EXAMPLE ON ONE WAY & TWO WAY SOLID SLAB DESIGN BASED ON ESEN 1992 -2015 2011/2019

Example: On the following floor plan, all panels are loaded with uniformly distributed live load of 5 kN/m 2 and partition
load of 1.5kN/m2. The materials strengths are: concrete class C20/25 and steel grade S-400.

a. Classify each panel as one-way and two-way slab

b. Design the slab and show the reinforcement detailing

Fig.1: Floor plan

Fig. 2: Cross-sectional parameters

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 EXAMPLE ON ONE WAY & TWO WAY SOLID SLAB DESIGN BASED ON ESEN 1992 -2015 2011/2019

Solution
a. Classification of panels

Consider ratio of 𝐿 𝑦 and 𝐿 𝑥 to classify the given panels

𝐿𝑦
Panel 𝐿𝑦 𝐿𝑥 Type of slab
𝐿𝑥
1 7 3 2.33 One way
2 7 3 2.33 One way
3 4 3 1.33 Two way
4 4 3 1.33 Two way
5 4 3 1.33 Two way
6 3 1 - Cantilever
b. Design slab(includes one way , two way and cantilever slab design)
1. Determine design constants
Concrete: Steel:
𝑐𝑐 𝑓𝑐𝑘 0.85 ∗20 𝑓𝑦𝑘 400
𝑓𝑐𝑑 = = = 11.33MPa, 𝐸𝑐 = 30Mpa 𝑓𝑦𝑑 = = 1.15 = 347.83MPa, 𝐸𝑠 =200GPa
𝑟𝑐 1.5 𝑟𝑠

2. Determine effective depth and overall

Effective depth for serviceability requirement (d)
3
𝑙 𝜌𝑜 𝜌
= 𝑘 [11 + 1.5√𝑓𝑐𝑘 + 3.2√𝑓𝑐𝑘 ( 𝑜 − 1)2 ] ∗ 𝐹1 ∗ 𝐹2 ∗ 𝐹3 , 𝑖𝑓 𝜌 ≤ 𝜌𝑜
𝑑 𝜌 𝜌

𝑙 𝜌 1 𝜌′
= 𝑘 [11 + 1.5√𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝜌−𝜌
𝑜
′ + 12 √𝑓𝑐𝑘 √ 𝜌 ] ∗ 𝐹1 ∗ 𝐹2 ∗ 𝐹3 , 𝑖𝑓 𝜌 ≥ 𝜌𝑜
𝑑

Initially we can’t know ρ and ρ’. So let’s assume ρ= ρo .

𝐴𝑠𝑟𝑒𝑞 . = 𝐴𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑
𝑙
= 𝐾 ∗ 𝑁 ∗ 𝐹1 ∗ 𝐹2 ∗ 𝐹3
𝑑

𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒:
𝜌 𝜌 3
𝑁 = 11 + 1.5√𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑜 + 3.2√𝑓𝑐𝑘 ( 𝑜 − 1)2 𝐵𝑢𝑡 𝜌𝑜 = 𝜌 (𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛)
𝜌 𝜌
𝑁 = 11 + 1.5√𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 11 + 1.5√20 = 17.71

𝜌𝑜 = √𝑓𝑐𝑘 ∗ 10−3 = √ 20 ∗ 10−3 = 0.447%

500 500 500

𝐹1 = = = = 1.25
𝜎𝑠 𝐴 400
(𝑓𝑦𝑘 ∗ 𝑠,𝑟𝑒𝑞⁄𝐴 )
𝑠,𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣

𝐹2 = 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐹3 = 1 (𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 ≤ 7𝑚)

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 EXAMPLE ON ONE WAY & TWO WAY SOLID SLAB DESIGN BASED ON ESEN 1992 -2015 2011/2019

𝐾 = 1.3 − 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐸𝑛𝑑 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑤𝑎𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 𝑜𝑟

− 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑤𝑎𝑦 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
𝐾 = 0.4 − 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟
𝑙
= 𝐾 ∗ 𝑁 ∗ 𝐹1 ∗ 𝐹2 ∗ 𝐹3
𝑑
Panel Shorter span length (mm) Effective depth (mm)
1 3000 104.24
2 3000 104.24
3 3000 104.24
4 3000 104.24
5 3000 104.24
6 1000 112.93

