28 April 2021

Wentworth Metal Works

ATTN: Sean Wentworth
1483 67th ST
Emeryville, CA 94608

SUBJ: WL-3000 RAILING SYSTEM

ALUMINUM FLAT BAR RAIL SYSTEM

The aluminum flat bar system uses aluminum extrusion posts, pickets and rails to form building
guards. The guards are designed for the following loading criteria:

On Top Rail:
Concentrated load = 200 lbs any direction, any location
Uniform load = 50 plf, any direction perpendicular to rail
On In-fill Panels:
Concentrated load = 50# on one sf.
Wind load = 21.4 psf over full area: 120 mph Exp D (ASD level) Kzt = 1.0
Seismic loads – SDS = 2, Site class D

Maximum post spacing is 4’ on center for posts made of 6061-T6 or 6005-T61 used in
commercial applications. Unwelded 6063-T6 posts may be used at 4’ on center spacing in
residential applications.

The railing system meets all applicable requirements of the 2018 International Building Code
and 2019 California Building Code.

Item Page
Loads 2
Posts 3-7
Anchorage 8 - 16
Top Rails 17 - 24
Pickets 25 - 27
Horizontal Bar infill 28 - 29

Edward Robison, P.E.

Sealed 28 April 2021

EDWARD C. ROBISON, PE
10012 Creviston Dr NW
Gig Harbor, WA 98329
253-858-0855 Fax 253-858-0856 [email protected]
WL-3000 Railing System Page 2! of 30
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LOAD CASES:
Dead Load
Cap Rail = 1.3plf
Infill = 0.243 plf for pickets
Post = 1.3plf

Typical For System = 1.3plf+11*0.243plf+3.5’*1.3plf/4’ = 5.1plf

For top rail loads:
Mc = 200#*H = 200#*42” = 8,400”#
Mu = 50plf*S*H = 50plf*42”*4.00’ = 8,400”#
Or check residential case with the 200# load over one post with at least 2 posts at 48” O.C.
spacing. The post and top rail segment is modeled using VisualFEA and the maximum post
moment was found to be 7,130”#.

For residential
Mu = 20plf*S*H = 20plf*42”*4.00’ = 3,360”#

WIND LOAD
Loading on open railing with 33% solid-
25 psf over full area including openings exceeds 120 mph Exp D (ASD)
Mw = 21.4psf*3.5’2*0.55*12”*4’ = 6,917”#

SEISMIC LOADS:
FP =[(0.4*aPSDSIP)/RP][1+2z/h)WP = [0.4*1.0*2.0*1.0/2.5](1+2) = 0.96WP
SDS = 2g
For guard weight:
5.1 plf,
E = 0.96*5.1 = 4.9 plf
Seismic loads are much smaller than live loads and will not control any aspect of design.

EDWARD C. ROBISON, PE
10012 Creviston Dr NW
Gig Harbor, WA 98329
253-858-0855/Fax 253-858-0856 [email protected]
WL-3000 Railing System Page 3! of 30
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200# load at 44” post cantilever (Fascia Mount Condition) and 48” post spacing
Mmax=7,125”#

EDWARD C. ROBISON, PE
10012 Creviston Dr NW
Gig Harbor, WA 98329
253-858-0855/Fax 253-858-0856 [email protected]
WL-3000 Railing System Page 4! of 30
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1-1/2”x2” TWO PART extruded aluminum

post
6063-T6

Post sections snap together to form

rectangular post. The interlocking nature of
the channels allows the post to behave
compositely.

Section properties of individual post

extrusion:
Ixx = 0.2096 in4, Iyy = 0.08057 in4
Sxx = 0.1718 in3, Syy = 0.06859 in3
rx = 0.6371 in, ry = 0.3950 in

Total for assembled post section

Ixx = 0.4964 in4, Iyy = 0.3433 in4
Sxx = 0.4937 in3, Syy = 0.4551 in3

Allowable bending stress for 6063-T6 aluminum

Fta = 15.2 ksi (ADM Table 2-24 line 2)
For compression:
b/t = 0.911/0.121 = 7.53
Fbc = 15.2 ksi (ADM Table 2-24 line 16)

Ma = FbS
Max = 0.4937*15.2 ksi = 7,504”# For loading parallel with guard.
May = 0.4551*15.2 ksi = 6,917”# For loading perpendicular with guard.

Check post deflection:

∆ = Ph3/(3EI) = 50*4.02*42”3/(3*10.1x106*0.4964) = .83” ≤ h/12

Deflections are okay.

ALTERNATIVE ALLOYS TO INCREASE POST STRENGTH

Use 6061-T6 or 6005-T5 or 6005A-T61

Max = 0.4937*19.5 ksi = 9,630”# For loading parallel with guard.

May = 0.4551*19.5 ksi = 8,870”# For loading perpendicular with guard.

EDWARD C. ROBISON, PE
10012 Creviston Dr NW
Gig Harbor, WA 98329
253-858-0855/Fax 253-858-0856 [email protected]
WL-3000 Railing System Page 5! of 30
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2”X2” 2 PIECE POST

Post sections snap together to form square post. The

interlocking nature of the channels allows the post to behave
compositely.

Section properties of individual post extrusion:

Ixx = 0.2311 in4, Iyy = 0.1962 in4
Sxx = 0.1716 in3, Syy = 0.1344 in3
rx = 0.6400 in, ry = 0.5897 in

Total for assembled post section

Ixx = 0.6266 in4, Iyy = 0.6392 in4
Sxx = 0.6266 in3, Syy = 0.6392 in3

Allowable stress:
F/Ω = 15.2ksi for 6063-T6
F/Ω = 19.5ksi for 6005-T61 or 6061-T6

Allowable moment:
Ma = 15.2ksi*0.6266in3 = 9,520”# for 6063-T6
Ma = 19.5ksi*0.6392in3 = 12,500”# for 6005-T61 or 6061-T6

Check post deflection:

∆ = Ph3/(3EI) = 50*4.02*43”3/(3*10.1x106*0.6392) = .83” ≤ h/12

Deflections are okay.

