UET SAP

SAP2000 Basics: Model, Analyze, Design

CE 309L Structural Engineering Software Applications
Lecture Contents
• Structural Model, GUI and Data Table in SAP2000

• Modelling, Analysis and Design of Continuous Beam

 Introduction to SAP2000
• SAP2000 14 icon
• It structural Analysis program (SAP2000) used for civil engineering
structures analysis and design according to the specified code (ACI, UBC
etc)
• SAP2000 is a full-featured program that can be used for the simplest
problems or the most complex projects.
• From a simple small 2D static frame analysis to a large complex 3D
nonlinear dynamic analysis, SAP2000 is the easiest, most productive
solution for your structural analysis and design needs
• SAP2000 is the ideal software tool for users of any experience level,
designing any structural system. (based on FEA)
 History and Language
• Computers and Structures, Inc. (CSI)

– Is a structural and earthquake engineering software company founded

in 1975 and based in Walnut Creek, California.

– The structural analysis and design software CSI produce include

SAP2000, CSiBridge, ETABS, SAFE, PERFORM-3D, and CSiCOL.

– Initially released in 1996, SAP2000v11 was the first version of SAP to

be completely integrated within Microsoft Windows.

– SAP2000v12……….v13..v14…v15…v16…v22
 SAP Graphic User Interface
Main Title Bar
Zoom Manu
Display
Main Manu Bar Plan Views
Move up down
Drawing Tools Main Tool Bar

Drawing /Modelling Area

Selection Tools

Location Tools
Active Unit

Side tool bar

 Cont..

Display title bar

Active display window

Display Window

Coordinates
 Cont..

• Coordinates Direction in SAP2000

Structural Model, GUI, and Data Table in SAP2000
SAP2000 analyzes and designs structure using a model that you define
in the graphical user interface (GUI). The model consists primarily of the
following types of components:
• Units
• Objects
• Groups
• Coordinate systems and grids
• Properties
• Functions
• Load patterns
• Load cases
• Load Combinations
• Design settings
• Output and display definitions
Structural Model, GUI, and Data Table in SAP2000

• Basics units: force, length, temperature, and time.

• Mass (for dynamic, modal analysis) and Weight (like a force,
gravity) are separately assigned.

• Base units are convertible at any time of

modelling/analysis/design.
• Always, axes orientation in degrees, rotational displacement in
radians, frequency in cycles/second (Hz)
Structural Model, GUI, and Data Table in SAP2000
• The physical structural members in the model are represented by
objects.
• Point objects
• Joint object: corners and ends of objects, supports
• One-Joint link object: special supports (isolators, dampers,
springs, etc.)
• Line objects
• Frame/Cable/Tendon object: beams, columns, braces,
trusses, cables, and tendon members.
• Area objects: walls, floors, and other thin-walled members, as
well as two-dimensional solids.
• Solid objects: model three-dimensional solids.
Structural Model, GUI, and Data Table in SAP2000
Linear Elements

– Element whose linear dimension (Length) is more as compare to

other dimensions (Width & Depth)

1. Beam

2. Column

3. Strut

4. Tie
Structural Model, GUI, and Data Table in SAP2000
Beam
– Beams are usually straight horizontal members used primarily to
carry vertical loads (perpendicular to member axis)
– A beam is a structural element that is capable of withstanding
load primarily by resisting bending
Structural Model, GUI, and Data Table in SAP2000
Column
• Members that are generally vertical and resist axial
compressive loads called column.
Structural Model, GUI, and Data Table in SAP2000
Beam – Column Framing System
Structural Model, GUI, and Data Table in SAP2000
Strut and Tie
• The part of structure that has a compressive force acting on it
is called a strut or bracing strut
• The part of the structure that has a tensile force acting on it is
called a tie.
Structural Model, GUI, and Data Table in SAP2000
Strut & Tie Example

Balcony/Sunshade Roof Truss

Structural Model, GUI, and Data Table in SAP2000
Strut – Tie & Column System

Frame with Braces Dhajji-Dewari

Structural Model, GUI, and Data Table in SAP2000
Coordinate Systems and Grid

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Structural Model, GUI, and Data Table in SAP2000
Properties

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Structural Model, GUI, and Data Table in SAP2000
Functions
– To define functions to describe how load varies as a function of
period or time.

