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270724 File Operations (1)

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2BA21EE025 Masabi korabu
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3 views

270724 File Operations (1)

Uploaded by

2BA21EE025 Masabi korabu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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getw() and putw() functions

• These are integer oriented functions


• work similar to getc and putc
• used to read and write integer values
• useful when we deal with only integer data
putw(integer, fp);
getw(fp);
fprintf() and fscanf() functions
These can handle a grup of mxed data
simultaneously
work identical to scanf () and printf()
fprintf(fp,”control string”,list);
fp – file pointer associated with a file opened for
writing
control string – contains output specifications for
the items in the list (var, constants, strings)
Ex: printf(f1, “%s %d %f”, name, age, 7.5);
fscanf()
fscanf(fp,”control string”, list);
This would cause reading of items in the list from
the file specified by fp, according to the
specifications contained in the control string
Ex: scanf(f2, “%s %d”, item, quntity);
Note:
1. scanf, fscanf return the number of item that
are successfully read
2. when end of the file is reached, it returns EOF
Error Handling during i/o operations
Typical error situations during file operations:
1. Trying to read beyond the EOF mark
2. Device overflow
3. Trying to use a file that has not been opened
4. Trying to perform an operation on a file, when
the file is opened for another type of operation
5. opening a file with an invalid filename
6. Attemting to write to a write-protected file
Random Access to files (fseek, ftell, rewind)
To access a particular part of a file
ftell(): takes a file pointer and returns a number of type long, that
corresponds to the current position in the file, that can be used
later. n = ftell(fp);
n – relative offset (in bytes) of the current position
(means n bytes have already been read or written)
rewind(): takes a file pointer and resets the position to the start of
the file. rewind(fp);
n=ftell(fp);
would assign 0 to n because the file position has been set to the
start. This function helps us in reading a file more than once,
without having to close and open again.
Note: Whenever a file is opened for reading or writing, a rewind is
done implicitly
fseek()
It is used to move the file position to a desired
location within the file.
fseek(file_ptr, offset, position);
file_ptr: pointer to the file concerned
offset: a number or variable of type long that
specifies the number of bytes to be moved from the
location specified by ‘position’
offset may be position(move forward) or negative
(move backward)
position: an integer number that can take one of 3
values: (0 – beginning of file, 1 – current position, 2 –
end of file)
fseek(file_ptr, offset, position);
Statement Meaning
fseek(fp,0L,0) Go to start (rewind)
fseek(fp,0L,1) Stay at the current position
fseek(fp,0L,2) Go to end of file
fseek(fp,m,0) Move to (m+1)th byte in the file
fseek(fp,m,1) Go forward by m bytes
fseek(fp,-m,1) Go backward by m bytes from
current position
fseek(fp,-m,2) Go backward by m bytes from end
Command Line Arguments
CLA is a parameter supplied to a program when
the program is invoked
This parameter may represent a filename the
program should process
Ex: C:\ PROGRAM X_FILE Y_FILE
copies contents of X_FILE to Y_FILE
PROGRAM is the file name where executable code
of the program is stored
This eliminates the need for program to request
the user to enter the filenames during execution
Command Line Arguments
main() function can also take arguments like other
functions sum = add(a,b);
• main() can take two arguments called argc and argv
• information contained in the command line is
passed on to the program through these arguments
when main is called by the system
argc: is a argument counter that counts the number
of arguments on the command line
argv: is an argument vector and represents an array
of character pointers that point to the command line
arguments; size of this array is equal to value of ‘argc’
C:\ PROGRAM X_FILE Y_FILE
for this case: argc = 3
argv[0]PROGRAM
argv[1] X_FILE
argv[2] Y_FILE
In order to access the command line arguments, we must
declare man as:
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
-------
}
The first parameter of command lin is always the program name
and therefore arg[0] always represents the program name
Additional info
• `dir`: Lists files and directories in the current
directory.
• `cd`: Changes the current directory.
• `md`: Creates a new directory.
• `rd`: Removes (deletes) a directory.
• `copy`: Copies files.
• `del`: Deletes files.
• `ren`: Renames files

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