EDWARD C. ROBISON, PE
10012 Creviston Dr NW
Gig Harbor, WA 98329
253-858-0855/Fax 253-858-0856 [email protected]
WL-3000 Railing System Page 6! of 30
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1-1/2”x2” 3 PIECE POST

Infill slide in elements are not considered in post strength.

Section properties for main extrusion:

A = 1.02in2
I = 0.563in4
S = 0.565in3
Z = 0.703in3
By inspection, local buckling is not a concern.

Allowable stress:
F/Ω = 15.2ksi for 6063-T6
F/Ω = 19.5ksi for 6005-T61 or 6061-T6

Allowable moment:
Ma = 15.2ksi*0.703in3 = 10,700”#
Ma = 19.5ksi*0.703in3 = 13,700”#

For welded 6061-T6 posts:

Ma = 24ksi/1.95*0.703in3 = 8,650”#

EDWARD C. ROBISON, PE
10012 Creviston Dr NW
Gig Harbor, WA 98329
253-858-0855/Fax 253-858-0856 [email protected]
WL-3000 Railing System Page 7! of 30
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2”x2” 3 PIECE POST

Infill slide in elements are not considered in post strength.

Section properties for main extrusion:

A = 1.17in2
I = 0.698in4
S = 0.698in3
Z = 0.846in3
b/t= 1.01”/0.19” = 5.3 local buckling does not control

Allowable stress:
F/Ω = 15.2ksi for 6063-T6
F/Ω = 19.5ksi for 6005-T61 or 6061-T6

Allowable moment:
Ma = 15.2ksi*0.846in3 = 12,900”#
Ma = 19.5ksi*0.846in3 = 16,500”#

For welded 6061-T6 posts:

Ma = 24ksi/1.95*0.846in3 = 10,400”#

EDWARD C. ROBISON, PE
10012 Creviston Dr NW
Gig Harbor, WA 98329
253-858-0855/Fax 253-858-0856 [email protected]
WL-3000 Railing System Page 8! of 30
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POST ANCHORAGE DETAILS

CORE MOUNT
Assumed concrete strength f’c ≥ 3,000 psi
Check for concrete shear breakout or crushing failure modes.
Assume rectangular bearing reactions.

EDWARD C. ROBISON, PE
10012 Creviston Dr NW
Gig Harbor, WA 98329
253-858-0855/Fax 253-858-0856 [email protected]
WL-3000 Railing System Page 9! of 30
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FASCIA MOUNT

Uses (4) 1/4” GRK RSS fasteners.

From ESR 2442,
W = 151pli
Cd=1.6 for short duration live load
Spacing between rows of screws = 5.75”
W’=1.6*151pli = 241pli
From above model for 4’ post spacing max
load to single post = 162#
Load to upper screw pair =
162#*(42”+2.75”+5.75”+1.5”)/(5.75”+1.5”)
= 1,162#
Steel strength = 1,112# each OK
Required penetration = (1,162#/2)/241pli =
2.41”
Required screw length = 2.41”+2” => 4-1/2”
3x10 minimum rim size.

For posts made from the alternative higher strength allows increase embedment by 40%:
L = 2.41*1.4 + 2 = 5-1/2”

ALTERNATIVE CONNECTION:
Use 5/16” bolts through rim joist with bearing washer on back.
Strength will be same as above thus okay alternative.

EDWARD C. ROBISON, PE
10012 Creviston Dr NW
Gig Harbor, WA 98329
253-858-0855/Fax 253-858-0856 [email protected]
WL-3000 Railing System Page 10
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Hold Down Alternatives:

Bolts and hold downs can be used when the framing at the fascia is not adequate to attach
directly. Bolts pass through the post and attach to hold downs which are anchored to joists that
run perpendicular with the rail.

Bolts must be stainless steel because they are in contact with aluminum and weather.
Guard - Stainless Steel Posts Fascia Mount Options Page 3
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Hold down option 1:Bolts
Simpson HTT4
need to be tied directly to joists so that rim joist doesn’t pull off.
For use when hold downs are able to attach directly to joists. Hold down attaches with screws or
nails according to joist per Simpon’s
Try Simpson HTT4 instructions.
From Simpson load Tension
tables,strength = 3,105# ≥ 2,020
Ta = 3,000#
5/8” SS bolt strength, Ta = 0.226in2*75ksi/2 = 8,480# > 3,000# (Does not control)
Assuming 4-7/8” hold down spacing:
a = 3000#/(2”*744psi) = 2.02”
Allowable load at top of post = 3,000#*(6.06”-2.02”/2)/(42”+2”+6.06”-2.02”/2) = 309#

SIMPSON HTT4
.

4 7/8"
5/8" SS Bolt
DECK JOISTS 2X8 MIN.

SIMPSON HTT4
.

This detail requires installation along side joist.

This will require either adding extra joist at post or moving post to be along side joist.

For installation on joists deeper than 2x8 (7-1/4”) set tension tie at top of joist and at 4-7/8”
center to center for lower tension tie.

