Course Outline

Lecture-01
✓ Right form of verb
✓ Dangling Modifier
✓ Vocabulary (Group verb- H.W)
 Right Form of Verb
Verb এর Base Form
❖ Can, could, may, might, shall, should, would, will, ought to, have to, has
to, had to, cannot but, could not but, do, does, did, to ইত্যাদির পরর মূ ল verb
এর Base form হয়।
You may come tomorrow.
Apon could not but help him.
❖ Had better, had rather, would better, would rather, let, must, need, dare
ইত্যাদির পর প্রিত্ত verb এর Base form হয় এবং প্রিত্ত verb এর পূ রবে to থাকরল উক্ত to উরে
যায়।
You had better go home.
I will not let you enter the class room.
❖ But এর অবযবাদহত্ পরর যয verb থারক ত্ার base form হয়।
He could not but go there.
 Right Form of Verb
Verb এর সারথ s, es
❖ Sentence-টির Subject যদি 3rd person এবং singular number হয় এবং
Sentence-টি যদি Present Indefinite Tense-এ থারক ত্াহরল Verb-এর যেরে s বা es
যযাগ কররত্ হয়।
Shapla opens the windows everyday
The boy plays football.
❖ যকার া Sentence-এ usually, always, sometimes, generally, everyday, daily,
often, regularly, occasionally, normally ইত্যাদি থাকরল যসই Sentence-এর verb
টি Present Indefinite Tense হয়।
He sometimes visits to us.
He always does his best.
 Right Form of Verb
Verb এর Past form
❖ যকার া Sentence-এ Once, Yesterday, ago, long ago, long since, last,
last night, last week, last month, last year, the day before yesterday,
just + time + ago (যযম : just two months ago) ইত্যাদি থাকরল ঐ sentence
টি past indefinite Tense এ হয়।
Her father died yesterday.
John came to house last year.
❖ As though, as if, wish থাকরল to be verb দহরসরব were বরস।
I wish I were a king.
He talks as if he were a leader.
 Right Form of Verb
Verb এর Past Participle form
❖ Sentence-এ যদি has, have, had, being থারক বা having ত্াহরল Verb এর Past Participle
form হয়।
He has done the work.
We have made him captain.
Having done the job, I returned from office.
❖ Am, is, are, was, were ইত্যাদি to be verb-এর পর Passive Voice এর যেরে Verb-এর Past
Participle হয়।
The book was stolen from my table.
The construction of the building has been completed.
❖ যকার া Sentence-এ recently, already, yet, just, ever, never, just now, lately ইত্যাদি
থাকরল ঐ sentence টি Present Perfect Tense এ হয়।
I have already done my work.
He just has finished his dinner
 Right Form of Verb
❖ Can be, could be, should be, may be, might be, must be, let be, to be, এবং
Passive voiceএর যেরে মূ ল verb-এর past participle হয়।
The thief ran away having taken the money.
Our teachers must be respected.
কিন্তু Future continuous Tense এ shall be/ will be এর পরর verbএর সারে ing যুক্ত িররে
হরে।
I shall be doing the work.
❖ Have, has, had, will have, shall have, should have, would have, might have,
could have, must have-এর পরর verb-এর Past Participle হয়।
You must have done the work.
Jhinuk has completed her home task.
 Right Form of Verb
Verb এর Ving
❖Preposition (যযম - in, on, at, behind, ইত্যাদি এবং Possessive form (যযম -
our, his, her, your, their)-এর পরর verb থাকরল verb-এর সারথ ing যযাগ কররত্
হয়।
I never think of going there.
Without reading attentively, you cannot make a good result.
Ridoy insisted on my going.
❖যকা Verb এর পূ রবে mind, worth, past, cannot help, could not help,
would you mind, with a view to, look forward to, with an eye to,
addicted to, confess to, habituated to, accustomed to, subject to,
object to, adverse to, থাকরল verb এর সারথ ing যযাগ কররত্ হয়।
I went to the library with a view to reading there.
