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Singularity Finance

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Singularity Finance

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Introduction
The advent of a new financial model known as DeFi (Decentralised Finance)
marked a paradigm shift, introducing permissionless, onchain financial services
freely available to all who had access to the internet. However, this innovation came
with inherent risks, for example, a significant amount of DeFi tokens lacked tangible
backing. This resulted in extreme price volatility, speculative bubbles, and
challenges in fundamental valuations.

Cue tokenisation of real-world assets: a process within which traditional offchain

assets are brought onchain, with the most prevalent example being fiat-backed
stablecoins. This went on to become a dominant trend with various asset classes
following after, such as commodities, real estate or other financial assets. Yet, one
of the most promising applications of tokenisation is now emerging in the AI sector,
giving rise to AI-Fi (AI Finance) - a new financial framework centred around AI-
focused assets and AI-driven services.

This new business model brings onchain both tangible and intangible RWAs,
spanning from GPUs and Data Centres to APIs and Cloud Services.

AI-Fi taps into the vast potential of the AI economy by tokenising a diverse range of
AI-related assets, creating opportunities for global markets to exchange and
monetise these assets. Thanks to tokenisation the ownership and liquidity for
datasets, compute power, and other AI-related assets are enhanced, opening new
onchain markets in the rapidly expanding AI sector. Moreover, it bridges the gap
between artificial intelligence development and decentralised finance, allowing for
unprecedented monetisation opportunities.

Tokenisation sees the perfect marriage of new and traditional assets with the
blockchain, offering a myriad of potential benefits whilst adapting to a new
emerging technology that is set to change the business landscape once more.

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Background
Much like the transformative impact of the internet, tokenisation has the capacity to
revolutionise the way we perceive and engage with assets, ushering in a new era of
business models. This, in the finance circles, has been defined as a ‘killer use case’
by the likes of Citigroup, and is speculated to be the gateway to mass adoption of
cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology, with BlackRock further highlighting
this as the ‘fastest-growing tech in years’, outpacing historical adoption rates of
major innovations like the internet and mobile phones.

Tokenisation of real-world assets is in fact rapidly emerging as a disruptive force in

finance, with experts estimating that the tokenised asset market could exceed $16
trillion by 2030, representing 10% of global GDP according to research from Boston
Consulting Group.

The AI economy in particular presents a significant opportunity for tokenisation,

with the Global Artificial Intelligence industry revenue expected to be around $1.8
trillion by 2030.

Thus, we are proposing the merger where the combined talents, technologies, and
resources of Cogito Finance, SingularityDAO, and SelfKey, create a powerhouse
both in the tokenisation and AI-powered financial sector: Singularity Finance.

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Merger
The Merger
The three pioneering companies, SingularityDAO, Cogito Finance, and SelfKey, aim
to join forces, combining their complementary technologies with the aim to launch
an EVM Layer-2 designed to tokenise and integrate critical segments of the AI
economy.

Each company offers unique strengths:

• SingularityDAO: A decentralised portfolio management protocol designed to

democratise access to advanced crypto asset management tools. As a key
player in the Artificial Superintelligence Alliance (ASI) and SingularityNET
ecosystem, SingularityDAO has positioned itself as the central hub for
decentralised finance. A core tenet of its mission is user empowerment and
accessibility, emphasising the importance of making AI-driven financial
opportunities available to all through a non-custodial platform. SingularityDAO
stands at the forefront of revolutionising finance through decentralisation and AI
with their upcoming AI-driven DynaVaults.
• Cogito Finance: An SingularityNET ecosystem company that brings traditional
assets onchain for increased liquidity, security, and transparency. Cogito
Finance has set up a regulatory and technological framework for RWA
tokenisation, with U.S. Treasury Bills currently onchain and more tokenised
products in the pipeline.
• SelfKey: A blockchain-based identity platform that enables individuals and
organisations to securely manage and control their digital identities, enhancing
compliance with KYC requirements through decentralised technology. With a
team experienced in decentralised identity since 2014 across major companies,
SelfKey aims to revolutionise the KYC onboarding process by lowering costs,
improving security, and upholding the principles of self-sovereign identity.

Founders of all three organisations jointly envision a future where blockchain and
decentralised AI work together to provide secure, compliant, and transparent
financial opportunities to the masses: AI-Fi.

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AI-Fi will drive the next wave of innovation in both decentralised AI and DeFi by
democratising access to the AI economy and providing high quality RWA-backed
yield and assets to network participants.

As a part of the SingularityNET ecosystem, both Cogito Finance and SingularityDAO

bring a wealth of knowledge in the decentralised artificial intelligence sector,
bringing innovation to its financial primitives and its future.

The new entity born from the merging of Cogito Finance, SingularityDAO, and
SelfKey will be known as Singularity Finance, and will be committed to
democratising access to the global AI economy by:

• Creating an interoperable blockchain network with speed, safety and

sustainable economics embedded in its foundation, thereby fostering a positive
ecosystem for growth.
• Fostering the inclusiveness of the global AI economy through the tokenisation
of AI assets, allowing a broader range of users to participate in the
opportunities that the AI value chain offers.
• Bringing RWAs onchain to create a decentralised market where users can earn
high-quality compliant yield.
• Empowering users with self-sovereign digital identity tools that guarantee
privacy, compliance, and security through blockchain. This advancement not
only streamlines compliance with regulatory requirements but also fosters trust
among participants in the decentralised ecosystem.
• Offering robust and sophisticated AI-driven financial tools that automate asset
allocation, risk management, and analytics.