Edward C. Robison, PE, SE

10012 Creviston DR NW 253-858-0855
Gig Harbor, WA 98329 fax 253-858-0856
EDWARD C. ROBISON, PE email: [email protected]
10012 Creviston Dr NW
Gig Harbor, WA 98329
253-858-0855/Fax 253-858-0856 [email protected]
Guard - Stainless Steel Posts Fascia Mount Options Page 4
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OPTION B
WL-3000 Railing System Page 11
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Posts located between studs with hold downs mounted on threaded rods.
V = 2,020#
Hold
Sheardown option
strength 2: Simpson
of threaded rod onHD7B
joist - NDS Table 11B for G ≥ 0.43
For
½” use
rod;when hold downs
Z = 520#; are not able to be attached directly to joists. Hold downs attach to
Ma = 422”#
⅝” rod; Z = 650#; Ma = 824”#
threaded rods that attach to joists. Threaded rods have washers and nuts that hold them in place
and
¾” keep
rod; Zthe threadedMrods
= 780#; from sliding in their holes.
a = 1,424”#
From Simpson load tables,
⅞” rod; Z = 910#; Ma = 2,261”# T a = 6,645#
Assume
1” rod; 3/4” threaded M
Z = 1,040#; rods span 16” max. Also assume that rods run multiple spans so that the
a = 3,375”#
center span behaves like a fixed span.
DMoment
r = 0.680”on rod from connection at middle of bay
ZM== 0.05241in 3
2,020#*14.5”/8 = 3,661”#
Ma = 0.05241in3*75ksi/2 = 1,970”#
Try HD7B uses three 3/4” bolts
Allowable
Va = 3*2*780load,=1,970”#*3/(16”/8)
4,680# ≥ 2,020# = 2,960#
Assuming 3-7/8”
Ma = 3*1,424 = 4,272”#hold down spacing:
≥ 3,661”#
a = 2,960#/(2”*744psi) = 1.99”
Allowable
Bolts mustload at top of
be moved posttogether
closer = 2,960#(6.06”-1.99”/2)/(42”+2”+6.06”-1.99”/2)
so that revised bolt tension force: = 306#
T = 10,098.5/4.5” = 2,244# ≤ 4,680
Wind load that causes=equivalent
M= 2,244#*14.5”/8 4,067”# ≤ loading
4,272”#on anchorage = 8,400”#/(4’*3’*31.1”) = 22.5psf
The GRK option limits wind load to 22.5psf. Other anchorages develop strength above 25psf.

3/4" X18" THREADED RODS WITH WASHERS

AND NUTS EACH SIDE OF JOISTS AND
HD7B HOLD DOWNS

SIMPSON HD7B
3 7/8"

5/8" SS Bolt

SIMPSON HD7B

Hold downs may be located at any location between joists on threaded rods.

For installation on joists deeper than 2x8 (7-1/4”) set tension tie at top of joist and at 3-7/8”
center to center for lower tension tie.
Edward C. Robison, PE, SE
10012 Creviston DR NW 253-858-0855
Gig Harbor, WA 98329 EDWARD C. ROBISON, PE fax 253-858-0856
10012 Creviston Dr NWemail: [email protected]
Gig Harbor, WA 98329
253-858-0855/Fax 253-858-0856 [email protected]
WL-3000 Railing System Page 12
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CUP MOUNT

Similar to core mounts but edge breakout is restrained by the steel

tube. Assume at least 4” embedment in grout.

Check grout crushing:

Assume f’c = 5000psi minimum for grout
Pa = 0.65*0.85*1.5”*2”*5000psi/1.6 = 5,180#
Ma = 5,180#*2” = 10,400”#

Check welding to structural steel:

Assume 3-1/2” long 3/16” welds on two sides.
Iw = 2*3.5”3/12 = 7.15in4/in
Weld loading is primarily normal to the axis so the strength may be
multiplied by 1.5.
Rn/Ω = 1.5*928*3*1” = 4,180pli
Ma = 4,180pli* 7.15in4/in/1.75” = 17,100”#

EDWARD C. ROBISON, PE
10012 Creviston Dr NW
Gig Harbor, WA 98329
253-858-0855/Fax 253-858-0856 [email protected]
 ON FLOATING PEDESTAL DECK
CUP MOUNTING
2 1/2"
BOLTED TO STEEL BEAM
A2
Page 13
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1"
WL-3000 Railing System ALU

CUP MOUNTING - RECEIVER MOUNTED

POST

5/8"
AFB
The post is grouted into a metal receiver set into ALU
a concrete or mounted to a steel or wood deck.

42" MIN.
2"

1 1/2"
152

RA

CUP MOUNTING IN CONCRETE SLAB

When set in concrete slab strength isTRIM
same as for
RING PED
the core mounted post.
RIG

COVER PLATE

FILL WITH HYDRAULIC CEMENT SELF

LEVELING CAULK WATERPROOF

Φ3 1/2" X 6" CUP

4 1/2"

GUTTER

SCREW TO PAN
BEFORE POURING CEMENT

EDWARD C. ROBISON, PE
10012 Creviston Dr NW
Gig Harbor, WA 98329
253-858-0855/Fax 253-858-0856 [email protected]

WENTWORTH PRIJECT: MOUNTING DETAILS DRAW

METAL WORKS TITLE: CUP MOUNTING 2 SCALE: 2" = 1'-0"

1483 67TH STREET

 1/2" STAINLESS ROD

WL-3000 Railing System Page 14

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Strength of Cup:
3” i.d. x 1/8” thick welded to baseplate (6061-T6 aluminum):
Strength controlled by the HAZ at the weld to the base plate-
2" X 1-1/2" ALUMINUM POST

Z = (3.25 -3 )/6 = 1.221 in

3 3 3

Ftwa = 24ksi*1.221/1.95 = 15,032”# allowable moment on the cup when not encased.
Strength is adequate for post strength

CUP MOUNTING TO STEEL BEAM OR DECK

Use (4) 3/8” SS bolts to anchor to the steel beam or steel deck of adequate strength and
thickness.