He never thought of going to cinema.
 Right Form of Verb
❖ While এর ঠিক পররই যয Verb থারক ত্ার সারথ ing যযাগ হয়। দকন্তু While এর পরর
Subject থাকরল While এর অংেটি Continuous Tense হয়।
While walking in the garden, he was bitten by a snake.
While she was coming, I was sleeping.
❖Then, at that moment যকার া Sentence এ থাকরল Past Continuous
Tenseহয়।
Then I was flying a kite.
He was playing cricket at that moment
❖যকার া Sentence-এ at that time, at that moment, then ইত্যাদি থাকরল ঐ
Sentence টি past continuous Tense এ হয়।
When my father came into my room, I was cooking at that time.
They were watching television at that moment.
 Right Form of Verb
❖ Go verb-এর পরর Infinitiveথাকরল Present Continuous Tense হয়।
Fatema is going to open a bank account.
We are going to start for Dhaka.
❖ যকার া sentence-এর মাঝখার comma (,) থারক এবং এই comma-এর পরপরই
verb থারক ত্াহরল verb-এর সারথ ing যু ক্ত হয়।He went away, leaving me
alone.ix. যকার া sentence-এর শুরুরত্ যদি verb থারক, এবং বারকযর মাঝখার
comma থারক এবং sentence-এর subject প্রথরম া যথরক এই comma-এর পরর
থারক, ত্াহরল ঐ verb-এর সারথ ing যু ক্ত হয় অথবা having + verb-এর past
participle হয়।
Reaching Dhaka, I will phone you.
Or, Having reached Dhaka, I will phone you.
 Right Form of Verb
❖ ভদবেযরত্ যকার া দকছু ইচ্ছা প্রকাে কররত্ Be verb + going to বযবহৃত্ হয়। এরেরে
going to এর পরবত্ী verb Infinitive যযারগ গঠিত্ হয়।
They are going to open a bank.
❖ Possessive (my, his, your, our, their, her, Rasheda's (ইত্যাদি) এর পরর যয
verb থারক ত্ার সারথ ing যু ক্ত হয়।
I don't like his coming here.
 Right Form of Verb
Miscellaneous
❖ যয সকল Sentence-এ be verb য ই, ত্ারিররক Negative বা Interrogative
কররত্ হরল Tense ও Subject অ ু সারর do, does বা did বযবহার কররত্ হয়।
The boy does not smoke.
Did Tasnova and Tamanna come to my room yesterday?
❖ যকা Simple Sentence-এ Principal Verb এর পর যদি আররকটি verb থারক
ত্াহরল পরবত্ী Verb এর সারথ ing যযাগ কররত্ হয় অথবা Verb টির পূ রবে to বসারত্
হয়। উরেখয, উরেেয (Purpose) বু ঝারত্ Verb-এর পূ রবে to বসারত্ হয়।
I saw him going.
I have come here to solve the problem.
❖ As, so, how, too প্রভৃদত্ adverb যকার া adjective যক modify কররল যসই
adjective এর পরর article বরস।
He is as cunning a man as a fox.
 Right Form of Verb
❖ Interrogative sentence-এ what, when, where, who, which, whose,
why, how, থাকরল subject এর পূ রবে Tense ও person অ ু যায়ী Auxiliary verb
যযাগ কররত্ হয়।
What do you want?
❖ Sentence এর শুরুরত্ would that থাকরল Subject এর পরর could বরস এবং প্রিত্ত
Verb এর Base form বরস কারণ ত্া কাল্পদ ক ঘট া প্রকাে করর।
Would that I could go to Brazil tonight.
❖ Conjunction-এর পূ রবে র অংরের অথে াৎ main clause এর verb টি Past Tense-
এর হরল এবং পররর অংরে next-এর পরর যকা সমরয়র (next day, next week,
next month, next year ইত্যাদি) উরেখ থাকরল ত্ার future expectation in
the past বু ঝারত্ Should বা would হরব।
He said that he would go home on the next day.
