MI

ZANTEPIUNI
VERSI
TYCOLLAGEOFMEDI
CINEAND
HEALTHSCI
ENCE

DEPARTMENTOFNURSI
NG

COMMUNI
TYBASEDTRAI
NINGPROGRAM REPORT

ASSESSMENTOFHEALTHANDHEALTHRELATED
PROBLEMSI
NMI
ZANAMANSHESHEKAKEBELE

JUN,
2023

MI
ZANAMAN,
ETHI
OPI
A
GROUPMEMBERS

N Name Se I
D
o x

1 Cher
inetNechi
to M 2123/
12

2 Abdi
Hundessa M 0017/
12

3 Abi
netFasi
ka M 1007/
12

4 Amar
eAl
eli
gn M 0210/
12

5 Aschal
ewYonat
a M 2121/
12

6 Ay
elgnGashaw M 0319/
12

7 BegashawG/
sil
asse M 2092/
12

8 Ber
eketAsmar
e M 0580/
12

9 Dej
eneMot
i M 0580/
12

10 Der
ebeBel
gu M 0600/
12

11 Desmi
lEshet
ie M 0614/
12

12 Dest
aShubul
e M 0619/
12

13 Di
ri
baTol
osa M 0634/
12

14 FuadMohammed M 0822/
12

15 Gi
zachewAnbesse M 2101/
12

16 Get
achewMossi
e M 0886/
12

2
Acknowl
edgement
Fi
rstofal
l
,wewoul
dli
ket
othankMi
zan-
TepiUni
ver
sit
y,col
l
egeofmedi
cineand
heal
thsci
ences,depar
tmentofnur
singf
orgi
vi
ngust
hisoppor
tuni
ty.Ourgr
eat
t
hanksal
sogoest
oouradv
isor
sMr
.Mat
usal
aDandMr
.Sei
dHwhospentt
hei
r
t
imeshar
ingt
hei
rski
l
lsandknowl
edge&gi
vi
ngt
echni
cal
suppor
tforourst
udy
.

Last
ly,wewoul
dli
ket
othankket
ene02admi
nist
rat
or,heal
thext
ensi
onwor
ker
andr
esi
dent
sfort
hei
rcooper
ati
ont
opar
ti
cipat
eint
hesur
vey
.

I
Tabl
eofCont
ent
s
Acknowl
edgement I
Li
stoft
abl
es I
V
Li
stoff
igur
es V
1.I
NTRODUCTI
ON 8
1.
1Backgr
ound 8
1.
2St
atementoft
hePr
obl
em 9
1.
3Si
gni
fi
canceoft
hest
udy 11
2.LI
TRATUREREVI
EW 12
3.OBJECTI
VEOFSTUDY 14
3.
1Gener
alobj
ect
ive 14
3.
2Speci
fi
cobj
ect
ive 14
4.METHODSANDMATERI
ALS 15
4.
1.St
udyar
eaandper
iod 15
4.
3Popul
ati
on 16
4.
3.1Sour
cepopul
ati
on:- 16
4.
3.2St
udypopul
ati
on:- 16
4.
4Incl
usi
onandexcl
usi
oncr
it
eri
a 16
4.
4.1I
ncl
usi
oncr
it
eri
a: 16
4.
4.2Excl
usi
oncr
it
eri
a: 16
4.
5Sampl
esi
zeDet
ermi
nat
ionandSampl
i
ngt
echni
que 16
4.
5.1Sampl
esi
zeDet
ermi
nat
ion 16
4.
5.2Sampl
i
ngt
echni
que 16
4.
6Sampl
i
ngpr
ocedur
e 16
4.
7Dat
acol
l
ect
ion 17
4.
7.1Dat
acol
l
ect
or 17
4.
7.2Dat
acol
l
ect
iont
ool
s 17
4.
8Var
iabl
es 18
4.
9Oper
ati
onal
def
ini
ti
on 18
4.
10Dat
acol
l
ati
onMet
hods 19
4.
11Dat
apr
ocessi
ngandanal
ysi
s 19
4.
12Dat
aQual
i
tyCont
rol
Measur
es 19

I
I
 4.
13Et
hical
consi
der
ati
on 19
5.MATERI
ALSUSEDI
NTHESTUDY 19
6.SWOTanal
ysi
s 20
St
rengt
h 20
7.RESULT 21
7.
1.Soci
o-demogr
aphi
cdat
a 21
7.
2.Env
ironment
alcondi
ti
on 23
7.
3Mat
ernal
andchi
l
dheal
thcondi
ti
on 27
7.
5Regar
dingt
oHI
VAI
DS 31
8.Qual
i
tat
ivedat
aresul
tandanal
ysi
s 33
8.
1In–dept
hint
erv
iewofkeyi
nfor
mant
s 33
9DI
SCUSSI
ON 35
10.CONCLUSI
ONANDRECOMMENDATI
ON 37
10.
1CONCLUSI
ON 37
10.
2RECOMMENDATI
ON 38
11.Pr
obl
em i
dent
if
icat
ion 39
13.Act
ionpl
an 40
REFERENCES 43

I
II
Li
stoft
abl
es
Tabl
e1:
soci
odemogr
aphi
cdat
aint
he50sampl
edhousehol
dsi
nAndenet
v
il
lage,
2023 20
Tabl
e2:
Frequencydi
str
ibut
ionofEnv
ironment
alcondi
ti
onofi
nthe50sampl
ed
househol
dsi
nAndenetv
il
lage,
2023 222
Tabl
e3:
frequencydi
str
ibut
ionf
orMat
ernal
andchi
l
dheal
thcondi
ti
oni
nthe50
sampl
edhousehol
dsi
nAndenetv
il
lage,
2023 26
Tabl
e4:fr
equencydi
str
ibut
ionofgener
alf
ami
l
yheal
thcondi
ti
onofAndenet
vi
ll
age,
2023………………………………………………………………………………………28

Tabl
e5:
frequencydi
str
ibut
ionr
egar
dingt
oHI
VAI
DS i
nAndenetv
il
lage,
202330
Tabl
e6f
requencydi
str
ibut
ionofqual
i
tati
vedat
a
…………………………………………………………………. .31

Tabl
e6:
cri
ter
iaf
ori
dent
if
icat
ionofpr
obl
emsi
nAndenetv
il
lage,
2023 33
Tabl
e7:
Act
ionpl
anf
orpr
ior
it
izedofpr
obl
emsi
nAndenetv
il
lage,
2023 33

I
V
Li
stoff
igur
es
Fi
gur
e1:
Mapshowi
ngketena2 14
Fi
gur
e2 Sampl
i
ngproceduerofcommuni
tybasedt
rai
ningpr
ogr
am 16

V
ABSTRACT

Backgr
ound:communi
ty-
based t
rai
ning pr
ogr
am i
sa pr
ogr
am t
hatpr
ovi
des
pr
act
icalt
rai
ningf
orheal
thsci
encesst
udent
s.Thet
rai
ningt
akespl
acei
nthe
act
ualwor
kar
eai
nthewor
kpl
ace,andapr
ofessi
onal
l
ytr
ainedj
obcoachi
s
l
ocat
edon-
sit
etopr
ovi
deaddi
ti
onal
suppor
tint
rai
ning.

Obj
ect
ive:Toassesscommuni
tyheal
thandheal
th-
rel
atedpr
obl
emsi
nsheska
kebel
eket
ena2andenetv
il
lagei
n2023G.
C

.
Met
hod:A communi
tybasedcr
osssect
ionalst
udydesi
gnwasempl
oyedt
o
assessheal
thandheal
th-
rel
atedpr
obl
emsi
nsheskakebel
eket
ena2,Aman
t
ownf
oundi
nSWER,
Benchshekozone.

Wesel
ect
edt
hehousehol
dsbyusi
ngt
hesy
stemat
icr
andom sampl
i
ngmet
hod.
Thedat
awer
ecol
l
ect
edusi
ngast
ruct
uredquest
ionnai
ret
hroughf
acet
o-f
ace
i
nter
views,
anobser
vat
ionalmet
hodandi
nter
viewi
ngkeyi
nfor
mant
s.Tal
l
ysheet
wasusedt
oanal
yzet
hedat
amanual
l
y.Fr
equencyandper
centwer
eusedt
o
descr
ibedat
a.Ther
esul
tswer
epr
esent
edi
ntabl
es.

Resul
t:Accor
dingt
othi
sst
udy
,(58%)househol
dshadaccesst
otapwat
erand
sl
i
ght
lyt
hree-
four
th(
83.
33%)ofwomenhadusedf
ami
l
ypl
anni
ngser
vice.Al
most
al
lofwomen del
i
ver
ed t
hei
rchi
l
d atheal
thi
nst
it
uti
on.The maj
ori
ty of
househol
ds(
92%)hadaki
tchen,ofwhi
ch84.
78% usedwoodandchar
coal
(
10.
84%)asa sour
ce ofener
gy.most
,(92%)oft
he r
esi
dent
sknew about
HI
V/AI
DS,
oft
his74%hav
ebeent
est
ed.

Concl
usi
on:Accor
dingt
ooursur
veymostHHi
nappr
opr
iat
elydi
sposeswast
e.
Ther
eissi
tesf
orbr
eedi
ngofmosqui
to,
lackofhandwashi
ngf
aci
l
ityi
nlat
ri
ne

VI
andt
her
eishi
ghpr
eval
enceofhar
mful
tradi
ti
onal
pract
ice.

