Accepted Manuscript

Title: New optical solitons of nonlinear conformable fractional

Schrödinger-Hirota equation

Authors: Hadi Rezazadeh, Seyed Mehdi

Mirhosseini-Alizamini, Mostafa Eslami, Mohammadreza
Rezazadeh, Mohammad Mirzazadeh, Souleymanou Abbagari

PII: S0030-4026(18)30919-7
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2018.06.111
Reference: IJLEO 61114

To appear in:

Received date: 7-4-2018

Revised date: 26-6-2018
Accepted date: 26-6-2018

Please cite this article as: Rezazadeh H, Mirhosseini-Alizamini SM, Eslami

M, Rezazadeh M, Mirzazadeh M, Abbagari S, New optical solitons of
nonlinear conformable fractional Schrödinger-Hirota equation, Optik (2018),
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2018.06.111

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New optical solitons of nonlinear conformable fractional Schrödinger-
Hirota equation

Hadi Rezazadeh1, Seyed Mehdi Mirhosseini-Alizamini2, Mostafa Eslami3,*, Mohammadreza Rezazadeh4,

Mohammad Mirzazadeh5 , Souleymanou Abbagari6

PT
1
Faculty of Engineering Technology, Amol University of Special Modern Technologiesl, Amol, narI
2
Department of Mathematics, Payame Noor University (PNU), P.O. Box 19395-3697, Tehran,Iran

RI
3
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematical Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
4
Department of Aerospace Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
5
Department of Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, East of Guilan, University of Guilan,

SC
Rudsar-Vajargah, Iran
6
Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Mines and Petroleum Industries, University of Maroua, P.O. Box 46,
Maroua, Cameroon

U
Corresponding author:
E-mail address:[email protected] (Hadi Rezazadeh), N
[email protected] (Seyed Mehdi Mirhosseini-Alizamini),
A
[email protected] (Mostafa Eslami),
[email protected] (Mohammadreza Rezazadeh),
[email protected] (Mohmmad Mirzazadeh),
M

[email protected](Souleymanou Abbagari).

Abstract
D

In this article, an amelioration of the approaches namely the new extended direct algebraic method for
solving the nonlinear conformable fractional Schrödinger-Hirota equation (FSHE) is presented. By
TE

using the traveling wave transformation change the fractional equation into the ordinary differential
equation, and with the aid of mathematical software Maple, a number of new optical solitons solutions
for them are calculated. The obtained results show that the proposed method is powerful, effective, and
straightforward technique to work out new solutions of various types of nonlinear fractional partial
EP

differential equations in applied sciences.

CC

Keywords: New extended direct algebraic method, Schrödinger-Hirota equation, Conformable fractional
derivative.

1. Introduction
A

In the real world, we need fractional partial differential equations (FPDEs) to analyze and model a
large amount of problems. The Fractional calculus are used in many fields of electromagnetism,
mathematical and including power grids, control theory, biology, engineering sciences, fluid mechanics,
chemistry, optic, propagation and viscoelasticity. In the past years, there has been significant progress in
the development of various methods for finding exact travelling wave solutions of FPDEs. Such as Shang
and Zheng [1] applied the (G'/G)-expansion method for FPDEs, Eslami. [2] provided Kudryashov method
for the fractional Schrödinger equations, Ekici et. al. [3] employed the first integral method for fractional-
tempol evolution, Tasozan et. al. [4] used the Jacobi elliptic expansion method for conformable fractional
Boussinesq equation, Eslami and Rezazadeh [5] presented the first integral method and the functional
variable method for the FSHE, Akulut et. al. [6] used auxiliary equation method for time fractional
differential equations, Hepsona et. al. [7] presented the sin-Gordon method to solve KdV and modified
KdV equations, Bibi et. al. [8] used the Khater method to find the solutions of the nonlinear Sharma
Tasso-Olver (STO) equation, Hosseini et. al. [9] provided the modified Kudryshov method to the
conformable time-fractional Cahn-Allen and Cahn-Hilliard equations and so on [10-23].
Schrödinger equation is a sample of a general nonlinear model that explains many physical nonlinear