 Right Form of Verb
❖ Lest যু ক্ত sentence-এ lest এর পরর যয subject থারক ত্ার পরর should/ might
বরস
He ran fast lest he should miss the train.
❖ সম্ভাব া ও দেষ্টাচার বু ঝারত্ Present Tense-এর সারথ Might এবং Future Tense-
এর সারথ Might have বরস।
You might try once.
He might have gone with you.
❖ Not-but দ্বারা দুটি noun অথবা pronoun যক যু ক্ত করা হরল পরবত্ী Noun অথবা
pronoun অ ু যায়ী verb এর বযবহার কররত্ হরব।
Not the brothers but their sister has done this.
❖ Order েব্দটি দ্বারা যখ আরিে বু ঝার া হয়, ত্খ ত্া সবে িা Plural হয়।
The Ministry of Education has passed orders for the college
authority.
 Right Form of Verb
❖ After বা when দ্বারা যু ক্ত দুটি clause-এর যেরে after বা when এর পূ বেবত্ী
clause টির verb future বা present indefinite tense হরল পরবত্ী clause টির
verb present perfect tense হরব।
Sadia takes her breakfast when She has finished her work.
❖ Possessive (my, his, your, our, their, her, Rasheda's (ইত্যাদি) এর পরর যয
verb থারক ত্ার সারথ ing যু ক্ত হয়।
I don't like his coming here.
❖ দ ম্নদলদখত্ Phrase যযম : out of sort, out of door, out of spirit, out of
elbow, a man of letter, a man of part গুদলর সারথ 's' বসারত্ হরব। যযম :-
Out of sorts, Out of doors, out of spirits, out of elbows, a man of
letters, a man of parts বলরত্/দলখরত্ হরব।
Everybody respects a man of letters.
 Right Form of Verb
❖ Here, there, Now, Never, thus, so, same, such প্রভৃদত্ দিরয় Assertive
sentence শুরু হরল Subject-এর পূ রবে Verb বরস।
Here is your lost son.
Such is life.
❖ Unless, Until, as long as দ্বারা দুটি clause যু ক্ত হরল, ত্ারির পরবত্ী verb টি
present indefinite tense এ হরল এরির পূ বেবত্ী verb টি future perfect tense
এ হরব। ত্রব এরির দ্বারা যু ক্ত দুটি clause এর যযরকার া একটিরত্ Past indefinite
tense থাকরল অপর অংেটিও Past indefinite tense- ই হরব।
I opened the door as soon as he came.
I shall wait for you until you come.
I will have done the work as soon as he comes.
❖ Adjective whole- এর পূ রবে the- এবং এরপর of বরস।
The whole of the cake was eaten up by him.
 Right Form of Verb (Classroom practice questions)
