A TECHNICAL REPORT ON STUDENT’S INDUSTRIAL WORK

EXPERIENCE SCHEME (SIWES)

UNDERTAKEN AT

FREDERIKOV PETROLEUM SERVICES.

BY

EFREGEDE PRUDENCE

MATRIC NUMBER: COT/4977/2018

LEVEL: 400

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING

COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

SUBMITTED TO:

THE SIWES UNIT AND THE DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND

ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING, FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF
PETROLEUM RESOURCES, EFFURUN, DELTA STATE. IN PARTIAL
FULFILMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
(B.ENG)

SUPERVISED BY: ENGR. CHARLES IBINOBA

JULY 2023- DECEMBER 2023

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 CERTIFICATION

This is to certify, that this Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme

(SIWES) report was undertaken, prepared and submitted by EFREGEDE
PRUDENCE with matriculation number COT/4977/2018 at FREDRIKOV
PETROLEUM SERVICES, to the department of Electrical/Electronic
Engineering, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun.

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 DEDICATION

This report is dedicated to God Almighty for the love and mercy that he has
continually and unfailingly shown me. I would also like to dedicate this report
to my parents for their guidance, my lecturers, friends and colleagues and
everyone who contributed in one way or the other to making my Industrial
training a huge success.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would love to acknowledge the great support shown to me by my employee

and my supervisor Engr. Kelechi, at FREDRIKOV PETROLEUM SERVICES ,
the training he gave, and time expended by him can never be reciprocated in
any way, the skill to which he imparted is vital for me in the oil industry. I also
want to acknowledge the vital support given by parents and guidance the
physical support they gave was pivotal to the completion of my task at
FREDRIKOV PETROLEUM SERVICES.

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 ABSTRACT
The training provided significant gains and achievements, including the
practical application of theoretical knowledge, exposure to advanced technology
in the oil and gas industry, and the development of vital technical and
interpersonal skills.
Notable achievements included mastering the use of critical equipment such as
gas chromatographs, hydrogen generators, air compressors, gas traps, proximity
sensors, CH4 and H2S sensors, and torque sensors. Additionally, the training
enhanced my ability to troubleshoot and maintain these complex systems.
Several problems were solved during the attachment, such as optimizing the
data acquisition process in mud logging operations and addressing equipment
malfunctions. These solutions contributed to smoother operations and improved
efficiency at the company.
The impact of the training was profound, significantly enhancing my
understanding of the practical aspects of my field. It provided hands-on
experience that bridges the gap between academic studies and real-world
engineering challenges. This experience is invaluable for my future career and
will directly enhance the quality and depth of my final year project, equipping
me with the skills to tackle complex engineering problems and innovate within
the oil and gas sector.

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 CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION

The Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) is a skills

development programme initiated by the Industrial Training Fund (ITF), in 1973
to bridge the gap between theory and practice among students of engineering
and technology in Institutions of Higher Learning in Nigeria. It provides for on-
the-job practical experience for students as they are exposed to work methods
and techniques in handling equipment and machinery that may not be
available in their Institutions.

At inception in 1974, the Scheme started with 784 Students from 11

Institutions and 104 eligible courses. By 2008, 210,390 Students from 219
Institutions participated in the Scheme with over 112 eligible courses.
However, the rapid growth and expansion of SIWES, has occurred against the
backdrop of successive economic crises which have affected the smooth
operation and administration of the Scheme. Most industries in Nigeria today,
are operating below installed capacity while others are completely shut down
(Manufacturing Association, 2003-2006).

The Scheme varies in duration between institutions and among programs and
it is funded by the Federal Government of Nigeria while it is administered by
the ITF in collaboration with the NUC. Participation in SIWES has become a
necessary pre-condition for the award of diploma and degree certificates in
specific disciplines in most institutions of higher learning in the country, in
accordance with the education policy of the government.

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1.0 AIM

The aim of SIWES is to bring into being graduates who are practically oriented
and equipped in all paraphernalia of Engineering, and also to provide
placements in industries for students of higher institution of learning approved
by relevant regulating authority to acquire work experience and skills relevant
to their course of study and prepare students for the real work situation they
are likely to meet after graduation.

