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Lecture # 1

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15 views30 pages

Lecture # 1

Uploaded by

chalilateef123
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Construction Practices (CE-211)

Different Types of Construction


Equipment

Engr. Dr. Muhammad Haseeb Alvi


Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering

UNIVERSITY OF M ANAGEMENT
AND TECHNOLOGY LAHORE
Construction Equipment
• Construction equipment is those machines that are used to
perform certain tasks on a construction site. It can be digging,
moving, hauling, and even leveling.
• Looking at the functions of these types of equipment, these can
be categorized into 4 subheadings:
i. Earth-moving Equipment
ii. Construction Vehicles
iii. Material Handling Equipment
iv. Construction Equipment
Earth-Moving Equipment
As the name suggests, this type of equipment is used to
move soil, sand, and other earthbound materials. Earth-
moving activities require multipurpose machinery that can
efficiently carry out tasks like loading, unloading, breaking
rocks, grading soils, drilling, and landscaping.
Excavators:
This is the most common type of earth-moving equipment.
Almost all construction projects require the use of
excavators. These heavy-duty equipment make use of their
movable bucket attachment. It can be used for digging,
drilling, excavation, and demolition work.
Excavators
Earth-Moving Equipment
Backhoe Loader:

You may have heard of tractor excavators, loader excavators,


or diggers. These are a few names this equipment is also
referred to as. The Backhoe Loader comes equipped with a
variety of attachments that perform various functions like
stump grinding, digging, and landscaping. It can also be used
as a lightweight transportation loader.
Backhoe Loader
Earth-Moving Equipment
Motor Grader:
Motor grades are commonly used for leveling purposes
or providing a finishing grade to the ground surface.
They have a uniquely structured blade attached
underneath the vehicle, between its front and rear tires.
This adjustable blade provides precision and refinement
in the process of leveling to provide a quality surface
finish.
Motor Grader
Earth-Moving Equipment
Skid-Steer Loader:
This equipment has similar functions to that of an
excavator. Skid-steer loaders use a lifting arm at the
front. Using different attachment varieties, this loader
can come in handy on small-scale construction sites. Its
compact size can have added benefits. For example, a
skid-steer loader can be used for digging a swimming
pool or basements.
Skid-steer Loader
Earth-Moving Equipment
Bulldozer:

Also known as a crawler, bulldozer is a heavy-duty


equipment that is used for pushing soil or other
materials during construction. It comes with a metal
plate attachment that can even loosen densely packed
soil. Bulldozers are used in road building, quarrying,
mining, and various other applications.
Bulldozer
Construction Vehicles
Dumpers/Dumper Trucks:

The primary use of dumpers or dumper trucks is to transport


materials like soil, gravel, and construction waste to and
from the construction site. Dumpers come with an open-box
bed that can be hinged by its hydraulically controlled rams.
Dumpers/Dumper Trucks
Construction Vehicles
Trailers:

Transportation of large, heavy cargo can be done with the


help of trailers. These are non-powered plain bed
attachments that can be mounted to a motor vehicle (mainly
trucks) to transport material or parts. Trailers are also used
for different purposes like transporting cars, becoming the
base of mobile homes, forming travel trailers, etc.
Trailers
Material Handling Equipment
Materials like glass panels, frames, boxes, and various other
building parts need to be transported from one place to another.
Material handling equipment can be used for tasks like these.
Cranes:
It would be impossible to build high-rise buildings or roads without
the use of cranes. This equipment is designed to lift and move
materials in different directions. Depending on your requirements,
you can choose from a variety of crane types. The commonly used
crane types are static cranes, tower cranes, and hammerhead cranes.
Cranes
Material Handling Equipment
Forklifts:

Forklifts are used in almost every stage of a construction


process and can come in handy for moving small and
large materials. Mainly used in warehouses, these
contain a movable two-prong attachment that can be
moved vertically. Forklifts come in various sizes and
weight options. So depending on the utility, one can
choose the correct size of forklift.
Forklifts
Material Handling Equipment
Conveyors:

Another way to transport heavy loads is with conveyors. It is


one of the most commonly used mechanical components in
construction. Conveyors make use of a belt drive that is
attached to a motor. It makes handling easier and optimizes
the space and workflow.
Conveyors
Construction Equipment
Concrete Mixers:

Concrete is one of the main materials used in construction.


The main purpose of a concrete mixer is to mix cement,
water, sand, and other additives to make concrete. These can
come in either stationary or movable mixers. The continuous
mixing process provides the worker ample time to use the
concrete before it solidifies.
Concrete Mixers
Construction Equipment
Road Rollers:

The main purpose of a road roller is to flatten the surface and


make the loose soil more compact. Road Rollers use their
self-weight to apply enough pressure to bind the foundation
materials in place. Road rollers come in different types
mainly – grid rollers, smooth-wheeled, and pneumatic tyred
rollers.
Road Rollers
Construction Equipment
Crushers:

Untouched demolition waste can be difficult to dispose of


due to its sheer size. Crushers are used to break down any
large pieces, which makes it easier to either dispose of or
recycle these pieces. Crushers come in different sizes and
power grades, so depending on the project, it is vital to
choose the right crusher size. In most cases, crushers save
massive amounts of time and labor.
Crushers
Factors Affecting the Selection of Construction
Equipment
• Project Scale: Larger projects require heavy machinery for
speed and efficiency.
• Terrain and Soil Type: Soft soils may require lighter
equipment, while rocky or hard soils need heavy-duty
machinery.
• Project Timeline: Tight deadlines necessitate more machines
or higher-capacity equipment.
• Cost of Equipment vs. Labor: Equipment is chosen based on
whether it reduces overall costs, considering labor, fuel, and
maintenance.
Factors Affecting the Selection of Construction
Equipment
• Availability of Skilled Operators: Equipment requiring

skilled operators may not be viable if such labor is scarce.

• Site Accessibility: Remote or hard-to-reach areas may limit

the types of equipment that can be used.

• Weather Conditions: Weather can affect machinery

performance, such as muddy conditions limiting movement.

• Environmental Regulations: Restrictions on emissions, noise,

and dust can impact equipment choices.

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