LI
STOFACRONYMSANDABBREVI
ATI
ONS
ORS Or
alRehy
drat
ionSal
ts

AI
DS Acqui
redI
mmunodef
ici
encySy
ndr
ome

ANC Ant
enat
alCar
e

BCG Baci
l
liChal
met
te-
Guer
in

EDHS Et
hiopi
aDemogr
aphi
candHeal
thSur
vey

FGM Femal
eGeni
tal
Mut
il
ati
on

HEW Heal
thExt
ensi
onWor
ker

HF Heal
thFaci
l
ity

HH Househol
d

I
UCD I
ntr
aut
eri
neCont
racept
iveDev
ice

MTU Mi
zan-
Tepi
Uni
ver
sit
y

PNC Post
nat
alCar
e

RAG Repr
oduct
iveagegr
oup

UNDP Uni
tedNat
ionsDev
elopment

WHO Wor
ldHeal
thOr
gani
zat
ion

VI
I
VI
II
1.I
NTRODUCTI
ON
1.
1Backgr
ound
Communi
tyBased Educat
ion i
samet
hod oft
eachi
ng t
hest
udent
show t
o
di
agnosi
sthe communi
tyneeds on heal
th.Communi
tyBased Educat
ion i
s
desi
gnedf
ort
hest
udent
swhatar
etaughti
ntheor
eti
calcl
assandwhati
sint
he
r
eal
env
ironment
.Thi
str
ainst
hest
udent
saboutcommuni
tydi
agnosi
stoi
dent
if
y
t
hepr
obl
em r
elat
edt
oheal
thandheal
thr
elat
edpr
obl
ems.I
thasakeyr
olei
n
pr
event
ingdi
sease,i
mpr
ovi
ngheal
thandenhanci
ngqual
i
tyofl
i
fe.Fur
ther
mor
e,
i
nCBEt
hebal
ancebet
weenv
ari
eti
esofeducat
ionalset
ti
ngi
sencour
agedt
o
assi
stst
udent
sdev
elopkeydesi
redski
l
ltot
heaccept
abl
elev
el(
1).CBEasan
educat
ional phi
l
osophy ai
ms at dev
elopi
ng pr
ofessi
onal
s wi
th pr
obl
em
i
dent
if
icat
ionandsol
vi
ngski
l
lsandposi
ti
veat
ti
tudest
oser
vet
hesoci
ety
.Thi
s
appr
oachofeducat
ioni
sal
soknownas‘
studyser
vice’(
2).Communi
tyBased
Tr
aini
ngi
sanon-
sit
etr
aini
ngpr
ogr
am t
ail
oredt
oanempl
oyer
’sspeci
fi
chi
ri
ng
needs.Thet
rai
ningt
akespl
acei
ntheact
ualwor
kar
eai
nthewor
kpl
ace,anda
pr
ofessi
onal
l
ytr
ainedj
obcoachi
slocat
edon-
sit
etopr
ovi
deaddi
ti
onal
suppor
tin
t
rai
ning(
2).I
tencour
agesandenhancesheal
thandwel
l
nessbyeducat
ing
communi
ti
es.
(3)

Communi
ty-
basedt
rai
ningpr
ogr
am i
simpl
ement
edi
nal
lunder
graduat
e
pr
ogr
amsoft
heuni
ver
sit
y.I
tisani
ntegr
atedi
nst
it
uti
onal
progr
am whi
chi
s
desi
gnedt
otr
ainheal
thsci
encest
udent
stocommuni
cat
eef
fect
ivel
ywi
tht
hei
r
f
ri
end,
communi
ty,
inst
ruct
orsandhowt
omanagei
fther
eisapr
obl
em i
nthei
r
gr
oups(
8)

Keepi
ngaheal
thycommuni
tyi
sthegoal
ofev
erypar
toft
hewor
ld.Sust
ainabl
e
Dev
elopmentGoal
s(SDGs)i
sasetof17goal
sthati
magi
nesaf
utur
ejust15
y
ear
sthati
sdev
elopedi
nthey
ear2015byl
eader
sfr
om 193count
ri
esoft
he
wor
ld.Ensur
ingheal
thyl
i
vesandpr
omot
eswel
l
-bei
ngf
oral
latal
lagesi
sa
Sust
ainabl
eDev
elopmentGoal
s(SDGs)(
8).Howev
er,
achi
evi
ngt
hisgoal
requi
res
car
eful
planni
ngandor
gani
zedcommuni
tymember
s,heal
thor
gani
zat
ions,

9
academi
cinst
it
uti
ons,
andv
ari
ousgov
ernmentagenci
es(
8).

1.
2St
atementoft
hePr
obl
em
Gl
obal
l
y,4bi
l
li
oncasesofdi
arr
heaoccurev
eryy
earand88% oft
hesecanbe
at
tr
ibut
edt
ounsaf
ewat
er,
inadequat
esani
tat
ionandpoorhy
giene.Wat
erqual
i
ty
canbeaf
fect
edbypol
l
uti
onf
rom poi
ntsour
cesandnon-
poi
ntsour
ces.Bi
ologi
cal
pol
l
utant
sar
emi
croor
gani
sms(
bact
eri
a,v
iruses,pr
otozoaandhel
mint
hes)t
hat
ar
ehar
mfult
ohumansandot
herf
ormsofl
i
fe.I
nfect
iousdi
seasescausedby
bi
ologi
calpol
l
utant
s,suchast
yphoi
dandchol
era,ar
ethemostcommonand
wi
despr
eadpubl
i
cheal
thr
isksassoci
atedwi
thdr
inki
ngwat
er.Mi
croor
gani
sms
maygeti
ntowat
erwi
thdustf
rom t
heai
rasr
ainf
all
s,andwhenwat
erpasses
t
hroughsoi
lwhi
chi
spol
l
utedwi
thhumanandani
mal
wast
es(
15)

Mor
ethan hal
foft
he househol
ds i
n Et
hiopi
a(55%)hav
e access t
o an
i
mpr
oved sour
ceofdr
inki
ngwat
er,
wit
hamuchhi
gherpr
opor
ti
onamongur
ban
househol
ds (
97%)t
han among r
uralhousehol
ds (
57%)
.The mostcommon
sour
ceofi
mpr
oveddr
inki
ngwat
eri
nur
banhousehol
dsi
spi
pedwat
er,usedby
63%ofur
banhousehol
ds.I
ncont
rast
,onl
y19%ofr
uralhousehol
dshav
eaccess
t
opi
pedwat
er.13% ofr
uralhousehol
dshav
eaccesst
odr
inki
ngwat
erf
rom a
pr
otect
edwel
lorbor
ehol
es,and14per
centhav
eaccesst
odr
inki
ngwat
erf
rom
apr
otect
edspr
ing(
16)
.

Et
hiopi
aisoneoft
heAf
ri
cancount
ri ePl
eswher asmodi
um f
alci
par
um andP.
vi
vaxco-
exi
st.Moni
tor
ingandev
aluat
ionofcur
rentmal
ari
atr
ansmi
ssi
onst
atus
i
sani
mpor
tantcomponentofmal
ari
acont
rolasi
tisameasur
eoft
hesuccess
of ongoi
ng i
nter
vent
ions and gui
des t
he pl
anni
ng of f
utur
e cont
roland
el
i
minat
ion ef
for
ts.Mal
ari
a mor
bidi
ty and mor
tal
i
ty hav
e been si
gni
fi
cant
ly
r
educedi
nEt
hiopi
asi
nce2001;howev
er,mal
ari
acasei
nci
dencei
sst
il
lhi
gh.
Addi
ti
onalef
for
tsar
eneededt
otar
gett
hehi
ght
ransmi
ssi
onar
eaofwest
ern
Et
hiopi
atosust
aint
heachi
evement
smadet
odat
e(17)
.

10
Now aday
s,dev
elopi
ngcount
ri
esar
efaci
ngt
ri
plebur
denofundernut
ri
ti
on
coexi
st wi
th mi
cronut
ri
ent def
ici
enci
es,communi
cabl
e non-
communi
cabl
e
di
sease.Noncommuni
cabl
edi
seasesar
erapi
dlyi
ncr
easi
nganunexpect
edr
ate
andEt
hiopi
aisoneoft
hedev
elopi
ngcount
ri
esf
aci
ngt
ri
ple-bur
denofdi
seases
(
16)
.

Thi
sishi
ghl
yrel
atedt
opoormanagementofwast
edi
sposal
,poorenv
ironment
al
sani
tat
ion,l
ackofawar
eness,l
ow abi
l
ityofmanagi
ngt
heav
ail
abl
eresour
ces
andal
sounav
ail
abi
l
ityandi
naccessi
bil
i
tyofheal
thf
aci
l
iti
es(
17)
.

11
1.
3Si
gni
fi
canceoft
hest
udy
Thi
sst
udyi
simpor
tantt
oaddr
esst
hepr
obl
em ofcommuni
cabl
edi
seasei
nthe
communi
tyandt
opr
ovi
dei
nsi
ght
sint
heet
iol
ogyofdi
seases.i
twi
l
lhel
pchange
behav
ioroft
he communi
ty,and al
l
ow pr
event
ion and t
reat
mentpr
ogr
am
t
arget
ing t
he need of t
he popul
ati
on i
dent
if
ied at r
isk f
or i
ncr
eased
communi
cabl
edi
sease.Andal
sot
opr
ovi
desomet
angi
blei
nfor
mat
iont
opol
i
cy
maker
s.I
tal
sopr
ovi
dessi
gni
fi
canti
nfor
mat
ionf
orpl
anner
sandr
esear
cher
s.
Thet
rai
ningenabl
esst
udent
stoappl
ythei
rtheor
eti
cal
knowl
edgei
ntopr
act
ice.

Ther
esul
toft
hissur
veycanbeusedbygov
ernment
alandnon-
gov
ernment
al
i
nst
it
uti
onst
osol
vet
hecommuni
tyheal
thr
elat
edpr
obl
ems.Thi
sst
udycanal
so
beusedasabasel
i
nedat
aforf
urt
herst
udy
.

12
2.LI
TRATUREREVI
EW
Theav
eragehousehol
dsi
zei
nEt
hiopi
ais4.
6per
sons.Ur
banhousehol
dsar
e
sl
i
ght
lysmal
l
ert
hanr
uralhousehol
ds(
3.5per
sonsv
ersus4.
9per
sons)(
8).Men
headt
hemaj
ori
tyofEt
hiopi
anhousehol
ds(
75%)
,wi
thonl
y1i
n4househol
ds
headedbywomen(
8).Theagedi
str
ibut
ionoft
hehousehol
dpopul
ati
onf
or
chi
l
drenunderage15account
edf
or47%oft
hepopul
ati
onandi
ndi
vi
dual
sage65
andol
deraccount
edf
or4%(
8).Ov
eral
l
,51%off
emal
esand65%ofmal
esage6
andov
erhav
eev
erat
tendedschool
(8)
.