1.1 OBJECTIVES OF SIWES

The objectives of SIWES are;

Provide students with opportunities to apply their educational knowledge in

real world situations thereby bridging the gap between theory and practice.

Enlist and strengthen employers’ involvement in the entire educational process

and prepare students for employment in industry and commerce.

To prepare the students for the stiff challenges ahead.

To enhance the technical quality of Nigerian tertiary institution graduates to

create an opportunity for social interaction with different categories of
students in different institutions thereby encouraging everlasting friendship.

Prepare students for industrial work situation that they are likely to meet after
graduation.

Expose students for work methods and techniques in handling equipment and
machinery that may not be available in their various institutions.

Make the transition from school to the world of work easier and enhance
students’ contacts for later job placement

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1.2 BENEFITS OF SIWES

The Industrial Attachment seeks to offer Students a practical translation of the

theory they have been taught. It has also gotten individual benefit of liaising
the University to the Industries hence brightening the employment chances of
the Students in the University. Through this Attachment, I have generated a
good interpersonal relationship through my interaction with my supervisors
and my colleagues. This has assisted me to interact confidently with people
irrespective of their position.

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 CHAPTER TWO

FREDRIKOV PETROLEUM SERVICES

2.0 INTRODUCTION

FREDRIKOV Petroleum Services Company Limited was incorporated in

September 1996 with Registration Number RC: 299,435 and in Ghana in March
2010 (Ghana Registration Number CA-72,713), but since its start-up of active
operations as a private limited liability company in September 2001, the
Company has grown to become a respected leader in providing cost-effective,
technically advanced high quality computerized logging services to the
domestic oil and gas industry.

With her main operation office in Warri, Fredrikov petroleum services is able to
serve the Niger-Delta environs with utmost efficiency. We also have our
administrative offices in both Port-Harcourt and Lagos.

Looking into the future, we will provide customers with more flexible and cost-
efficient rig integral solutions and better quality and comprehensively
integrated services in its service system and supply chain, With the cutting-
edge technologies, we are committed to becoming a globally competitive oil
servicing company with best cost-performance ratio and a solution provider.

2.1 THE COMPANY

Fredrikov Group is a foremost Nigerian indigenous oil and gas servicing

organization with about 20 years of experience delivering best in class services
to both Major and Marginal Exploration and Production companies. The
company has grown to become a respected leader in the provision of cost
effective, technically advanced high quality integrated/computerized mud-
logging, MWD and Wireline services to the domestic oil and gas industries with

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technical partnership with Shenkai Petroleum China and Baker Hughes Inc.
USA.

With well over 100 seasoned and dedicated professionals (Engineers and
Geologists) in our organization, Fredrikov Petroleum is specialized in providing
mud-logging, well planning, MWD/LWD and Wireline services for all kinds of
wells. We recently opened operation bases in Saudi Arabia and Oman to
enhance our presence in Middle East market.

2.2 CORPORATE MISSION

We are committed to providing high quality mud logging services to the oil and
gas industry while providing a safe, challenging and rewarding environment for
our staff, we will achieve this commitment through our staffs who have earned
a reputation for effectively meeting customer needs. Consistent profitability
will reflect the efficiency with which we provide services to our clients.

2.3 CORPORATE OBJECTIVES

The objectives of FREDRIKOV Petroleum Services Company Limited are:

I. To create shareholder value through growth in oilfield services and

equipment business.

ii. To market state-of-the-art equipment equal to or superior to competitors.

iii. To deliver high-quality, cost-effective services and provide a speed of

response to customer requirements superior to that provided by competitors.

iv. To attract, hire and retain energetic, capable and competent people and to
provide them with training support to achieve corporate and personnel
objectives.

v. To promote excellence in our operations with emphasis on timeliness,

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quality and safety.

vi. To achieve profitability and maximize returns to investors through the

pursuit of the above objectives and maintain a sound, conservative financial
position.

