Homework : Chapter 4

4.2(a) (c) (e), 4.3, 4.4 (a), 4.8 (a) (c) (e), 4.12 (a) (b) (c), 4.13(a)(b)(c), 4.14, 4.20, 4.25,
4.28, 4.29, 4.31, 4.33 (d) (f)

Problems selected from the reference book : "Signals, Systems, and Transforms",
Addison Wesley(or Pearson) 1991. Author：Leland B. Jackson.

4.2 Give the Fourier series coefficients ak corresponding to each of the following
periodic signals. State the value of the fundamental frequency ω0 in each case.
(a) x(t ) = sin(2t + π / 4) . (b) x(t ) = sin(2t ) + cos(4t ) .
(c) x(t ) = cos(2t ) + sin(3t ) . (d) x(t ) = sin(3t ) cos(5t ) .
(e) x(t ) =| sin(2t ) | . (f) x(t ) = cos 3 t .
∞
(g) x (t ) =  k =−∞ e − a (t − k ) [u (t − k ) − u (t − k − 1)] .
(h) Fig. 4.5(a) with T = 2 .

Fig. 4.5(a)
(i) Fig. 4.5(b) with T = 2 .

Fig. 4.5(b)
(j) Fig. 4.5(c) with T = 2 .

Fig. 4.5(c)

(k) x(t ) (l) x(t )

4.3 Assuming a lowpass filter h(t ) for which H ( jkω0 ) in Eq. (4.2.6) equals
1, | k |≤ 1
H ( jkω0 ) = 
0, | k |> 1,
Find the output y(t ) for each of the inputs x(t ) assigned in Problem 4.2(a) (c)
(e).

4.4 (a) Determine the Fourier series coefficients ck for the output y(t ) of a LTI
system with impulse response h(t ) = e − t u (t ) to each of the inputs x(t )
assigned in Problem 4.2(a) (c) (e).
 (b) Repeated for the impulse response h(t ) = e −|t| .
4.8 Find the Fourier transform X ( jω ) of each of the following signals, and sketch
the corresponding magnitude spectrum | X ( jω ) | .
(a) x (t ) = e at u ( −t ), a > 0. (b) x (t ) = e − a|t | , a > 0.
(c) x (t ) = δ (t − t0 ) + δ (t + t0 ). (d) x (t ) = δ (t − t0 ) − δ (t + t0 ).
(e) x(t ) = e− at cos(ω0t )u (t ), ω0 ≫ a > 0.
[Hint: Here | X ( jω ) |≈| X 1 ( jω ) | + | X 2 ( jω ) | with x (t ) = x1 (t ) + x2 (t ) ]
(f) x(t ) = cos(π t )[u (t + 1) − u (t − 1)]. (g) x(t ) = sin(π t )[u (t + 1) − u (t − 1)].
(h) x(t ) = [1 + cos(π t )][u (t + 1) − u (t − 1)].
(i) (j)

4.12 Find the Fourier transform of Ev{x(t )} and the Fourier transform of Od{x(t )}
for each of the following signals:
(a) x (t ) = e − at u (t ), a > 0. (b) x (t ) = cos(ω0t )u (t ).
(c) x (t ) = δ (t − t0 ). (d) x(t ) = u (t ) − u (t − T ).

4.13 Given the following Fourier transform, determine the corresponding signal x(t )
in each case. (Hint: User the properties in Table 4.1, as appropriate.)
(a) X ( jω ) = e − a|ω | , a > 0. (b) X ( jω ) = sinc(ω − 10) + sinc(ω + 10) .
(c) X ( jω ) = cos(ω ) sinc(ω ). (d) X ( jω ) = j[u (−ω ) − u (ω )].
(e) X ( jω ) = jω[u (ω + 1) − u (ω − 1)]. (f) X ( jω ) = 2πδ (ω ) + e − jω sinc 2 (ω ).

