavement: Bituminous pavement

The pavements which have very less flexural strength are
called flexible pavements. This type of pavements transmit
the load to be lower layer by grain to grain transfer.
Flexible pavement component:
1.Soil subgrade 2. Sub base course
3.Base course 4. surface course

2) Rigid Pavement: cement concrete roads

Rigid pavements are those which possess worthy flexural
strength. The rigid pavement transmits the wheel load
stresses through a wider area below by the slab action.
The rigid pavement is made of Portland cement concrete.
The plain cement concrete slabs are expected to take up
about 40kg/cm.cm flexural stress.
 HIGHWAY FAILURE
Different types of road failures are identified within
Rajshahi City which are given as alligator cracking, block
cracking, potholes, ravelling, water bleeding, corrugation
and shoving, depression and rutting.
1. Alligator cracking
Alligator cracking is a very common failure. It occurred in
Dewanpara, katakhali. It
indicates the structural
failure that may further
deteriorate to a pothole. The
causes of this cracking are
inadequate structure, poor

drainage, etc. Mainte nance

taken such as carpeting is
used for normal alligator
cracking, bup t atching is
carried out for effective
alligator cracking.
2. Block cracking
Blockcracking is found near
khorkhori Bypass area,
Talaimari bus stoppage, etc.
It isallowingmoisture
infiltration and roughness.
It
is caused by poor
construction and unstable base. After carpeting, seal coat
is given to repair the cracked surface.

3. slippage cracking
Slippage cracking is found at railways station, Vodra. It
creates roughness on the road. It is caused by unstable
wearing surface and bad drainage. Surface treatment as
carpeting and sealing are done for the repair.

4. Pot holes
Potholes is the most common failure that occurs in most
places as Talaimari,
Vodra, Kazla, Laxmipur,
Nowdapara, Court area,
Katakhali.It is causedby
the movement of heavy
loaded vehicle and
accumulation of rain
water. When the depth
of the pothole is
considered then cutting,
filling, rolling operation
is considered for low
depth pot hole and
number of potholes are more only filling of the
premix materials are carried out.
5. Raveling
Ravelling is located near Court area, rail station, and
Talamari. It creates loose debris in the pavement,
roughness, and loss of skid resistance. It occurs due to
the inability of asphalt binder. Surface treatment is used
to solve this failure.

6.corrugation and shoving

They create roughness and elevated portion. It occurs due
to
poor mix design, heavy
traffic, unsuitable binder,
etc. After cutting the failure
portion, the techniques
inclu ding premix filling,
rolling, and sealing are
carried out respectively to
repair them.
7. Water bleeding
It isreducing skid resistan,ce
and structural support. It
caused by poor mix design with
more and unsuitable bind. er
 HIGHWAY MAINTENANCE
The function of preventing, repairing and restoring a
highway.
It is essential for:
• To preserve the road its
originally constructed
condition.
• To provided user safety.
• To provide efficient,
convenient travel along
the route.

 Highway maintenance include Physical

maintenance:
Activities such as sealing, patching, filling joints, etc.
 Traffic service activities:
Including painting pavements markings, removing snow,
ice, and litter.
 Rehabilitation:
Include restoring or betterment of roadway such as
resurfacing.

 TYPES OF MAINTENANCE
1.surface maintenance
2.roadside and drainage maintenance
3.Shoulder and approaches maintenance
4.snow and ice control
5. bridge maintenance
6. Traffic service
  SURFACE MAINTENANCE
Periodic re-shaping of the road surface to ensure proper
drainage and traffic passage.
 Purpose of road surface maintenance:
• To provide safety to
users.
• Improve road
performance.
• Lengthen
maintenance cycles.
• Reduce maintenance
costs.

 RODE SIDE AND DRAINAGE MAINTENANCE

• Clearing and cleaning of
drains.
• Reshapes/ re-grade
ditch, line drain.
• Clear manhole and
underground pipes.
• Erosion repair

 SHOULDERS
• Obstructions washed to the shoulder should be
removed.
• Vegetation control.
• Reshape or re-grade shoulder surface to the correct
level
  SNOW AND ICE CONTROL

• Ice reduces coefficient of

friction between tiresand
surface.
• Makes vehicle control
almost impossible.
• So snow from the roads
should be removed to
reduce the chances of
accidents.

