Introduction to power systems individual assignment

I. Solve the following problems by showing necessary steps neatly.

1. Each of three insulators forming a string has self-capacitance of “C” farad. The shunt
capacitance of each cap of insulator is 0·25 C to earth and 0·15 C to line. Calculate the
voltage distribution across each insulator as a percentage of line voltage to earth and
the string efficiency.
2. A 3-phase overhead transmission line is supported on 4-disc suspension insulators. The
voltage across the second and third discs are 13·2 kV and 18 kV respectively. Calculate
the line voltage and mention the nearest standard voltage
3. Each line of a 3-phase system is suspended by a string of 3 similar insulators. If the
voltage across the line unit is 17·5 kV, calculate the line to neutral voltage and string
efficiency. Assume that shunt capacitance between each insulator and earthed metal
work of tower to be 1/10th of the capacitance of the insulator.
4. A string of four suspension insulators is connected across a 285-kV line. The self-
capacitance of each unit is equal to 5 times pin to earth capacitance. Calculate: (i) the
potential difference across each unit, (ii) the string efficiency.
5. A transmission line conductor is supported from two towers at heights of 70 m above
water level. The horizontal distance between the towers is 300 m. If the tension in the
conductors is 1500 kg, find the clearance at a point mid-way between the towers. The
size of the conductor is 0·9 𝑐𝑚2 and density of conductor material is 8·9 gm/𝑐𝑚3 .
6. An overhead line has a conductor of cross-section 2.5 𝑐𝑚2 hard drawn copper and a
span length of 150 meters. Determine the sag which must be allowed if the tension is
not to exceed one-fifth of the ultimate strength of 4175 𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2 (a) in still air, and (b)
with a wind pressure of 1.3 kg/meter and an ice coating of 1.25 cm.
7. An overhead line has the following data: Span length 185 meters. Difference in levels
of supports 6.5 meters, conductor diameter 1.82 cm, weight per unit length of
conductor 2.5 kg/meter, wind pressure 49 𝑘𝑔/𝑚2 . of projected area. Maximum tensile
stress of the conductor 4250 𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2 . . Factor of safety 5. Calculate the allowable sag
in meters at the lower support.

N.B: All of the questions should be solved by all of the students and
submit the questions where you have allocated to do so. Submission Date: 07/10/2016 E.C
 Introduction to power systems individual assignment

8. A transmission line conductor at a river crossing is supported from two towers at

heights of 45 meters and 75 meters above water level. The span length is 300 metres.
Weight of the conductor 0.85 kg/meter. Determine the clearance between the
conductor and water at a point midway between towers if the tension in the conductor
is 2050 kg.
9. Two towers of height 40 m and 30 m respectively support a transmission line
conductor at water crossing. The horizontal distance between the towers is 300 m. If
the tension in the conductor is 1590 kg, find the clearance of the conductor at a point
mid-way between the supports. Weight of conductor is 0·8 kg/m. Bases of the towers
can be considered to be at the water level.
10. An overhead transmission line at a river crossing is supported from two towers at
heights of 50 m and 100 m above the water level. The horizontal distance between
the towers is 400 m. If the maximum allowable tension is 1800 kg and the conductor
weighs 1 kg/m, find the clearance between the conductor and water at a point mid-
way between the supports.
11. A three-phase overhead transmission line is designed to deliver 190.5 MVA at 220 kV
over a distance of 63 km, such that the total transmission line loss is not to exceed
2.5% of the rated line MVA. Given the resistivity of the conductor material to be
2.84 × 10−8 Ω-m, determine the required conductor diameter. Neglect power losses
due to insulator leakage currents and corona.
12. A transmission-line cable consists of 12 identical strands of aluminum, each 3 mm in
diameter. The resistivity of aluminum strand at 20°C is 2.8 x10−8 Ω-m. Find the 50°C
ac resistance per km of the cable. Assume a skineffect correction factor of 1.02 at 60
Hz.
13. A single-phase overhead transmission line consists of two solid aluminum conductors
having a radius of 2.5 cm, with a spacing 3.6 m between centers.
a) Determine the total line inductance in mH/m.
b) Given the operating frequency to be 60 Hz, find the total inductive reactance
of the line in Ω/km.
c) If the spacing is doubled to 7.2 m, how does the reactance change?