4.14 Consider the following possible attributes of a Fourier transform X ( jω ) :

(i) X ( jω ) real. (v) X ( jω ) periodic.
(ii) X ( jω ) imaginary. (vi) e jωτ X ( jω ) imaginary for some real τ ≠ 0 .
(iii) X ( j 0) = 0 . (vii) X ( jω ) square-integrable over −∞ < ω < ∞.
∞ ∞
(iv)  X ( jω )d ω = 0 (viii)  ω X ( jω )d ω = 0
−∞ −∞

Determine the time-domain equivalent of each of these frequency-domain

attributes and then indicate which of the following signals possess that attribute.
(a) x(t ) = cos(π t )[u (t + 1) − u (t − 2)]. (b) x(t ) = sin(π t )[u (t + 1) − u (t − 1)].
(c) x(t ) = δ (t − 1) + δ (t + 1). (d) x(t ) = δ (t − 2) − δ (t + 3).
− a|t |
(e) x(t ) = te , a > 0. (f) x(t ) in Fig. 4.5(a).
(g) x(t ) in Fig. 4.5(b). (h) x(t ) in Fig. 4.5(c).
4.20 (a) Prove the multiplication property of the Fourier transform, that is,
1
x(t ) p(t ) ↔ X ( jω ) * P( jω ).
2π
(b) Find the Fourier transform of y (t ) = x(t )e− t u (t ) , where x(t ) is the square
wave in Fig. 4.1. Sketch the signal y(t ) .
(c) Derive the following generalization of Parseval's relation:
∞ ∞
 x(t ) w* (t )dt = 1
2π  X ( jω )W * ( jω )d ω .
−∞ −∞
(d) Evaluate the integral
∞
 −∞
sinc(t ) sinc(3t )dt .

4.25 An important property of the Fourier transform of a causal signal x(t ) is that
X ( jω ) is completely specified by its real part Re{ X ( jω )} . This property is
known as real-part sufficiency.
(a) Express X ( jω ) for a causal signal x(t ) in terms for Re{ X ( jω )} . [Hint:
Consider xe (t ) and xo (t ) .]
(b) Why is Im{ X ( jω )} not completely sufficient to specify X ( jω ) in general?
What if x(0) is known to be finite?
(c) Show that Re{ X ( jω )} and Im{ X ( jω )} are related by the expression
∞
Re{ X ( jα )}
Im{ X ( jω )} = − π1  ω −α dα .
−∞
∞
Im{ X ( jα )}
Likewise, if | x(0) |< ∞ , show that Re{ X ( jω )} = π1  ω −α dα .
−∞
(These expressions are Hilbert transforms, but with the time and frequency
domains interchanged form the usual definition.)
(d) Show that if x(t ) is causal with | x(0) |< ∞ , X ( jω ) satisfies the identity
∞
X ( jα )
X ( jω ) = 1
jπ  dα .
−∞ ω −α

4.28 You are given that a causal LTI system satisfies the linear differential equation
d 2 y (t ) dy (t ) dx(t )
2
+7 + 12 y (t ) = + 2 x(t ) .
dt dt dt
(a) Find the frequency response H ( jω ) of the system.
(b) Find the output y(t ) of the system to the following input signals:
(i) x(t ) = δ (t ). (iii) x(t ) = e−2t u (t ).
(ii) x(t ) = e− t u (t ). (iv) x(t ) = δ (t ) + 2e − t u (t ).
[Hint: Factor the denominator of H ( jω ) into first-order factors.]
4.29 The output of an unknown LTI system is observed to be y (t ) = [e −2t − e −3t ]u (t )
with the input is x(t ) = [e − t − e −2t ]u (t ) .
(a) Determine H ( jω ) and h(t ) for this system.
(b) Describe the system by a linear differential equation, and draw a block
diagram of the system in direct form II.

4.31 The impulse response hLP (t ) of an ideal lowpass filter was found to be
hLP (t ) = (ωb / π ) sinc(ωbt ).
(a) Find the impulse response hHP (t ) of an ideal highpass filter. [Hint: Express
H HP ( jω ) in terms of H LP ( jω ) .]
(b) Find the impulse response hBP (t ) of an ideal bandpass filter. [Hint: Express
H BP ( jω ) in terms of two lowpass responses H LP1 ( jω ) and H LP 2 ( jω ) .]
(c) Find the impulse response hBS (t ) of an ideal bandstop filter. [Hint: Express
H BS ( jω ) in terms of H BP ( jω ) .]
(d) Are the ideal lowpass, highpass, bandpass, and bandstop filters stable? why?

4.33 Sketch Bode plots of |H ( jω )| and ∠H ( jω ) for each of the following

frequency responses:
1+jω 1
(a) H ( jω )= . (b) H ( jω )= .
jω (1+jω )2
1 1+jω
(c) H ( jω )= . (d) H ( jω )=
(1+jω ) 3
1+jω / 10
( jω ) 2 (1+jω )(1+jω /10)
(e) H ( jω )= (f) H ( jω )=
(1+jω )2 (1+10jω )(1+jω /100)