FILL WITH HYDRAULIC CEMENT

Φ3" X 4" ALUMINUM CUP

BOLT TO STEEL

Bolt strength: 75 ksi tension strength

Tn = 0.0775in2*75ksi = 5,812#
Mn = 5,812#*3.75”*2 = 43,590”#
Thus will support the full post strength.
WENTWORTH
Check welds to structural steel:
PRIJECT: MOUNTING DETAILS DRAWING SHEET:

METAL Assume WORKS at least 3” longCUP

TITLE:
3/16” welds 4on two sides.
MOUNTING SCALE: 3" = 1'-0"

1483 67TH STREET

Iw =CA2*3”
EMERYVILLE, 94608 3/12 = 4.5in4/in
NOTES: DRAWN BY: MY
WMW - M 5.4
TEL: (510) 601-1240
Welds will be loaded primarily normal to their axis, so the strength may be multiplied by 1.5.
FAX: (510) 601-1440 DATE: 11/29/18

Rn/Ω = 1.5*928*3*1” = 4,180pli

Ma = 4,180pli*4.5in4/in/2” = 9,410”#

EDWARD C. ROBISON, PE
10012 Creviston Dr NW
Gig Harbor, WA 98329
253-858-0855/Fax 253-858-0856 [email protected]
WL-3000 Railing System Page 15
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CUP MOUNTING TO WOOD:

Baseplate mounted receiver (same as steel but attached to wood)
Ta = 1.6*263pli*4.25” = 1,788”# METAL LATH O/ F
AND LOCALIZED
a = 2*1788/(605psi*5”) = 1.182”
Ma = 1,788*2*(4.25-1.182/2) = 12,190”# STUCCO J-MOLD
SADDLE FINISHIN
SLOPE
Inset in wood: FLASHING MEMB
SS CAP / SADDLE
The receiver is inset into wood by inlaying int a bored hole
or by building up blocking around.

For built up blocking required shear connection between Φ3" X 4

plies assuming 1-1/2” ply thickness:

STONE
V = (200#*47”)/4.5” = 2,089# SUPPO

SGL. PL
Connection - 16d sinker nails SGL. PL
FLASHI
Z’ = 1.6*99 = 158# each (NDS Table 12N G = 0.43)
n = 2089/158 = 14 nails to connect plies, each ply

#12 x 6” screws:
Z’ = 1.6*128 = 205# each (NDS Table 12L G = 0.43)
n = 2089/205 = 11 Screws to connect plies

#14 x 6” screws
Z’ = 1.6*141 = 226# each (NDS Table 12L G = 0.43)
n = 2089/226 = 10 Screws to connect plies
E.Q. E.Q.
CL

5/16” x 6” GRK RSS (ESR-2442) or Fastenmaster Timberlok (ESR-1078) screw

Z’ = 1.6*210 = 336# each (G = 0.42)
WENTWORTH PRIJECT: MOUNTING DETAILS DRAWIN

n = 2089/336 = 7 Screws to connect plies

METAL WORKS TITLE: CUP MOUNTING 3 SCALE: 3" = 1'-0"

1483 67TH STREET

EMERYVILLE, CA 94608 NOTES: DRAWN BY: MY
W
TEL: (510) 601-1240
FAX: (510) 601-1440 DATE: 11/29/18

EDWARD C. ROBISON, PE
10012 Creviston Dr NW
Gig Harbor, WA 98329
253-858-0855/Fax 253-858-0856 [email protected]
 3/8" GLASS

WL-3000 Railing System Page 16

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2" X 2" VERTICAL POST

Cup Mounting 1:
SEAL WITH SELF LEVELING EPOXY TRIM RING

FILL WITH HYDRAULIC CEMENT

2" X 4" DECK BOARD

8"
Φ3" X 1/8" ALUMINUM CUP
2" X 8" BEAM 8-3/4" LONG
3"
1/4-20 MACHINE SCREW

2" X 8" RIM JOIST

2"
4" X 8" BEAM

3/8" LAG BOLT

8"

4/8" RIM JOIST

4"
To wood with receiver clamped by a block on side. VERTICAL SUPPORT POST

Required pullout strength of blocking:

R =(200#*50”)/7.25” = 1,380#
WENTWORTH PRIJECT: MOUNTING DETAILS DRAWING SHEET:

METAL WORKS
#12 screws: TITLE: CUP MOUNTING 1 SCALE: 3" = 1'-0"

W’ = 1.6*114pli*1.5” = 274#
1483 67TH STREET
EMERYVILLE, CA 94608NOTES: each (NDS Table 12.2B, G =DRAWN
0.43)BY: MY
WMW - M 5.1
n = 1380/274 = 6 screws
TEL: (510) 601-1240
FAX: (510) 601-1440 DATE: 11/29/18

5/16” x 6” GRK RSS (ESR-2442) or Fastenmaster Headlok (ESR-1078) screw

W’ = 410# each
n = 1380/410 = 4 screws

EDWARD C. ROBISON, PE
10012 Creviston Dr NW
Gig Harbor, WA 98329
253-858-0855/Fax 253-858-0856 [email protected]
WL-3000 Railing System Page 17
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GUARD RAIL TOP RAIL:

3/4” x 2-1/2” flat cap rail

Section properties:
Top Insert
Ixx = 0.02793in4 0.00431 in4
Sxx = 0.05266 in3 0.01147 in3
Iyy = 0.4835 in4 0.1560 in4
Syy = 0.3874 in3 0.1514 in3

Built Up Section
Ixx = 0.07226 in4
Sxx = 0.1842 in3
Iyy = 0.6394 in4
Syy = 0.5123 in3

Allowable stress - 6063-T6 aluminum

Ma,x = 0.1842in3*15.2ksi = 2,800”#
Ma,y = 0.5123in3*15.2ksi = 7,787”#

Vertical loading controls allowable post spacing:

For single span condition:
M=PL/4
2,800”#=200#L/4
L=56”

For double span condition

M=(13/64)PL
2,800”#=(13/64)200#L
L=69”
When pickets are installed top rail span may increase due to load sharing with the bottom rail.