This merger will lead to combining talents, technologies, and resources of these
three companies, forming a formidable entity within the AI-powered finance sector.
Each entity's unique strengths will play a vital role in the post-merger development
and success of Singularity Finance.

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Market Opportunity
"Generative AI is the largest TAM expansion of software and hardware that we've
seen in several decades."
— Jensen Huang, President and CEO of Nvidia- Q3 2024 earnings call

Over the last few years artificial intelligence (AI) has evolved into a transformative
force having the potential to disrupt industries and economies around the world.
The rise of generative AI models have impacted almost every sector with
organisations rapidly adapting to the change to enhance their operational
efficiency.

AI's impact extends beyond current operations, driving innovation and the creation
of new markets. Whether it is financial services, healthcare, manufacturing or
infrastructure, AI is boosting efficiency, unlocking new revenue opportunities
thereby accelerating growth. According to the International Data Corporation (IDC),
AI business spending and adoption will have a cumulative global economic impact
of $19.6 trillion through 2030.

This rapid expansion of AI applications has led to an unprecedented demand for

resource and infrastructure investments. Global data centre demand is expected to
grow at a CAGR of 12% to 15% between now and 2030, resulting in the construction
spending to exceed $303 billion during this period. Moreover, the need for AI
infrastructure would also result in a power demand surge, which according to
Goldman Sachs is expected to rise by about 200 terawatt-hours (TWh) between
2024 and 2030, potentially representing 20% of overall data center power demand
by 2030. This energy demand is driven by the computational intensity of AI training
and inference work.

This expected demand underscores the need for hardware and energy in
supporting AI advancements. The explosive growth in compute demand can be
seen in the performance of Nvidia, a leader in AI hardware and software solutions,
which has seen its quarterly data centre revenue growing 154% yoy to $26b
accounting for 86% of its total revenue for the quarter. The guidance for further
growth clearly suggests that the surge in demand is not going to slow down
anytime soon.

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Despite the substantial growth and opportunities presented by AI, the current
market landscape poses significant challenges:

• High Entry Barriers: Substantial capital investment and technical expertise are
required to participate in the AI market leaving smaller organisations on the
sidelines.
• Concentration of Capital: With large corporations such as Nvidia attracting a
major chunk of the capital, smaller players do not have the resources to take
part in this technological revolution.
• Limited opportunity: Due to the nascent stage of this technology, there is a lack
of adequate knowledge and information which, in turn, has kept the wider
public away from this significant growth opportunity.

These challenges can be resolved by AI-Fi (AI Finance), a financial framework

centred around AI-focused assets and AI-driven services via:

• Tokenised AI Compute: AI-Fi enables asset owners to monetise their

computing resources through tokenisation, creating an open market while
maintaining control thereby lowering barriers to entry fostering inclusivity and
broader participation.
• Enhanced Security and Transparency: Since the entire history is onchain, it is
easy to demonstrate the chain of custody and ownership as well as ensure
necessary compliance enforcements on privacy and consent regulations.
• Fair Economics and Innovative Monetisation: Tokenisation allows AI value
chain asset owners to monetise future revenue streams while providing network
rewards to users who participate strengthening the network.
• Composability: By being integrated into other networks and DeFi protocols,
tokenised AI assets form powerful new types of onchain primitives.
• Enhanced Liquidity: Advanced AI algorithms can provide efficient risk
management and liquidity solutions thereby removing the inefficiencies in
financial markets.
• Simplified UX: Autonomous AI agents will streamlined user onboarding as well
as abstract away the complexities involved in blockchain and financial
transactions.

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Tokenise, Monetise and

Decentralise the AI Economy

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Hardware Layer
The hardware layer which serves as one of the backbones of AI, providing the
essential processing power needed for inference and training of AI models.

Data centres consist of a bespoke set up of land, energy sources, and hardware
assets such as graphics processing units (GPUs) and central processing units
(CPUs) to fulfil the required computation demand. The recent exponential increase
in demand for compute has opened a lucrative yield-generation opportunity in the
area. Artificial Superintelligence Alliance (ASI) members SingularityNET and
Fetch.ai are both investing heavily in data centres, whilst Cudos provides a
decentralised marketplace for AI compute for data centres worldwide to access
compute on the blockchain

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Platforms
Platforms are cloud services that provide access to hardware and development
tools. In the Web2 space, we see various providers such as Amazon AWS,
Microsoft Azure, Google GCP etc., that allow users to leverage their platform to
access compute power and run their applications. In the Web3 space, a more
decentralised approach is fast emerging as the more accessible and cost-effective
alternative.

Tokenised platforms represent a stake in decentralised computing protocols, such

as those offered by Cudos and NuNet. Thus, creators can easily rent out servers
and create on-demand virtual machines to run their models and applications.

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Foundation Models
and Knowledge Graphs
Foundation models are large-scale, pre-trained AI models, trained on a large set of
data, that can be fine-tuned for specific tasks. They significantly reduce
development time and resources by providing a robust general purpose model for
building applications. Open AI's GPT-4, Google's Gemini, Facebook's Llama etc. are
a few examples of Web2 LLM models. However, these models are not only trained
on text but also extend to audio and images, providing an opportunity to build a
truly multimodal application. In the Web3 space, SingularityNET is at the forefront
of building foundation models with OpenCog Hyperon being a leading example of a
fully decentralised AI framework being developed within the blockchain space.