I
nEt
hiopi
a,97% ofur
banhousehol
dshav
eaccesst
oani
mpr
ovedsour
ceof
dr
inki
ngwat
er,ascompar
edwi
th57%ofr
uralhousehol
ds(
10)
.Ur
banandr
ural
househol
dsr
elyondi
ff
erentsour
cesofdr
inki
ngwat
er.Thet
hreemostcommon
sour
ces ofdr
inki
ng wat
eri
n ur
ban househol
ds ar
e wat
erpi
ped i
ntot
he
househol
d’sdwel
l
ing,
yar
d,orpl
ot(
63%)
;wat
erpi
pedi
ntoapubl
i
ctap/
standpi
pe
(
13%)
;andwat
erpi
pedt
oanei
ghbor(
12%)(
10)
.Bycont
rast
,rur
alhousehol
ds
obt
aint
hei
rdr
inki
ngwat
ermai
nlyf
rom publ
i
ctaps/
standpi
pes(
19%)
,fol
l
owedby
pr
otect
edspr
ings(
14%)andt
ubewel
l
sorbor
ehol
es(
13%)(
10)
.Cl
eanwat
eri
sa
basi
cneedf
orhumanl
i
fe;
howev
er,
mosthousehol
dresi
dent
sinbot
hur
ban(
88%)
andr
ural(
92%)ar
easr
epor
tthatt
heydonott
reatt
hei
rwat
erpr
iort
odr
inki
ng
(
10)
.

Ov
eral
l
,6%ofEt
hiopi
anhousehol
dsusei
mpr
ovedt
oil
etf
aci
l
iti
es(
16%i
nur
ban
ar
easand4% i
nrur
alar
eas)(
7).Mor
ethanhal
f(56%)ofr
uralhousehol
dsuse
uni
mpr
ovedt
oil
etf
aci
l
iti
es(
10)
.

Ni
net
y-t
hreeper
centofhousehol
dsi
nEt
hiopi
ausesomet
ypeofsol
i
dfuelf
or
cooki
ng,wi
thv
irt
ual
l
yal
loft
hesehousehol
dsusi
ngwood(
10)
.Exposur
eto
cooki
ngsmokei
sgr
eat
erwhencooki
ngt
akespl
acei
nsi
det
hehouser
athert
han
i
nasepar
atebui
l
dingorout
door
s(10)
.InEt
hiopi
a,cooki
ngi
sdonei
nasepar
ate
bui
l
dingi
n47%ofhousehol
ds,
in6%ofhousehol
ds,
someonesmokesi
nsi
det
he

13
houseonadai
l
ybasi
s(10)
.

I
nEt
hiopi
a,woment
endt
omar
ryconsi
der
abl
year
li
ert
hanmen(
10)
.Themedi
an
ageatf
ir
stmar
ri
agei
s17.
1year
samongwomenage25-
49and23.
8year
s
amongmenage25-
59(
10)
.Fi
ft
y-ei
ghtper
centofwomenandonl
y9% ofmen
age25-
49mar
rybef
oret
hei
r18t
hbi
rt
hday(
10)
.Medi
anageatf
ir
stmar
ri
age
i
ncr
easeswi
thi
ncr
easi
ngeducat
ion,f
rom 16.
3year
samongwomenwi
thno
educat
iont
o24.
0year
samongwomenwi
thmor
ethanasecondar
yeducat
ion
(
10)
.Ageatf
ir
stmar
ri
agei
swi
del
yconsi
der
edapr
oxyi
ndi
cat
orf
ort
heageat
whi
chwomenbegi
ntobeexposedt
other
isksi
nher
enti
nsexualact
ivi
ty(
6).On
av
erage,meni
nEt
hiopi
aini
ti
atesexuali
nter
cour
seatol
deragest
hanwomen
(
10)
.Rur
alwomenbegi
nhav
ingsexuali
nter
cour
seabout2.
2year
sear
li
ert
han
ur
banwomen(
7).

Theageatwhi
chchi
l
dbear
ingcommencesi
sani
mpor
tantdet
ermi
nantoft
he
ov
eral
llev
eloff
ert
il
it
yaswel
last
heheal
thandwel
l
-bei
ngoft
hemot
herand
chi
l
d.I
nEt
hiopi
a,t
hemedi
anageatf
ir
stbi
rt
hamongwomenage25-
49i
s19.
2
y
ear
s(1)
.Thi
smeanst
hathal
fofwomenage25-
49gi
vebi
rt
hfort
hef
ir
stt
ime
bef
oreage20(
7)

Thecont
racept
ivepr
eval
encer
ate(
CPR)f
orcur
rent
lymar
ri
edwomenage15-
49
i
nEt
hiopi
ais36%,wi
th35% usi
ngmoder
nmet
hodsand1% usi
ngt
radi
ti
onal
met
hods(
1).The mostcommonl
yused cont
racept
ive met
hod f
orcur
rent
ly
mar
ri
edwomeni
nEt
hiopi
aisi
njectabl
e(23%)
,fol
l
owedbyi
mpl
ant
s(8%)(
7).

Ear
lyi
nit
iat
ionofbr
east
feedi
ngi
simpor
tantf
orbot
hthemot
herandt
hechi
l
d.
Thef
ir
stbr
eastmi
l
kcont
ainscol
ost
rums,whi
chi
shi
ghl
ynut
ri
ti
ousandhas
ant
ibodi
es t
hat pr
otect t
he newbor
n f
rom di
seases. Ear
lyi
nit
iat
ion of
br
east
feedi
ngal
soencour
agesbondi
ngbet
weent
hemot
herandhernewbor
n,
andf
aci
l
itat
est
hepr
oduct
ionofr
egul
arbr
eastmi
l
k.Ov
eral
l
,58% ofchi
l
dren
underage6mont
hsar
eexcl
usi
vel
ybr
east
fed,I
nEt
hiopi
a,Themedi
andur
ati
on
ofexcl
usi
vebr
eastf
eedi
ng;t
het
imebywhi
chhal
fofchi
l
drenhav
est
opped
excl
usi
vebr
east
feedi
ngi
s3.
1mont
hthemedi
andur
ati
onofbr
east
feedi
ngi
s

14
23.
9mont
hsf
orchi
l
drenl
esst
hanage36mont
hs(
7).

I
nourst
udy58% ofHH hav
eaccesst
oimpr
ovedsour
ceofdr
inki
ngwat
eras
compar
edt
o57%ofr
ural
HH(
10)

Ov
eral
l98%ofourHHar
eimpr
ovedt
oil
etf
aci
l
ityascompar
edwi
th56%ofHH
(
10)

Thecont
racept
ivepr
eval
encer
atef
ormar
redwomenage15-
49i
nEt
hiopi
ais
36%butourst
udyhas83%ofpr
eval
encer
ate.

3.OBJECTI
VEOFSTUDY

3.
1Gener
alobj
ect
ive
 Toassesscommuni
tyheal
thandheal
thr
elat
edpr
obl
emsi
nshsheka
kebel
eket
ena2Amant
own,
BenchShekoZone,
Sout
hwestEt
hiopi
a,
si
nce2023GC

3.
2Speci
fi
cobj
ect
ive
 Toassesssoci
oeconomi
cst
atusofshshekakebel
eket
ena2,
Amant
own,
BenchShekoZone,
Sout
hwestEt
hiopi
a,si
nce2023GC

 Toassessenv
ironment
alheal
thandsani
tat
ioncondi
ti
onofshsheka
kebel
eket
ena2,
Amant
own,
BenchShekoZone,
Sout
hwestEt
hiopi
a,
si
nce2023GC

 ToassessMat
ernal
stat
usofshshekakebel
eket
ena2,
Amant
own,
BenchShekoZone,
Sout
hwestEt
hiopi
a,si
nce2023GC

 Toassesschi
l
dheal
thst
atusofshshekakebel
eket
ena2,
Amant
own,
BenchShekoZone,
Sout
hwestEt
hiopi
a,si
nce2023GC

 Toassessmaj
ormor
bidi
tyandmor
tal
i
tyst
atuesofshshekakebel
e
ket
ena2,
Amant
own,
BenchShekoZone,
Sout
hwestEt
hiopi
a,si
nce2023
GC
15
4.METHODSANDMATERI
ALS

4.
1.St
udyar
eaandper
iod

Thest
udywasconduct
edi
nsheshekakebel
einAmant
own,BenchshekoZone
sout
hwestEt
hiopi
atodescr
ibeheal
thandheal
thr
elat
edpr
obl
emsf
rom Jun12
t
oJun23,
2023GC.Benchshekozonei
sfoundi
nsout
hwestEt
hiopi
anr
egi
on.I
tis
about561km awayf
rom Addi
sAbabacapi
talci
tyofEt
hiopi
ainsout
hwest
di
rect
ion.Mi
zanAmant
owni
sadmi
nist
rat
ivecent
erofbenchshekozoneand
whi
chcont
ains11ket
enas.AmanKet
ena2i
soneoft
heket
enaswhi
chi
sfound
i
nMi
zanAmant
ownsheshkakebel
eandcont
ainsf
ivev
il
lages;
thesear
eAndnet
v
il
lage,Get
ert
echnol
ogy
,Gebey
ameda,andbol
evi
l
lageandGabukav
il
lage.
Undert
hisket
enat
her
ear
e1777househol
dsamongt
hef
ivev
il
lages;

16
Fi
gur
e1:
Mapshowi
ngket
ena2

4.
2St
udydesi
gn
Acommuni
tybaseddescr
ipt
ivecr
osssect
ional
studywasconduct
ed.

4.
3Popul
ati
on
4.
3.1Sour
cepopul
ati
on:-al
lhousehol
dsi
nsheshekakebel
e.

