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Bacterial Transduction (1)

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14 views

Bacterial Transduction (1)

Uploaded by

aditimohanty775
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Bacterial transduction

Introduction:-
Transduction is the process of transfer of genes from the recipient to
the donor through bacteriophage.

Transduction is of two types:


• Generalized Transduction
• Specialized Transduction
Generalized transduction:
• Generalized transduction occurs during the lytic cycle of virus.

• In this type of transduction, at first bacteriophage infects donor cell and begins
lytic cycle.
• When virus enter into bacterial cell, virus hijack host cell and synthesize virus
components such as genome, enzymes, capsid, head tail and tail fibers. Then viral
enzyme hydrolyses host cell DNA into small fragments.
• During assembly of virus component to form progeny viruses, sometime any of
the fragments of donor DNA get incorporated into the virus capsid by chance.
Such abnormal bacteriophage which is now called transducing bacteriophage(as it
contains the host DNA fragment in place of viral DNA) when infects a new cell, it
can transfer this donor DNA into new bacteria.
• Since this donor DNA is not a viral DNA, it does not replicates inside recipient
bacteria but undergoes homologous recombination with recipient cell’s
chromosomal DNA forming recombinant cell.
Generalized Transduction in
Bacteria
Specialized transduction
• Specialized transduction is carried only by temperate bacteriophage which
undergoes lysogenic cycle in donor cell.
• The bacteriophage which follows lysogenic cycle is known as temperate phage.

• At first temperate bacteriophage enter into donor bacteria and then its genome gets
integrated with host cell’s DNA at certain location and remains dormant and pass
generation to generation into daughter cell during cell division. When such lysogenic
cell is exposed to certain stimulus such as some chemicals or UV lights, it causes
induction of virus genome from host cell genome and begins lytic cycle.
• On induction from donor DNA, this phage genome sometimes carries a part of
bacterial DNA with it. The bacterial DNA lies on sides of integrated phage DNA are
only carried during induction.
• When such bacteriophage carries a part of donor bacterial DNA infects a new
bacteria, it can transfer that donor DNA fragments into new recipient cell. So, in this
specialized transduction only those restricted gene are situated on the side of
integrated viral genome have a chance to enter into recipient cell.
Significance of transduction:

• Genetic Diversity: Transduction contributes to genetic diversity among


bacteria. This diversity enhances their survival by allowing rapid adaptation to
changing environments.
• Antibiotic Resistance: Bacteriophages can carry antibiotic resistance genes,
affecting bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics.
• Pathogenicity: Transduction can transfer virulence factors, making non-
pathogenic bacteria pathogenic.

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