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Model Hubs
Model hubs are platforms for developers to share, discover, and access AI models,
promoting collaboration and accelerating AI development. Hugging Face is one of
the biggest platforms for foundational models. However, we also see similar
platforms in the Web3 space, with SingulairtyNET's AI marketplace and Fetch.ai’s
AgentVerse which allow developers to publish their models and services for other
users to consume.

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Applications
Applications are AI-powered software solutions that deliver value to end-users.
They leverage foundation models and platforms to perform data analysis,
automation, and decision support tasks.

This layer caters to the end users and comprises applications and software
solutions that deliver direct value to consumers. These applications leverage AI
models and platforms to provide users with a scalable and reliable service. With the
rise of Gen AI, we have seen significant applications of these services in various
sectors ranging from healthcare to finance. Even traditional human-reliant services
like call centres are moving towards AI-driven communication. In the Web3 space,
Fetch has been a leading figure in the area with its agent framework. We also see a
few players, such as SingularityDAO, NumerAI, and Wisdomise, in the DeFi space.

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Services
This layer includes professional services, consulting, and support for integrating AI
into business operations. Consulting services provide core support to traditional
organisations, allowing them to adopt AI or turn around their businesses. In the
Web3 ecosystem, we see similar models, such as the Singularity Venture Hub
(SVH) providing expert services to Web2 and Web3 companies. Moreover,
SingularityNET and Fetch.ai also provide specialised services for companies to
make them AI-ready.

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Data: Monetising Data Contributions

Though Data is not explicitly listed as a component in the AI economy, it plays a
crucial role at almost every step. GPUs crunch terabytes of data stored in data
centres, leading to the development of foundation models, which are, in turn, used
by applications and services.

Over the years, we have seen the rise of Data unions such as Swash and Streamr
that reward users for providing data and helping create the data economy. Ocean
Protocol, for example, provides a platform for such providers/unions to operate
effectively. They can then sell the data on the marketplace. Ocean’s robust
framework ensures that the data follows the required laws of the operating
countries. The users providing the data would be rewarded via a part of the fee
generated by consumers of the data.

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SFI Value Proposition

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Dedicated Layer-2 for AI Economy

Unlocking the full potential of a tokenised AI economy faces significant challenges
that need to be addressed

1. Liquidity Constraints: Infrastructure assets such as data centres and hardware,

are inherently illiquid, making it difficult to manage effectively.
2. Complex Valuation: Lack of peer comparison data and the need for specialised
knowledge makes it difficult to value these assets correctly.
3. Limited Accessibility: High entry costs and regulatory barriers limit the
opportunities to a few players.
4. Onboarding Traditional Companies: Web2 AI companies, unfamiliar with
blockchain technology are hesitant to adopt it due to perceived risks and
regulatory uncertainties.

Singularity Finance’s Layer-2 (L2) addresses these challenges by building features

and products specially tailored for the AI economy. Some of the advantages of the
Layer-2 are:

1. Enhanced Scalability and Efficiency

• High Throughput: The Layer-2 network provides significant advantages over

the Ethereum mainnet. Able to handle a substantially higher transaction volume,
the L2 provides a much-needed scalability solution.
• Low Transaction Costs: By processing transactions on the L2 and batching
them onto the mainnet, the Layer-2 solution reduces gas fees, making small and
microtransactions economically viable.

2. Improved Liquidity Through Composability

• DeFi Integration: Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) compatibility of the

Singularity Finance L2 allows for integration with existing decentralised finance
(DeFi) protocols. This opens avenues to building a much wider array of
sophisticated financial services.

Examples include:

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• Collateralisation: Enhances the utility of these assets, promotes liquidity and

enables creation of complex financial products.
• Restaking: Can be employed in yield farming or liquidity provisioning,
generating multiple income streams out of the same initial investment.
• AI Infrastructure Futures & Options: Contracts allowing operators to hedge
and/or lock-in the future prices of AI computing power.
• AI Asset Index Funds: Creation of a diversified portfolio tracking the
performance of various AI tech-stack tokens.

3. Fair and Transparent Valuation Mechanisms

• Market Discovery: As more protocols and products launch onchain, the active
trading and enhanced liquidity will allow effective determination of asset prices.
This will provide a better benchmarking scale for such assets, something
currently missing in the AI economy leading to inefficient pricing.

4. Increased Accessibility for Users and Companies

• Regulatory Compliance Frameworks: Singularity Finance L2 will include

integrated compliance features, including onchain identity verification and AML
checks. This would not only fulfil necessary regulatory requirements but also
instil confidence in traditional Web2 companies considering blockchain
adoption.
• Educational Resources and Support: Singularity Finance framework will
provide the much needed guidance and support to help traditional AI
companies navigate through the complexities of tokenisation.

5. Collaborative Ecosystem Development

• Attracting Developers and Innovators: Singularity Finance L2 will serve as the

base for developers and innovators to build and deploy AI-focused applications
and services.
• Ecosystem Synergy: By focusing on various components of the AI value chain,
Singularity Finance will be able to utilise the network effect enhancing the value
and utility for all participants.

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6. Strategic Alignment with SingularityNET and the Artificial Superintelligence

Alliance (ASI)

By leveraging the network of SingularityNET, a leader in artificial intelligence,

Singularity Finance can integrate and work with some of the most innovative
institutions in the world. A few of the benefits of being a member of the ecosystem
include:

• Comprehensive Coverage of the AI Value Chain: With an exhaustive list of

partners in the wider ecosystem, Singularity Finance can tokenise both tangible
assets (like data centres and hardware) and intangible assets (such as data,
applications and services), addressing every stage of the AI economy.
• Acceleration of Market Growth: By working with the leading player in the
Decentralised AI ecosystem, Singularity Finance is poised for significant growth
and can establish itself as the centre of excellence for tokenisation of AI
Economy.

