Contents
Contents
Chapter 1
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9
Basic Concepts
Introduction Sedimentation and Sieving in Determination of Particle Sizes Index Tests Soil Classification Water Content and Density of Saturated Soil Specimen The Effective Stress Concept Some Effects that are Mathematical rather than Physical The Critical State Concept Summary
1
1 2 4 5 7 8 10 12 14
Chapter 2
2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 2.11 2.12
16
16 16 18 19 21 22 23 25 28 29 30 32
Chapter 3
3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8
Seepage
Excess Pore-pressure Hydraulic Gradient Darcys Law Three-dimensional Seepage Two-dimensional Seepage Seepage Under a Long Sheet Pile Wall: an Extended Example Approximate Mathematical Solution for the Sheet Pile Wall Control of Seepage
34
34 35 35 37 38 39 40 44
Chapter 4
4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6
One-dimensional Consolidation
Spring Analogy Equilibrium States Rate of Settlement Approximate Solution for Consolidometer Exact Solution for Consolidometer The Consolidation Problem
46
46 49 50 52 55 57
Chapter 5
5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.15 5.16 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.10 6.11 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 7.10 7.11 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.9
Granta-gravel
Introduction A Simple Axial-test System Probing Stability and Instability Stress, Stress-increment, and Strain-increment Power Power in Granta-gravel Responses to Probes which cause Yield Critical States Yielding of Granta-gravel Family of Yield Curves Hardening and Softening Comparison with Real Granular Materials Taylors Results on Ottawa Sand Undrained Tests Summary Introduction Power in Cam-clay Plastic Volume Change Critical States and Yielding of Cam-clay Yield Curves and Stable-state Boundary Surface Compression of Cam-clay Undrained Tests on Cam-clay The Critical State Model Plastic Compressibility and the Index Tests The Unconfined Compression Strength Summary One Real Axial-test Apparatus Test Procedure Data Processing and Presentation Interpretation of Data on the Plots of v versus ln p Applied Loading Planes Interpretation of Test Data in (p, v, q) Space Interpretation of Shear Strain Data & Interpretation of Data of and Derivation of Cam-clay Constants Rendulics Generalized Principle of Effective Stress Interpretation of Pore-pressure Changes Summary Coulombs Failure Equation Hvorslevs Experiments on the Strength of Clay at Failure Principal Stress Ratio in Soil About to Fail Data of States of Failure A Failure Mechanism and the Residual Strength on Sliding Surfaces Design Calculations An Example of an Immediate Problem of Limiting Equilibrium An Example of the Long-term Problem of Limiting Equilibrium Summary
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61 62 64 66 68 70 71 72 73 74 76 78 81 85 87 91
93
93 95 96 97 98 100 102 104 105 111 114
116
116 118 119 120 123 125 127 130 135 137 142
144
144 145 149 152 154 158 160 161 163
165
165 167 169 172 174 180 186 188 191 195 197 199
Chapter 10 Conclusion
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201 201 204 204 206 209 216