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ESME-192 NOTES-1

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29 views5 pages

ESME-192 NOTES-1

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chhuhhh6
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ESME-192 ,2020, EE-1

INTRODUCTION TO WORKSHOP PRACTICE


WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY WORKSHOP?
THE WORKSHOP IS PRIMARILY RESPONSIBLE FOR MACHINE PROCESSING OF VARIOUS
METALS, PLASTICS, AND A VARIETY OF SPECIAL MATERIALS. ... THE EQUIPMENT IS STATE-OF-
THE-ART AND DESIGNED FOR MULTIPLE USES.

AN WORKSHOP (MECHANICAL WORKSHOP) MAY BE ---


1 : A SMALL ESTABLISHMENT WHERE MANUFACTURING OR HANDICRAFTS ARE CARRIED ON.
2 : WORKROOM.
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING WORKSHOP IS A PLACE WHERE STUDENTS ACQUIRE
KNOWLEDGE ON THE OPERATION OF VARIOUS PROCESSES INVOLVED IN MANUFACTURING
AND PRODUCTION.
THE WORKSHOP PRACTICE COURSE MAKES STUDENTS COMPETENT IN HANDLING PRACTICAL
WORK IN ENGINEERING ...

WHAT IS A WORKSHOP LAYOUT?


A WORKSHOP LAYOUT REFERS TO THE PLACEMENT OF STORAGE, MACHINES, AND
WORKBENCHES IN A CONFINED SPACE RELATIVE TO EACH OTHER. A POOR WORKSHOP
LAYOUT REQUIRES EXCESSIVE TRAVELING AND HANDLING BETWEEN AREAS OR MAY HAVE
TOO MUCH DISRUPTION OR CLUTTER.
WHY A WORKSHOP LAYOUT IS NECESSARY?
IMPROVING WORKSHOP LAYOUT SAVES MOST MONEY IN PROCESSES WHERE THE PRODUCTS
OR MATERIALS USED ARE LARGE AND HEAVY, SUCH AS SHEET METAL WORKING AND
WOODWORKING, IN JOINERY THE SAVINGS FROM IMPROVED LAYOUT CAN BE DRAMATIC.
EXAMPLE LAYOUT OF WOOD WORKING SHOP

ECAMPLE LAYOUT OF MACHINE SHOP


EXAMPLE LAYOUT OF SHHET METAL SHOP

SAFETY RULES OF WORKSHOP:--


1. WEAR AN APRON AT ALL TIMES. WEAR COVERED SHOES.
2. ENSURE BAGS ETC. ARE STORED IN A LOCKER NOT AROUND THE BENCH.
3. ALWAYS FOLLOW INSTRUCTIONS AND RULES. DO NOT TAKE SHOT-CUTS. ASK FOR HELP
IF NECESSARY.
4. IF YOU DO NOT KNOW HOW TO USE A PIECE OF EQUIPMENTS, THEN DO NOT USE THAT.
ASK FOR HELP IF YOU NEED TO.
5. WHEN USING MACHINERY, ALWAYS PROTECT YOUR BODY AND EYES.
6. DO NOT TOUCH MACHINES AND EQUIPMENTS UNLESS YOU HAVE PERMISSIONS.
7. NEVER BLOW DUST OR TOUCH SWARF.
8. NEVER RUN IN THE WORKSHOP.
9. WHEN USING MACHINES, BRAZING HEARTH OR CHIP FORGE HAIR MUST BE TIED UP
(GIRLS) AND BAGGY CLOTHES REMOVED.
10. WHEN FINISHED A MACHINING , MAKE SURE THAT TOOLS ARE RETURNED TO THE
CORRECT PLACE AND THE MACHINE IS CLEANED.
11. ONLY TWO PEOPLE AT ANY TIME SHOULD BE IN THE HOT WORKING AREA.
12. WHEN USING THE BRAZING HEARTH AND CHIP FORGE ALWAYS WEAR LEATHER
APRONS, LEATHER GLOVES AND FACE VISOR.
13. ALWAYS STAND UP WHEN DOING PRACTICAL WORK.
14. REPORT ANY DAMAGE OR MISSING EQUIPMENT BEFORE USE.
15. REPORT ANY BREAKAGE, SPILLAGES OR INJURIES TO YOUR TEACHER.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF FIT