– The functions are needed for certain types of analysis only; they
are not used for static analysis.

• Response Spectrum Functions: Pseudo Spec. Acc. vs Time Period

• Time History Functions: Acceleration Time History, built-in, user defined

• Steady-State Functions: Acceleration Frequency (hz), rpm functions

• Power Spectral Density Function: Acc. 2 / frequency vs frequency

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Structural Model, GUI, and Data Table in SAP2000
Load Patterns
– A spatial distribution of loads upon the structure
– Separate load patterns would be defined for dead load (D), live load (LL),
wind load (W), snow load (S), thermal load (T), earthquake load (EQ),
and so on.

Load Cases
– Static, Modal, Response Spectrum, Time History, Buckling, Hyperstatic,
Moving Load, Steady State
– Nonlinear Static, Nonlinear Time History, Nonlinear Staged Construction

Load Combinations
– Linear type, Absolute type, Envelope type, Range Add type;
these are only for superposable loading
– Design is always based on combinations, not directly on load cases.

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Structural Model, GUI, and Data Table in SAP2000
Design Setting
–The design features of the program can be used on frame objects whose
section properties use materials of concrete, steel, cold-formed steel, or
aluminum.
• The specific design code to be used for each type of material, e.g.,
AISC-360-01/IBC2006 for steel, EUROCODE 2-1992 for concrete, AISI-
ASD96 for cold-formed steel, and AA-ASD 2000 for aluminum.
 General Procedure (SAP)

• Phase-I: Pre-Processing
– Modelling of member (Structure)

• Phase-II: Analysis
– Run Analysis

• Phase-III: Post-Processing
– To see different results (S.F, B.M, Reaction,
deformation)

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Example (1D Structures) different conditions
• Example: Take any simply supported beam shown in figure

• Cross section 12” x 14”

• E = 29x106 psi
• fc’ = 4000 psi
• Load = point, UDL,
UVL, other
• Moment of Inertia

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 Cont..
• Phase-I: Pre-Processing (Modelling process)
• Opening the Program
– From Start menu > All Programs SAP2000 14 > SAP2000 14

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 Cont..
• Phase-I: Pre-Processing (Modelling process)
• Opening the Program (Change unit according to the requirement)

• Setting up the model Geometry

– File > New Model > SAP2000 templates > Gird Only

– Here you can also change units

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 Cont..
• Phase-I: Pre-Processing (Modelling process)
• Opening the Program

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 Cont..
• Phase-I: Pre-Processing (Modelling process)

Import
from
other soft

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 Cont..
• Phase-I: Pre-Processing (Modelling process)
– If you want to edit the Grid after display> right click on grid line >
edit grid line option

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 Cont..
• Phase-I: Pre-Processing (Defining process)
– Defining Material Properties

– Define > Materials > Concrete > Modify/Show

Material

– Type of Material > Isotropic > Specify Analysis

Property data shown in snapshot

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 Cont..
• Phase-I: Pre-Processing (Defining process)
– Defining Material Properties

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 Cont..
• Phase-I: Pre-Processing (Defining process)
– Defining Member Sections
– Define > Frame Sections > Add Rectangular Section > Click Add New
Property

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 Cont..
• Phase-I: Pre-Processing (Defining process)
• If you want to modify the properties of section then goes to set modifier
and section properties

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 Cont..
• Phase-I: Pre-Processing (Defining process)
• To change the beam column effect goes to section reinforcement

Difference b/w
Beam column
section definition
S

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 Cont..
• Phase-I: Pre-Processing (Defining process)
– Load Pattern: A load pattern is the spatial distribution of a specific set of
forces, displacements, temperatures, and other effects which act on a
structure. Any combination of joints and elements may be subjected to loading
and kinematic conditions.
– Each load pattern is assigned a design type (DEAD, WIND, QUAKE, etc.) which
classifies the load and initiates the associated computational process. Users
may define an unlimited number of load patterns. Load patterns are then
applied through load cases to generate analysis results.
– Different loading pattern you want to apply
– Define > load pattern > Dialog box appeared