2.4 SERVICES

Fedrikov Petroleum services offer a rage of services which are listed below

2.4.1 MUD-LOGGING SERVICES

Mud logging is the creation of a detailed record – a well log – of a borehole by
examining the cuttings of rock brought to the surface by the circulating drilling
medium; most commonly known as drilling mud.

In an oil field drilling operation, mud logging technicians determine positions of

hydrocarbons with respect to depth, identify down-hole lithology, monitor
natural gas entering the drilling mud stream, and draw well logs for use by oil
company geologists. Rock cuttings circulated to the surface in drilling mud are
subsequently sampled and analyzed.

Mud logging provides well owners and producers with information about the
lithology and fluid content of the borehole while drilling. It is the earliest type
of a well log. It may begin on the first day of drilling, known as the ‘spud in’
date, but it is more frequently deployed at a later stage determined by the oil
industry geologist’s research

Fredrikov Group incorporates the latest in computer, electronics and

communication technology for the execution of mud-logging services in
conjunction with Shankai Petroleum of Shanghai China.

SK-CMS is a mud logging system designed by Shenkai with the advanced

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international touch. The instrument integrates many advanced technologies
such as explosion-proof CAN bus technology, Fast chromatographic
techniques, field geological analysis instrument joint application technology
and so on.

Figure2.1: mud logging services

SK-CMS has been widely accepted by people who engaged in logging services
and used in the United States, Russia, India, Pakistan and so on more than 10
countries and regions. It has become a real famous international brand.

Figure 2.1 shows a mud logging unit on site, the internal mudlogging system
and technicians rigging up equipment on site.

These new skid mounted steel-shelled advanced mud logging units designed
and constructed to accommodate equipment to perform computerized mud
logging services and withstand all normally. encountered onshore/offshore
working conditions, all to Oil Company's specifications. We also have a fully
equipped laboratory (maintenance workshop) with maintenance staff and a
large number of spares and supplies for an excellent base support for any mud
logging operations, All standard equipment and services. required for
computerized (Full) mud logging services are available.

2.4.2 SURFACE LOGGING OR TOTAL DRILLING CONTROL (TDC)

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This is a "monitoring and evaluation system" which uses computerized surface
unit that provides analysis of the drilling process from surface measurements
taken during drilling and offers comprehensive well-site data processing and
interpretation enabling real-time decision-making.

TDC is an efficient and effective method of ensuring that oil/gas wells are
drilled maximizing drilling performance, formation evaluation, information
management and safety. Information and services supplied to the Client
personnel are needed to TDC is the heart of our data processing and
interpretation services.

2.4.3 WIRELINE SERVICES

Shuangfeng Oilfield Service Co., Ltd. saspecialized logging, perforating and

production logging service company under the Group. The company is
currently equipped with two 5700 logging imaging systems, four SmartCombo
560 logging imaging systems, one imported multipurpose pump-out memory
logging system, 10 sets of production logging equipment, five perforating
operation teams and a total of 22 logging teams. The company has the service
capacity to carry out open hole logging 600 times, poroduction logging 1,500
times and perforating 800 or more cimes annually. It is also able to
independently process, interpret and evaluate the relevant logging data and
able to provide customers with multi-well evaluation and logging reservoir
evaluation services on the basis of delicate single well interpretation.

2.4.3 Directional Service

Baker Hughes is top-tier oilfield Service Company with a century-long track

record, it delivers solutions that help oil and gas operators make the most of

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their reservoirs.

With 46,000-plus employees in more than 80 countries, the local geomarket

teams work side by side with customers to engineer reliable application-
specific products and services that create more value from the reservoir
whether the application is deep-water, unconventional hydrocarbons or
production and water management

Baker Hughes collaborates with customers to jointly develop technology for

specific industry needs at regional technology centers.