Strategically Deployed Technology: The SFI Layer-2 Network

The dedicated Layer-2 network of Singularity Finance is a technical and strategic

solution tailored to overcome the specific challenges of tokenising the AI economy.
This specialised network facilitates the creation of new financial products, ensures
fair asset valuations through transparent market mechanisms, and broadens
accessibility by integrating with the broader AI and blockchain ecosystems.

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Core Pillars of the SFI L2

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AI-Centric dApp
AI-Centric dApp
The Singularity Finance (d)Apps are built with a keen focus on enabling the
onboarding of the next wave of the AI economy, tackling the core challenges faced
by existing Web3. Singularity Finance will provide key solutions to resolve
challenges such as complex onboarding, fragmented liquidity, difficulty in fiat
on/offramp etc. and enable deep integration of decentralised finance (DeFi)
applications with the AI ecosystem.

The platform will offer a seamless and intuitive interface to manage and trade
various positions. Integrated with onchain account abstraction, the Layer-2 network
will abstract away the complexity of key management. Moreover, users will be able
to track and manage their positions in real-time across protocols, supported by AI-
driven insights and recommendations.

Singularity Finance provides a robust suite of DeFi services, including staking and
yield farming services, where users can earn rewards by staking their SFI tokens or
providing liquidity to AI asset pools. Additionally, lending and borrowing product
offerings will enable users to leverage their tokenised AI assets as collateral,
unlocking liquidity without the need to liquidate their holdings.

Enhanced compliance and security are also ensured through onchain identity
verification and rigorously audited smart contracts and platform codebase.

Interoperability with existing DeFi protocols is ensured by Singularity Finance’s

solutions using EVM technology which ensures not only enhanced liquidity and
valuation of AI assets whilst also democratising access to the AI economy.

Singularity Finance allows its users to benefit from a secure, cost-effective, and
user-friendly DeFi ecosystem built from the ground up to serve the unique needs of
the incoming AI-Fi revolution.

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Tokenisation Framework
Singularity Finance provides a robust and scalable framework to support
institutions in transitioning real-world assets and AI-related assets onto the
blockchain.

Leveraging an established legal and regulatory infrastructure, Singularity Finance

enables the creation of fully compliant tokenised funds, ensuring security,
transparency, and liquidity for both retail and institutions. The platform supports the
entire tokenisation lifecycle from onboarding and compliance to token issuance,
secondary market trading, and value tracking—offering institutions and asset
holders a seamless way to interact with new onchain markets while meeting
regulatory requirements.

Singularity Finance will leverage Cogito’s existing legal framework to tokenise AI-
related financial assets as it already boasts a Segregated Portfolio Company which
allows Singularity Finance to launch several tokenised funds. This is in addition to
TFUND, the first of Cogito’s suite of products, which is backed by U.S. Treasury
Bills.

The existing set-up boasts a number of safeguards for users including:

• Full Compliance: The Segregated Portfolio Company is registered as a Mutual

Fund, regulated by the Cayman Islands Monetary Authority and fully compliant
with all relevant regulations.
• Offchain Custody: Underlying financial assets are stored offchain by a
reputable custodian and are therefore not subject to any onchain risks such as
hacking and de-pegging. The legal structure of the fund as a standalone
collective investment vehicle ensures that it is bankruptcy remote from
Singularity Finance.
• Reputable and Independent Service Providers: The fund only works with
reputable service providers which are fully licensed and independent from the
fund, therefore adding an additional layer of governance and oversight.

The tokenisation framework supports a wide variety of assets and use cases
across the AI economy.

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Lastly, one of the most significant challenges of non-financial asset tokenisation is

the lack of a secondary market. To address this, Singularity Finance will set up
liquidity pools to facilitate redemption of tokens.

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Identity Solutions
With SelfKey, Singularity Finance already has a robust identity solution in place that
allows individuals to maintain their identity on the blockchain. The L2 will feature
onchain user identities, allowing protocols and RWA projects to build permissioned
as well as non-permissioned products on the same chain, with permissioned
products relying on them thus remaining compliant with AML regulations.

Identities will include the following due diligence checks which can be periodically
refreshed:

• KYC: Used for onboarding individuals, these checks usually require the user's
PII such as name, date of birth, passport, and, in some cases, selfie or liveness
checks.
• KYB: Used for onboarding business and institutions. These checks are more
comprehensive and depend on the organisational structure and jurisdiction.
Comprehensive checks might involve checking address, organisation charts,
and beneficial owners.
• Wallet Screening: This includes AML (anti-money laundering), TF (terrorist
financing), and sanctions checks on wallet addresses. Every address has a risk
associated based on its previous transaction history.

Singularity Finance will partner with various existing KYC solutions to build a
comprehensive library of compatible third party vendors, making user onboarding
as flexible as possible. Users that have verified their identity onchain will be able to
use their existing KYC data seamlessly across apps.

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use

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Multi-Strategy Vaults
Multi-Strategy Vaults
Singularity Finance also offers a solution to manage and optimise RWA portfolios
based on SingularityDAO’s existing DynaVaults proposition. These vaults not only
allow users to manage their portfolio across a spectrum of tokenised assets and
strategies, but also leverage AI and Machine Learning in managing risks. These
multi-asset, multi-strategy vaults with advanced AI-driven risk and automated
execution engine represent a significant advancement in the management of
tokenised real-world assets.