4.
3.2St
udypopul
ati
on:-sel
ect
edhousehol
dsi
nket
ena2.

4.
4Incl
usi
onandexcl
usi
oncr
it
eri
a

4.
4.1I
ncl
usi
oncr
it
eri
a:
Thehousehol
dsi
nAndenetv
il
lage

Resi
dent
sthatwer
eli
vedi
nAndenetv
il
lagef
orl
ongert
hansi
xmont
h

4.
4.2Excl
usi
oncr
it
eri
a:
Cl
osedHousesaf
terr
epeat
edv
isi
tdur
ingdat
acol
l
ect
ionper
iod

17
Commer
cial
houses,
tempor
aryv
isi
tor
sar
eexcl
uded

4.
5Sampl
esi
zeDet
ermi
nat
ionandSampl
ingt
echni
que

4.
5.1Sampl
esi
zeDet
ermi
nat
ion
Thesampl
esi
zei
s50househol
ds(
predet
ermi
ned)

4.
5.2Sampl
ingt
echni
que
Weusedl
ott
erymet
hodt
osel
ectonev
il
lagef
rom t
hef
ivev
il
lages.

4.
6Sampl
i
ngpr
ocedur
e
Thest
udyuni
tswer
esel
ect
edusi
ngl
ott
erymet
hodt
osel
ectonev
il
lagef
rom t
he
t
hreev
il
lages,whi
chi
sAndenetv
il
lage.Thet
otalHHi
nthi
svi
l
lagei
s305.Then
wecal
cul
atedt
heKi
nter
valbyusi
ngf
ormul
aN/
n305/
50=6.
1appr
oxi
mat
ely6
Thent
hef
ir
stHH wassel
ect
edr
andoml
yandt
heHHSsel
ect
edwi
thi
nter
val
whi
chi
s6.

Sheshekakebel
e

Ket
ene2 Ket
ene4

Lot
ter
ymet
hod

Ket
ena2(
1777HH)

Lot
ter
y

Andenet
=305HH

Syst
emat
icr
andom sampl
i
ng
18
 50

Fi
gur
e2 sampl
i
ngpr
ocedur
eofcommuni
tybasedt
rai
ningpr
ogr
am

4.
7Dat
acol
lect
ion

4.
7.1Dat
acol
lect
or

Thedat
awer
ecol
l edby3rd y
ect earnur
singgr
ouponest
udentmember
s.The
dat
awer
ecol
l
ect
edbyusi
ngst
ruct
uredquest
ionnai
rev
iaf
acet
ofacei
nter
view,
obser
vat
ional
met
hodandi
nter
viewi
ngkeyi
nfor
mant
s.

4.
7.2Dat
acol
lect
iont
ool
s
Thet
ool
(quest
ionnai
re)waspr
epar
edbymi
zant
epi
Uni
ver
sit
yCol
l
egeof
medi
cineandheal
thsci
encedepar
tmentofnur
sing.I
tconsi
stsofsoci
o
demogr
aphi
cchar
act
eri
sti
cs,
env
ironment
alsani
tat
ionandhousi
ngcondi
ti
on,
mat
ernal
andchi
l
dren,
wat
ersuppl
yandsour
ceandqual
i
ty,
mor
bidi
tyand
mor
tal
i
ty,
andHI
V/AI
DSawar
eness.

4.
8Var
iabl
es

 Age  Occupat
ional
stat
us

 Sex  Educat
ional
stat
us

 Et
hni
ci
ty  Housi
ngcondi
ti
on

 Rel
i
gion  Ki
tchenhousecondi
ti
on

 Mar
it
alst
atus  l
atr
inecov
erage

19
  sol
i
dwast
emanagement pr
act
ices

 Wat
ersuppl
y  Chi
l
dfeedi
ngpr
act
ice

 domest
icani
mal
s  Mor
bidi
tyst
atus

 Vacci
nat
ion  Mor
tal
i
tyst
atus

 Pl
aceofdel
i
ver
y  HI
V/AI
DS

 Fami
l
ypl
anni
ng  ANCcov
erage

 Har
mful t
radi
ti
onal

4.
9Oper
ati
onaldef
ini
ti
on
Househol
d:Aper
sonorgr
oupofr
elat
edorunr
elat
edper
sonswhol
i
vet
oget
her
i
nthesamedwel
l
inguni
t(
5),
whoacknowl
edgeoneadul
tmal
eorf
emal
east
he
headoft
hehousehol
d,whoshar
ethesamehousekeepi
ngar
rangement
s,and
whoar
econsi
der
edasi
ngl
euni
t(10)
.

Heal
thst
atus:Theheal
thcondi
ti
onoft
hecommuni
ty,
assessedonmor
bidi
ty,
mor
tal
i
ty,
disabi
l
ityandut
il
izat
ionofheal
thser
vices(
7).

Tr
adi
ti
onalbi
rt
hat
tendant
:bi
rt
hat
tendant
swhoat
tendbi
rt
houtofheal
th
i
nst
it
uti
on.

Ski
l
ledbi
rt
hat
tendant
:Bi
rt
hat
tendant
swhoat
tendbi
rt
hint
heheal
thi
nst
it
uti
on
wi
thsci
ent
if
icski
l
landknowl
edge(
7).

Mat
ernalandChi
ldHeal
th:I
ncl
udet
hosewhoar
eaged15-
49y
earwomenand
t
hoseunderf
ivey
ear
s’ol
dchi
l
dren(
3).

I
mpr
ovedt
oil
etf
aci
li
ti
es:I
ncl
udeanynon-
shar
edt
oil
etoft
hef
oll
owi
ngt
ypes:
f
lush/
pourf
lusht
oil
etst
opi
pedsewersy
stems,
sept
ict
anks,
andpi
tlat
ri
nes;
v
ent
il
atedi
mpr
ovedpi
t(VI
P)l
atr
ines;
pitl
atr
ineswi
thsl
abs;
andcompost
ing
t
oil
ets(
10)
.

20
Mar
ri
ed:Womenandmenwhor
epor
tbei
ngmar
ri
edorl
i
vingt
oget
herwi
tha
par
tnerast
houghmar
ri
edatt
het
imeoft
hesur
vey
(10)
.

Cont
racept
ivepr
eval
encer
ate:Per
cent
ageofwomenwhouseanycont
racept
ive
met
hod(
13)

I
nst
it
uti
onaldel
iver
ies:Del
i
ver
iest
hatoccuri
naheal
thf
aci
l
ity(
10)
.

4.
10Dat
acol
lat
ionMet
hods
Thedat
awer
ecol
l
ect
ed byusi
ng st
ruct
ured quest
ionnai
rev
iaf
acet
oface
i
nter
viewandobser
vat
ionalmet
hodbyusi
ngst
ruct
uredi
nter
vieweradmi
nist
ered
quest
ionnai
reandobser
vat
ion.Thequest
ionnai
reconsi
stsofsoci
odemogr
aphi
c
si
tuat
ion,env
ironment
alsani
tat
ion,mot
herand chi
l
d heal
th and di
seases
condi
ti
oni
nthehousehol
d.

4.
11Dat
apr
ocessi
ngandanal
ysi
s
Tal
l
ysheetwasusedt
oanal
yzet
hedat
amanual
l
yandput
tedi
nFr
equencyand
per
cent

4.
12Dat
aQual
it
yCont
rolMeasur
es
 Dat
awascheckedf
orcompl
etenessi
ndai
l
ybasi
s

 Dat
awascheckedf
orcl
ari
ty&consi
stencydai
l
y

4.
13Et
hicalconsi
der
ati
on
TheUni
ver
sit
ysental
ett
erf
orsheshekakebel
eandt
headmi
nist
rat
ional
l
owed
ust
ounder
goourst
udyi
nthev
il
lages.Af
tert
hisweaskedf
orwi
l
li
ngnessoft
he
par
ti
cipantandweconsi
dert
hepar
ti
cipant
shav
ether
ightt
oref
uset
hei
nter
view.
Fi
nal
l
yet
hical
pri
nci
plesar
econsi
der
edt
obot
hint
erv
iewerandpar
ti
cipant
s.

5.MATERI
ALSUSEDI
NTHESTUDY
 Pen  Shar
per

 Penci
l  Er
aser

21
  Paper  Mar
ker

 Lapt
op  Quest
ionnai
re

 Cal
cul
ator  Fl
i
pchar
t

 Cel
lphone

6.SWOTanal
ysi
s

St
rengt
h
 Commi
tmentofgr
oupmember

 Gi
vesexper
iencewor
kingwi
thcommuni
ty

 bet
tercommuni
cat
ionbet
weenst
udent
sandcommuni
ty

 bet
terengagementandconnect
ivi
ty

Weakness

 requi
rescoor
dinat
ion,
int
eract
ion,
cooper
ati
onandcommuni
cat
ionacr
oss
organi
zati
on

 i
tisst
ressf
ul

 Ti
meshor
tage

 Lackofexper
ienceonpr
ojectdev
elopment

Oppor
tuni
ty

 handl
esf
acul
tyofshor
tagei
ncommuni
ty

 cr
eat
eschancet
opr
eventi
nfect
ionf
orcommuni
ty

 Communi
tyawar
eness

 cr
eat
esgoodcommuni
cat
ionski
l
lforst
udent
s

 Itcr
eatesgoodchancet
oChangest
heor
eti
cal
knowl
edget
oreal
envi
ronment

22
Thr
eat
s

 Weat
hercondi
ti
on

 Geogr
aphi
cal
locat
ion

7.RESULT

7.
1.Soci
o-demogr
aphi
cdat
a
Thest
udyconsi
stsofi
ndi
vi
dual
sfr
om 50househol
dst
akenasasampl
efr
om
305househol
dsofAndi
netv
il
lages.Thet
otal
popul
ati
onofsampl
edhousehol
d
i
s218ofwhi
ch48.
67%ar
emal
eand51.
37%ar
efemal
e.