01. Since she came, I ____ happy.
A. had been
B. has been
C. have
D. am
02. Many people ____ since I went.
A. come
B. comes
C. had come
D. have came
 Right Form of Verb
03. Many people ____ since I had gone.
A. came
B. comes
C. had come
D. have came
04. He said as if he _____ everything.
A. knows
B. will know
C. knew
D. had known
 Right Form of Verb
05. She says as though she ____ everything.
A. knows
B. knew
C. had known
D. will know
06. It is high time we _____ to read.
A. go
B. went
C. had gone
D. is going
 Right Form of Verb
07. Choose the correct sentence.
A. He has done his work already.
B. He already done his work.
C. He has not yet done his work.
D. He has not done his work yet.
08. We have been teaching ____ 2016.
A. since B. for
C. from D. by
 Right Form of Verb
09. JAWAN had come before DUNKIE ____.
A. came
B. comes
C. come
D. had come
10. When she ____, I went to market.
A. was cooking
B. cooked
C. cooks
D. had cooked
 Right Form of Verb
11. I was not perfect in class when he____.
A. teach
B. taught
C. teaches
D. had taught
12. While she was watching TVC, I ____.
A. am reading
B. had been reading
C. have been reading
D. was reading
 Right Form of Verb
13. When water boils, It ____ into vapor.
A. will turn
B. turns
C. would turn
D. is turning
14. Iron is used to ____ a building.
A. make
B. making
C. to make
D. makes
 Right Form of Verb
15. By 2026 Bangladesh ____ country.
A. will be developed
B. will have developed
C. will have been developed
D. would have developed
16. I finished ____ a novel.
A. reading
B. to read
C. read
D. reads
 Right Form of Verb
17. If he had finished his M.phl. he ____ a better position.
A. will have gone
B. would go
C. would have gone
D. will go
18. I ___ TV when the telephone was ringing.
A. watched
B. watching
C. was watching
D. had been watching
 Right Form of Verb
19. My uncle was arriving while I ____ the dinner.
A. would cook
B. had cooked
C. cook
D. was cooking
20. Obviously, objectives occasionally ____ be modified of changed.
A. have to
B. must to
C. shouldn’t
D. ought
 Right Form of Verb (most important practice questions)
1. It is high time we - the project.
A. start B. started C. starting D. start up
02. She likes_____ adventure books.
A. reads B. reading C. to reading D. read
3. I don’t mind _____ negative feedback if it is true.
A. accept B. accepting C. to accept D. of accepting
4. It was quite long since we _____ any letter from you.
A. had not received B. did not receive
C. received D. receive
5. It is high time we _____ our efforts to change the country.
A. will use B. had used C. used D. use
 Right Form of Verb
6. The boy with his friends _____ helping the old woman cross the
road.
A. are B. is C. were D. will
7. No sooner had she said it ____ she burst into tears.
A. then B. when C. before D. than
8. None should be addicted to ____computer games.
A. be played B. plays C. play D. playing
9. Do you mind _____ alone here?
A. are B. be C. to be D. being
10. Select the incorrect part of the sentence. The captain along with
his team / are practicing very hard / for the / forth coming matches.
A. The captain along with his team B. are practicing very hard
C. for the D. forth coming matches
 Right Form of Verb
11. As the sun ____. I decided to go out.
A. has shined B. had shined
C. was shining D. shined
12. Hardly had I reached the station when the university bus---
A. left B. had left C. have left D. leaves
13. Jara studied hard with a view to ______.
A. getting an A+ B. get on A+
C. be getting an A+ D. an A+
14. It is no use of ____there.
A. going B. to go C. gone D. have gone
15. Rana gave up ____football when he became injured.
A. play B. playing C. to play D. played
 Right Form of Verb
16. We look forward to _____.
A. hear from you B. heard from you
C. be heard from you D. hearing from you
17. Since last year, I ______him only once.
A. have seen B. have been seeing
C. see D. has seen
18. As soon as I came in, she ____ the room.
A. was leaving B. had been leaving
C. has left D. left
19. She wished she _____ more time to study.
A. has B. had C. have D. having
 Right Form of Verb
20. Are you interested _______tennis tomorrow?
A. in playing B. for playing
C. on playing D. to play
21. Would you mind _____the window?
A. that I open B. open C. to open D. opening
22. Ninety miles ____a long distance.
A. are B. were C. quite D. is
23. I wish I ___a bird.
A. was B. am C. were D. have been
24. Hasan informs that Zara ____the work already.
A. finished B. had finished
B. C. had finished D. has been finishing
 Right Form of Verb
25. Ten man died in accident as a car and a bus ______ last evening.
A. have collided B. collided C. collisioned D. had collided
26. The manager together with her members ______ present in the last
meeting.