FIT MAY BE DEFINED AS DEGREE OF TIGHTNESS OR LOOSENESS BETWEEN TWO MATING PARTS
TO PERFORM A DEFINITE FUNCTION WHEN THEY ARE ASSEMBLED TOGETHER.
THERE ARE THREE BASIC TYPES OF FITS :--
1) CLEARANCE FIT:-- IN THIS TYPE OF FIT ,SHAFT IS ALWAYS SMALLER THAN THE HOLE.
THE LARGEST PERMISSIBLE SHAFT DIAMETER IS SMALLER THAN THE SMALLEST HOLE. THE
SHAFT CAN ROTATE OR SLIDE THROUGH WITH DIFFERENT DEGREES OF FREEDOM ACCORDING
TO THE PURPOSE OF THE MATING PART.
CLEARENCE FIT IS OF 5 TYPES :--
a. SLIDE FIT – LATHE TAILSTOCK, DRILLING MACHINE SPINDLE QUILL, QUICK CHANGE
GEARBOX OF LATHE
b. EASY SLIDE FIT – LATHE SPINDLE, LATHE DIVIDING HEADS, PISTON AND SLIDE VALVES
c. RUNNING FIT – GEAR BOX BEARINGS, SHAFT PULLEYS, CRANK SHAFTS AND THEIR MAIN
BEARINGS
d. SLACK RUNNING FIT – ARM SHAFT OF IC ENGINE, SHAFT OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
e. LOOSE RUNNING FIT. – IDLE PULLEY ON SHAFT AND QUICK RETURN MECHANISM OF
PLANER.
2) INTERFERENCE FIT:-- IN THIS TYPE OF FIT THE MINIMUM PERMISSIBLE DIAMETER
OF A SHAFT IS LARGER THAN THE MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE DIAMETER OF THE HOLE. THUS THE
SHAFT AND HOLE MEMBERS ARE INTENDED TO BE ATTACHED PERMANENTLY AND USED AS A
SOLID COMPONENT.
INTERFERENCE FITS ARE OF THREE (3) TYPES. –

(a) FORCE FIT :-- FORCE FITS ARE EMPLOYED WHEN THE MATING PARTS ARE NOT
REQUIRED TO BE DISASSEMBLED DURING THEIR TOTAL SERVICE LIFE. IN THIS CASE
INTERFERENCE IS APPRECIABLE AND ASSEMBLY IS OBTAINED ONLY WHEN HIGH
PRESSURE IS APPLIED, EG – FORGING MACHINE ETC.
(b) TIGHT FIT:- IT PROVIDES LESS INTERFERENCE THAN FORCE FIT. TIGHT FITS ARE
EMPLOYED FOR MATING PARTS THAT MAY BE REPLACED WHILE OVERHAULING OF THE
MACHINE, EG – STEPPED PULLEYS OF THE DRIVE SHAFTS OF THE CONVEYOR,
CYLINDRICAL GRINDING MACHINE.
(c) SHRINK FIT :- IT REFERS TO THE MAXIMUM NEGATIVE ALLOWANCE. HERE
CONSIDERABLE FORCE IS NECESSARY FOR THE ASSEMBLY, EG – FITTING OF FRAME BY
FIRST HEATING IT AND THEN RAPIDLY COOLING.

C) TRANSITION FIT:- THIS TYPE OF FIT LIES MIDWAY BETWEEN CLEARENCE AND
INTERFERENCE FIT. IN THIS TYPE THE SIZE LIMITS OF MATING PARTS ARE SO SELECTED THAT
EITHER CLEARENCE OR INTERFERENCE MAY OCCUR DEPENDING UPON THE ACTUAL SIZES OF
THE PARTS.
TRANSITION FITS ARE OF TWO TYPES –
(a) WRINGING FIT:-- A WRINGING FIT PROVIDES EITHER ZERO INTERFERENCE OR A
CLEARENCE. THESE ARE USED WHERE PARTS CAN BE REPLACED WITHOUT DIFFICULTY
DURING MINOR REPAIR.
(b) PUSH FIT:- THIS TYPE OF FIT PROVIDES SMALL CLEARENCE.IT IS EMPLOYED FOR PARTS
THAT MUST BE DIS-ASSEMBLED DURING THE OPERATION OF A MACHINE , EG –
CHANGING OF GEARS, SLIP BUSHINGS ETC.
Slide fit

Easy slide fit

CLEARANCE FIT Running fit

Slack running
fit

Loose running
fit

Force fit
FITS

INTERFERENCE
Tight fit
FIT

Shrink fit

Wringing fit
TRANSITION FIT
Push fit

DIFFERENT TYPES OF FIT IN THE FORM OF A CHART

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