Tabl
e1:
soci
odemogr
aphi
cdat
aint
he50sampl
edhousehol
dsi
nAndi
net
mender
,2023

Var
iabl
e Cat
egor
y Fr
equency Per
cent
age

Sexst
ruct
ure Mal
e 106 48.
67

Femal
e 112 51.
37

Tot
al 218 100

Agedi
str
ibut
ion 0-
15 70 32.
11

16-
30 81 37.
16

31-
45 47 21.
56

23
 abov
e45 20 9.
17

Tot
al 218 100

Pr
otest
ant 88 40.
37

Or
thodox 124 56.
88
Rel
i
giousst
atus
Musl
i
m 6 2.
75

Tot
al 218 100

Bench 79 36.
24

Kaf
fa 35 16.
06

Amhar
a 46 21.
10

Et
hni
cit
y Or
omo 13 5.
96

Ot
her 45 20.
64

218
Tot
al
100

noteducat
ed 27 12.
39

r
eadandwr
it
e 93 42.
66

Educat
ional col
l
egeand 52 23.
85
st
atus abov
e

Ot
her 46 21.
10

Tot
al 218 100

Occupat
ional housewi
fe 26 11.
92
st
atus
Far
mer 15 6.
88

24
 cev
ilser
vant 34 15.
60

Mer
chant 23 10.
55

St
udent 73 33.
49

Ot
her 47 21.
56

Tot
al 218 100

Si
ngl
e 37 16.
98

Mar
ri
ed 105 48.
16

Di
vor
ced 5 2.
29
mar
it
alst
atus
ageunder
mar
ri
age 71 32.
57

Tot
al 218 100

Theabov
etabl
eshowst
hesoci
odemogr
aphi
cdat
aoft
hepopul
ati
onofsampl
ed
househol
dsf
rom t
hist
heagef
rom 0-
15y
ear
saccount
s32.
11%,
agef
rom 16-
30
y
ear
s37.
16%agef
rom 31-
45y
ear
s 21.
56%andt
heage>45y
ear
s9.
17%.The
mostcommon r
eli
gion i
nthi
s ar
ea i
s Or
thodox and i
taccount
s 56.
88%,
Pr
otest
antandMusl
i
m account
s40.
37%and2.
75%r
espect
ivel
y.

I
ntheVi
l
lagest
her
ear
eresi
dentf
rom di
ff
erentet
hni
cit
y.Resi
dent
shav
ingBench
et
hni
cit
ytaket
hel
argestpr
opor
ti
onabout36.
24% and f
oll
owed byAmhar
a
21.
10%,
other
s20.
64%,
Kaf
fa16.
06%,
andOr
omo5.
96%.

Educat
ioni
sani
mpor
tantf
act
ori
nfl
uenci
ngani
ndi
vi
dual
’
sat
ti
tudesand
oppor
tuni
ti
es.Accor
dingt
oourst
udyt
heeducat
ional
stat
usoft
hisv
il
lagei
s
12.
39%oft
hepopul
ati
onar
enoteducat
edand42.
66%canr
eadandwr
it
e,
23.
85%ar
eat
tendedt
hei
reducat
ionupt
ocol
l
egeandabov
e,21.
10%oft
he

25
popul
ati
onsar
eamongt
hei
ragegr
oupsar
enotr
eachedf
oreducat
ion

The occupat
ional
stat
usoft
hesampl
edpopul
ati
onsar
ethest
udent
s
occupi
est
hehi
ghestper
cent
,whi
chaccount
s33.
49%,
housewi
fe11.
92%,
far
mer
6.
88%,
ci
vi
lser
vant15.
60%,
mer
chant10.
55%andot
heraccount
s21.
56%.

Themar
it
alst
atusoft
hisv
il
lagei
soccupi
edbymar
red48.
16%andf
oll
owedby
ageundermar
ri
agew/
caccount
s32.
57%oft
hesampl
edpopul
ati
onandt
he
r
emai
ning16.
98%ar
esi
ngl
e.

7.
2.Env
ironment
alcondi
ti
on
Table2:Fr
equencydist
ri
buti
onofEnvi
ronment
alcondi
ti
onofi
nthe50sampl
ed
househol
dsinAndinetvi
ll
age,2023

Var
iabl
e Cat
egor
y Fr
equenc Per
cent
age
y

Numberofr
ooms Oner
oom 2 4
i
nthehouse
Twor
ooms 16 32

Thr
eer
ooms 13 26

Fourr
ooms 13 26

Fi
ve&abov
erooms 6 12

Tot
al 50 100

Onewi
ndow 6 12

Numberof
Twowi
ndow 16 32
windowsi
nthe
house
Thr
eewi
ndow 15 30

Four&abov
ewi
ndow 13 26

Tot
al 50 100

26
 Openeddur
ingv
isi
t 35 70
Openingst
atusof
windows NotOpeneddur
ingv
isi
t 15 30

Tot
al 50 100

Fr
equencyof Dai
ly 37 74
Openingst
atusof
windows Someti
mes 13 26

nev
eropened 0 0

Tot
al 50 100

Emergencyexi
t Hav
edoor 42 84
door
Hav
enodoor 8 16

Tot
al 50 100

Pr
esence 46 92
Presenceor
Absence 4 8
absenceof
ki
tchen
Tot
al 50 100

Kit
chenandmai
n Separ
ated 41 89.
13
house
Notsepar
ated 5 10.
87

Tot
al 46 100

wi
ndowsfor Hav
ewi
ndow 16 34.
78
Ki
tchen
Hav
enowi
ndow 30 65.
22

Tot
al 46 100

Exi
tofsmoke Hav
eexi
t 32 69.
57

Hav
enoexi
t 14 30.
43

Tot
al 46 100

27
Sourceofener
gy Wood 39 84.
78
forki
tchen
Char
coal 5 10.
87

El
ect
ri
c 2 4.
35

Tot
al 46 100

hav
elat
ri
ne 49 98

Lat
ri
ne hav
enol
atr
ine 1 2

Tot
al 50 100

Tr
adi
ti
onal
(Gur
guad) 7 14.
29
t
ype

l
atr
inet
ype Tr
adi
ti
onal
cov
eredt
ype 22 44.
9

Tobewashedt
ype 20 40.
81

Tot
al 49 100

Pr
ivat
e 13 26.
53
Lat
ri
neusage
Common 36 73.
47

Tot
al 49 100

Yes 13 26.
53
waterforhand
No 36 73.
47
washinginlat
ri
ne
Tot
al 49 100

Yes 47 94
Presenceofpi
t
No 3 6
(bi
rri
)
Tot
al 50 100

Dist
anceofbi
rri 0-
10 6 12.
77
fr
om lat
ri
neby
meter 11-
20 19 40.
42

21-
40 12 25.
53

28
 >41 10 21.
28

Tot
al 47 100

Yes 27 54
Presenceof
temporarysol
id No 23 46
wastestorage
Tot
al 50 100

Bur
row 25 50

Fi
eld 15 30

si
teofsol
idwast
e Muni
cipal 2 4
di
sposal
Ot
her 8 16

Tot
al 50 100

Cl
ean 33 66

overal
lcl
eanl
i
ness notcl
ean 17 34
ofthecompound
Tot
al 50 100

t
apwat
er 29 58

Pur
espr
ing 1 2
sourceofdr
inki
ng
water Pi
t(bi
rr
i) 20 40

Tot
al 50 100

Dai
l
yusageoH2O 10-
20L 13 26
i
nli
tt
er

21-
40L 16 32

>40L 21 42

29
 Tot
al 50 100

Presenceof Yes 14 28
domest i
c
animalsinhouse No 36 72
hold Tot
al 50 100

Presenceof Yes 14 100

separat
edhouse
No 0 0
fordomesti
c
animals Tot
al 14 100

Yes 46 92
Presenceof
el
ectri
cit
yint
he No 4 8
house
Tot
al 50 100

Thet
abl
eabov
eshows4%ofhouseshav
eoner
oom,
32%ofhouseshav
etwo
r
ooms,
26%hav
ethr
eer
ooms,
26%houseshav
efourr
oomsandt
her
emai
ning
12%houseshav
efi
veandabov
erooms.12%ofhouseshav
e1wi
ndows,
32%
ofhouseshav
etwowi
ndows,
30%ofhouseshav
ethr
eewi
ndowsand26%of
houseshav
efourandabov
ewi
ndows.Dur
ingv
isi
ti
ng,
70%ofhouses’
window
wasopened.Fr
om t
hose,
74%oft
hem hav
ebeenopeneddai
l
y,t
he26.
0%
wi
ndowshav
eopenedoccasi
onal
l
y,and30%ofhouseswer
enotopeneddur
ing
v
isi
t.

I
tal
soi
ndi
cat
est
hat92% oft
hesel
ect
edhousehol
dshav
eki
tchenofwhi
ch
89.
13%oft
hem ar
esepar
atedf
rom t
hemai
nhouses,
and10.
87%ar
ejoi
nedwi
th
t
hemai
nhouses.65.
22%ofki
tchenshav
enowi
ndowf
orenoughai
rsuppl
yand
69.
57%hav
eexi
tofsmock.Thecommonestener
gysour
cef
orki
tcheni
swood
84.
78%,
10.
87%char
coal
and4.
35%el
ect
ri
cit
y.

Thel
atr
inecondi
ti
onoft
he50sampl
edHHs.Fr
om t
hosehousehol
ds98%hav
e
l
atr
ineofwhi
ch14.
29%usest
radi
ti
onal
(gur
guad)
,44.
9%usest
radi
ti
onal
cov
ered

30
and40.
81% useswashedt
ypeofl
atr
ine.26.
53% ofhousehol
dsusedpr
ivat
e,
73.
47%househol
dsusescommonl
atr
ine.Fr
om t
het
otalHHswhi
chhasl
atr
ine
26.
53%hav
ethehandwashi
ngf
aci
l
iti
es.
butt
her
emai
ning73.
47%hav
enohand
washi
ngf
aci
l
ity
.Andt
her
emai
ning2%f
rom HHhav
enol
atr
ine.