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 CHAPTER THREE

WORK DONE AND EXPERIENCE GAINED

3.0 INTRODUCTION

In the initial week of my SIWES at Fredrikov Petroleum Services, I underwent

an orientation to different company departments, starting with the QHSE
department. Following that, I explored the accounts, administration, security,
and technical departments, specifically focusing on my training in the technical
department for the duration of my internship. Additionally, I gained familiarity
with the diverse equipment utilized in the mud logging industry.

3.1 EQUIPMENTS

During my training at fredrikov I familiarized myself with various equipment

used in the mudlogging industry. Some of them are discussed below.

3.1.1 Gas chromatograph

This is the most important equipment in the mud logging industry. A gas
chromatograph (GC) is an analytical instrument used to separate and analyze
components of a gas mixture. It operates by passing a sample through a
stationary phase inside a column, where different components travel at
varying rates, leading to their separation. Detection of separated components
occurs as they exit the column, providing precise identification and
quantification of substances within the gas sample. Figure 3.1 shows a working
gas chromatograph at the workshop.

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 figure 3.1: SK-3Q04 Chromatograph

3.1.2 HYDROGEN GENERATOR

A hydrogen generator is a simple equipment that produces hydrogen gas from

ionized water through electrolysis. Figure 3.2 is an example of a hydrogen
generator.

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 Figure 3.2: Hydrogen generator

3.1.3 AIR COMPRESSOR

An air compressor, as shown in figure 3.3 is a machine that takes ambient air
from the surroundings and discharges it at a higher pressure.

Figure 3.3: Air compressor

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3.1.4 GAS TRAP

In mud logging, a gas trap is a component of the gas detection system used to
capture and analyze gases released from drilling operations. It allows for the
separation and identification of gases present in drilling mud, providing
valuable information about subsurface formations. The gas trap helps assess
potential hydrocarbon deposits and contributes to the overall evaluation of
drilling conditions during oil and gas exploration. Figure 3.4 shows the
schematic diagram of a gas trap.

Figure 3.4: Gas trap

3.1.5 PROXIMITY SENSORS

In mud logging, a proximity sensor as shown in figure 3.5 is a device used to

detect the presence and proximity of geological formations or certain materials
near the drilling equipment. These sensors help monitor the distance between
the drilling apparatus and the surrounding rock formations, providing valuable
data about the lithology encountered during drilling. This information aids in
the geological analysis of the wellbore, assisting in the identification of
potential hydrocarbon-bearing formations and ensuring efficient drilling
operations.

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 Figure 3.5: Proximity sensor

3.1.6 CH4 and H2S SENSORS

In a mud logging unit, CH4 (methane) and H2S (hydrogen sulfide) sensors, are
crucial for monitoring gas levels during drilling. Figure 3.6 is an example of CH4
sensor These sensors detect and measure concentrations of methane and
hydrogen sulfide in the drilling mud, offering insights into subsurface
formations. Elevated CH4 levels can indicate potential hydrocarbon zones,
while H2S detection is crucial for safety, signaling the presence of a toxic gas.
These sensors play a vital role in assessing drilling conditions and mitigating
risks in oil and gas exploration.

figure 3.6: CH4 sensor

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3.1.7 DESKTOP COMPUTER

This computer is integrated with a DAQ card for data acquisition on the rig and
SQL for data storage. Figure 3.7 is picture taken during the troubleshooting of
this CPU.

figure 3.7: computer cpu

3.1.8 CAN BUS

In mud logging, Controller Area Network (CAN) buses are communication

networks used to link various sensors, instruments, and devices within the
drilling system. These buses facilitate real-time data exchange, enabling
seamless communication between different components involved in mud
logging processes. This interconnected system enhances the efficiency of data
collection, analysis, and transmission during drilling operations.

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 Figure 3.8: Can bus

3.1.9 TORQUE SENSOR

A torque sensor, also known as a torque transducer or torque meter, is a

specialized device designed to measure the torque or rotational force applied
to an object. What is the working principle of torque sensor Torque sensors are
used to measure the amount of torque or turning force applied to a shaft,
component or assembly. They are essential in various applications where
accurate torque measurement is critical.