N.B: All of the questions should be solved by all of the students and
submit the questions where you have allocated to do so. Submission Date: 07/10/2016 E.C
 Introduction to power systems individual assignment

14. Determine the GMR of each of the unconventional stranded conductors shown in
Figure below. All strands have the same radius r.

A. B.
15. Calculate the inductive reactance in Ω/km of a bundled 500-kV, 60-Hz, three-phase
completely transposed overhead line having three ACSR 556.50 𝑚𝑚2 conductors per
bundle, with 0.5 m between conductors in the bundle. The horizontal phase spacings
between bundle centers are 10, 10, and 20 m.
16. A three-phase transposed line is composed of one ACSR 159,000-cmil, 54/19 Lapwing
conductor per phase with flat horizontal spacing of 8 m as shown in Figure 4.28. The
GMR of each conductor is 1.515 cm.
(a) Determine the inductance per phase per kilometer of the line.
(b) This line is to be replaced by a two-conductor bundle with 8 m spacing measured
from the center of the bundles as shown in Figure below. The spacing between the
conductors in the bundle is 40 cm. If the line inductance per phase is to be 77 percent
of the inductance in part (a), what would be the GMR of each new conductor in the
bundle?

Fig: Conductor layout for Problem (a).

FIG: Conductor layout for Problem (b)

N.B: All of the questions should be solved by all of the students and
submit the questions where you have allocated to do so. Submission Date: 07/10/2016 E.C
 Introduction to power systems individual assignment

17. The conductor configuration of a bundled single-phase overhead transmission line is

shown in Figure below. Line X has its three conductors situated at the corners of an
equilateral triangle with 10-cm spacing. Line Y has its three conductors arranged in a
horizontal configuration with 10-cm spacing. All conductors are identical, solid
cylindrical conductors, each with a radius of 2 cm. (a) Find the equivalent
representation in terms of the geometric mean radius of each bundle and a separation
that is the geometric mean distance.

18. A telephone line runs parallel to an untransposed three-phase transmission line, as

shown in Fig. below. The power line carries balanced current of 400 A per phase. Find
the mutual inductance between the circuits and calculate the 50 Hz voltage induced in
the telephone line per km.

Fig. Telephone line parallel to a power line

19. Find the inductance per unit length of the single-phase line shown in fig below.
Conductors a, b, and c, are of 0.2 cm radius, and conductors d and e are of 0.4 cm
radius.

N.B: All of the questions should be solved by all of the students and
submit the questions where you have allocated to do so. Submission Date: 07/10/2016 E.C
 Introduction to power systems individual assignment

20. A three - phase transmission line has flat horizontal spacing with 2 m between adjacent
conductors. At a certain instant the charge on one of the outside conductors is 60,
µC/km, and the charge on the center conductor and on the other outside conductor is
- 30 µC/km. The radius of each conductor is 0.8 cm. Neglect the effect of the ground
and find the voltage drop between the two identically charged conductors at the
instant specified.
21. A three-phase double-circuit line is shown in Fig. below. The diameter of each
conductor is 2.0 cm. The line is transposed and carries balanced load. Find the
capacitance per phase to neutral of the line.

22. A three-phase transmission line has flat, horizontal spacing with 2 m between adjacent
conductors. The radius of each conductor is 0.25 cm. At a certain instant the charges
on the center conductor and on one of the outside conductors are identical and voltage
drop between these identically charged conductors is 775 V. Neglect the effect of
ground, and find the value of the identical charge in coulomb/km at the instant
specified.
23. Determine the capacitance and charging current per unit length of the line when the
arrangement of the conductors is as shown in Fig. below. The operating voltage is 132
kV.

24. A 3-phase double circuit line is shown in Fig. below. The diameter of each conductor
is 2 cm. Determine the capacitance and charging current per km length of the line,
assume that the line is transposed and the operating voltage 220 kV.

N.B: All of the questions should be solved by all of the students and
submit the questions where you have allocated to do so. Submission Date: 07/10/2016 E.C
 Introduction to power systems individual assignment

25. Calculate the capacitance per kilometer per phase of the single-circuit, two-bundle
conductor line shown in fig below. The diameter of each conductor is 5cm.

