Scribd
Upload
20 views

L1

industrial revaluation "world History "

Uploaded by

expocollegejo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
20 views

L1

industrial revaluation "world History "

Uploaded by

expocollegejo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Name _____________________________ Class _ Date ____________

The Industrial Revolution


Lesson 1

The Beginnings of Industrialization


Key Terms and People
Industrial Revolution great increase in machine production that began in England
in the 18th century
enclosure large closed-in field for farming
crop rotation planting a different crop in the same field each year to allow the soil
to regenerate
industrialization process of developing machine production of goods
factors of production conditions needed to produce goods and services
factory building where goods are made
entrepreneur person who organizes, manages, and takes on the financial risk of a
business enterprise
Henry Bessemer British engineer who developed a way to mass-produce steel
cheaply

Before You Read


In the last lesson, you read about romanticism and realism
in the arts.
In this lesson, you will read about the beginning of the Industrial
Revolution.

As You Read
Answer questions in a chart to note important events in Britain’s
industrialization.

IndusTRIAL RevoLuTIon BegIns 1700s, large landowners in Britain


In BRITAIn bought much of the land that had been
How did the Industrial Revolution owned by poorer farmers. The
begin? landowners collected these lands into
The Industrial Revolution was the large fields closed in by fences or hedges.
great increase in production that began These fields were called enclosures.
in England during the 18th century. Many of the poor farmers who lost their
Before the Industrial Revolution, people lands became tenant farmers. Others
made most goods by hand. By the gave up farming and moved to the cities.
middle of the 1700s, more and more The growth in the number of people in
goods were made by machines. cities to work in factories helped create
The Industrial Revolution began with the Industrial Revolution.
an agricultural revolution. In the early
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

292 Guided Reading Workbook


Name _____________________________ Class _______________________ Date ____________

Lesson 1, continued

New farm methods made farmers factories to house and run these
more productive. For example, Jethro machines. Entrepreneurs, or people who
Tull invented a seed drill that made start and manage businesses, built the
planting more efficient. Farmers also factories near rivers because these
practiced crop rotation. Crop rotation is machines ran on water power.
the practice of planting a different crop 2. How was the textile industry
in the same field each year. This changed by the new inventions?
improves the quality of the soil.
Industrialization is the process of Textiles could be made more
developing machine production
of goods. For several reasons, Britain
quickly and cheaply.
was the first country to industrialize.
Great Britain had all the resources Improvements In
needed for industrialization. These transportatIon; the raIlway
resources included coal, water, iron ore, age BegIns
rivers, harbors, and banks. Britain also The invention of the steam engine in
had all the factors of production that the 1705 brought in a new source of power.
Industrial Revolution required. These The steam engine used fire to heat water
factors of production included land, and produce steam. The power of the
labor (workers), and capital (wealth). steam drove the engine. Eventually
1. Why was Britain the first country to steam-driven engines were used to run
industrialize? factories and shipping boats.
Starting in the 1820s, steam brought a
Great Britain had the resources new burst of industrial growth. George
Stephenson, a British engineer, set up
needed for industrialization. the world’s first railroad line. It used a
steam-driven locomotive. Henry
InventIons spur Bessemer, a British engineer, devised a
IndustrIalIzatIon way to make steel in large quantities.
What inventions helped change Railroad rails were made using the
business? inexpensive steel. Soon, railroads were
The Industrial Revolution began in being built all over Britain.
the textile industry. Several new The railroad boom helped business
inventions helped businesses make cloth owners move their goods to market
and clothing more quickly. Richard more quickly. These changes created
Arkwright invented the water frame in thousands of new jobs in several
1769. It used water power to run different industries. Millions of British
spinning machines that made yarn. In people, including the middle class, also
1779, Samuel Compton invented the enjoyed the trains. Even Queen Victoria
spinning mule, which made better regularly traveled by train.
thread. In 1787, Edmund Cartwright 3. What effects did the invention of the
developed the power loom. The power steam engine have?
loom was a machine that sped up the
cloth-making process. It made transporting people and
These new inventions were large and
goods easier and less expensive.
expensive machines. They needed large
© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

293 Guided Reading Workbook


Name _____________________________ Class _______________________ Date ____________

Lesson 1, continued

As you read this lesson, make notes in the chart to explain how each
factor listed contributed to an Industrial Revolution in Great Britain.

1. Agricultural revolution Farms were made larger, making growing and


harvesting more efficient and effective. Having
more food increased the population. Having more
plants like cotton helped the textile industry, too.
2. Abundant natural The resources were easy to get in large quantities
resources
and not too expensive.

3. Political stability This time was peaceful for Britain, and the people
had a positive attitude. Government passed laws
protecting businesses.

4. Factors of production British people had land, labor, and money to


invent and develop their factories and businesses.

5. Technological advances Advances in technology made making textiles


in the textile industry faster and easier. The technologies developed for
the textile industry, like using water to create
energy, helped make other changes later.
6. Entrepreneurs People started going into business and creating
their own wealth.

7. Building of factories The factories provided jobs. In factories,


production increased.

8. Railroad boom Goods and people could move easily across


the country.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

294 Guided Reading Workbook

You might also like