ELEMENTS OF ART Expressive Lines

- - The Elements of Art are a commonly used in - tend to be found in nature and are very organic
analyzing an artwork. It is usually combined
Constructive Lines
with the Principlesof Art.
- - Also Known as the building blocks of an art - They tend to appear to be man-made because
work. of their precision.
- very measured, geometric, directional and
angular
LINES

Real lines
SHAPES
- are the ones that we draw and the ones that
Geometric Shapes
are the seen.
- have smooth even edges and are measurable.
Implied Lines
Then include the square, the circle, the triangle
- are created through the sense of the line being and the rectangle.
there.
Organic Shapes
Heavenly Weighted Lines
- have more complicated edges and are usually
- objects appear coming forward found in nature. Leaves, flowers, ameba, etc.

Lightly Weighted Lines Shape to Form and Examples

- object appears receding (going back) - A triangle becomes a cone or a pyramid

- A square becomes a cube
Horizontal
- A rectangle can become a box or a cylinder
- are generally restful, like the horizon, where the
Value
sky meets land.
- Value is the lightness or darkness of a color.
Vertical
- This is a way of giving a work of art Contrast.
- seem to be reaching, so they may seem
Cross Hatching
inspirational like tall majestic trees or church
steeples - is when you use irregular lengths of parallel
lines that cross over each other diagonally.
Diagonal

- tend to be disturbing. They suggest decay or

Stippling
chaos like lightening or falling trees
- is the use of dots to create shade.
Zigzag

- Create a sense of chaos, Fast moving eye, These

lines slant and are diagonal lines connected at COLOR
each point. These lines can portray action and
Colors
excitement.
- Color can add interest and reality to artwork.
Spiral
- These colors are: Red, Yellow, Orange, Green,
- Create a sense of infinity/never ending Indigo, Blue and Violet (ROY B BIV)
movement, feminine and graceful curves. - There are 3 primary colors: Red, Yellow and
Organic, free flowing. Sensual quality Blue
 - is the way the surface of an object actually feel.

Tactile Texture

- is the way the surface of an object actually feel.

- Sandpaper, cotton, balls

Implied Texture

- is the way the surface of an object looks like it

feels.
Color Wheel
SPACE
- A long time ago, artists decided that these
Spaces
colors would be more useful to them if they
were placed in a wheel fashion. This became - Space can be shallow or deep depending on
known as the color wheel what the artist wants to use.

Color Scheme Shallow space

- Color is divided into groups based on the way - is used when the artist has objects very close to
they are placed on the color wheel the viewer.

Analogous color scheme Deep Space

- 3-4 colors “next-door-neighbors” to each other - may show objects up close but objects are
shown far away too.
Complimentary color scheme
Positive space
- 2 colors that are directly opposite each other
(going across the center) - is the actual object(s) within the artwork.

Split-Complimentary color scheme Negative Space

- complimentary color and the two colors on - is the area in and around the objects.
either side of its compliment.
Perspective
Triadic color scheme
- is when the artist uses a vanishing point on the
- uses 3 colors that are equally spaced apart on horizon.
the color wheel
Overlap
Monochromatic color scheme
- When objects are overlapped
- only one color plus its tints and shade.
Foreground
Warm colors
- area is considered to be the lower 1/3 of the
- are those that have Reds, Yellows and Oranges. picture plane.
Warm colors seem to advance (or come
forward) in an artwork.

Cool colors
Middle Ground
- are those that have Blues, Greens and Violets.
Cool colors seem to recede (or go back into) an - area is considered to be the middle 1/3 of the
artwork. picture plane.
Texture Background
 - area is considered to be the upper 1/3 of the LINE QUALITY - The THICKNESS and THINNESS of lines)
picture plane. LINES have different thicknesses that artists call their
weight.