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Some of the core features are:

• Risk Engine: The AI powered risk engine keeps real time track of various
onchain risks. It analyses blockchain to detect anomalies, potential adverse
market movements, vulnerabilities etc. allowing dynamic adjustment of
positions.
• Execution Engine: Automated execution engine brings transparency to the
trading infrastructure which not only adds efficiency but also reduces
requirement for human intervention and biases.

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• Liquidity Management: The vaults actively manage liquidity risks, ensuring

assets can be reallocated or liquidated swiftly in response to market changes.
This is a very crucial aspect in the highly volatile crypto market and the new
asset class of tokenised AI economy.
• Optimal Capital Deployment: The various Machine learning algorithms make
sure that the capital is deployed optimally across different assets and
strategies, allowing for maximum returns while managing risks.
• Interoperability via ERC-4626: Built on the ERC-4626 standard, the vaults
ensure seamless integration within the Ethereum ecosystem ensuring ease of
adoption process for users and developers.
• Diversification: Different types of users can gain exposure to a wide array of
yield-bearing assets and strategies.
• Non-Custodial Security: The vaults are fully non-custodial, aligned with the
decentralised principles of blockchain technology and enhances asset security
by eliminating third-party custodians.

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Auxiliary Features

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AI-Driven Market Making

AI-Driven Market Making and Liquidity Provisioning

As DeFi applications are integral use cases on Singularity Finance, we are facing
the challenges inherent to the DeFi space. One of the key issues for emerging
protocols is the limited or fragmented liquidity pools, which lead to various price
inefficiencies. Singularity Finance addresses this challenge with its innovative AI-
driven market-making solution.

Our AI-powered market-making algorithms continuously monitor and automatically

adjust liquidity pools to balance supply and demand, ensuring deep and consistent
liquidity across all traded AI assets. This non-custodial system provides tighter
spreads and creates a level playing field for all market participants. It's particularly
beneficial for newer, small-cap AI tokens, offering them an efficient price discovery
mechanism. With its customisable parameters, the system can adapt to various
market conditions and regulatory requirements, making it a robust and future-proof
solution for the AI-focused DeFi ecosystem on Singularity Finance.

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Prediction Market
Prediction Markets

Another important application of SFI is the prediction market, which harnesses

collective intelligence to provide valuable insights into AI trends and project
outcomes. Singularity Finance will collaborate with Ocean Protocol and the Artificial
Superintelligence Alliance (ASI) ecosystem to develop a compliant prediction
market based on advanced predictor engines. This integration will enable users to
make informed forecasts on future AI developments, enhancing decision-making
capabilities for users and developers within the SFI ecosystem.

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On/Off Ramps
On/Off Ramps

Singularity Finance understands that converting fiat to crypto and vice versa is one
of the biggest challenges faced by interested parties when onboarding to any
blockchain ecosystem. Cogito has an existing infrastructure in place for fiat on/off
ramp solutions which allows acquisition and redemption of tokens in fiat and
crypto. This is achieved through partnerships with licensed third parties as well as
the use of the fund’s own bank account. Singularity Finance will expand the fiat on
and off ramp solutions through partnerships to deliver an enhanced experience to
its users.

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Tokenised Data Centres

Using Singularity Finance’s tokenisation framework will unlock the tokenisation of
data centres as part of its mission of bringing the fast-growing AI value chain onto
the blockchain.

Opportunity in Data Centre Tokenisation

The continued growth of AI technologies is leading to an unprecedented demand

for high-performance compute and supporting infrastructure. Data centres,
containing servers and highly specialised hardware, are central to meeting the
increasing demands of this new era of AI. The tokenisation of data centres presents
a lucrative opportunity, allowing operators to raise capital for expansion whilst
offering users access to the burgeoning AI infrastructure market.

Advantages Over Tokenising Individual GPUs

Whilst tokenising individual or small clusters of GPUs is seemingly appealing, it

introduces substantial challenges such as hardware maintenance, physical
relocation, and supply chain constraints. In contrast, tokenising parts of even entire
data centres mitigates these issues by placing focus on established facilities and
locations with existing operational frameworks, energy agreements, and client

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bases. This approach greatly reduces associated risks while increasing efficiency
and opportunity for all the involved parties.

Benefits of Data Centre tokenisation

Tokenised data centres serve as a foundational asset within the AI-Fi ecosystem,
offering several strategic advantages:

• Capital for Acceleration: Operators can raise funds for facility expansion and
upgrade by issuing tokens that represent a portion of the revenue generated by
the data centre.
• Fractional Ownership: tokenisation allows for fractional ownership of large data
centres. This gives retail users and small entities an opportunity to take part in
the growth of the AI economy which has traditionally been limited to the big
institutions.
• Revenue Participation: Participants can tap into the steady income generated
by these data centres and the AI compute services run on them, receiving
reliable yield based on the performance of the data centre.
• Enhanced Liquidity: Tokens can be traded without affecting the operation of
the data centre, providing flexibility and liquidity in a highly streamlined and
efficient manner.

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Tokenisation Process
for Data Centres
Tokenisation Process for Data Centres

Valuation

• Asset Assessment: Singularity Finance’s tokenisation framework takes into

account the hardware specifications, energy efficiency, operational capacity,
and existing contract of the data centre to complete the necessary due
diligence.
• Financial Modelling: Future cash flows, operational & sunk costs, and
corresponding risks are used to determine the facility's value.