Toprail deflection at failure

∆ = 200*563/(48*10.1x106*.07226) = 1”
Deflection limits may control allowable top rail span.

Check shear flow between top and insert.

VQ/I
V=100# (200# load at mid point)
Q=0.0974
v = 100#*.0974/.07226/2 = 68pli = 810plf

Top rails are screwed to posts with #10 screws

EDWARD C. ROBISON, PE
10012 Creviston Dr NW
Gig Harbor, WA 98329
253-858-0855/Fax 253-858-0856 [email protected]
WL-3000 Railing System Page 18
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Strength of #10 SS screw (ASTM F 879 Table 3)

(6) screws into insert slots.
Tn = 1,330#
Vn = 0.6Tn = 0.6*1,330# = 798# for shear through threads

Strength into screw slots:

For withdrawal:
Tn > 0.29DLuFtu = 0.29*0.19”*1”*30ksi = 1,653#

For shear:
Vn = detFtu = 0.1*(0.29*1”)*30ksi = 870#

Bearing on post:
Va = 2*Fu1t1D/3 = 2*30ksi*0.19*0.125/3 = 475#

Connection strength is adequate for all design load conditions.

EDWARD C. ROBISON, PE
10012 Creviston Dr NW
Gig Harbor, WA 98329
253-858-0855/Fax 253-858-0856 [email protected]
WL-3000 Railing System Page 19
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A11 TOP RAIL

Alloy 6063-T6 Aluminum

Allowable Stress
ADM Table 2-21
Fc/Ω = 15.2 ksi

Check lateral torsional buckling about strong

axis:
Lateral torsional buckling strength is calculated according to 2015 ADM F.4.2.1
rye = ((Iy)1/2/Sx(Cw+0.038JLb2)1/2)1/2
rye = ((0.0519)1/2/0.0788*(0.0495+0.038*0.00568*482)1/2)1/2 = 1.462”
𝜆 = 48”/(1.462”*1) = 32.83
Mnmb=Mp(1-λ/Cc)+π2EλSxc/Cc3
Mp = 30ksi*0.5583in3 = 16.75kip-in
Mnmb = 16.75kip-in(1-32.83/78)+π210,100*32.83*0.4264/783 = 12.64kip-in
Ma = 12.64kip-in/1.65 = 7,660”#

Bending about the weak axis:

Lateral torsional buckling and local buckling does not apply.
Ma = 0.1536in3*15.2ksi = 2,330”#

Find maximum on center post spacing:

Lmax=2,330”#*4/200#+2” = 48.6” For single span condition
Lmax=2,330”#*(64/13)/200# = 57.4” For multiple span condition

EDWARD C. ROBISON, PE
10012 Creviston Dr NW
Gig Harbor, WA 98329
253-858-0855/Fax 253-858-0856 [email protected]
WL-3000 Railing System Page 20
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A111 TOP RAIL

Alloy 6063-T6 Aluminum

Allowable Stress
ADM Table 2-20
Fc/Ω = 15.2 ksi

Check lateral torsional buckling about strong

axis:
Lateral torsional buckling strength is calculated according to 2015 ADM F.4.2.1
rye = ((Iy)1/2/Sx(Cw+0.038JLb2)1/2)1/2
rye = ((0.02047)1/2/0.2458*(0.01183+0.038*0.00400*482)1/2)1/2 = 0.5918”
𝜆 = 48”/(0.5918”*1) = 81.11
Mnmb=π2ESx/𝜆2
Mnmb=π2*10,1000*0.2458/81.112 = 3,720”#
Ma = 3,720”#/1.65 = 2,260”#

Bending about the weak axis:

Lateral torsional buckling and local buckling does not apply.
Ma = 0.07620in3*15.2ksi = 1,160”#
Include contribution from sub rail:
Assume 520E sub rail, I = 0.00589in4
Top rail load share = 0.02047in4/(0.02047in4+0.00589in4) = 0.7766
Ma = 1,160”#/0.7766 = 1,490”#

Find maximum top rail span:

Lmax=1,490”#*4/200# = 31.8” For single span condition
Lmax=1,490”#*(64/13)/200# = 36.7” For two span condition

Use of top rail is extremely limited for 6063-T6, try 6061-T6:

Ma = 0.07620in3*19.5ksi/0.7766 = 1,910”#

Find maximum on center post spacing:

Lmax=1,910”#*4/200#+2” = 40.2” For single span condition
Lmax=1,910”#*(64/13)/200# = 47.0” For two or more spans condition

This top rail has limits below 48” O.C. post spacing when used for fall protection.

EDWARD C. ROBISON, PE
10012 Creviston Dr NW
Gig Harbor, WA 98329
253-858-0855/Fax 253-858-0856 [email protected]
WL-3000 Railing System Page 21
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!

A222 TOP RAIL

Alloy 6063-T6 Aluminum

Allowable Stress
ADM Table 2-21
Fc/Ω = 15.2 ksi

Check lateral torsional buckling about strong axis:

Lateral torsional buckling strength is calculated according to 2015 ADM F.4.2.1
rye = ((Iy)1/2/Sx(Cw+0.038JLb2)1/2)1/2
rye = ((0.05785)1/2/0.3847(0.06424+0.038*0.00399*482)1/2)1/2 = 0.6341in
𝜆 = 48”/(0.6341”*1) = 75.70
Mnmb=Mp(1-λ/Cc)+π2EλSxc/Cc3
Mp = 25ksi*0.4866in3 = 12.17kip-in
Mnmb = 12.17kip-in(1-75.70/78)+π210,100*75.70*0.3847/783 = 6.465kip-in
Ma = 6.465kip-in/1.65 = 3,920”#

Bending about the weak axis:

Lateral torsional buckling and local buckling does not apply.
Ma = 0.1512in3*15.2ksi = 2,300”#

Find maximum on center post spacing:

Lmax=2,300”#*4/200#+2” = 48.0” For single span condition
Lmax=2,300”#*(64/13)/200# = 56.6” For two or more spans condition

EDWARD C. ROBISON, PE
10012 Creviston Dr NW
Gig Harbor, WA 98329
253-858-0855/Fax 253-858-0856 [email protected]
WL-3000 Railing System Page 22
! of 30
!