PT
systems. The equation can be used to hydrodynamics, acoustics, quantum condensates, nonlinear optics,
and various other phenomena [24-42].
The main aim in this article is to effectively employ new extended direct algebraic method to obtain

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exact solution of FSHE. This method is based on an appropriate traveling wave transformation, which
converts the fractional differential equation into ODE, and then, with the substitution of a hypothetical

SC
solution in the ODE, and by calculating the unknown coefficients in solution, the solution of the FSHE is
obtained.
Let us consider the nonlinear conformable FSHE which governs the propagation of optical solitons in
a dispersive optical fiber [5,43]

U
1
iut(  )  uxx  u u  iu xxx  0, t  0, 0    1.
2
(1)

where  . t
2
( )
N
is the conformable derivative operator. The definition of conformable fractional
A
derivative of order (0,1) defined as the following expression [44]
M

d  f (t ) f (t   t1  )  f (t )
 lim , f : (0, )  .
dt   0 
In order to solve Eq. (1) by the new extended direct algebraic method, we kick off with the following
D

wave transformation
  t  t
TE

u ( x, t )  U ( ) exp  i   x     ,   x  2 , (2)
    
where the coefficient  and  are constants. Introducing Eq. (2), we get
EP

  t 
ut(  )  (2U   iU ) exp  i   x     , (3)
   
CC

  t 
   
uxx  U  2iU   U exp  i   x  
2


  , (4)
  
  t 
 
A

uxxx  U   3iU   3 2U   i 3U exp  i   x     . (5)

   
Substituting Eqs. (3)-(5) into Eq.(1), and detaching the real and imaginary parts yield
1

3
and U ( ) satisfy the ODE:
  5  3
   U  U   U 3  0, (6)
 54 
2
2
where U   d U d .
2 2

This paper is structured as follows: In Section 2, we introduce some properties of the new extended
direct algebraic method. In Section 3, we apply our new method to solve the exact traveling wave
solutions of Eq. (1). Concluding remarks are given in section 4.

PT
2.Fundamental of the new extended direct algebraic method
The main steps of the new method can be summarized as follows [45]
Step 1. Consider a nonlinear partial differential equation of the form
 

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F u, ut(  ) , ux , utt(2  ) , uxx ,  0. (7)

It is well known that by using the wave transformation

SC
t
u ( x, t )  U ( ),   x  ,


U
Eq. (1) can be converted to a nonlinear ODE as the following form
G  u, u, u,  0, (8)
here prime shows the derivative with respect to  . N
A
Step 2. Let us consider that Eq. (8) has a formal solution of the form
N
U ( )  b j Q j ( ), b N  0,
M
(9)
j 0

where b j  0  j  N  are constant coefficients to be determined later and Q( ) satisfies the ODE in the
D

form

Q    Ln( A)    Q( )   Q2 ( ) ,  A  0,1, (10)
TE

the solutions of ODE (10) are

1) When   4  0 and   0 ,

2
EP

    2  4    
   2  4 
Q1 ( )    tan A   ,
2 2  
CC

2
 

    2  4    
   2  4 
Q2 ( )    cot A   ,
A

2 2  2 
 
    2  4 
Q3 ( )  

2

2
tan A  
  2  4   
 

 pq  2  4

2
sec A   
  2  4  ,

   2  4 
Q4 ( )  

  
  2  4   

PT
cot A
2 2
 

 pq  2  4
  
  2  4  , 

RI
csc A
2

    2  4    
   2  4 

SC
Q5 ( )    tan A  
2 4  4 
 
   2  4    
   2  4  

U
 cot A   .
4  
N 
4

A
2) When   4  0 and   0 ,
2
M

  2  4   2  4 
Q6 ( )    tanh A   ,
2 2  2 
 
D

  2  4   2  4 
Q7 ( )    coth A   ,
TE

2 2  2 
 

  2  4
 
EP

Q8 ( )    tanh A  2  4 
2 2

pq  2  4 
 
CC

i sech A  2  4  ,
2

Q9 ( )  


 2  4
coth A   2  4  
A

2 2

pq  2  4 

2
csch A   2  4  , 
   2  4   2  4 
Q10 ( )    tanh A  
2 4  4 
 
 2  4   2  4 
 coth A   .
4  4 
 
3) When   0 and   0 ,

PT

Q11 ( ) 

tan A   ,

RI

Q12 ( )  

cot A   , 

SC
 
Q13 ( ) 

 
tan A 2   pq sec A 2  ,

 

U
 
Q14 ( )  

 
cot A 2   pq csc A 2  ,

 N 
A
1         
M

Q15 ( )   tan A     cot A     .