Legal Structuring

• Regulatory Compliance: Setup a regulatory-compliant legal entity customised

for tokenisation of the data centres.

Onboarding

• Identity Verification: Singularity Finance's onchain identity solutions are used to

complete the KYC & KYB checks to ensure compliance.
• Accreditation (if required): Verify eligibility based on specific regulations and
product line.

Token Issuance

• Token Creation: Minted tokens will have rights to a portion of the data centre's
revenue. Initial pricing to be based on the financial models completed during
due diligence.
• Distribution: Allocate tokens directly to whitelisted participants, granting them
the economic rights outlined in offering documents.

Revenue Distribution

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• Income Generation: The data centre earns revenue by providing computing

resources to AI companies, cloud service providers, and other clients.
• Regular Payouts: Earnings are distributed to the token holders at a regular
schedule (e.g., monthly or quarterly) as detailed in the offer documents.

Monitoring and Reporting

• Operational Transparency: Key metrics regarding various operational points are

reported onchain for visibility.
• Financial Updates: Regular financial updates are provided to maintain
transparency and trust.

Permissioned Secondary Market Trading

• Liquidity Provision: Approved secondary markets on Singularity Finance L2 will

be established where tokens can be traded.
• DeFi Integration: Tokens can be used as collateral in permissioned DeFi
platforms, such as lending pools and staking protocols, enhancing capital
efficiency.

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Tokenomics and Utility

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Token Merge & Allocations

As part of the merger, the three existing tokens SDAO, CGV, and KEY would be
converted into SFI tokens, thereby creating a single decentralised governance
token used across the platform. The token merge will bring the utility of the three
protocols within a single token.

In the initial phase the SFI token would be available on Ethereum and BNB Chain.

The token conversion rates for the migration to SFI are as follows:

• SDAO will convert to SFI at a ratio of 1:8.0353 (1 SDAO = 8.0353 SFI)

• CGV will convert to SFI at a ratio of 1:1.0890 (1 CGV = 1.0890 SFI)
• KEY will convert to SFI at a ratio of 1:0.1 (1 KEY = 0.1 SFI)
This process will result in an initial supply of 2,492,523,711.7 SFI tokens.

Conversion Methodology

In the interest of transparency, the process leading to the determination of the

above-mentioned conversion ratios is outlined below:

• The 200 DMA (daily moving average) of token prices was used to define the
conversion ratios. This was done in order to remove any short term price
volatility impacting the final ratios of conversion.
• The max supply of each token was used to set the final weights of each token in
the merger.
• The ratios and the final set prices are disclosed with the merger announcement
in order to avoid market manipulation.

Note: This merger is still pending the vote of approval of SingularityDAO

community. A blog post in relation to that with further details around the proposal
and voting dates would be announced with release of the merger announcement or
soon thereafter. Cogito and Selfkey do not require a community vote for the

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proposed merger. On successful passing of the vote, the merger portal for
migrating SDAO, CGV, and KEY would be open to the community. Details related to
the aforementioned process will be provided in due course.

Additional Token Mint

In order to fund further development and provide incentives to early developers and
users there will be an additional token supply of 2,507,476,288.3 (100.60% of initial
supply) minted. These tokens would be minted as per the vesting schedule defined
later in the litepaper. A few of the areas where the newly minted tokens would be
used for incentivisation are:

Ecosystem incentives will be used to support the growth of the network and
facilitate collaboration between various network participants.

a. Community Incentives

A part of the incentives would be used to support developers, who build dApps,
contracts, AI services/agents on the Layer2. Some of the initiatives would be to
organise bounty programs, gas sponsorship/refund for dApps etc. to attract users
and drive adoption. Furthermore, community outreach initiatives such as referral
programs, ambassador programs would be set up to create a loyal and active base
of community members.

b. Network Incentives

Token holders who participate in securing the network either via running Singularity
Finance nodes or delegating to other node runners would be rewarded with SFI
tokens. These incentives will allow the stakers to keep their tokens staked,
enhancing the network security.

c. Liquidity incentives

SFI tokens will also be used as incentives to attract liquidy to Layer-2. A part of the
additional token supply would be used to jumpstart the DeFi activity on the chain.
For example: SFI tokens would be rewarded as incentives to users who supply

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assets to the liquidity pools. This enhanced liquidity would lead to better pricing as
well as attract better market participants, supporting the network growth.

This will result in a total SFI supply of 5,000,000,000 tokens after additional mint.

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Allocation & Distribution

The initial minting of SFI tokens (2.4925 billion) will be allocated and distributed
according to the current circulation and committed distribution schedules of CGV,
KEY, and SDAO. Based on the circulating supply and emission schedule, the current
token numbers across the three merging entities are as follows:

After adding the newly minted SFI as well as circulating tokens, here is the final
version of SFI token distribution:

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Vesting Schedule

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Token Utility
Some of the key utilities of the SFI token are:

Network security: SFI tokens are fundamental to the security and integrity of the
network. Token holders can stake their SFI tokens to participate in running the
nodes thereby securing the Layer-2 infrastructure.

Gas Token: SFI tokens will be the native token used to pay for gas fees on the L2
network. Every transaction/smart contract execution gas fee will be paid in SFI
tokens.

