9 Quarter 3 Week 1

Technology and Livelihood

Education
Activity Sheets
Quarter 3 – LO1
(PCB Design and Fabrication (PDF))

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 Learning Activity Sheets (LAS) (For TLE/TVL Creative Technologies)

Name of Learner: ________________________ Grade and Section: ________________

Date: ______________

Creative Technologies ACTIVITY SHEET

PCB Design and Fabrication

I. Learning Competency with Code

SSP_TLE-CT9PDF -IIIa-1.1
1. Verify PCB layout for conformity with the schematic diagram in accordance
with the layout rules.

II. Background Information for Learners

What is a PCB?
The most vital element in electronic
circuits and equipment is the Printed Circuit
Board (PCB). It is also possible to build an
electronic circuit with breadboards and zero
boards, but the method is a low level and less
efficient one wherein the designing circuit is
prone to damage and the designing involves a
complex process of placing the components of
the circuit.

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 However, the invention of the PCB that supports physical electronic
components and their wiring through the surface-mounted copper tracks is
remarkable. We can observe at least one PCB in any electronic gadgets
ranging from cell phones to computers.

PCB Basics

Printed circuit board is the most common name but may

also be called "printed wiring boards" or "printed wiring cards".
Before the advent of the PCB circuits were constructed through
a laborious process of point-to-point wiring. This led to frequent
failures at wire junctions and short circuits when wire insulation
began to age and crack.

A significant advance was the development of wire wrapping, where

a small gauge wire is literally wrapped around a post at each connection
point, creating a gas-tight connection which is highly durable and easily
changeable.
As electronics moved from vacuum tubes and relays to silicon and
integrated circuits, the size and cost of electronic components began to
decrease. Electronics became more prevalent in consumer goods, and the
pressure to reduce the size and manufacturing costs of electronic
products drove manufacturers to look for better solutions. Thus, was born
the PCB.

PCB is an acronym for printed circuit board. It is a board that has

lines and pads that connect various points together. In the picture above,
there are traces that electrically connect the various connectors and
components to each other. A PCB allows signals and power to be routed
between physical devices. Solder is the metal that makes the electrical
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 connections between the surface of the PCB and the electronic
components. Being metal, solder also serves as a strong mechanical
adhesive.

Composition
A PCB is sort of like a layer cake or lasagna- there are alternating
layers of different materials which are laminated together with heat and
adhesive such that the result is a single object.

Let us start in the middle and work our way out.

FR4
The base material, or substrate, is usually
fiberglass. Historically, the most common
designator for this fiberglass is "FR4". This solid
core gives the PCB its rigidity and thickness. There
are also flexible PCBs built on flexible high-
temperature plastic (Kapton or the equivalent).
You will find many different thickness PCBs; the most
common thickness for SparkFun products is 1.6mm (0.063").
Some of our products- LilyPad boards and Arudino Pro Micro
boards- use a 0.8mm thick board.

Cheaper PCBs and perf boards (shown

above) will be made with other materials such as
epoxies or phenolics which lack the durability of FR4 but are much less
expensive. You will know you are working with this type of PCB when you
solder to it - they have a very distinctive bad smell. These types of
substrates are also typically found in low-end consumer electronics.
Phenolics have a low thermal decomposition temperature which causes
them to delaminate, smoke and char when the soldering iron is held too
long on the board.

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 Copper
The next layer is a thin copper foil, which
is laminated to the board with heat and
adhesive. On common, double sided PCBs,
copper is applied to both sides of the substrate.
In lower cost electronic gadgets, the PCB may
have copper on only one side. When we refer to
a double sided or 2-layer board we are
referring to the number of copper layers (2) in
our lasagna. This can be as few as 1 layer or as
many as 16 layers or more.

PCB with copper exposed, no solder mask or

silkscreen.
The copper thickness can vary and is specified by weight, in ounces per square foot.
Most PCBs have 1 ounce of copper per square foot but some PCBs that handle very
high power may use 2- or 3-ounce copper. Each ounce per square translates to
about 35 micrometers or 1.4 thousandths of an inch of thickness of copper.

Soldermask
The layer on top of the copper foil is
called the soldermask layer. This layer
gives the PCB its green (or, at SparkFun,
red) color. It is overlaid onto the copper
layer to insulate the copper traces from
accidental contact with other metal,
solder, or conductive bits. This layer helps
the user to solder to the correct places
and prevent solder jumpers.
In the example below, the green
solder mask is applied to most of the PCB,
covering up the small traces but leaving
the silver rings and SMD pads exposed so
they can be soldered to.

Soldermask is most commonly

green in color but nearly any color is
possible. We use red for almost all
the SparkFun boards, white for the
IOIO board, and purple for the
LilyPad boards.

Silkscreen
The white silkscreen layer is applied on top of
the soldermask layer. The silkscreen adds
letters, numbers, and symbols to the PCB that
allow for easier assembly and indicators for
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 humans to better understand the board. We often use silkscreen labels to indicate
what the function of each pin or LED.

Silkscreen is most commonly white, but any ink color can be used.
Black, gray, red, and even yellow silkscreen colors are widely available; it
is, however, uncommon to see more than one color on a single board .

Activity 1:
MATCHING TYPE: Match Column A with Column B, write only the letter of the
correct answer.
COLUMN A COLUMN B
1. White layer that is applied on top of the A. Soldermask
soldermask.
2. The layer on top of the copper foil. B. Copper

3. The thin layer after FR4, which is laminated to C. Silkscreen

the board with heat and adhesive.
4. The base material or substrate. D. (FR4)

ACTIVITY 2:
FILL IN THE BLANK.
1. The initial acronym means . .
2. – 3. It is also possible to build an electronic circuit with
and , but the method is a low level and less efficient one
wherein the designing circuit is prone to damage and the designing involves a
complex process of placing the components of the circuit.
4 – 5 Printed circuit board is the most common name but may also be called
" or .

References:

https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/pcb-basics/all

https://www.elprocus.com/what-is-printed-circuit-board-and-designing-process-
of-pcb/

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