2    2    2 


4) When   0 and   0 ,
D


 
TE

Q16 ( )    tanh A  ,




 
EP

Q17 ( )    coth A  ,


CC

 
Q18 ( )   

 
tanh A 2   i  pq sech A 2  ,

 
 
   
A

Q19 ( )    coth A 2    pq csch A 2  ,

 

1         
Q20 ( )     tanh A      coth A     .
2    2    2 

5) When   0 and    ,

Q21 ( )  tan A   ,

Q22 ( )   cot A   ,

Q23 ( )  tan A  2   pq sec A  2  ,

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Q24 ( )   cot A  2   pq csc A  2  ,

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1     
Q25 ( )   tan A     cot A     .
2 2   2 

SC
6) When   0 and    ,

Q26 ( )   tanh A   ,

U
Q27 ( )   coth A   ,

Q28 ( )   tanh A  2   i pq sech A  2  ,

N
A
Q29 ( )   coth A  2   pq csch A  2  ,
M

1     
Q30 ( )    tanh A     coth A     .
D

2 2   2 
TE

7) When  2  4 ,

2 (  LnA  2)
Q31 ( )  .
 2 LnA
EP

8) When   k ,   mk (m  0) and   0,
CC

Q32 ( )  A k   m .

9) When     0 ,
A

Q33 ( )   LnA.

10) When     0 ,

1
Q34 ( )  .
 LnA
11) When   0 and   0 ,
 p
Q35 ( )   ,
  cosh A (  )  sinh A (  )  p 

  sinh A (  )  cosh A (  ) 
Q36 ( )   .
  sinh A (  )  cosh A (  )  q 
12) When   k ,   mk (m  0) and   0,

pAk

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Q37 ( )  .
q  mpAk
Remark 1. The generalized hyperbolic and triangular functions are defined as [46]

RI
pA  qA pA  qA
sinh A ( )  , cosh A ( )  ,
2 2

SC
pA  qA pA  qA
tanh A ( )   , coth A ( )  ,
pA  qA pA  qA
2 2
sech A ( )   csch A ( )  

U
, ,
pA  qA pA  qA

sin A ( ) 
pAi  qAi
2i
, cos A ( )  N
pAi  qAi
2
,
A
pAi  qAi pAi  qAi
tan A ( )  i i , cot A ( )  i i ,
pA  qAi pA  qAi
M

2 2i
sec A ( )  i , csc A ( )  i ,
pA  qAi pA  qAi
D

where is an independent variable and p, q 0.

TE

Step 3. We can find the value N in Eq. (9) by balancing the highest order derivative term and the highest
order nonlinear term in (8).

Step 4. Substitute Eq. (9) along with its required derivatives into Eq. (8) and compare the coefficients of
EP

powers of Q ( ) in resultant equation for obtaining the set of algebraic equations.

Step 5. Solve the set of algebraic equations using the Maple package and put the results generated in Eq.
CC

(9) to extract the exact solutions of Eq. (7).

3. Solutions to the nonlinear conformable FSHE

In this section, we solve the equation (1) using the method described in section 2.
A

Balancing the order of U '' and U in Eq. (6), we have N  1. Thus, Eq. (6) is expressed as follows:
3

U ( )  b0  b1 Q ( ). (11)
By substituting (11) into Eq. (6) and collecting all terms with the same order of Q( ) together, the left-
hand side of (6) are converted into polynomial in Q( ) . Setting each coefficient of each polynomial to
zero, we obtain a set of algebraic equations for b0 , b1 and  .
Coefficients of Q( ) as follows:
Y 0 : b0 (5 54 2  54 2b02 )  81   2b1Ln2 A  0,
Y 1 : b1 (5 54 2  162  2  81 2 2 Ln2 A  162 2b02 Ln2 A)  0,
Y 2 : b1 2 (243 Ln2 A 162b0b1 )  0,
Y 3 : 54b1 2 (3 2 Ln 2 A b12 )  0.
Solving the above system of equations for b0 , b1 and  we obtain the following values:

PT
3  LnA 10
b0   , b1   3  LnA ,    . (12)
2
 
3 30 4  3 Ln A 4  
2
 2


RI
The solutions of (1) corresponding to (2), (11) and (12) are
When   4  0 and   0 ,
2

SC
u1 ( x, t ) 
 LnA 3   
tan A  
2 t    1
  
t 
 2 
x   exp 
  3
i x   ,
 3       

U
2 

u2 ( x, t )  
 LnA 3   
cot A  
2 t  N   1
  
t 
 2 
x   exp 
  3
i x   ,
2   3       
A
 LnA3    2 t   2 t 
M

u3 ( x, t )    tan A    x     pq sec A  ( x  )

2   3    3   
  
  1 t 
D

 exp  i   x    ,
  3  
TE

 LnA3    2 t   2 t 
u 4 ( x, t )     cot A    x    pq csc A  ( x  )
2   3    3   
  
EP

  1 t 
 exp  i   x    ,
  3  
CC

u5 ( x, t )  
 LnA3    

2 t 

  

2 t 
 tan A   x  cot 
A  x   
4  4  3   4  3   
   
A

  1 t 
 exp  i   x     ,
  3  

10
where     4 and   
2
.
 
3 30 4  3 Ln A  2
 
When   4  0 and   0 ,
2

u7 ( x, t )  
 LnA 3   
tanh A  
2 t    1
  
t 
 2 
x   exp 
  3
i x   ,
2   3       

u7 ( x, t ) 
 LnA 3   
coth A  
2 t    1
  
t 
 2 
x   exp  
i x   ,
2   3      3  

PT
 LnA 3    2 t  pq   2 t 
u8 ( x, t )     tanh A    x     i sech A    x    
2   3   2  3   
  

RI
  1 t 
 exp  i   x     ,
  3  

SC
 LnA 3    2 t  pq   2 t 

U
u ( x, t )     coth A    x    csch A    x  
 3    3    
9
2    2  
N   1
 exp  i  
t 
x     ,
A
  3  
M

u10 ( x, t )  
 LnA 3    

2 t 

  

2 t 
 tanh A   x  coth A   x   
    
D

4   4  3    4  3 
  1 t 
TE

 exp  i   x     ,
  3  
EP

10
where     4 and   
2
.
 
3 30 4  3 Ln A  2
 
CC

When   0 and   0 ,

  2 t    1 t 
A

u11 ( x, t )   LnA 3 tan A    x   exp  

i  x     ,
  3      3  

  2 t    1 t 
u12 ( x, t )    LnA 3 cot A    x   exp  
i  x     ,
  3      3  
    2 t    2 t 
u13 ( x, t )   LnA 3  tan A  2   x     pq sec A  2   x  

   3      3    
  1 t 
 exp  i   x     ,
  3  
   2 t    2 t 
u14 ( x, t )   LnA  3   cot A  2   x     pq csc A  2   x  
  3     3    

PT
  
  1 t 
 exp  i   x    ,
  3  

RI
    2 t     2 t 
u15 ( x, t )    LnA  3  tan A   x    cot  x 
 3    3    
A

SC
  2   2 
  1 t 
 exp  i   x    ,
  3  

U
5
where   

3 30   3 Ln A  2
 
. N
A
When   0 and   0 ,
M

  2 t    1 t 
u16 ( x, t )    LnA 3 tanh A    x   exp  
i  x     ,
  3      3  
D

  2 t    1 t 
u17 ( x, t )   LnA 3 coth A  
TE

 x   exp  
i  x     ,
  3      3  

   2 t 
EP

u18 ( x, t )    LnA 3   tanh A  2   x  


   3   
  2 t    1 t 
CC

i pq sech A  2   x   exp  

i  x     ,
  3       3  

   2 t 
A

u19 ( x, t )    LnA 3   coth A  2   x  


   3   
  2 t    1 t 
 pq csch A  2   x     exp  i   x    ,
  3       3  
 3     2 t     2 t 
u20 ( x, t )    LnA  tanh A  x    coth A  x 
2 
  2  3     2  3    
  1 t 
 exp  i   x    ,
  3  
5
where    .
   