26. Find the A, B, C, D parameters of a 3-phase, 80 km, 50 Hz transmission line with series
impedance of (0.15 + j0.78) ohm per km and a shunt admittance of j5.0 × 10–6 ohm
per km. Determine both T and π equivalents for this line.
27. A 69-kV, three-phase short transmission line is 16 km long. The line has a per phase
series impedance of 0.125+j0.4375 Ω per km. Determine the sending end voltage,
voltage regulation, the sending end power, and the transmission efficiency when the
line delivers
a. 70 MVA, 0.8 lagging power factor at 64 kV.
b. 120 MW, unity power factor at 64 kV.
28. A 230-kV, three-phase transmission line has a per phase series impedance of
z=0.05+j0.45 Ω per km and a per phase shunt admittance of y=j3.4 x10−6 siemens per
km. The line is 80 km long. Using the nominal π model, determine
a. The transmission line ABCD constants.

Find the sending end voltage and current, voltage regulation, the sending endpower and
the transmission efficiency when the line delivers

b. 200 MVA, 0.8 lagging power factor at 220 kV.

N.B: All of the questions should be solved by all of the students and
submit the questions where you have allocated to do so. Submission Date: 07/10/2016 E.C
 Introduction to power systems individual assignment

c. 306 MW, unity power factor at 220 kV.

29. The ABCD constants of a three-phase, 345-kV transmission line are
A = D = 0.98182 + j0.0012447
B = 4.035 + j58.947
C = j0.00061137

The line delivers 400 MVA at 0.8 lagging power factor at 345 kV. Determine
the sending end quantities, voltage regulation, and transmission efficiency.

30. The ABCD constants of a lossless three-phase, 500-kV transmission line are
A = D= 0.86 + jO
B = 0+j130.2
C = j0.002
a. Obtain the sending end quantities and the voltage regulation when line
delivers 1000 MVA at 0.8 lagging power factor at 500 kV.

To improve the line performance, series capacitors are installed at both ends
in each phase of the transmission line. As a result of this, the compensated
ABCD constants become

 1   1 
 A' B '  1 − jX c   A B  1 − jX c 
 ' = 2
 C D  
2
C D'   
 0 1   0 1 
where Xc is the total reactance of the series capacitor. If Xc = 100 Ω
b. Determine the compensated ABCD constants.
c. Determine the sending end quantities and the voltage regulation when line delivers
1000 MVA at 0.8 lagging power factor at 500 kV.

N.B: All of the questions should be solved by all of the students and
submit the questions where you have allocated to do so. Submission Date: 07/10/2016 E.C
 Introduction to power systems individual assignment

Section 1
No. Student ID Name Sex Question number
1. DTU13R0016 Abdinaol Shiferaw Leta M 4, 5, 11, 18, 20, 26
2. DTU13R0076 Abraham Legesse Dadhi M 1, 10, 12, 19, 21, 27
3. DTU12R0236 Addisu Kindalem Erikie M 3, 9, 11, 14, 23, 28
4. DTU13R0303 Bewuket Alene Demeke M 2, 8, 12, 13, 22, 29
5. DTU13R0335 Birhanu Shimalis Asfaw M 3, 7, 11, 19, 24, 30
6. DTU13R0381 Burka Teshita Gura M 1, 6, 12, 15, 25, 28
7. DTU13R3046 Chernet Melese Bantie M 2, 5, 11, 16, 24, 27
8. DTU13R0478 Demis Negash Nigussie M 3, 6, 12, 17, 22, 30
9. DTU13R0509 Desalegn Tesfaye Daba M 4, 7, 11, 18, 23, 26
10. DTU13R0531 Eba Eshetu Raga M 1, 8, 12, 19, 25, 29
11. DTU13R0737 Garemu Adugna Tolesa M 2, 9, 11, 13, 21, 26
12. DTU13R0765 Gemechu Gelgelu Kiniso M 3, 10, 12, 15, 20, 30
13. DTU13R0830 Habtamu Adugnaw Mekonen M 4, 10, 11, 14, 21, 29
14. DTU12R1405 Hailu Dagne Abegaz M 1, 9, 12, 13, 22, 28
15. DTU13R0979 Kalayu Zeleke Zewude M 2, 8, 11, 16, 23, 27
16. DTU13R0987 Kalkidan Abebe Defaru F 3, 7, 12, 15, 24, 26
17. DTU13R3102 Kibru Eyayu Admassi M 4, 6, 11, 14, 25, 26
18. DTU13R1080 Lemi Sisay Demise M 4, 5, 12, 13, 25, 30
19. DTU13R3120 Meltedan Girma Woldie F 3, 5, 11, 19, 24, 27
20. DTU13R1294 Muluken Gululat Tadese M 2, 6, 12, 18, 23, 29
21. DTU13R1401 Rediet Dikame Lemma M 1, 7, 11, 17, 22, 28
22. DTU13R1596 Tegene Misgana Mekonnen M 1, 8, 12, 16, 21, 27
23. DTU13R3156 Tewabe Shibabaw Mekonnen M 2, 9, 11, 15, 20, 26
24. DTU12R0944 Weziro Aliyi Nure M 3, 10, 12, 14, 20, 30
25. DTU13R1772 Yared Fekadie Mersha M 4, 10, 11, 13, 21, 29
26. DTU13R1773 Yared Sileshi Nigatu M 1, 9, 12, 13, 22, 28
27. DTU13R1775 Yaregal Aschale Belayneh M 2, 8, 11, 14, 23, 27
28. DTU12R1636 Yisihak Yoseph Anchurf M 3, 7, 12, 15, 24, 26
29. DTU13R1869 Yoseph Kumlachew Moges M 4, 6, 11, 16, 25, 30