PRINCIPLES OF ART

- What makes an effective composition LESSON 8 READING THE IMAGE

Movement Basic Documentary Information

- shows actions, or alternatively, the path the 1. Title

viewer's eye follows throughout an artwork.
2. Date of the Work
- give the feeling of action and to guide the
viewer's eyes throughout the artwork. 3. Artist
Unity Basic Semiotic Plane
- wholeness - study of signs, elements, technical, and physical
- feeling of completeness. aspect of the work
- consist of signifier and signified
Harmony
- signified is the subject itself
- using similar elements throughout the work - signifiers the name of the art
- gives an uncomplicated look to a piece of
Iconic Plane
artwork.
- repetition and rhythm. - signifier-signified relationship
Variety - features and quality of image
- is the quality or state of having different forms - choice of subject
or types.
Contextual Plane
Proportion
- putting the work in context
- measurement of the size and quantity of
elements within a composition. - meaning of the work

Balance - concepts, values, emotions, attitude, atmosphere,

sensory experience
- arranging elements so that no one part of a
work overpowers Evaluative Plane
1. Symmetrical - (or formal) balance is when both - form and content
sides of an artwork, if split down the middle, - full meaning of the work
appear to be the same.

2. Asymmetrical balance - is the balance that LESSON 9 RULE OF THIRDS

does not weigh equally on both sides.
Purpose of Rule of Thirds

- best understood by analyzing a blank surface. This

ELEMENTS AND PRINCIPLES OF ART could be a sheet of drawing paper or your canvas.
- The Elements of Art are a commonly used in analyzing - Composition is one of the most important factors in
an artwork. It is usually combined with the Principlesof the success or failure of your art.
Art.

- Also Known as the building blocks of an art work.

Functions of Rule of Thirds

- These locations of intersection are excellent

places to position important elements within
your composition. You may place the focal
point(s) on one of these intersecting points in
order to create a more
- Placing important elements on any of these
lines often leads to a more successful
- Fragment of the Stele of the Vultures, Early
composition.
Dynastic III period (2600–2350 BC)
Composition

Landscape - First, The Rule of Thirds can improve your

compositions. Secondly, we must consider other
compositional aspects in order for it to work.

Portrait - This pattern emphasizes the face and works

How many boxes

How many lines

1. Ancient Arts of China
How many focal point
- Collection of Terracotta Army (1974)

- depicts the armies of Qin Shi Huang (First emperor)

LESSON 10 ART HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT

1. Prehistoric (10,000 B.C)

- Associated with religious function

- reflected on the building of palaces and temples

- Various Artists
2. Ancient Arts of India
2. Ancient Egyptian (600 B.C)
- Bhimbetka rock shelter
- connote a religious function

- buildings tombs and preserving the remain dead

- Mastaba (Eternal house) Chamber for dead(Tomb)

- female figure, Samara

- Taj Mahal (1648) “Teardrop on the Cheek of eternity”

- Emperor Shah Jahan (Mumtaz Mahal).

- Nimrud Ivories, Neo-Assyrian period (9th-7th centuries)

 - Follow the principle of design (harmony
proportion/ balance)
- Sculpture evolved from the frontal and rigid
“kouroi” or “kouros”
- Sculpture gave way the creation of the
transitional movement.
- Phidias/ Polykleitos/Myron/ Praxiteles
Western Art (Primitive Age) 3. Hellenistic Period
- End of the Golden age of Athens
▪ Arts is related to culture (way of life/ belief)
- 404 BC – Peloponesian War (Spartans –
▪ Early primitive people paints animal on the wall of Athenians)
cave to have successful hunting. - 338 BC – Alexander the Great conquered Greek
cities.
▪ Sculpture is associated with magical belief - Greek sculpture was influenced by the Oriental
▪ Small animals statue are the first subject of sculpture. and the political instability.
- This gave way to the rise of new set of aesthetic
Western Art (Primitive Age) ideals.
▪ Fertility statues are made PRE-HISTORY TIMELINE
because of the belief (bring many Paleolithoc Age
offspring/ survival of human - Used to mark the time when there were no
species) written records or verbal accounts of man’s
activities (80,000 B.C and 5,000 B.C)
▪ Architecture is learned when man - refres to paintings, engravings, sculpture, and
other forms of art
discovered burying the death.
- it began in 30,000 B.C and ended 5,000 B.C
▪ Gravestones are the first - men lived in caves and natural shelters
- gathered wild crops and wild honey, hunted
architectural designs.
large animals
THREE GREEK SCULPTURE - use animals for food and skin and furs for
clothing
1. Archaic Period - fat for fuel lamps
- Arts were influenced by the earlier civilization - Hunting elephants, Bison, reindeer, bear, horse,
of Mesopotamia and Egypt. bull and rhinoceros
- Geometric art (Pottery)
- Archaic period focuses on nude sculpture. Mesolithic Age
- Kouros (nude male figure of athlete)
- Kore (fully clad female figure)
GRAVESTONE
2. Classical Period
1. Dolmens - are "stone table" in Breton, made up
- Remarkable civilization of ancient Greek.
of a number of vertical megaliths with
- Golden age of Athens (Socrates/ Plato/
horizontal slab.
Aristotle)
2. Menhirs - are monuments consisting of a single
- Outstanding period of cultural achievement
large piece of megalith.
- Aesthetic ideals (emphasize form/ implying a
3. Cromlechs - made up of a number of megaliths
rigorous artistic discipline in conforming to a
in concentric circle extending a wide area
schema or to a certain artistic convention
- Exhibit an intellectual order (philosophical)
ARTISTS FROM LESSON 10 FRENCH IMPRESSIONISTS