To provide uniform thickness for all panels, take 𝒅𝒄𝒂𝒍. = 112.93mm

Depth, D = d + d’
𝑙𝑜𝑛
d’ = cover +
2
𝐶𝑛𝑜𝑛 = 𝐶𝑚𝑖𝑛 + 𝐶𝑑𝑒𝑣

𝐶𝑚𝑖𝑛,𝑏 = 10
𝐶𝑚𝑖𝑛 = { 𝐶𝑚𝑖𝑛,𝑑𝑢𝑟 = 10 Use 𝐶𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 10𝑚𝑚
10

The recommended value for 𝐶𝑑𝑒𝑣 = 10mm

𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑛; 𝐶𝑛𝑜𝑚 = 𝐶𝑚𝑖𝑛 + ∆𝐶𝑑𝑒𝑣 = 10𝑚𝑚 + 10𝑚𝑚 = 20𝑚𝑚

𝑙𝑜𝑛
d’ = cover + = 20𝑚𝑚 + 10𝑚𝑚⁄2 = 25𝑚𝑚
2

𝑆𝑜; 𝐷 = 𝑑 + 𝑑 ′ = 112.93𝑚𝑚 + 25𝑚𝑚 = 𝟏𝟑𝟕. 𝟗𝟑𝒎𝒎… … . . 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑫 = 𝟏𝟓𝟎𝒎𝒎

𝑁𝑜𝑤: 𝑑 = 𝐷 − 𝑑 ′ = 150𝑚𝑚 − 25𝑚𝑚 = 125𝑚𝑚

d=125mm

3. Determination of Design Load (𝒑𝒅 )

Dead load:
Self-weight
Material Dimension(h) (m) Unit weight (kN/m3) Dead load (kN/m2)
Marble floor finish 0.02 27 0.54
Cement screed 0.03 23 0.69
RC Slab 0.15 25 3.75
Ceiling plaster 0.02 23 0.46
Total self-weight= 5.44

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 EXAMPLE ON ONE WAY & TWO WAY SOLID SLAB DESIGN BASED ON ESEN 1992 -2015 2011/2019

 Partition load = 1.5 kN/m2

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑; 𝐷𝐿 = 5.44 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2 + 1.5 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2 = 6.94 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2

Live load: LL=5 kN/𝑚2

𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑, 𝑃𝑑 = 1.35𝐺𝑑 + 1.5𝑄𝑑 = 1.35𝐷𝐿 + 1.5𝐿𝐿

𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑, 𝑃𝑑 = 1.35 ∗ 6.94𝑘𝑁/𝑚2 + 1.5 ∗ 5𝑘𝑁/𝑚2 = 𝟏𝟔. 𝟖𝟕𝒌𝑵/𝒎𝟐

4. Analysis(bending moment Calculation for All Panels)

Part I: One way slab (Panel 1 & 2)
For analysis let’s assume that the slab is a 1m wide beam spanning in the major axis given in the figure.

16.87𝑘𝑁
𝑃𝑑 = ∗ 1𝑚 = 𝟏𝟔. 𝟖𝟕𝒌𝑵/𝒎
𝑚2
a. To determine maximum span (positive) moment

Fig.3: Loading condition for maximum span moment

b. To determine maximum support (negative) moment and shear at interior support

Fig.4: Loading condition for maximum support moment and maximum shear

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 EXAMPLE ON ONE WAY & TWO WAY SOLID SLAB DESIGN BASED ON ESEN 1992 -2015 2011/2019

From analysis it is determined that:

Maximum span moment = 12.09kN-m/m

Maximum support moment = 18.44kNm/m

Maximum shear force at the interior support = 31.45kN/m

Maximum shear force at the exterior support = 20.53kN/m

Part II: Two Way Slabs (Panel 3, 4 & 5)

For analysis let’s assume that the slab is a 1m wide strip width in both (x & y) directions.