N.B: All of the questions should be solved by all of the students and
submit the questions where you have allocated to do so. Submission Date: 07/10/2016 E.C
 Introduction to power systems individual assignment

Section 2
No. Student ID Name Sex Question number
1. DTU13R0148 Amanual Molla Asmare M 1, 5, 11, 13, 20, 26
2. DTU12R1341 Berento Yasin Sule M 2, 6, 12, 14, 21, 27
3. DTU13R0348 Biruk Seifu Eshete M 3, 7, 11, 15, 22, 28
4. DTU13R0373 Bruk Fanta Abera M 4, 8, 12, 16, 23, 29
5. DTU13R0489 Dereje Ayele Sinebo M 4, 9, 11, 17, 24, 30
6. DTU12R0909 Derese Solomon Sime M 3, 10, 12, 18, 25, 30
7. DTU13R0517 Digafe Gizaw Siyoum M 2, 10, 11, 19, 25, 29
8. DTU13R0551 Edosa Misgenu Benti M 1, 9, 12, 17, 23, 28
9. DTU13R0681 Fikadu Tesfaye Seboka M 2, 8, 11, 16, 24, 27
10. DTU13R0764 Gemechu Argewu Gudeta M 3, 7, 12, 15, 22, 26
11. DTU13R0809 Gudina Eyasu Etika M 4, 6, 11, 14, 21, 28
12. DTU13R0846 Hailegiorgis Asnake Takele M 4, 5, 12, 13, 20, 26
13. DTU13R0862 Hamza Ahmed Yimer M 3, 5, 11, 13, 21,27
14. DTU13R1000 Kasahun Tariku Miresa M 2, 6, 12, 14, 22, 29
15. DTU13R1189 Merdikyos Gimesso Beyeka M 1, 7, 11, 15, 23, 30
16. DTU12R0774 Mikiyas Habte Teley M 1, 8, 12, 16, 24, 30
17. DTU13R1231 Milkesa Dagne Asefa M 2, 9, 11, 17, 25, 29
18. DTU13R1263 Mohammed Dekebo Gelchu M 3, 10, 12, 18, 25, 28
19. DTU13R1272 Mosisa Alemu Wako M 4, 10, 11, 19, 24, 27
20. DTU13R1421 Rufael Areda Bika M 4, 9, 12, 19, 23, 26
21. DTU12R0387 Shane Bekele Negash M 3, 8, 11, 18, 22, 26
22. DTU13R1646 Tigist Teni Bade F 2, 7, 12, 17, 21, 27
23. DTU13R1749 Yabsira Korma Dewiche M 1, 6, 11, 16, 20, 28
24. Dtu13r3170 Yibeltal Lingerew Abit M 2, 5, 12, 15, 25, 29
25. Dtu13r1833 Yohannes Mitiku Gerba M 3, 10, 11, 14, 24, 30

N.B: All of the questions should be solved by all of the students and
submit the questions where you have allocated to do so. Submission Date: 07/10/2016 E.C