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Urine Analysis

Some of the basic tests for urine analysis is mentioned in the document.

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Ashwini kumar Jha
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19 views

Urine Analysis

Some of the basic tests for urine analysis is mentioned in the document.

Uploaded by

Ashwini kumar Jha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Urine:

Urine is a liquid byproduct of the body secreted by the kidneys through a process
called urination and excreted through the urethra. The normal chemical
composition of urine is mainly water content, but it also includes nitrogenous
molecules, such as urea, as well as creatinine and other metabolic waste
components.

Normal Chemical Composition of Urine


Urine is an aqueous solution of greater than 95% water, with a minimum of these remaining
constituents, in order of decreasing concentration:

● Urea 9.3 g/L.


● Chloride 1.87 g/L.
● Sodium 1.17 g/L.
● Potassium 0.750 g/L.
● Creatinine 0.670 g/L .
● Other dissolved ions, inorganic and organic compounds (proteins, hormones,
metabolites).
Abnormal Types of Urine
There are several conditions that can cause abnormal components to be excreted in urine or
present as abnormal characteristics of urine. They are mostly referred to by the suffix -uria.
Some of the more common types of abnormal urine include:

● Proteinuria—Protein content in urine, often due to leaky or damaged glomeruli.


● Oliguria—An abnormally small amount of urine, often due to shock or kidney damage.
● Polyuria—An abnormally large amount of urine, often caused by diabetes.
● Dysuria—Painful or uncomfortable urination, often from urinary tract infections.
● Hematuria—Red blood cells in urine, from infection or injury.
● Glycosuria—Glucose in urine, due to excess plasma glucose in diabetes, beyond the
amount able to be reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule.

Urine sample collection, handling and dispatch

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