16.87𝑘𝑁
𝑃𝑑 = ∗ 1𝑚 = 𝟏𝟔. 𝟖𝟕𝒌𝑵/𝒎
𝑚2
a. Checking the possibility of using coefficient method for analyzing the given slab
Conditions to be checked Remark
𝑄𝑘 𝐿𝐿 5 Ok
= = = 0.72 < 0.8
𝐺𝑘 𝐷𝐿 6.94
𝑄𝑘 = 𝐿𝐿 ≤ 5𝑘𝑁/𝑚2 Ok
All loads are uniformly distributed loads Ok
All panels are rectangular in shape Ok
No panels contain any openings Ok
All panels are supported by beams in all four edges Ok

b. Analysis (Support and Span Moment Calculation)

𝑀𝑖𝑗 =  𝑖𝑗 ∗ 𝑃𝑑 ∗ 𝑙 𝑥 2

𝑃𝑑 = 16.87𝑘𝑁/𝑚2 *1m = 16.87kN/m

Panel Support Span 𝑃𝑑 (𝑘𝑁/𝑚) 𝑙𝑥 (𝑚)  𝒙𝒔  𝒙𝒇  𝒚𝒔  𝒚𝒇 𝑀𝑥𝑠 𝑀𝑥𝑓 𝑀𝑦𝑠 𝑀𝑦𝑓

Condition ratio
3 3 1.33 16.87 3 0.064 0.048 0.039 0.030
9.72 7.29 5.92 4.55
4 4 1.33 16.87 3 0.071 0.052 0.047 0.036 10.78 7.90 7.14 5.47
5 6 1.33 16.87 3 - 0.067 0.045 0.034 - 10.17 6.83 5.16

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 EXAMPLE ON ONE WAY & TWO WAY SOLID SLAB DESIGN BASED ON ESEN 1992 -2015 2011/2019

Liner Interpolation

Panel -3 Panel -4
0.062 1.3 0.047  𝒙𝒇 1.3 0.069  𝒙𝒔 1.3 0.051  𝒙𝒇
1.3  𝒙𝒔
1.33  𝑥𝑠 =0.064 1.33  𝑥𝑓 1.33  𝑥𝑠 = 1.33  𝑥𝑓 =
=0.048 0.071 0.052
1.4 0.068 1.4 0.0051 1.4 0.074 1.4 0.055

Panel -5
1.3 no 1.3 0.065
1.33  𝑥𝑠  𝒙𝒔 1.33  𝑥𝑓  𝒙𝒇
= no 0.072 =0.0671
1.4 no 1.4

Part III: Cantilever Slab (Panel 6)

For analysis let’s assume that the slab is a 1m wide strip width in cantilever directions.

16.87𝑘𝑁
𝑃𝑑 = ∗ 1𝑚 = 𝟏𝟔. 𝟖𝟕𝒌𝑵/𝒎
𝑚2
a. Bending moment for cantilever slab

𝒘𝒍𝟐 𝟏𝟔.𝟖𝟕∗ 𝟏 𝟐
𝑴𝒙𝒔 = = =8.44kN-m
𝟐 𝟐

5. Moment Adjustment

Fig. 5: Support and span moment for one way, two ways and cantilever slab

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 EXAMPLE ON ONE WAY & TWO WAY SOLID SLAB DESIGN BASED ON ESEN 1992 -2015 2011/2019