Fr
om t
het
otalHH,94% ofhouseshav
ebi
rr
i.Fr
om t
hose12.
77% ofHH hav
e
l
atr
inei
n5-
10m di
stancef
rom t
hebi
rr
i,40.
42%hav
ein11-
20m,25.
53%hav
ein
21-
40m,
and25.
28%hav
ein41andabov
em di
stance.6%hav
enobi
rr
i.

Whenweseegener
alcl
eanl
i
nessoft
hecompound,66%ar
ecl
ean.The54%of
HHhav
etempor
arysol
i
dwast
est
orage.Bur
row 50%,f
iel
d30%,muni
cipal4%
andot
her16%usesast
hei
rsi
tef
ordi
sposal
.But46%ofHHhav
enot
empor
ary
sol
i
dwast
est
orageand44%ofHHcompoundsar
enotcl
ean.

Fr
om t
hishousehol
ds58.
0%HHsgett
het
apewat
erf
ordr
inki
ng,
2%gett
he
wat
erf
rom pur
espr
ingdai
l
yand40%getf
rom bi
rr
i.TheHHswhi
chhav
ethe
domest
icani
mal
sandf
rom t
hesampl
edhousehol
ds28%ofhousehol
dshav
e
domest
icani
mal
sandoft
his100%househol
ds’
hav
esepar
atehousef
or
domest
icani
mal
s.

Fr
om t
hesampl
edhousehol
d92%ofhouseshav
eel
ect
ri
csuppl
yand8%hav
e
l
ackofel
ect
ri
csuppl
y.

7.
3Mat
ernalandchi
ldheal
thcondi
ti
on
Tabl
e3: f
requencydist
ri
buti
onforMater
nalandchi
l
dheal
thcondi
ti
oni
nthe50
sampledhouseholdsinAndi
netvi
ll
ages,
2023

Var
iabl
e Cat
egor
y Fr
equency Per
cent
age

Theageofwomen <18 16 30.

77
whentheymar
ri
ed
>=18 36 69.
23

Tot
al 52 100

Theageoft
he <18 10 19.
61
womenwhengav
e
31
 bi
rt
h 18-
35 41 80.
39

Tot
al 51 100

Yes 40 83.
33

No 7 14.
59
useoff
ami
l
y
pl
anni
ng Di
scont
inued 1 2.
08

Tot
al 48 100

Pi
l
ls 3 7.
5

t
ypef
ami
l
y I
nject
ion 27 67.
5

pl
anni
ngused I
mpl
anon 10 25

Tot
al 40 100

BecauseIdon'
thav
e 1 14.
26
t
heknowl
edge

I
tisnotsui
tabl
efor 2 28.
57
Reasonofnot hi
sheal
th
usingf amily
planning Ot
her 4 57.
17

Tot
al 7 100

Yes 3 6

Abor
ti
on No 47 94

Tot
al 50 100

Presenceof Yes 2 4
pregnantwomeni
n
thefamil
y No 48 96

32
 Tot
al 50 100

Yes 37 92.
5
ant
enat
alcheck-
updur
ingl
ast No 3 7.
5
pr
egnancy
Tot
al 40 100

One 1 2.
08

Twi
ce 1 2.
08
Frequencyof Thr
ee 5 10.
42
foll
owup
Four&abov
eti
mes 41 84.
42

Tot
al 48 100

Yes 8 16.
33
Gi
venbi
rt
hwi
th
No 41 83.
67
past12mont
h
Tot
al 49 100

ser
vicesof I
naheal
thf
aci
l
ity 8 100
del
i
ver
ytaken
Tot
al 8 100
ar
ea

Yes 3 37.
5

post
nat
alcar
e No 5 62.
5

Tot
al 8 100

Womenr
ecei
ved TT1 27 30
TTv
acci
nat
ion
TT2 27 30

TT3 16 17.
78

TT4 13 14.
4

33
 TT5 7 7.
78

Tot
al 90 100

Yes 25 50
under5chi
l
dren
No 25 50
i
nthef
ami
l
y
Tot
al 50 100

1-
12mont
h 8 32

Br
eastf
eedi
ng 13-
24mont
h 6 24

dur
ati
on >24mont
h 11 44

Tot
al 25 100

<si
xmont
h 1 4.
17
St
art
ingof
compl
ement
ary >=si
xmont
h 23 95.
83
f
oods
Tot
al 24 100

Exper
ienced 13 52

har
mf ultr
adit
ional NotExper
ienced 12 48
practi
ce
25
Tot
al
100

Thei
ruv
ulawer
ecut 9 69.
23
andt
hei
rthr
oat
swer
e

Typeofharmful scratched
t
radit
ional
pract
ice
t
oothretr
act
ion 4 30.
77

Tot
al 13 100

Vacci
nat
ionof<2 BCG 12 100

34
 Pol
i
o1 12 100

Pol
i
o2 9 75

Pol
i
o3 7 58.
3

Pent
a1 12 100

Pent
a2 9 75
y
earchi
l
dren’
s
Pent
a3 7 58.
3

PCV1 12 100

PCV2 9 75

PCV3 7 58.
3

Measl
es 5 41.
6

I
nthest
udypopul
ati
on,
from mar
ri
edsampl
edpopul
ati
on30.
77%oft
hem mar
ry
atagebel
ow18and69.
23%mar
ryatorabov
e18y
ear
sofage.Theageat
whi
chchi
l
dbear
ingcommencesi
sani
mpor
tantdet
ermi
nantoft
heov
eral
ll
evel
off
ert
il
it
yaswel
last
heheal
thandwel
l
-bei
ngoft
hemot
herandchi
l
d.80.
39%of
womengav
ebi
rt
hatt
heagegr
eat
ert
hanorequal
to18dur
ingt
hei
rfi
rstbi
rt
h
and19.
61%oft
hem hav
ethei
rfi
rstbi
rt
hatt
heagebel
ow18.Among
r
epr
oduct
iveagegr
oupwoman83.
33%usef
ami
l
ypl
anni
ng.Themostf
requent
choi
ceoff
ami
l
ypl
anni
ngmet
hodamongt
hewomen’
sinr
epr
oduct
iveagei
nthe
v
il
lagesi
sinj
ectabl
e(67.
5%)
,7.
5% usepi
l
ls,
25%usei
mpl
anol
.14.
59%f
emal
e
don’
tusef
ami
l
ypl
anni
ngduet
odi
ff
erentr
easons.Oft
hoser
easons28.
57ar
e
duet
onotsui
tabl
efort
hei
rheal
th,
14.
26duet
olackofknowl
edgeand57.
17due
t
oot
herr
easons.

Amongt
hest
udypopul
ati
ont
hepr
egnantwomenar
e4%andt
hepr
egnant
mot
her
swhousedt
heANCser
vicedur
ingt
hei
rlastpr
egnancywer
e92.
5%.Of

35
t
hesepr
egnantmot
her
sthosewhov
isi
tedonet
imewer
e2.
08%t
wot
imeswer
e
2.
08%,
visi
tedt
hreet
imeswer
e10.
42%,
andt
hosewhov
isi
tfourandabov
ewer
e
84.
42%

Amongt
hest
udyHHst
hemot
her
swhogav
ebi
rt
hinl
ast12mont
hswer
e16.
33%
andal
loft
his100%wer
edel
i
ver
edatheal
thi
nst
it
uti
onand37.
5%f
oll
owedt
hei
r
post
nat
alcar
e.Mostoft
hewoman(
30%)t
ookt
t1&t
t2v
acci
nat
ion.I
nthe
st
udi
edHHSt
henumberofchi
l
drenunderf
ivey
ear
swer
e50%.
32%oft
hem
wer
ebr
east
fedf
or12mont
h,24%f
ort
woy
ear
sandt
heot
her44%f
orgr
eat
er
t
han2y
ear
s.4.
17%ofchi
l
drenst
art
edcompl
ement
aryf
eedi
ngbel
owsi
xmont
hs

I
nthest
udi
edHHS Fr
om t
het
otalchi
l
dren25underf
ivechi
l
dren13(
52%)
chi
l
drenexper
iencedhar
mfult
radi
ti
onalpr
act
ice,f
rom t
hist
hemaj
ori
tywas
cut
ti
ngofuv
ula9(
69.
23%)and4(
30.
77%)oft
hechi
l
drenwer
eexposedt
omi
l
k
t
eet
hext
ract
ion.

Fr
om undert
woy
earchi
l
dren’
sint
hest
udy100%oft
hem getBCG,pol
i
o1,and
pent
a1.

7.
4Gener
alf
ami
lyheal
thcondi
ti
on

Table4fr
equencydi
str
ibuti
onf
orgener
alf
ami
l
ycondi
ti
oni
nthe50sampl
ed
househol
dsi
nAndinetvil
l
ages,
2023

Var
iabl
e Cat
egor
y f
requency Per
cent
age

Whohav
edi
arr
hea Under5 5 62.
5
i
nlastt
woweeks
5y
ear&abov
e 3
37.
5

Tot
al
8 100

What i
s done Av
oidi
ngt
aki
ngf
lui
d 15 30
per
son hav
e
Gi
vi
ngf
lui
d 60

36
di
arr
heai
nfami
l
y 30

Gi
vi
ngORS 5 10

Tot
al 50 100

Wher
e does t
he Toheal
thi
nst
it
uti
on 50 100
f
ami
l
y member
s
Tr
adi
ti
onal
treat
ment 0 0
t
aken when t
hey
getsi
ck Homet
reat
ment 0 0

Tot
al 100
50

Deat
hinf
ami
l
yin Yes 2 4
l
ast12mont
h
No 48 96

Tot
al 50 100

I
nabov
est
udy62.
5%ofunderf
ivechi
l
dren’
sdev
elopdi
arr
heai
nlastt
woweeks
and37.
5oft
hepopul
ati
onst
udyi
sfi
veandabov
eyear
s.I
nthi
svi
l
lagest
udy
i
mpl
i
est
hat100%canv
isi
theal
thf
aci
l
itywhent
heygetsi
ck.Outo50HH,30%
oft
hem av
oidf
lui
d,60% gi
vesf
lui
d,and10% wer
egi
vef
lui
dwhent
her
eis
di
arr
heai
nfami
l
y.