A. was B. were C. have been D. is
27. The submarine dipped to avoid ____ by the enemy plane.
A. see B. seeing C. being seen D. seen
28. In fear of _____he escaped elsewhere.
A. arresting B. arrested C. being arrested D. having arrested
29. The boy (to lie) on the floor yesterday.
A. lies B. lied C. lay D. layed
30. It is high time we (act) on the matter.
A. are acting B. acted C. have acted D. could act
 Dangling Modifier

এিটি phrase যয word-যি modify ো refer িরর যসই word-টি phrase-এর

ঠিি পর পর েসরে। যকি ো না িরা হয়। phrase-টি dangling modifier (Illogical
modifier) হরে; অেথাৎ phrase-টির মাধ্যরম অরযৌকক্তিভারে অনয এিটি word-যি
modify িরা হরে।
1.Having stolen money ________.
a. the police caught the thief.
b. the thief was caught by the police.
উপররর প্ররের কিরি যেয়াল িররল যিো যায় যয িমার আরে এিটি phrase আরে, এই
phrase দ্বারা যযই subject যি refer িররে যসটি subject হরে। িমার আরে
phrase দ্বারা েু ঝারে টািা টা চুকর িরর, এেন প্রে হরে চুকর িররে যি? উত্তর অেশ্যই
যচার োই Answer: b)
 Dangling Modifier

2. I saw a dead cow walking along the street.

োহরল োর অেথ হয়: আকম যিেলাম রাস্তা কিরয় এিটি মরা েরু যেঁরট যারে।
োহরল েযাপারটি যিমন হয়? োিযটি েঠনেে কিি যেরি ভুল নয়, েরে এর েক্তেয কি
যু কক্তযু ক্ত? মরা েরু কি হাাঁটরে পারর? এই সমসযাটি ঘরটরে participle এর েযেহাররর
ত্রুটির িাররে। walking-participle-টি I (subject) এর জনয েযেহৃে হওয়া উকচে,
কি এোরন dead cow এর জনয েযেহৃে হরয়রে। এইভারে Participle ভুলক্ররম
েযেহৃে হরল, োরি েরল Misrelated Participle / Illogical Participle
Modifier.
োিযটির সঠিি রূপ হরে: While walking along the street, I saw a dead
cow. (রাস্তা কিরয় হাাঁটোর সময় আকম এিটি মরা েরু যিেলাম)
 Dangling Modifier (Classroom practice)