A225 TOP RAIL

Alloy 6063-T6 Aluminum

Allowable Stress
ADM Table 2-21
Fc/Ω = 15.2 ksi

Check lateral torsional buckling about strong axis:

Lateral torsional buckling strength is calculated
according to 2015 ADM F.4.2.1
rye = ((Iy)1/2/Sx(Cw+0.038JLb2)1/2)1/2
rye = ((0.07776)1/2/0.4498(0.06184+0.038*0.00660*482)1/2)1/2 = 0.4649in
𝜆 = 48”/(0.4649”*1) = 103.2
Mnmb=π2ESx/𝜆2
Mnmb=π2*10,1000*0.4498/103.22 = 4,210”#
Ma = 4,210”#/1.65 = 2,550”#

Bending about the weak axis:

Lateral torsional buckling and local buckling does not apply.
Ma = 0.1715in3*15.2ksi = 2,610”#

Find maximum on center post spacing:

Lmax=2,550”#*4/200#+2” = 53.0” For single span condition
Lmax=2,550”#*(64/13)/200# = 62.8” For two span condition

EDWARD C. ROBISON, PE
10012 Creviston Dr NW
Gig Harbor, WA 98329
253-858-0855/Fax 253-858-0856 [email protected]
MINUM CAP ALUMINUM CAP ALUMINUM CAP ALUMINUM CAP WOODALUMINUM
SAPELE CAP ALUMINUM WOOD
CAP CAP CAP
ALUMINUM ALUMINUM
CAP CAP ALUMINUM ALUMINUM
FAX:CAP CAP
(510) 601-1440

A 111 A 222 A225 A 11 WDCR A 11 A 111 WDHR A 111 A 222 A 222 A225
PROJECT:
WL-3000 Railing System Page 23
! of 30
! SPECIFICATIONS
CONTACT:

520 SUB RAILS

Sub rail options are:

1/2"

1/2"
1/2"
1/2"

1/2"
1/2"

1/2"

1/4"
520,
2 1/16" 2" 2" 2" 1 1/2" 2 1/16" 2 1/16"

2"
520S and
2" DATE:
520 S 520 520 E 520 E HRSR 520 S 520 S 5
520E
2" X 2" 2" X 2"
2020 GL 2020 GL
2"

ALUMINUM POST ALUMINUM POST

The strength of the 3 are similar. Separate calculation of the sub rail strength is not provided NOTES:
42 1/4"

herein as the sub rails are only used in an assembly with the top rail.

The top rail strengths take into account the coupled sub rail.

The 520S is a snap in sub rail which snaps into place on the bottom of the top rail and is retained
in place by the interlocking tabs.
3/8" TEMPERED 3/8" TEMPERED OR
OR POST RAILING POST RAILING POST
RAILING
Force required to pull out the 520 S from the top rail is controlled by flexure in the locking tab.
LAMINATE GLASS LAMINATE GLASS

Force
3/8" to pullout
TEMPERED OR the tab: 3/8" TEMPERED OR 3/8" TEMPERED OR 3/8" TEMPERED OR
LAMINATE GLASS
3/8" TEMPE
LAMINATE GLASS LAMINATE GLASS LAMINATE
Rpo = [.13*3*10x106/(0.53)]*sin60 = 207 k/ft
LAMINATE GLASS
PLASTIC SETTING BLOCK
PLASTIC SETTING BLOCK PLASTIC SETTING BLOCK
Rt = 0.1*12”*15ksi = 18 k/ft PLASTIC SETTING BLOCK
PLASTIC SETTING BLOCK FINISH GROUT FINISH GR
PLASTIC SETTING BLOCK 5" X 5" BASE PLATE
5" X 5" BASE PLATE @ POST BY G.C. 5" X 5" BASE PLATE @ POST B

Thus it requires substantially more force to pullout the sub rail

5" than any realistic
CONCRETE 5"
FLOOR load condition FLOOR
3"
Φ3" X 4 1/2
3"

Φ3" X 4 1/2" DEEP 5/8" 5/8"

3"

FLOOR OR CURB FLOOR 3"

5/8" while in service. POST POCKET BY G.C.
5/8"
5"
5/8" 5" POST POC

FLOOR
FLOOR
3/4" PLYWOOD

5" PREFERRED
3/4" PLYWOOD
5" PREFERRED

3/4" PLYWOOD

4 1/2" MIN.
4 1/2" MIN.

6" X 12" WOOD JOIST

6" X 12" WOOD JOIST 6" X 12" WOOD JOIST OR (2) 2" X 8" BLOCKING
4"

OR (2) 2" X 8" BLOCKING OR (2) 2" X 8" BLOCKING

OR (1) 4" X 8" BLOCKING
OR (1) 4" X 8" BLOCKING OR (1) 4" X 8" BLOCKING
SPACER AS NEEDED GRK, SS 5/16" FASTENER
SPACER ASGRK,
NEEDED
SS 5/16" FASTENER GRK, SS 5/16" FASTENER
FASCIA BOARD
FASCIA BOARD 3 3/4" 1/2" SHEAR WALL
1/2" SHEAR WALL 3 3/4" 3/4" 3/4"
1/2" SHEAR WALL
3/4" RECOMMENDED 3/4"
3" 3/4"
RECOMMENDED MIN 4" X 10" RIM JOIST 3/4" SIDING OR 7/8" STUCCO
MIN 4" X 10"3/4"
RIMSIDING
JOIST OR 7/8" STUCCO 3" 3/4" SIDING OR 7/8" STUCCO
CL
GRK, SS 5/16" FASTENER
GRK, SS 5/16" FASTENER
TITLE:

GLASS LOCK 300

RAILING SYSTEM
POURED MOUNTING
BOTTOM CAP AS NEEDED
BOTTOM CAP AS NEEDED SCALE:
3" = 1'-0"

DRAWN BY:
MY

SIDE MOUNTING TOP MOUNTING DRAWING SHEET:

MOUNTING
NTING TOP MOUNTING

WMW-3.0

EDWARD C. ROBISON, PE
10012 Creviston Dr NW
Gig Harbor, WA 98329
253-858-0855/Fax 253-858-0856 [email protected]
WL-3000 Railing System Page 24
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!