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 Figure 3.9: Torque sensor

3.1.10 MUD LOGGING UNIT

The main task of a mud logging unit is to monitor and collect all necessary
information to ensure an uninterrupted drilling process. This includes the
measurement of gases, mud flow rates (in and out), temperatures, drill rates,
depth, and pressures.

The mud logging unit houses all the equipment listed above.

Figure 3.10: Mud logging unit

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3.2 WORK DONE AND EXPERIENCE GAINED

This section details the work I accomplished and the experience I gained during
my siwes program at fredrikov petroleum.

3.2.1 SITE VISIT REPORT: ARADEL OGBELE RIG

We embarked on a site visit to the ARADEL Ogbele Rig, departing from the
office at approximately 10 am. The journey, spanning three hours, culminated
in our arrival at the location. Upon entry at the gate, a comprehensive
induction process awaited us, featuring a safety briefing through a short video,
highlighting essential do's and don'ts, and providing alarm codes for
emergency scenarios such as fire and blowouts.

Proceeding to the Health, Safety, and Environment (HSE) office, we received

further instructions, emphasizing the prohibition of mobile devices on the rig
with exceptions delineated in designated green areas. The mandatory use of
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), including coveralls, safety boots, and eye
goggles, was underscored.

Our primary objective was to locate Fredrikovs unit, where we encountered

Mr. Peter, the Assistant Drilling Team (ADT) on site. Mr. Peter graciously
conducted a comprehensive tour, commencing with the pit room. Here, he
elucidated the continuous agitation of drilling mud to prevent congealing and
showcased Miltronics sensors for pit monitoring.

Moving forward, Mr. Peter pointed out the strategic locations of can buses on
the rig, including the pit, rig floor, and shale shaker. The shale shaker,
responsible for obtaining samples from the hole for analysis, was a focal point,
revealing the intriguing process of mud recycling during drilling.

Notable technological features were highlighted, such as the gas trap in the
possum belly, the chains facilitating its adjustment, and the flow lines

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connecting it to a calcium chloride jar for moisture absorption. The gas then
undergoes analysis through a gas chromatograph.

Mr. Peter provided insights into the rig's structural components, including the
rig floor, cricket legs, and the utilization of the elephant leg in lowering the
mast before disassembly for transport. The MWD unit, accommodation area,
and the prominent Top Drive System (TDS) were also part of the detailed tour.

Our journey concluded with a visit to Mr. Peter's accommodation, during

which he pointed out the flow station where drilled oil from the rigs is refined
into various products. The residual byproducts are burnt as flare. In
summation, this site visit was an enlightening experience, offering valuable
insights into the intricacies of rig operations. The firsthand exposure to drilling
equipment, safety protocols, and the overall process has enhanced our
understanding, and I look forward to the prospect of an extended period on a
rig.

3.2.2 Troubleshooting

During my siwes training I was able to learn how to troubleshoot the gas
chromatograph and change basic bad components like the DAQ card the
screen and other parts. I also learnt how to troubleshoot the air compressor
for faults and also fix them. A common fault we encountered in
troubleshooting the air compressor is leakages and capacitor faults which was
easily replaced my me. The hydrogen generator is a pretty strong equipment
so we hardly encountered faults with it. I was able to understand how this
three equipment work real time on the rig. First the hydrogen generator
produces hydrogen gas from ionized water, the air compressor sends
pressurized air to the GC as well and the gas gotten from the gas trap is sent to
the GC for analysis. The total gas part of the GC is ignited with the help of air
from the air compressor and the hydrogen gas for the GC to analyze and the

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percentage gas to be determined.

3.2.3 DATA ACQUISITION

I was taught how signals are received on the data acquisition system on the rig
in real time. For example, the sensors like the pump sensor, depth encoder,
proximity sensor etc. are connected to the can bus where the nodes are
located for data transmission then through the channels on the can bus it is
connected to the auxiliary unit in the mud logging unit and it is then connected
to the the DAQ computer systems where the data is displayed real time on the
screen. Channels on the can bus are numbered 1 to 12, 1 to 6 is for sensors,
7and 8 for pumps then 9 to 12 is for encoders.