Support and span moment adjustment

Panel Locat. 𝑀𝑅 −𝑀𝐿 Condition
𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 ΔM *100% 𝑘 𝑅 𝑘 𝐿 𝑀𝑠𝑑 𝑀𝑥𝑓 𝑀𝑦𝑓
𝑀𝑅
b/n Both are one No
B/n1& 2 1&2 way - - - 18.44 12.09 0
-
𝑀𝑠 = 18.44
1 0 Not 12.09 0
B/n1& 3 needed - - - - 5.92
3 5.92 7.29 4.55
2 0 Not 12.09 0
B/n 2&4 needed - -7.14
4 7.14 - - 7.90 5.47
3 9.72 7.29 4.55
B/n3& 4 1.06 9.83 average 10.25
4 10.78 7.90 5.47
B/n3& 5 3 5.92 7.29 4.55
0.91 13.32 average 6.38
5 6.83 10.17 5.16
5 6.83 10.17 5.16
B/n5& 6 Take 8.44
6 8.44 - -
maximum
𝑀𝑅 − 𝑀𝐿
Case I: If *100% ≤ 20% - take average
𝑀𝑅
𝑀𝑅 − 𝑀𝐿
Case II: If *100% > 20% -distribute the unbalanced moment based on relative stiffness
𝑀𝑅
Support moment adjustment
𝑘𝑅 𝑘𝐿
𝑀𝑠𝑑 = 𝑀𝑅 − * ∆M or 𝑀𝑠𝑑 = 𝑀𝐿 + * ∆M
𝑘 𝑅 +𝑘𝐿 𝑘 𝑅 +𝑘𝐿
𝐼 𝐼
Where: ∆M = 𝑀𝑅 − 𝑀𝐿 , 𝑘𝑅 = and 𝑘𝐿 =
𝑙𝑥1 𝑙𝑥2
Span moment adjustment
𝑀𝑥𝑑𝑓 = 𝑀𝑥𝑓 + 𝐶𝑥 ∆𝑀
𝑀𝑦𝑑𝑓 = 𝑀𝑦𝑓 + 𝐶𝑦∆𝑀
 𝐶𝑥 and 𝐶𝑦 - Coefficient for adjusting span moment
Adjusted moment

Fig. Adjusted support moment

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6. Check Depth for Flexure

a. For Positive (Span)Moment
𝑀𝑟𝑑 = 0.8𝑘𝑥 (1 − 0.4𝑘𝑥 )𝑓𝑐𝑑 𝑏𝑑 2

𝑀𝑟𝑑 = 0.8 ∗ 0.448(1 − 0.4 ∗ 0.448) ∗ 11.33 𝑁⁄𝑚𝑚2 ∗ 1000𝑚𝑚 ∗ (125𝑚𝑚)2

𝑀𝑟𝑑 = 52.08𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚/𝑚 > 𝑀𝐸𝑑 = 12.06𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚/𝑚(𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚). . . 𝑂𝐾!
Or
𝑀𝐸𝑑 12 .06∗ 10 6
𝑑𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑢𝑟𝑒 = √ = √0.8∗0.448∗11.33∗1000(1−0.4∗0.448) = 60.23mm
0.8𝑘𝑥𝑓𝑐𝑑 𝑏(1−0.4𝑘𝑥 )

𝑑𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 = 125mm > 𝑑𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑢𝑟𝑒 = 60.23mm… … … … … … … … … … . . 𝑂𝑘!

b. For Negative (Support) Moment

𝑀𝑟𝑑 = 0.8𝑘𝑥 (1 − 0.4𝑘𝑥 )𝑓𝑐𝑑 𝑏𝑑 2

𝑀𝑟𝑑 = 0.8 ∗ 0.448(1 − 0.4 ∗ 0.448) ∗ 11.33 𝑁⁄𝑚𝑚2 ∗ 1000𝑚𝑚 ∗ (125𝑚𝑚)2 ∗ 10−6

𝑴𝒓𝒅 = 𝟓𝟐. 𝟎𝟖𝑲𝑵𝒎/𝒎 > 𝑴𝑬𝒅 = 𝟏𝟖. 𝟒𝟒𝑲𝑵𝒎/𝒎 … … … … … … … … … … . . 𝑶𝒌!

Or
𝑀𝐸𝑑 18.44∗ 10 6
𝑑𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑢𝑟𝑒 = √ = √0.8∗0.448∗11.33∗1000 (1−0.4∗0.448) = 67.39mm
0.8𝑘𝑓𝑐𝑑 𝑏(1−0.4𝑘𝑥 )

𝒅𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒗𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒅 = 125mm > 𝒅𝒇𝒍𝒆𝒙𝒖𝒓𝒆 = 67.39mm… … … … … … … … … … . . 𝑶𝒌!