WDCR Wood cap rail

Minimum nominal bending strength for wood is 1,400psi when posts are spaced 48” O.C.
Strength factors:
CD = 2 for impact live loading
Cf = 1.5 for 2x4 size
Wood must not receive damage from moisture- must be sealed.
Fb’ = 2*1.5*1,400psi = 4,200psi
Flat wise bending is also allowed a 1.15 flat use factor,
Fb’=1.15*4,200psi = 4,830psi (vertical loads)

Check stability factor, le = 1.37lu+3d = 1.37*48”+3*3” = 74.8”

With the CL factor, Fb’ = 3,310psi.

CL does not apply to flat wise bending.

Strong axis bending:

S = 1.653in3
Ma = 1.653in3*3,310psi = 5,470”#

Weak axis bending:

S = 0.3621in3
Ma = 0.3621in3*4,830psi = 1,750”#

Wood rails are always used with an aluminum sub rail.

Typical sub rail is the 520E
Ix = 0.00589in4
Load share to wood = 0.2757/(10.1/1.4*0.00589+0.2757) = 0.866
Ma = 1,750”#/0.866 = 2,020”#

Find maximum on center post spacing:

Lmax=2,020”#*4/200#+2” = 40.4” For single span condition
Lmax=2,020”#*(64/13)/200# = 49.7” For two span condition
EDWARD C. ROBISON, PE
10012 Creviston Dr NW
Gig Harbor, WA 98329
253-858-0855/Fax 253-858-0856 [email protected]
WL-3000 Railing System Page 25
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!

INFILL PICKETS

0.7” Diameter Round Picket

Ix = 0.00809 in4; Sx = 0.02254 in3

Iy = 0.00897 in4; Sy = 0.02548 in3

Allowable stress for 6063-T6 aluminum:

Ft = Fc = 17.7 ksi (ADM Table 2-24)

Ma = 17.7ksi*0.2254 = 3,989”#

Maximum moment on bottom rail from 50 lbs load

at any location:
M=50#L/4=3,989”#
L = 319” (Greatly exceeds practical spans)

3/4” Picket

Ix = 0.0163in4
Sx = 0.0435in3
Iy = 0.0141in4
Sy = 0.0376in3

Allowable bending stress for 6005 aluminum

Fy/Ω = 35ksi/1.65 = 21.2ksi
Or Fu/Ω=38ksi/1.95 = 19.5ksi (controls)
Minimum strength is about the y axis.
Ma,y=0.0376in3*19.5ksi = 733”#

Max span = 38”

Max picket spacing = 4.25”
Loading is applied over a 12”x12” square so loading is applied to at least 3 pickets.
M = (50#/3)*38”/4 = 158”# < 733”# OK
∆ = 50#/3*38”3/(48*10.1*106*.0141) = 0.134”

EDWARD C. ROBISON, PE
10012 Creviston Dr NW
Gig Harbor, WA 98329
253-858-0855/Fax 253-858-0856 [email protected]
WL-3000 Railing System Page 26
! of 30
!

1-3/4”x5/8” Pickets

Section properties:
Ix = 0.0341in4
Sx =0.1072in3
Iy = 0.2328in4
Sy = 0.2642in3

Ma,x = 0.1072in3*15.2ksi = 1,630”#

Ma,y = 0.2642in3*15.2ksi = 4,020”#

Max span = 48”

Check for 50# mid span:

M = 50#*48”/4 = 600”# < 1,630”# OK

Check extreme case of 200# mid span:

M = 200#*48”/4 = 2,400”# < 1.65* 1,630”# = 2,690”#
200# load on pickets is not a code requirement so the pickets are not required to carry the load
with safety factors. However, due to the potential for climbing the horizontal pickets it should be
considered. Yielding of the pickets is not expected if someone tries climbing them like a ladder.

1-1/4”x5/8” Pickets

Section properties:
Ix = 0.0204in4
Sx =0.0654in3
Iy = 0.0816in4
Sy = 0.130in3

Ma,x = 0.0654in3*15.2ksi = 994”#

Ma,y = 0.130in3*15.2ksi = 1,980”#

Max span = 48”

Check for 50# mid span:

M = 50#*48”/4 = 600”# < 994”# OK

Check extreme case of 200# mid span:

M = 200#*48”/4 = 2,400”# > 1.65* 994”# = 1,640”#
Occupants climbing horizontal pickets like a ladder may cause failure of the pickets.

EDWARD C. ROBISON, PE
10012 Creviston Dr NW
Gig Harbor, WA 98329
253-858-0855/Fax 253-858-0856 [email protected]
WL-3000 Railing System Page 27
! of 30
!