 BRIDGE MAINTENANCE

• Exposed steel work

must be clean and
repaired.
• Cleaning and resealing
of Deck joint.
• Damage to guard rail,
must be Repaired and
strengthened.
• Resurfacing of deck.
• Scour around and
under piers and
abutments should be
removed.

 TRAFFIC SEVICES
• The installation of stop signs
and other signs.
• Repair Traffic signals.
• Pavement’s markings.
 CONCLUSION

• Highway pavements plays an important role in

convenience warning and direction
• There should be better management from time to time
to keep the pavements in good condition.
• Designing of pavements should be upgrade for better
climate resistance.
• The respective authorities also started about the
presence of this failures and different types of crack
and potholes mostly occur.
• The causes of bituminous pavement failures that
occur Rajshahi City are poor Quality control, weather
condition, heavy traffic load, inadequate structural
support, and excessive moisture in sub-grade.
• Therefore, the Quality of the maintenance and
standardization of maintenance procedure are not
always properly controlled which causes the roads to
undergo early and repeated road maintenance.
  National Highways Of India.

 The National highways in India are a network of trunk

roads owned by the Ministry of Road Transport and
Highways. National highways have flyover access or
some controlled-access, where entrance and exit is through
the side of the flyover, at each intersection of highways
flyovers are provided to bypass the city/town/village traffic
and these highways are designed for speed of 100 km/h.

 Some national highways have interchanges in between, but

do not have total controlled-access throughout the
highways. It is constructed and managed by the Central
Public Works Department (CPWD), the National Highways
and Infrastructure Development Corporation
Limited (NHIDCL), and the public works
departments (PWD) of state governments, the longest
National Highway in India is National Highway 44 at 4,112
km (2,555 mi).
 India started four laning of major national highways
with National Highway Development Project (NHDP). As of
March 2022 India have approximately 35,000 km of four
laned National highways.

 entrance and exit is controlled by the use ramps that are

incorporated into the design of the expressway. National
Highways follows standards set by Indian Roads
Congress and Bureau of Indian Standards.

 History

 The National Highways Act, 1956[6] provided for public i.e.

state investment in the building and maintenance of the
highways.

 The National Highways Authority of India was established

by the National Highways Authority of India Act, 1988.
Section 16(1) of the Act states that the function of NHAI is
to develop, maintain, and manage the National Highways
and any other highways vested in, or entrusted to, it by the
Government of India.
 In 1998 India launched a massive program of highway
upgrades, called the National Highways Development
Project (NHDP), in which the main north–south and east–
west corridors and highways connecting the four
metropolitan cities (Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata)
have been fully paved and widened into four-lane
highways. Some of the busier National Highway sectors in
India were also converted to four- or six-lane limited-
access highways.

 National Highways and Infrastructure Development

Corporation Limited started functioning w.e.f. 18 July
2014.[7] It is a fully owned company of Government of
India under Ministry of Road Transport and Highways and
was created to develop, maintain and manage the national
highways, strategic roads and other infrastructure of India.
It was dedicated to the task of promoting regional
connectivity in parts of the country which share
international boundaries. It is responsible for the
development, maintenance and management of National
Highways in hilly terrain of North-East part of India,
Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu &
Kashmir, Ladakh and Uttarakhand. It works as a
 specialised agency in high altitude areas and border
areas. Apart from highways, NHIDCL is constructing
logictic hubs and transport related infrastructure e.g.
multimodal transport hubs such as bus ports, container
depots, automated multilevel car parking etc.

 The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways adopted a

new systematic numbering of National Highways in April
2010.[8] It is a systematic numbering scheme based on the
orientation and the geographic location of the highway.
The new system indicates the direction of National
Highways whether they are east–west (odd numbers) or
north–south (even numbers). It also indicates the
geographical region where they are with even numbers
increasing from east to west starting from NH2 and odd
numbers increasing from north to south starting from
NH1.[9]

Network Length
 Total Length of National Highways in India in (KM)

Highways
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