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 Cont..
• Phase-I: Pre-Processing (Defining process)

– Either you are taking into account the self weight of member or not.
(Dead =1 and live = 0)

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 Cont..
• Phase-I: Pre-Processing (Defining process)
– Load Cases: A load case defines how load patterns are applied
(statically or dynamically), how the structure responds (linearly or
nonlinearly), and how analysis is performed (through modal
analysis, direct integration, etc.). For each analysis to be
performed, a load case is defined. Each load case may apply a
single load pattern or a combination of load patterns.

– Load cases want to run

– Define > load cases > dialog box displayed

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 Cont..
• Phase-I: Pre-Processing (Defining process)

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 Cont..
• Phase-I: Pre-Processing (Defining process)

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 Cont..
• Phase-I: Pre-Processing (Defining process)

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 Cont..
• Phase-I: Pre-Processing (Defining process)
– Load Combination: A load combination sums or envelopes the
analysis results of certain load cases. Summation is often suitable
for a linear analysis in which results are superimposed, such as
with 1.2DL+1.6LL.

– Define > load combination > dialog box appeared

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 Cont..
• Phase-I: Pre-Processing (Defining process)

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 Cont..
• Phase-I: Pre-Processing (Drawing process)
– Draw the concern frame element
• Draw > draw frame /cable /tendon> dialog box displayed
shown> select section> draw or directly select the option
from side title bar. (two way)

• Point to point (draw frame/tendon)

• On single click (quick draw frame/tendon)

• After drawing press Enter to finish drawing process.

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 Cont..
• Phase-I: Pre-Processing (Drawing process)
– Draw the concern frame element Cancel any command
press Esc or click on
mouse icon (side tool
bar)

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 Cont..
• Phase-I: Pre-Processing (Assigning process)
– Assigning Member Sections

– Select the member > Assign > Frame/Cable/Tendon > Frame

Section

– Select the appropriate section from the list > OK

– Repeat for other elements

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 Cont..
• Phase-I: Pre-Processing (Assigning process)
– Assign Joint Restraints(support conditions)

– Select Joint. Assign > Joint > Restraints

– Fast Restraints > Fixed > OK

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 Cont..
• Phase-I: Pre-Processing (Assigning process)
– Assign Load (Gravity)

– Select Joint/Member section where to apply load

– Assign > frame load > dialog box appeared (Gravity, load
distributed temperature etc)
Gravity
downward load
(+) upward (-)

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 Cont..
• Phase-I: Pre-Processing (Assigning process)

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 Cont..
• Phase-I: Pre-Processing (Assigning process)

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 Cont..
• Phase-I: Pre-Processing (Assigning process)

Point load at different

location

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 Cont..
• Phase-I: Pre-Processing (Assigning process)

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 Cont..
• Phase-I: Pre-Processing (Assigning process)

• If you want to apply load on any specific point

• Create point (node) there by edit line command (Next Slide)
• You can also produce the node in the beginning or from edit gird data
also

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 Cont..
• Phase-I: Pre-Processing (Assigning process)

• Select member/ Element: Edit > edit line > divide frame

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 Cont..
• Phase-I: Pre-Processing (Assigning process)
• Assign joint load : After dividing Note: Actual
direction are
• Assign > Joint load/moment > dialog box appeared shown in figure
below. Opposite
to th
zat put - sign

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 Cont..
• Phase-I: Pre-Processing (Assigning process)

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 Cont..
• Phase-I: Pre-Processing (Assigning process)
– Uniformly varying or other form of loading
– Similar process discuss early just to play with distance & load.

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 Cont..
• Phase-I: Pre-Processing (Assigning process)

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 Cont..
• Phase-I: Pre-Processing (Assigning process)
– To apply UDL on specific region divide the member on which you
want to apply UDL

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 Cont..
• Phase-I: Pre-Processing (Assigning process)
– Assign moment: Similarly to load just change option to moment
shown below

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 Cont..
• Phase-II: Analysis (Run Analysis)

• Shortcut: F5
• Before analysis
save file

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