3.2.4 TESTING OF SENSORS AND CALIBRATION

During the course of my training, I learnt how to test the sensors used on the
job like nodes, can buses, hook load and Miltronics. I personally tested over
fifty nodes and labeled the bad ones; I calibrated the good ones for upcoming
jobs.

3.2.5 ROUTINE CHECKS AND RUNNING OF UNITS

I routine check of the mud logging units. Turning them on whenever there is
power supply and carrying out housekeeping on them to ensure safe working
conditions. I also learnt how to put these units in pressurization.

3.2.6 CREATIVE MUD LOGGING SOFTWARE

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 Figure 11: installing CMS

This is a Mud logging software typically involves real-time data acquisition,

analysis, and visualization of drilling parameters, geological information, and
other relevant data during the drilling process. This helps geologists and drilling
engineers make informed decisions.

I learnt how to install this software in computer systems and run them, I also
learnt how to read parameters from them like well dept, active pit etc.

3.3.7 PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER

Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) are incorporated in mud logging units

to enhance automation and control processes. Mud logging involves
monitoring and analyzing drilling parameters, geological data, and other
information during the drilling of oil and gas wells.

1. Data Acquisition: PLCs are used to gather real-time data from various
sensors and instruments on the mud logging unit. This data can include
parameters such as drilling rate, mud properties, gas levels, and geological
information.

2. Control Algorithms: PLCs enable the implementation of control algorithms

based on the acquired data. For example, they can be programmed to
automatically adjust drilling parameters or initiate specific actions in response

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to changes in geological formations or well conditions.

3. Safety Systems: PLCs play a crucial role in implementing safety systems on

the mud logging unit. They can monitor critical parameters and trigger alarms
or emergency shutdown procedures in case of abnormal conditions, ensuring
the safety of personnel and equipment for example H2S sensor, smoke
detector and CH4 sensor.

6. Fault Diagnosis: PLCs includes diagnostic capabilities, helping identify and

address issues promptly. This can contribute to minimizing downtime and
optimizing the performance of the mud logging unit.

By incorporating PLCs into mud logging units, operators can achieve a higher
level of automation, precision, and safety in the drilling process. This, in turn,
contributes to improved wellbore understanding and more efficient oil and gas
exploration.

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 CHAPTER FOUR

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

4.0 SUMMARY

The SIWES experience at Fredrikov Petroleum Services provided me a

comprehensive overview of various departments, with a primary focus on the
technical department during the internship. I gained exposure to essential
equipment used in the mud logging industry, including a gas chromatograph,
hydrogen generator, air compressor, gas trap, proximity sensors, CH4 and H2S
sensors, a desktop computer for data acquisition, CAN bus, torque sensor, and
the mud logging unit itself.

I was actively involved in troubleshooting equipment such as the gas

chromatograph and air compressor, learning to identify and rectify faults.
Practical knowledge in data acquisition, testing, calibration of sensors, routine
checks, and running of units was acquired. Additionally, I participated in the

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installation and operation of mud logging software, extracting parameters
crucial for decision-making in drilling processes.

Furthermore, i delved into the workings of Programmable Logic Controllers

(PLCs) in mud logging units, understanding their role in data acquisition,
control algorithms, safety systems, and fault diagnosis. This integration of PLCs
was highlighted as a key factor in achieving automation, precision, and safety
in the drilling process.

4.1 CONCLUSION

The SIWES training at Fredrikov Petroleum Services offered a rich and diverse
learning experience, allowing me to apply theoretical knowledge to real-world
scenarios in the mud logging industry. The exposure to a range of equipment,
troubleshooting techniques, and hands-on tasks contributed to a holistic
understanding of mud logging operations.

Overall, the SIWES training provided valuable insights, enhancing my

proficiency in mud logging procedures and equipping me with practical skills
crucial for a career in the oil and gas industry.

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 REFERENCES

Fredrikov. (2024). Mud Logging Service. Retrieved from

https://www.fredrikov.com/mud-logging-service.html

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