PT
3 30   3 Ln A  2

When   0 and    ,

RI
  2 t    1 t 
u21 ( x, t )   3  LnA tan A    x    exp  
  3
i x     ,
3    

SC
    

  2 t    1 t 
u22 ( x, t )   3  LnA cot A    x   exp  
i  x     ,
3   

U
    3  



 
u23 ( x, t )   3  LnA   tan A  2  x 
 
2 t 

3   

Npq sec
 
A
 
2
 
 x 
2 t 

3    
A

  1 t 
M

 exp  i   x    ,
  3  

   2 t    2 t 
D

u24 ( x, t )    LnA  3   cot A  2  x    pq csc A

 
2 x  

   3      3    
TE

  1 t 
 exp  i   x    ,
  3  
EP

3 LnA    2 t    2 t 

u25 ( x, t )   A  
tan x    cot A
2 x  
2 
 2 3      3    
CC

  1 t 
 exp  i   x    ,
  3  
A

5
where    .

3 30   3 Ln A   2
 
2

When   0 and    ,
   2 t    1 t 
u26 ( x, t )   3  LnA tanh A    x   exp  
i  x     ,
  3      3  

  2 t    1 t 
u27 ( x, t )  3  LnA coth A    x   exp  
i  x     ,
  3      3  

   2 t    2 t 
u28 ( x, t )  3  LnA   tanh A  2  x     i pq sech A  2  x 

PT


   3      3    
  1 t 
 exp  i   x    ,

RI
  3  

   2 t    2 t 

SC
u29 ( x, t )  3  LnA    coth A  2  x     pq csch A  2  x  

   3      3    
  1 t 

U
 exp  i   x    ,
  3  

u30 ( x, t )  
3  LnA   
 tanh A   x 
2 t 
N  
   coth A   x 
2 t 
A

2 
 2 3    2 3    
M

  1 t 
 exp  i   x    ,
  3  
D

5
where    .
   
TE

3 30   3 Ln A  2 2

When  2  4 ,
EP

  2 30 t   
   LnA  x  2 
 LnA 3     5      30 t 
u31 ( x, t )    exp  i   5 x      .
CC

  2
2
 30 t      
 LnA  x 
 

  5   

A

When     0 ,

  30 t 
 3 exp  i   x   
  5 
u32 ( x, t )    
.
2 30 t 
x
5 
When   0 and   0 ,

 
 
u33 ( x, t )   3  LnA    
1 p
2   2 t    2 t  
 cosh A    x     sinh    x    p
 3    3    
A
   
  1 t 

PT
 exp  i   x    ,
  3  

 2 t  

RI
   2 t   
  sinh A    x     cosh A    x   
 1    3      3     
u34 ( x, t )   3  LnA    

SC

2   2 t    2 t  
sinh A    x    cosh A   x    q
   3     3   
 

U
  1 t 
 exp  i   x    ,
  3  

where   
10
N
A
.
 
3 30 4  3 Ln A  2
 2
M

When   k ,   mk (m  0) and   0,

  2 t  
D

k  x  
3k  LnA  mpA  3  
   1 t 
u35 ( x, t )    1   exp  
i  x     ,
TE

  3 
 2 t 
2  k  x 
3  
  
 q  mpA  

10
EP

where    .
 
3 30 4  3 Ln2 A k 2  
CC

4. Conclusions
A new method the so-called new extended direct algebraic method for constructing and predicting the
exact solitary pattern solutions for nonlinear fractional PDE is presented in this paper. By using traveling
A

wave transformation, we get the exact solutions to FSHE. This method is very powerful tool that provides
the solutions to FPDEs. In the regard, this method can be used to study many other nonlinear FPDEs
which frequently arise in mathematical physics, engineering, quantum, and optics.
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