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Interupt

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6 views

Interupt

Uploaded by

tranglinhnguyen2003
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INT 21h / AH=5: Output Character to Printer

 Purpose: Sends a character (stored in the DL register) to the printer.


 Inputs:
o AH = 5: Function number indicating "output character to printer."
o DL = character: The ASCII value of the character to print.
 Output:

o After execution, the AL register contains the same value as DL.

Example : mov ah, 5


mov dl, 'a'
int 21h

INT 21h / AH=6: Direct Console Input or Output

This function performs either direct input from or direct output to the
console, depending on the parameters provided.

 Purpose: Handles raw input/output operations directly with the console.


 Input:
o AH = 6: Specifies the function code.
o If DL = 0xFF (255 in decimal), it reads a character from the
console (input mode).
o Otherwise, DL contains the ASCII value of a character to be
output (output mode).
 Output:

o For input: The character read from the console is returned in AL.
o For output: The character in DL is printed directly to the console.

example:

mov ah, 6
mov dl, 'a'
int 21h ; output character.

mov ah, 6
mov dl, 255
int 21h ; get character from keyboard buffer (if any) or set ZF=1.

INT 21h / AH=7: Direct Console Input Without Echo

This function is used to read a single character from the console (keyboard)
without echoing it to the screen. It allows low-level input without displaying
the entered character.
 Function Code (AH=7): Reads one character from the keyboard buffer.
 Input:
o AH = 7: Specifies the function for direct console input without
echo.
 Output:

o The ASCII value of the key pressed is returned in the AL register.

 Behavior:

o The function waits until a key is pressed.


o The key pressed is not displayed (no echo).
o It does not handle special keys like function keys; only ASCII
characters are returned.

Example:

mov ah, 7
int 21h

INT 21h / AH=9: output of a string at DS:DX. String must be terminated


by '$'.

This DOS interrupt function outputs a null-terminated string (terminated by a


$ character) to the screen via the standard output.

 Function Code (AH=9): Displays a string to the console.


 Inputs:
o AH = 9: Specifies the function to display a string.
o DX: Points to the memory address where the string starts.
 Outputs:

o Displays the string on the screen.


o Stops when it encounters a $ character (this character is not
displayed).

Example:

org 100h
mov dx, offset msg
mov ah, 9
int 21h
ret
msg db "hello world $"
INT 21h / AH=0Ah: Buffered Input

This DOS interrupt function allows the user to input a string from the
keyboard into a buffer. It provides a more controlled way to handle user input,
including limiting the length of the input.

 Function Code (AH=0Ah): Reads a string from the keyboard into a


buffer.
 Input:
o AH = 0Ah: Specifies the buffered input function.

 Output:

o The number of characters entered is stored at offset 1 of the


buffer.
o The actual string is stored starting at offset 2, terminated by CR
(ASCII 13).

Example:

org 100h
mov dx, offset buffer
mov ah, 0ah
int 21h
jmp print
buffer db 10,?, 10 dup(' ')
print:
xor bx, bx
mov bl, buffer[1]
mov buffer[bx+2], '$'
mov dx, offset buffer + 2
mov ah, 9
int 21h
ret
the function does not allow to enter more characters than the specified buffer
size.
see also int21.asm in c:\emu8086\examples

INT 21h with AH = 0Bh

is a DOS interrupt function that is used for console input. Specifically, it waits
for the user to press a key, reads the input from the keyboard, and stores the
result in a buffer.
INT AH = 0Bh: This is the DOS interrupt function for reading a
character from the keyboard.

Input:

o AL: This must be set to a value that specifies the input mode:
 AL = 0: Waits for a key press and returns the key in AL.
 AL = 1: Waits for a key press but does not echo the
character to the screen (useful for password input).
o DX: Points to the buffer where the character will be stored.

Output

o The character pressed will be returned in AL (the ASCII value of


the key).
o CF (Carry Flag) is cleared on success, set on error (e.g., invalid
input).

Example Code (in Assembly):

mov ah, 0Bh ; Function to read a character from the keyboard mov dx, offset
buffer ; Address of the buffer to store the key

int 21h ; Call DOS interrupt ;

Now the character will be in AL and also stored at 'buffer'

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