Governance: As a truly decentralised organisation Singularity Finance will rely on

community led governance and SFI token would be the cornerstone of the
governance model. The token holders will periodically be invited to vote on crucial
decisions shaping the future of the organisation and the management of the SFI
token.

Tokenisation Fees: Organisations interested in tokenising their assets on

Singularity Finance’s platform would be required to pay a launch fee paid in SFI
tokens. The fee would be paid upfront by the organisation and would be distributed
to the community as node rewards.

Transaction Fee: Singularity Finance would also deploy a number of protocols and
dApps on the Singularity Finance L2 such as: SFI Vaults, Dex, and other AI services.
A portion of the fee charged by these services and dApps would be distributed
back to the SFI token holders as rewards and 40% of the fee would be burned.

Protocol Fee distribution: A portion of the fees generated by the tokenised assets,
vaults and other deployed protocols will be redistributed back to SFI stakers as
rewards.

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SFI Nodes
To create a secure Layer-2 network focused on tokenising AI assets, Singularity
Finance will be launching its network of decentralised node operators. These nodes
are integral to the functionality of our platform, performing specialised tasks that go
beyond traditional validation. Nodes will provide much needed security and
decentralisation to the network as they provide an additional layer of oversight
thereby maintaining the integrity of the network.

Some of the functions that the nodes will provide include:

1. Fraud Proofs Generation: Detect and challenge invalid state transitions by

generating fraud proof thereby increasing the network's security.
2. Decentralised Decision-Making: Nodes participate in governance processes
enabling decentralised control over network upgrades and policies.

Benefits of running a node:

1. Staking Rewards: Node operators will earn rewards by staking SFI tokens and
running the nodes. These rewards will be distributed based on their contribution
to the network, such as uptime, number of transactions processed or the
number of tokens staked.
2. Share of Transaction Fee: As the network matures, the network will see a
growth on the number of transactions occurring on the chain. Node operators
will also earn part of the transaction fee generated by the network.
3. Delegated Staking: Users who cannot run their own nodes will be able to
delegate to the available node operators. This allows pooling of resources
leading to increase in staking power and greater rewards. A portion of the
rewards would be distributed back to the delegators
4. Governance Participation: Node operators and delegators will be able
participate in governance decisions based on the token staked or contribution
to the network, allowing them to influence the future direction of the network.

Vesting and Unlock

To discourage short-term speculation and ensure overall network stability, early

redemption of staked tokens may incur a penalty on the staked amount. Tokens

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become fully accessible after the completion of the vesting period, allowing
operators to realise the full benefits of their participation.

More information on the timelines and mechanism would be released with technical
details of the L2 network.

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Roadmap
Q4 2024:

• Completion of the merger between SingularityDAO, Cogito Finance, and

Selfkey.
• SFI Token Launch.
• SFI Migration portal launch.
• Singularity Finance’s incentivised testnet live, featuring tokenised assets and
partner applications.
• Preview: DynaVaults with yield-bearing stables and Artificial Superintelligence
Alliance (ASI) index vaults.

Q1 2025:

• L2 apps: Incentivised Campaigns to bring builders to the L2.

• DynaVaults with ETH yield vaults.
• Singularity Finance’s Layer-2 mainnet.
• Launch: DynaVaults with yield-bearing stables and Artificial Superintelligence
Alliance (ASI) index vaults.
• AI recommendation portfolio.
• Partnerships for liquidity provision of tokenised real-world assets.
Q2 2025:

• Onchain identity for retail clients.

• Fiat onramp for retail clients.
• Onchain KYC/AML solutions for compliant user onboarding.
• Launch of AI-driven portfolio management tools for retail and institutional users.
• L2 apps: Prediction markets

Q3 2025:

• Expansion of tokenised asset offerings, including corporate bonds and GPUs.

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• Integration with cross-chain protocols for enhanced liquidity and asset trading
across multiple blockchains.
• Fiat on/offramp support for institutional clients.
• Expansion of tokenised AI products, including AI models, datasets, and
compute power.
• L2 apps: Credit ratings coupled with onchain identity.
Q4 2025:

• Launch of AI-managed funds for institutions, offering AI-powered investment

strategies for tokenised real-world assets.
• Development of AI-powered credit scoring models for DeFi.
2026 and beyond

• Extend RWA and identity solutions to additional regulated territories.

• AI market making for newer protocols on the L2 apps: AI market making.

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Leadership Team
Founders

Cloris Chen - CEO, Co-Founder

Cloris Chen is the CEO of Cogito Finance, a DeFi platform offering institutional-
grade investment products by tokenising fixed-income assets and equities. Cloris
combines a banking background with hands-on DeFi experience. She spent 6 years
at HSBC and served as treasury director for a unicorn startup. This diverse
experience of the CEO helps Cogito to address challenges in DeFi, such as
unsustainable yield farming, credit risk, and regulatory uncertainty through
tokenisation. As a SingularityNET partner, Cogito harnesses Ben Goertzel's AI
expertise for the company’s processes, including portfolio management.

Mario Casiraghi - Co-Founder

Mario is an Executive of the Artificial Superintelligence Alliance (ASI), CFO at
SingularityNET, CFO and Co-Founder of SingularityDAO. Mario spearheaded
growth of the SingularityNET ecosystem since 2020 by leading the efforts across
spin offs as well as at a SingularityNET level, more recently by leading Artificial
Superintelligence Alliance (ASI) merger related activities. Mario also led the
SingularityDAO product and quants strategy since the inception in 2021. He helped
raise $100M+ for blockchain based companies. Formerly covered positions at Bank
of America Merrill Lynch and RBS. He also completed 50+ Debt Capital Markets
transactions for c. $80bn in total financing.