1. Widely reproduced in magazines and books, ——.
A. Ansel Adams depicted the Western wilderness in his photographs
B. the Western wilderness was depicted in the photographs of Ansel Adams
C. Ansel Adams' photographs depicted the Western wilderness
D. it was through his photographs that Ansel Adams depicted the Western
wilderness
2. Like the federal government, ——————.
A. taxation provides most of the funds for state and local governments as well
B. state and local governments obtain most of their funds through taxation
C. through taxation is how state and local governments obtain most of their funds
D. funds are provided from taxation for state and local governments
3. While living in New Orleans, —— the Creole people of Louisiana.
A. a book of folklore, Bayou Folk; was written by Kate Chapin about
B. Bayou Folk, a book of folklore, was written by Kate Chapin about
C. the subject of Kate-Chapin's book Bayou Folk was the folklore of
D. Kate Chapin wrote Bayou Folk, a book about the folklore of
 Dangling Modifier
4. Rich and distinctive in flavor, ——————.
A. there is in the United States a very important nut crop, the pecan
B. the most important nut crop in the United States, the pecan
C. farmers in the United States raise pecans, a very important nut crop
D. pecans are the most important nut crop in the United States
5. Originally settled by Polynesians around 700 AD, ——.
A. Hawaii received its first European visitor in 1778, when Captain James Cook
landed there
B. Hawaii's first European visitor, Captain James Cook, landed there in 1778
C. in 1778 the first European, Captain James Cook, visited Hawaii
D. the first European to visit Hawaii was Captain James Cook, landing there in 1778
6. Fearing economic hardship, ———.
A.many New Englanders emigrated to the Midwest in the 1820s
B. emigration from New England to the Midwest took place in the 1820s
C. it was in the 1820s that many New Englanders emigrated to the Midwest
D. an emigration took place in the 1820s from New England to the Midwest
 Dangling Modifier
7. Similar to the floppy disk, –––––.
A. stores data in the hard disk sectors
B. the hard disk stores data in sectors
C. data is stored in the hard disk in sectors
D. stores data in sectors in the hard disk
8. Unlike most birds, –––––––.
A. the heads and necks of vultures lack feathers.
B. feathers are not found on the heads and necks of vultures.
C. vultures do not have feathers on their heads and necks.
D. there are no feathers on vultures' heads and necks.
9. Smaller and flatter than an orange, –––––––––.
A. a tangerine is easy to peel and its sections separate readily
B. the peel of a tangerine is easily removed and its sections are readily separated
C. it's easy to peel a tangerine and to separate its sections
D. to peel a tangerine is easy, and its sections can be readily separated
 Dangling Modifier
10. Choose the correct sentence.
A. Running along the street, I felt as if my nose were frozen.
B. Running in the street, I felt my nose frozen.
C. My nose had felt frozen when I was running in the street.
D. Running along the street, I felt as if my nose was frozen.
11. No confusion of the grammatical subject occurs in–
A. Young and inexperienced, the task seemed easy to me.
B. Young and inexperienced, it seemed to me to be an easy task.
C. Young and inexperienced, I thought the task easy.
D. Young and inexperienced, it was an easy task for me.
12. Choose the correct sentence.
A. Flying outside the window, he grabbed the papers.
B. Flying out of the window, he grabbed the papers.
C. Flying out the window, the papers were grabbed by him.
D. Flying out the window, the papers grabbed by him.
 Dangling Modifier
13. Find out the correct sentence.
A. Knowing little algebra, it was difficult to solve the problem.
B. Knowing little algebra, the problem was difficult to solve.
C. Knowing little algebra, I found it difficult to solve the problem.
D. Knowing little algebra, solving the problem was difficult.
14. Find out the correct sentence.
A. Having Crossing the street, a car almost struck us.
B. As we crossed the street, a car almost struck us.
C. A car almost struck us, crossing the street.
D. Having crossed the street, a car almost struck us.
15. Which sentence is a correct sentence?
A. Hearing the good news, I was happy.
B. Hearing the good news, happiness was mine.
C. Hearing the good news, happy I was.
D. Hearing the good news, mine was happiness.
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16. While going to class, −−−−.
A. the dog bit me
B. I was bitten by a dog
C. a dog bite me
D. a dog bit me
17. A popular instrument, ———————.
A. only a limited role has been available to the accordion in classical music
B. there is only a limited role for the accordion in popular music
C. classical music provides only a limited role for the accordion
D. the accordion has played only a limited role in classical music
18. Unlike most modernist poets, ——— based on ordinary speech.
A. Robert Frost's poems were
B. the works of Robert Frost were
C. Robert Frost wrote poems that were
D. the poetry written by Robert Frost was
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19. Named for its founder, ——— in Ithaca, New York.
A. in 1865 Ezra Cornell established Cornell University
B. Cornell University was established in 1865 by Ezra Cornell
C. it was in 1865 that Cornell University was established by Ezra Cornell
D. Ezra Cornell. established Cornell University in 1865

20. Orbiting from 2.7 to 3.6 billion miles from the sun,-
A. the astronomer Clyde Tombaugh discovered Pluto in 1930
B. Pluto was discovered by the astronomer Clyde Tombaugh in 1930
C. it was in 1930 that the astronomer Clyde Tombaugh discovered Pluto
D. the discovery of Pluto was made by Clyde Tombaugh in 1930
How to Complete Group Verb?
 Next Class Lecture-02

✓ Subject Verb Agreement

✓ Parallelism
✓ Vocabulary (Preposition- H.W)

সাপ্তারহ একদি অবেযই Vocabulary Test য ওয়া হরব।