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physics investigatory project

physics project on combination of logic gates

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physics investigatory project

physics project on combination of logic gates

Uploaded by

Raghav.S /6218
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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You are on page 1/ 17

SAIRAM VIDYALAYA SENIOR

SECONDRY SCHOOL

INVESTIGATORY PROJECT
ON
COMBINATION OF LOGIC GATES

Submitted by,
Raghav.S
XII-C
SAIRAM VIDYALAYA
SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL
AFFILIATED TO CBSE NO: 1930478
NO: 5, MADIPAKKAM MAIN ROAD, MADIPAKKAM, CHENNAI-91.

DEPARTMENT OF ______________________________

ROLL NO: - _______________________________

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that this Bonafide project work has been done by
____________________________________ of class XII in SAIRAM
VIDYALAYA SR. SEC. SCHOOL, MADIPAKKAM, CHENNAI -91
during the year 2023-24.
Submitted for (Senior Secondary Certificate Examination)
_________________________ Practical Examination held on
_______________ at ____________________________________________
by SSCE, New Delhi.

INTERNAL SENIOR EXTERNAL


EXAMINER PRINCIPAL EXAMINER
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In the accomplishment of this project successfully, I would like to thank


our respected Senior Principal Mr. Mayilvahanan Chinnaswamy to
whom I owe a lot, for equipping us with exemplary infrastructure and
laboratory amenities.

I also take this opportunity to express my sincere thanks to our


____________________ teacher ____________________, whose
valuable guidance, instructions and suggestions has served as the major
contribution towards the completion of the project at various stages.

I also clinch this opportunity to thank my parents and friends who served
as the backbone in completing this project.

I would also like to thank CBSE for this golden opportunity to


undertake this project.
INDEX

1.Definition of Logic Gates

2.Types Of Basic Logic Gates


a)OR gate
b)AND gate
c)NOT gate

3.Combined Logic Gates


a)NANG gate
b)NOR gate
c)XOR gate
d)XNOR gate

4.Applications Of Logic Gates

5.De Morgan’s Theorem

6.Bibliography
Logic Gates:
A logic gate is a device performing a Boolean logic
operation on one or more binary inputs and then
outputs a single binary output.

Basic Logic Gates:


1.OR Gate
In an OR gate, the output of an OR gate attains
state 1 if one or more inputs attain state 1.

The Boolean expression of the OR gate is Y


= A + B, read as Y equals A ‘OR’ B.
The truth table of a two-input OR basic
gate is given as:

A B Y

0 0 0

0 1 1

1 0 1

1 1 1

2.AND Gate:
In the AND gate, the output of an AND
gate attains state 1 if and only if all the
inputs are in state 1.
The Boolean expression of AND gate is
Y = A.B

The truth table of a two-input AND


basic gate is given as

A B Y

0 0 0

0 1 0

1 0 0

1 1 1
3.NOT Gate:
In a NOT gate, the output of a NOT gate
attains state 1 if and only if the input
does not attain state 1.

The Boolean expression is


𝑌=𝐴’
It is read as Y equals NOT A.

The truth table of NOT gate is as


follows
A Y

0 1

1 0

Combination Of Logic Gates:


When connected in various combinations,
the three gates (OR, AND and NOT) give us
combined logic gates, such as NAND and
NOR gates, which are the universal
building blocks of digital circuits.

Combined Logic Gates:

NAND Gate:
This Combined logic gate is the
combination of AND and NOT gates.
The Boolean expression of the NAND
gate is

𝑌=(𝐴.𝐵)
The truth table of a NAND gate is given
as

A B Y

0 0 1

0 1 1

1 0 1

1 1 0
NOR Gate
This combined gate is the
combination of OR and NOT gates.

The Boolean expression of the NOR


gate is 𝑌=(𝐴+B)’.
The truth table of a NOR gate is as
follows

A B Y

0 0 1

0 1 0
1 0 0

1 1 0

Exclusive-OR gate (XOR Gate)


In an XOR gate, the output of a two-
input XOR gate attains state 1 if one
adds only input and attains state 1.

The Boolean expression of the XOR


gate is Y = 𝐴.𝐵’+𝐴’.𝐵 OR
The truth table of an XOR gate is

A B Y

0 0 0

0 1 1

1 0 1

1 1 0

Exclusive-NOR Gate (XNOR Gate):


In the XNOR gate, the output is in state
1 when both inputs are the same, that
is, both 0 or both 1.
The Boolean expression of the XNOR
gate :

The truth table of an XNOR gate is


given below

A B Y

0 0 1

0 1 0

1 0 0

1 1 1
Application of Logic Gates:
Logic gates have a lot of applications,
but they are mainly based on their
mode of operations or their truth table.
Basic logic gates are often found in
circuits such as safety thermostats,
push-button locks, automatic
watering systems, light-activated
burglar alarms and many other
electronic devices.

One of the primary benefits is that


basic logic gates can be used in
various combinations if the operations
are advanced. Besides, there is no limit
to the number of gates that can be
used in a single device. However, it can
be restricted due to the given physical
space in the device. In
digital integrated circuits (ICs), we will
find an array of the logic gate area
unit.

De Morgan’s Theorem
The first theorem – It states that the
NAND gate is equivalent to a bubbled
OR gate.

(𝐴.𝐵)’=𝐴’+𝐵’
The second theorem – It states that
the NOR gate is equivalent to a
bubbled AND gate.

(A+B)’ = A’.B’
Bibliography
1. https://byjus.com/
2. https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/
3. https://people.iitism.ac.in/
4. https://www.techtarget.com/
5. https://en.wikipedia.org/
6. https://www.electronicsforu.com/

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