BOTTOM RAIL

Iy = 0.1698 in4; Sy = 0.2189 in3

Allowable stress for 6063-T6 aluminum:

Ft = Fc = 15.2 ksi (ADM Table 2-24)

Ma = 15.2ksi*0.2189 = 3,330”#

Maximum moment on bottom rail from 50 lbs load at any

location:
Maximum span (face to face of posts): 58”
M = 50#*58/4 =725”# ≤ 3,940”#

Live load deflection:

∆ = 50*483/[48*10x106*0.1698] = 0.0678”

Connection to post:
(2) #10 screws through post wall into rail:
Strength of #10 SS sheet metal screw (ASTM F 879 Table 3)
Tn = 1,330#
Vn = 0.6Tn = 0.6*1,330# = 798# for shear through threads

Strength into screw slots:

For withdrawal:
Tn > 0.29DLuFtu = 0.29*0.19”*1”*30ksi = 1,653#

For shear:
Vn = detFtu = 0.1*(0.29*1”)*30ksi = 870#

Bearing on post extrusion:

Va = 2*Fu1t1D/3 = 2*30ksi*0.19*0.125/3 = 475 per screw.

EDWARD C. ROBISON, PE
10012 Creviston Dr NW
Gig Harbor, WA 98329
253-858-0855/Fax 253-858-0856 [email protected]
WL-3000 Railing System Page 28
! of 30
!

HORIZONTAL BAR INFILL

CONTINUOUS BAR OPTION WITH WEDGE LOCK CLAMP

1/2” Diameter solid stainless steel rods installed horizontally through the posts which are licked
in place by the wedge lock insert when it is tightened. The wedge lock uses a teardrop shaped
hole to wedge the bar tight when the 4 screws at the top are tightened pulling the wedge lock
upward inside the post, tight against the bars so it is locked together.

Check bar strength:

1/2 diam:
I = πD4/64 = π*.54/64 = 0.00307 in4
For 4’ post spacing the bars span 46”
For 50 lb load on bars:
Check deflections:
∆ = PL3/(48EI) = 50*463/(48*27x106*0.00307) = 1.223”
Because of high flexibility of the bar it wall act more like a tension element also.

EDWARD C. ROBISON, PE
10012 Creviston Dr NW
Gig Harbor, WA 98329
253-858-0855/Fax 253-858-0856 [email protected]
WL-3000 Railing System Page 29
! of 30
!

Determine the deflection/tension required to resist the 50# load assuming 50% split between
tension and bending resistance.
Try
∆ = 0.611”
T = [0.5*50#*46/4]/0.611 = 471#

Tension resistance of wedge lock system to prevent rod from sliding:

(2) 1/4 screws minimum (end of run) tightened to 75”# torque each-
Grip strength = (2)*75”#*20/“ = 3,000#
Resistance = 3,000#/3 = 1,000# ≥ 471#

The tension load on the post will be resisted by the compression in the adjacent bars.
Compression buckling resistance:
kL/r = 1*46/(.5/4) = 368
Fe =π2E/(Lc/r)2 = π2*28x106/3682 = 2040 psi
Ca = 0.877*2040*0.196 = 351#
2*351 = 702# ≥ 471#

SCREWED BAR OPTION (used for single span or where the wedge lock can’t be used):
1/2” Diameter solid stainless steel rods installed horizontally between the posts.
Rods will be installed to the posts by drilling a 3/16” diameter hole x 1” deep hole in the end and
screwing to the post with a #10 x 3/4” SS screw

Screw tension strength:

#10 screw strength from ESR1976: 3/16" x 1" drilled hole
Ta = 885# (thread engagement is adequate to
develop full screw strength) 1/2" round bar
Va = 573#
#10 x3/4" screw
Bar strength and screw tension strength will
be adequate to safely support the 50 lb infill
load.

EDWARD C. ROBISON, PE
10012 Creviston Dr NW
Gig Harbor, WA 98329
253-858-0855/Fax 253-858-0856 [email protected]
 WL-3000 Railing System Page 30
! of 30
!

42123 NO. 63683

EDWARD C. 54027
STATE OF
ROBISON

EXP 02/28/2023
EXP 03/31/2023
D C. ROB
AR I
O R G W D C. ROB

SO
AR
ED
E LICENSED

N
I

IS
E DW
A
G

PROFESSIONAL

ON
ENGINEER
No. 046121
No. 11576-S EDWARD C.
PROFESSIONAL
ROBISON

A.
HA

S.
N

W
ED

W U. 081.007077
SO

AR I AI
I
D C. R OB
THIS WORK WAS PREPARED BY ME OR UNDER MY SUPERVISION

Professional Certification. I hereby certify that these

04/30/2022 EXP 11/30/2022
documents were prepared or approved by me, and
that I am a duly licensed professional engineer under
Signature Expiration Date of the License the laws of the State of Maryland,
License No. 52500, Expiration Date: 04/09/2022

EDWARD C. RD C. ROB
ROBISON A
IS
E DW

Edward C. Robison
STRUCTURAL EDWARD C.
ON

ENGINEER
No. 49757 29000 ROBISON
12/31/2021

088030
EXP 06/30/2022 17546
STATE OF MINNESOTA
EXP 03/31/2024
I hereby certify that this plan, specification. or report was prepared by
me or under my direct supervision and that I am a duly Licensed Professional
Engineer under the laws of the State of Minnesota.
Signature: Typed or printed name: Edward C. Robison
Date Lic. No. 58604

EDWARD C. ROBISON

18195PE
E. C. 73556 D C. ROB
ROBISON AR
IS
E DW

OREGON FIRM #F-12044

ON

31646 EXP 09/30/2021 EXP 12/31/2021

EXP 12/31/2022

C. Rob
WASH ard iso
No. 10738527-2203
OF IN dw
E

16531
E

GT
STAT

EDWARD C. ROBISON
EDWARD C. ROBISON
ON

Lic No. 059203

RE 29129
G D
EDWARD C. T E RE
ROBISON,I SPE
10012 Creviston Dr NW
Gig Harbor, WA 98329
253-858-0855/Fax 253-858-0856 [email protected]