Fr
om 50HH,
2(4%)ofhousehol
dswasi
nlast12mont
hs.(
1Gal
l
stone,
1mal
ari
a)

7.
5Regar
dingt
oHI
VAI
DS
Tabl
e5:f
requencydi
str
ibut
ionr
egar
dingt
oHI
VAI
DS i
nAndenetv
il
lage,
2023

Var
iabl
e Cat
egor
y f
requenc Per
cent
age
y

Knowl
edgeHI
V Yes 46 92

37
 No 4 8
t
ransmi
ssi
on
Tot
al 50 100

Yes 46 92
knowHI
V
pr
event
ion No 4 8
met
hods
Tot
al 50 100

Knowl
edgeon Yes 39 78
v
olunt
aryHI
V
No 11 22
t
est
ingand
counsel
i
ng Tot
al 50 100

Yes 37 74

t
est
edf
orHI
V No 13 26

Tot
al 50 100

B/
cIdon’
tknowi
t 1 7.
69
adv
ant
age

I
'
m notv
ulner
abl
etot
he 11 84.
62
v
irusb/
cIdon'
tbel
i
evei
n
Reasonfornot
test
ed t
hev
irus

B/
cIdon'
thav
eananswer
/I 1 7.
69
don'
thav
ear
eason

Tot
al 13 100

Fr
om t
het
otal
popul
ati
on92%oft
hem knowaboutHI
V/AI
DSt
ransmi
ssi
onand
92%knowt
hewayofpr
event
ion.Manyt
hecommuni
ti
es(
92%)knowbr
ief
lyon
t
het
ransmi
ssi
on.78%hav
eknowl
edgeonVCTand74%t
est
edf
orHI
Vand26%

38
wer
enott
est
edduet
odi
ff
erentr
easons(
BecauseIam v
ulner
abl
e84.
62%,
lack
ofknowl
edge7.
69%andIdon'
thav
ereason7.
69%.

8.Qual
it
ati
vedat
aresul
tandanal
ysi
s

8.
1In–dept
hint
erv
iewofkeyi
nfor
mant
s
Tabl
e5Fr
equencydi
str
ibut
ionf
orI
n–dept
hint
erv
iewofkeyi
nfor
mant
s

Var
iabl
e Cat
egor
y f
requency Per
cent
age

Commonheal
th Mal
ari
a 4 57.
14
r
elat
edpr
obl
emsi
n
Ty
phoi
d 2 28.
57
v
il
lage
Measl
es 1 14.
29

Tot
al 7 100

w/
cpr
obl
em i
s Mal
ari
a 4 100

39
ser
ious Ty
phoi
d 0 0

Measl
es 0 0

Tot
al 4 100

Whati
sdonet
o Bedneti
spr
ovi
ded 4 66.
67
sol
vet
hepr
obl
em
Educat
ionbyheal
th 2 33.
33
(
gov
’tal
)
ext
ensi
onwor
ker
s

Tot
al 6 100

Themaj
or Mal
ari
a 4 80
communi
cabl
e
Ty
phoi
d 1 20
di
seasei
nthi
s
v
il
lage Tot
al 5 100

Noncommuni
cabl
e HTN 4 36.
37
di
sease
DM 2 18.
18

Ast
hma 2 18.
18

Hear
tpr
obl
em 2 18.
18

Ki
dneypr
obl
em 1 9.
09

Tot
al 11 100

Theabov
etabl
eshowsbasedont
hekeyi
nfor
mant
sthemostcommonheal
th
pr
obl
em i
nthi
skebel
eismal
ari
aw/
caccount
s57.
14%andi
tismostsev
er.The
gov
ernmentdi
str
ibut
edbednetandpr
ovi
desheal
theducat
ionbyheal
th
ext
ensi
onwor
ker
stosol
vet
hepr
obl
ems.Themaj
orcommuni
cabl
edi
seasei
s
mal
ari
a(80%)andHTN(
36.
37%)i
snoncommuni
cabl
eone.

40
8.
2wat
ersuppl
y,sani
tat
ionandmal
ari
alpr
event
ion(
obser
vat
ion)

Tabl
e6;
Frequencydi
str
ibut
ionf
orwat
ersuppl
y,sani
tat
ionandmal
ari
al
pr
event
ion

Var
iabl
e Cat
egor
y f
requency Per
cent
age

Doesr
oads&swagel
i
necl
ean Yes 1 25

No 3 75

Tot
al 4 100

I
mpr
operwast
edi
sposal
sit
e Yes 3 75

No 1 25

Tot
al 4 100

Doeswast
edi
sposal
cont
ainer Yes 0 0

No 4 100

Tot
al 4 100

Publ
i
clat
ri
ne Yes 1 25

No 3 75

Tot
al 4 100

Opendef
ecat
ion Yes 0 0

No 4 100

Tot
al 4 100

Di
tchf
orl
i
qui
dwast
edi
sposal Yes 4 100

No 0 0

Tot
al 4 100

I
swat
ersour
cecl
ean Yes 3 75

No 1 25

41
 Tot
al 4 100

Swampyar
eaf
ormal
ari
a Yes 1 25

No 3 75

Tot
al 4 100

Theabov
etabl
eshows25%ofcl
eannessofswageandr
oads,
impr
operwast
e
di
sposal
,100%absenceofwast
edi
sposal
cont
ainer
,80%publ
i
clat
ri
ne,
hasno
opendef
ecat
ion(
100%)
.Twot
hir
dofwat
ersour
cei
scl
ean75%andt
her
eis
swampyar
eaf
ormal
ari
abr
eadi
ng25%.

9DI
SCUSSI
ON
Accor
dingt
othi
sdat
athesexr
ati
oshowedt
hat106mal
est
o112f
emal
es.Our
st
udyshowst
hatt
het
otal
popul
ati
onofsampl
edhousehol
dis218,
ofwhi
ch
48.
62%ar
emal
eand51.
38%ar
efemal
e.

EDHS2016show onei
nfourhousehol
dsi
nEt
hiopi
ahav
eaccesst
oel
ect
ri
cit
y
(
93% i
nur
banar
easand8% i
nrur
alar
eas)
.Accor
dingt
oourst
udy92% of
sheshekakebel
eket
ena2 househol
dshav
eel
ect
ri
csuppl
ythi
sshowst
hat
ket
ena2househol
dshav
ever
yhi
ghsuppl
yofel
ect
ri
cit
y.Accor
dingt
oourst
udy
30.
77%ofwomenmar
ri
edbel
ow18whi
l
e2016EDHSshowsFi
ft
y-ei
ghtper
cent
ofwomenandonl
y9%ofmenage25-
49mar
rybef
oret
hei
r18t
hbi
rt
hday
.Thi
s
gapmaybeduet
osoci
al,
cul
tur
alorl
ackofknowl
edgeef
fectont
hewomen.

6%ofEt
hiopi
anhousehol
dsusei
mpr
ovedt
oil
etf
aci
l
iti
esbutourst
udyshows
bet
terst
ate(
40.
81%)i
nket
ena2,
Andenetv
il
lages)
.Thi
smaybeduet
othe
super
visi
onbyt
heheal
thext
ensi
onsandi
ncr
easedawar
enessi
nthecommuni
ty.

I
nEt
hiopi
a,97% ofur
banhousehol
dshav
eaccesst
oani
mpr
ovedsour
ceof
dr
inki
ngwat
er,ascompar
edwi
th57% ofr
uralhousehol
dswhi
l
eourst
udyi
n
ket
ene2,Andi
netv
il
lagesshowed t
hat58% ofhousehol
dshav
eaccesst
o
i
mpr
ovedwat
er.Soket
ena2,
Andi
enetv
il
lage’
shousehol
dshav
east
ateofbet
ter

42
t
hanr
ural
househol
dsandl
essert
hanur
banhousehol
dsofEt
hiopi
a.

I
nEt
hiopi
athemedi
anageatf
ir
stbi
rt
his19.
2.I
nourst
udyi
nket
ene2Andenet
v
il
lages19.
61%ofwomenhav
ethei
rfi
rstbi
rt
hatt
heagebel
ow18.80.
39%of
womenhav
eageofgr
eat
ert
han18dur
ingt
hei
rfi
rstbi
rt
h.Themostcommonl
y
usedcont
racept
ivemet
hodf
orcur
rent
lymar
ri
edwomeni
nEt
hiopi
aisi
nject
abl
e
(
23%)aswel
lourst
udi
esal
sogett
hesamer
esul
twi
thhi
gherpr
efer
encer
ateof
i
nject
abl
econt
racept
ive.(
67.
5%)off
ami
l
ypl
anni
nguser
susei
nject
abl
eand
16.
67%womendi
dnotusedanyt
ypeofcont
racept
iveduet
odi
ff
erentr
easons.
Amongt
hese14.
26%l
ackknowl
edge.Ourst
udyshows100%ofwomenget
del
i
ver
yinheal
thf
aci
l
itywhi
l
e2016EDHSshow20%womengetdel
i
ver
yin
heal
thf
aci
l
ity
.Thi
sincr
easemaybeseenduet
oincr
easei
naccessi
bil
i
tyi
n
heal
thf
aci
l
iti
esandst
ri
ctpol
i
cyoft
hegov
ernment
.

I
nEt
hiopi
a,Ov
eral
l
,42% ofchi
l
drenunderage6mont
hsar
ebr
east
feedi
ng,but
ourst
udyshowst
hat4.
17%ofchi
l
drenst
art
edcompl
ement
aryf
eedi
ngbel
owsi
x
mont
hs.

Fr
om t
hei
nter
view,
har
mful
tradi
ti
onal
pract
icewasexer
cisedmanyofHH.Thi
s
i
ndi
cat
est
her
ewassomegaponcommuni
tyawar
enessi
nthenegat
iveheal
th
i
mpactofhar
mful
tradi
ti
onal
pract
ice.

