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Trigonometry 01

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6 views

Trigonometry 01

Uploaded by

Aditya Dash
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Institute of Higher Secondary Education (IHSE)

(+2 Science college of ITER), SOA University, Bhubaneswar

L1: Trigonometric Functions

DEFINATION: The word trigonometry is derived from the Greek words’ Trigon’ and
‘Metron’ which means measuring the sides of a triangle. The subject was originally
developed to solve geometric problem involving triangles.

ANGLE:

Let a revolving line starting from OX revolve about O in a plane in the direction of
the arrow and occupy the position OP, then it is said to trace out an angle XOP. OP is
called the final (or terminal) position and OX is the initial position. The point O is the
vertex.

To be more rigorous an angle may be defined as a measure of the rotation of a


half-ray about its origin. P

O X

An angle AOB is positive if it is traced out by ray revolving in the anti-clockwise


direction and negative if it is traced out by a ray revolving in the clock-wise direction. It
may be noted that an angle can have any magnitude.
QUADRANTS:

Let X’OX and Y’OY be two perpendicular lines meeting at the point O. These lines
divide the plane into four parts called quadrants.

(i) XOY is called the first quadrant.


'
(ii) YOX , the second quadrant.
' '
(iii) X OY , the third quadrant and
'
(iv) Y OX, the fourth quadrant as numbered in figure.

MEASUREMENT OF AN ANGLE:

There are three systems of measurement of an angle :

(i) Sexagesimal System or English System.

(ii) Centesimal System or French System.

(iii) Circular System.

(i) Sexagesimal System: In this system an angle is measured in degree, minute


1
and second. One degree (written as 10) is the part of a complete rotation,
360
0
i.e., one complete revolution= 360 .
1 0
Since, a right angle is th of a revolution, therefore, 1 right angle= 90 . A
4
degree is further subdivided as follows :
' ''
1 degree=60 minute, written as 60 and 1 minute=60 second, written as 60 .

(ii) Centesimal System or French System: In this system an angle is measured in


grade, minute and second. Here, 1 right angle =100 grade, written as 100g.
'
1 grade=100 minute, written as 100 ’ and 1 minute=100 second, written as
''
100 .

(iii) Circular System: In this system an angle is measured in radian.

A radian is an angle subtended at the centre of a circle by an arc whose


length is equal to the radius.

If a circle of radius r, an arc length l subtends an angle θ at the centre then

l
θ=
r
RELATION BETWEEN DEGREE AND RADIAN:

Since a circle subtends at the centre an angle whose radian measure is 2π and its
∘
degree measure is 360 it follows that
∘
2π radian = 360
∘
⇒π radian = 180
∘
180 ∘ '
⇒1 radian = ≅ 57 16
π

π
Also 1 degree = radian= 0.01746 radian approximately
180

CIRCULAR MEASURE OF AN ANGLE:

The circular measure of an angle is the number of radian contained in the angle.
Thus, the circular measure of an angle of one radian is 1.
Circular measure of some standard angles is given in the following table:
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Angle in 0 30 45 60 90 120 135 150 180 270 360
degree
Circular 0 π π π π 2π 3π 5π π 3π 2π
Measure 6 4 3 2 3 4 6 2

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