1. ANDRE DEL SARTO 1. Pierre-Auguste Renoir (1841-1919): French painter

and leading Impressionist. Famous works: Dance at Le
- An Italian painter from Florence, whose career
Moulin de la Galette, The Luncheon of the Boating
flourished during the High Renaissance and early
Party, Girl with a Hoop.
Mannerism. An artist senza errori (Without Errors)
2. Édouard Manet (1832-1883): French painter,
2. PETER BRUELGHEL
bridging Realism and Impressionism. Famous works:
- 'Peasant Bruegel' or 'Bruegel the Peasant' Flemish Olympia, A Bar at the Folies-Bergère, The Luncheon on
Renaissance painter and printmaker known for his the Grass.
landscapes and peasant scenes.
3. Oscar Claude Monet (1840-1926): French painter,
founder of Impressionism. Famous works: Impression,
Sunrise, Water Lilies, The Japanese Footbridge.
3. JACOPO COMIN "TINTORETTO"
4. Edgar Degas (1834-1917): French painter, sculptor,
- Venetian painter and a notable exponent of the and printmaker. Famous works: The Dancing Class,
Renaissance school. His work is characterized by its L'Absinthe, The Bellelli Family.
muscular figures, dramatic gestures and bold use of
perspective in the Mannerist style 5. Paul Cézanne (1839-1906): French painter, Post-
Impressionist pioneer. Famous works: Still Life with
4. MICHAELANGELO DELA VEGA Apples, Mount Saint-Victoire, The Bathers.
- was one of the great creative exponents of Mannerism FILIPINO MASTERS
5. FRANCISCO JOSE DE GOYA Y LUCIENTES 1. Fernando Amorsolo (1892-1972): Filipino painter,
- leader of French romantic school known for romanticized Filipino landscapes. Famous
works: The Making of the Philippine Flag, The Bombing
- use expressive brushstroke, optical effects of color of the Intendencia, Afternoon Meal of the Workers.
profoundly shaped the work of the IMPRESIONISTS
2. Juan Luna (1857-1899): Filipino painter and
6. MICHELANGELO revolutionary. Famous works: Spoliarium, El Pacto de
- sculptor, painter and architect known for his mastery Sangre, The Death of Cleopatra.
in depicting the human form with anatomical precision 3. Juanito Torres (1885-1942): Filipino painter, known
and emotional depth for genre and portrait paintings. Famous works: The
RENAISSANCE MASTERS Fishermen, The Fruit Vendor.

1. Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475-1564): Italian 4. Carlos Francisco (1912-1969): Filipino painter,

sculptor, painter, architect, and poet. Famous works: muralist, and sculptor. Famous works: The Bombing of
David, Sistine Chapel Ceiling, Moses. the Intendencia, The Filipino Struggles Through History.

2. Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519): Italian polymath, 5. Ferdinand Victor (1882-1963): Filipino painter and
painter, sculptor, engineer. Famous works: Mona Lisa, illustrator. Famous works: The Assassination of
The Last Supper, Vitruvian Man. Governor Bustamante, The Execution of Rizal.

DUTCH MASTERS ROMANTICISM

1. Johannes Vermeer (1632-1675): Dutch painter 1. Eugène Delacroix (1798-1863): French Romantic
known for captivating domestic scenes. Famous works: painter. Famous works: Liberty Leading the People, The
Girl with a Pearl Earring, The Milkmaid, Woman in Blue Massacre at Chios, The Death of Sardanapalus.
Reading a Letter.