43
10.CONCLUSI
ONANDRECOMMENDATI
ON

10.
1CONCLUSI
ON
Accor
dingt
oourst
udyweconcl
udet
hatmostoft
heHHhav
elat
ri
neandi
nmost
oft
heHH,
thedi
stanceofl
atr
inef
rom t
hebi
rr
iis11.
20met
er(
40.
42%)
.fr
om
t
heseMostoft
hem ar
etr
adi
ti
onal
cov
eredt
ypeofl
atr
ineandmaj
ori
tyoft
hem
usecommonl
atr
ine.Al
mostf
ewoft
heHHshadhav
ehandwashi
ngf
aci
l
ity
at
tachedt
othel
atr
ine.MostHHshav
esol
i
dwast
edi
sposal
placeandf
ewHHS
di
sposessol
i
dwast
esont
hef
iel
d.Whenweseegener
alcl
eannessofmostof
t
heHHoft
hecompound,
itwascl
ean.Mostoft
heHHusest
apwat
erf
or
dr
inki
ng.

Mostwomenusedi
nject
abl
ety
pesofcont
racept
ive.Somewomenl
ack
knowl
edgeaboutcont
racept
ives.Mostofunder5chi
l
drenst
artcompl
ement
ary
f
eedi
ngatt
heappr
opr
iat
eper
iod.Ther
eishi
ghpr
eval
enceofhar
mful
tradi
ti
onal
pr
act
icesi
nthesev
il
lages.

Someoft
hehousehol
ds(
28%)hav
edomest
icani
mal
andal
l100%hav
e
separ
atedhouse.

Al
mostal
lrespondent
shav
eawar
enessaboutt
hewayoft
ransmi
ssi
onand
pr
event
ionofHI
V/AI
DSbutf
ewhav
enoawar
eness.Mostoft
her
espondent
s

44
hav
egoodknowl
edgeonVol
unt
arycounsel
i
ngandt
est
ing.

10.
2RECOMMENDATI
ON

Thef
oll
owi
ngr
ecommendat
ionswer
efor
war
ded.

1.To t
own admi
nist
rat
ion and Zonalheal
th depar
tmentwi
th concer
ned
st
akehol
der
sshoul
dwor
ktoi
mpr
ovet
heawar
enessoft
hecommuni
tyabout
pr
operwast
est
orageanddi
sposal
,ki
tchenandl
atr
ineut
il
izat
ion,handwashi
ng
f
aci
l
ityi
nlat
ri
ne

2.The Mi
zan Aman t
own admi
nist
rat
ion heal
th of
fi
ce and t
he concer
ned
st
akehol
derbet
terwor
ktocr
eat
eawar
enessabouthar
mful
tradi
ti
onal
pract
ice.

3.Aswegeti
nthecommuni
tyt
her
ear
esomanypr
obl
emsi
nthecommuni
ty,
so
f
ort
hef
utur
e,Heal
thext
ensi
onwor
ker
sbet
tert
ocr
eat
eawar
enessr
egar
dingt
o,
t
heef
fectofear
lymar
ri
age,
andl
ackofknowl
edgeaboutHI
V/AI
DSt
est
ing.

4.CBTPpr
ogr
amsar
econduct
edbydi
ff
erentdepar
tment
sfr
om MTUbutst
il
l
nowt
her
eisnoi
nter
vent
ionpr
ogr
am ont
hest
udi
edpr
obl
emssot
heuni
ver
sit
y
shoul
dhav
etopr
epar
eint
erv
ent
ionpr
ogr
amsf
ort
hei
dent
if
iedheal
thpr
obl
ems.

45
11.Pr
obl
em i
dent
if
icat
ion
1.Ear
lychi
l
dbear
ing

2.Har
mful
tradi
ti
onal
pract
ice

3.Lackofhandwashi
ngf
aci
l
ityt
olat
ri
nes

4.Ear
lymar
ri
age

5.Lackofknowl
edgeoff
ami
l
ypl
anni
ng

6.“
Presenceofmosqui
tobr
eedi
ngsi
te”

7.Lackofknowl
edgeoni
nit
iat
ingf
lui
ddur
ingl
oss

8.I
nappr
opr
iat
ewast
edi
sposal
syst
em

9.Cl
osenessofbi
rr
ifr
om l
atr
ine

12.Pr
obl
em pr
ior
it
izat
ion

46
Fr
om t
hedat
acol
l
ect
edwei
dent
if
iedsomespeci
fi
cpr
obl
em oft
hecommuni
ty
f
ori
nter
vent
ion.Byusi
ngsev
encr
it
eri
ahadbeenconsi
der
edt
opr
ior
it
izet
he
abov
e-ment
ionedpr
obl
ems.Togi
ver
ankf
ort
hepr
obl
ems,
weconsi
der

 sust
ainabi
l
ity  communi
tyconcer
n

 magni
tudeoft
hepr
obl
em  sev
eri
tyoft
hepr
obl
em

 f
easi
bil
i
ty

Tabl
e4:
cri
ter
iaf
ori
dent
if
icat
ionofpr
obl
emsi
nAndenetv
il
lages,
2023

i
lt

y
I
dent
if
iedpr
obl
em Tot
al Rank

nabi

t
ude

Communi
t
i
ly
y

n
bi
t

concer
ai
Magni

Feasi
er

Sust
Sev

y
Ear
lymar
ri
age 3 4 3 2 2 14 6

Har
m f
ull t
radi
ti
onal 5 4 3 2 2 16 4
pr
act
ice

l
ack of hand washi
ng 5 5 4 2 3 18 3
f
aci
l
ityat
tachedt
olat
ri
nes

Ear
lychi
l
dbi
rt
h 4 4 3 2 2 15 5

Lack ofknowl
edge about 3 3 3 2 2 13 7
f
ami
l
ypl
anni
ng

“
Presence of mosqui
to 4 5 4 3 4 20 2
br
eedi
ngsi
te”

Lack of knowl
edge on 3 4 2 1 2 12 8
i
nit
iat
ingf
lui
ddur
ingl
oss

I
nappr
opr
iat
e wast
e 5 5 4 3 4 21 1
di
sposal
syst
em

47
 Cl
oseness ofl
atr
ine f
rom 4 3 1 1 2 11 9
bi
ri

Wher
e

 5=v
ery

 4=hi
gh

 3=moder
ate

 2=l
ow

 1=v
eryl
ow

13.Act
ionpl
an
Table5:Act
ionpl
anf
orpr
ior
it
izedofpr
obl
emsi
nAndi
netandGet
ert
echnol
ogy
v
il
lages,
2022

S Pr
ior
it
ized Obj
ect
ives St
rat
egi
es Act
ivi
ti
es I
ndi
cat Resp. Ti
me
. Pr
obl
ems or
s body Fr
am
N e

1 I
nappr
opr
ia Tor
educef
il
edwast
e Maki
ng Pr
epar
ing Env
iron Gr
oup Fr
om
t
ewast
e di
sposal
from 30t
o good& wast
e ment
al memb Jun1
di
sposal 15%i
nket
ena02 at
tract
ive cont
ainer cl
eanne er
s 2-23
sy
stem andenetv
il
lageunt
il env
’tf
or ss /
202
Cl
eani
ng Comm
Jun2023 heal
th 3
env
ironme uni
ty
Toi
ncr
easesol
i
d nt
HEW
wast
est
oragef
rom
54t
o64%i
nket
ena Kebel
e
02,
andenetv
il
lage
unt
ilJun2023

48
2 “
Presence Tor
educemosqui
to Heal
th Dr
aini
ng Absenc Gr
oup Fr
om
of br
eedi
ngsi
tei
n educat
ion swampy eof memb Jun1
mosqui
to ket
ena02,andenet
, ar
ea br
eedi
n er
s 2-23
Er
adi
cat
ing
br
eedi
ng v
il
lage unt
ilJun gsi
te /
202
br
eedi
ng Usi
ng Comm
si
te” 2023 3
si
te i
nsect
ici
de uni
ty
s

3 l
ackof Toi
ncr
easehand Heal
th Homet
o Pr
esen Gr
oup Fr
om
hand washi
ngf
aci
l
ityf
rom educat
ion home ceof memb Jun1
washi
ng 26.
53t
o100%i
n educat
ion hand er
s 2-23
f
aci
l
ity ket
ena02andenet on washi
n /
202
at
tachedt
o v
il
lageunt
ilJun g 3
Pr
epar
ing
l
atr
ines 2023 f
aci
l
ity
hand
i
n
washi
ng
l
atr
ine
f
aci
l
ity

4 Har
mful Todecr
easehar
mful Heal
th Homet
o Ver
bal
i Gr
oup Fr
om
t
radi
ti
onal t
radi
ti
onal
pract
ice Educat
ion home zat
ion memb Jun1
pr
act
ice f
rom 52t
o40%i
n heal
th of er
s 2-23
ket
ena02,
andenet educat
ion conseq /
202
v
il
lageunt
ilJun uence 3
2023 about
har
mful
t
radi
ti
o
nal
pr
act
ic
49
 e

5 Ear
lychi
l
d Tor
educeear
lychi
l
d Heal
th Cr
eat
ing Comm Gr
oup Fr
om
bear
ing bear
ingf
rom 19.
61 Educat
ion communi
ty uni
ty memb Jun1
t
o10%i
nket
ena02, sessi
onon accept er
s 2-23
unt
ilJun2023 ear
lychi
l
d ance /
202
HEW
bear
ing 3
Comm
uni
ty

6 Ear
ly Todecr
easet
he Heal
th Homet
o Ver
bal
i Gr
oup Fr
om
mar
ri
age per
cent
ageofunder Educat
ion home zat
ion memb Jun1
18mar
ri
agei
n heal
th of er
s 2-23
ket
ene02,
andenet educat
ion conseq /
202
HEW
v
il
lagef
rom 30.
77% uence 3
t
o20%si
nceJun about Comm
2023 ear
ly uni
ty
mar
ri
ag
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