Ben Goertzel - Co-Founder, Chief AI Advisor

Dr. Ben Goertzel is the founder and CEO of SingularityNET, a decentralised artificial
intelligence marketplace that allows for the creation, distribution, and monetisation
of AI services. He has written numerous scholarly papers and books on artificial
intelligence, cognitive science, and philosophy. He has been involved in the
platform’s development since its beginning, and he was instrumental in the design
and execution of its AI algorithms. Dr. Goertzel is also the co-founder and Chief
Scientist Officer of Cogito. His knowledge of artificial intelligence and blockchain

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technology has been instrumental in the creation of Cogito, and he remains actively
involved in the company’s ongoing research and development efforts.

Leadership Team

Raam Baranidharan - CTO

Raam is a technology executive with over 20 years of global experience. He has

held leadership posts in several startups and has been part of the SingularityNet
ecosystem as well, leading the development of the marketplace. He is a firm
believer in continuous learning, recognising its paramount importance in the era of
AI. As a passion project he has authored a book series that simplifies technology
for children, published by HarperCollins.

Shailendra Sason - CPO

Shailendra has over 15 years of experience in startups and the fintech sector,
including extensive work in regulated markets within fintech and banking. He
previously served as the Crypto Lead at Revolut before co-founding Solvo, a crypto
startup. An MBA graduate from the University of Oxford and recognised as an
Exceptional Talent in the UK, he holds a patent and co-authored the World
Economic Forum's "Future of FinTech" report.

Thomas van der Linde - CMO

Thomas has a distinguished 20-year career in launching and developing award-

winning blue-chip technology brands. He excels in high-growth marketing
communications and recently led the launch of the world’s first digital assets Index
and VC funds. His portfolio includes products for Vodafone and LG Electronics.
Thomas holds an Honours degree in Social Sciences, Cum Laude, and has received
global PR and advertising awards. He also has a Merit award in Advertising,
Blockchain, and analytics.

Kenneth Ng - Head of Business Development

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Kenneth is currently the Head of Business Development at Cogito Finance. Prior to

Cogito, Kenneth led partnership teams for reputable projects such as Crypto.com
and The Open Network (TON) since 2018 where he grew interest in the world of
Web3.0

Kenneth’s also has a background in SMB payment sales, which he obtained from
working for Payoneer, a Nasdaq-listed FS company.

Edward Racz - Technical Product Manager

Edward is a seasoned Product and Technical Project Manager with over a decade
of experience in the tech industry, specializing in Web3, AI, and Web2 applications.
Currently serving as the Product Manager at SelfKey, he leads the development of
decentralised, privacy-preserving KYC solutions in the digital identity space.

Advisors

Janet Adams - SingularityNET COO

Her leadership role at SingularityNET encompasses a broad range of

responsibilities, including technology, operations, marketing, investment,
accounting, payments, strategic partnerships, business development, and
decentralisation.She is a passionate advocate for AI and blockchain initiatives with
vast experience in multiple vertical markets, including robotics, biotech, gaming
and metaverse, media, DeFi, music, and arts.Janet is also a co-founder of Cogito
Protocol. With her expertise extending beyond the finance industry, Janet excels at
strategy and planning, bringing interdisciplinary expertise in AI to the table. Her
unique set of skills and experience allow Cogito to tap into entirely new dimensions
of problem-solving and planning.

Jon Grove - Artificial Superintelligence Alliance (ASI) Head of Communication

Jon Grove has a diverse background, blending his passion for science and
technology. He spent a decade in China, earning a Bachelor's in Chinese Language
from Zhejiang Gongshang University and teaching there for ten years. His career
began in electrical engineering, specializing in bespoke security hardware. Since
2021, Jon has been instrumental in building communications for the Artificial

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Intelligence Alliance (Artificial Superintelligence Alliance (ASI)) and managing

communications for SingularityNet, Sophiaverse, and SingularityDAO, helping to
grow their brands in the DeFi and AI sectors.

Amaury Dalleur - SingularityDAO Head of Incubation

Leads Funding Rounds and Manages KOLs & Partnerships. Co-created and
developed the largest French speaking web3 community in 2021 (bought by
Binance). University blockchain teacher & advisor to 1B$+ valuation company.

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Conclusion
Singularity Finance’s platform combines the power of AI, real-world asset
tokenisation, and Layer-2 scalability. By providing a compliant, scalable, and
efficient platform, Singularity Finance opens new opportunities for retails,
businesses, and institutions to engage with AI-Fi in a decentralised and transparent
environment, tailored to the unique needs of artificial intelligence applications when
met with tokenisation.

The platform’s AI-powered tools and automated KYC/AML processes ensure that it
can scale to meet the needs of a rapidly growing AI economy. As tokenisation
continues to reshape traditional finance, Singularity Finance is uniquely positioned
to unlock trillions of dollars in tokenised assets across the AI economy, and thereby
leading the transformation of global financial systems.

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Appendix
SingularityDAO

Website: https://singularitydao.ai/

Docs: https://docs.singularitydao.ai/

Github: https://github.com/Singularity-DAO

Cogito

Website: https://www.cogito.finance/

Github: https://github.com/cogito-finance

SelfKey

Website: https://selfkey.org/

Docs: https://github.com/SelfKeyFoundation

https://github.com/SelfKeyDAO

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