7. Reinforcement Design for Flexure Using Design Tables(size and spacing of reinforcement)

Panel Design moment (kN-m) 𝑘𝑚 𝑘𝑠 𝐴𝑠 (𝑚𝑚2 ) 𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙. (mm) 𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣. (mm) Reinforcement
𝑀𝑥𝑓 = 12.09 27.82 2.992 289.39 271.26 271.26  10 𝑐/𝑐 270
1
Secondary reinforcement 57.88 868.04 450  8 𝑐/𝑐450
𝑀𝑥𝑓 = 12.09 27.82 2.992 289.39 271.26 271.26  10 𝑐/𝑐 270
2
Secondary reinforcement 57.88 868.04 450  8 𝑐/𝑐450
𝑀𝑥𝑓 = 7.29 21.60 2.973 178.75 439.16 400  10 𝑐/𝑐 400
3
𝑀𝑦𝑓 = 4.55 17.06 2.96 178.75 439.16 400  10 𝑐/𝑐 400
𝑀𝑥𝑓 = 7.90 22.49 2.977 188.15 417.23 400  10 𝑐/𝑐 400
4
𝑀𝑦𝑓 = 5.47 18.71 2.96 178.75 439.16 400  10 𝑐/𝑐 400
𝑀𝑥𝑓 = 10.17 25.51 2.995 243.67 322.15 322.15  10 𝑐/𝑐 320
5
𝑀𝑦𝑓 = 5.16 18.17 2.96 178.75 439.16 400  10 𝑐/𝑐400
6 Secondary reinforcement 57.88 1248.03 450  8 𝑐/𝑐450
B/n 1&2 𝑀𝑠 = 18.44 34.35 3.07 452.89 173.33 173.33  10 𝑐/𝑐 170
B/n 1&3 𝑀𝑠 = 5.92 19.46 2.963 178.75 439.16 400  10 𝑐/𝑐 400
B/n 2&4 𝑀𝑠 = 7.14 21.38 2.972 178.75 439.16 400  10 𝑐/𝑐 400
B/n 3&4 𝑀𝑠 = 10.25 25.61 2.996 245.67 319.53 319.53  10 𝑐/𝑐 310

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 EXAMPLE ON ONE WAY & TWO WAY SOLID SLAB DESIGN BASED ON ESEN 1992 -2015 2011/2019

B/n 3&5 𝑀𝑠 = 6.38 20.21 2.966 178.75 439.16 400  10 𝑐/𝑐 400
B/n 5&6 𝑀𝑠 = 8.44 23.24 2.981 201.28 390.01 390.01  10 𝑐/𝑐 390
𝑀𝑥𝑓 ,𝑦𝑓,𝑠
𝑘𝑚 = √ , b= 1m, d = 0.125m
𝑏𝑑2

𝑘 𝑠 ∗𝑀𝑥𝑓 ,𝑦𝑓,𝑠
𝐴𝑠 = , 𝑘𝑠 − 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒
𝑑

𝑓 ∗𝑏 𝑑 2.2𝑀𝑝𝑎∗1000𝑚𝑚∗125𝑚𝑚
0.26 𝑐𝑡𝑚 𝑡
0.26 = 178.75𝑚𝑚 2 /𝑚
𝐴𝑠𝑡 ,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑀𝑎𝑥 { 𝑓𝑦𝑘 = 𝑀𝑎𝑥 { 400𝑀𝑝𝑎 Use
0.0013𝑏𝑡 𝑑 0.0013 ∗ 1000𝑚𝑚 ∗ 125𝑚𝑚 = 162.5𝑚𝑚 2 /𝑚
𝐴 𝑠𝑡,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 178.75𝑚𝑚2 /𝑚

𝐴𝑠𝑡 ,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.04𝐴𝑐

𝐴𝑠𝑡 ,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.04𝐴𝑐 = 0.04 ∗ 1000𝑚𝑚 ∗ 150𝑚𝑚 = 6000𝑚𝑚2 /𝑚

Bar Spacing

𝑆𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐.
𝑏𝑎𝑠 1000 𝑎𝑠
𝑠𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐. = = ; 𝑆𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣.𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑎𝑙 = min{ 3ℎ
𝐴𝑠 𝐴𝑠
400
𝑆𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐.
𝑆𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣 .𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑦 = min{ 3.5ℎ
450
8. Re -Check Depth for Deflection: Serviceability Requirement
289.05
Since 𝜌 = 1000 ∗125 = 0.24% > 𝜌𝑜 = 0.447%
𝑙
= 𝐾 ∗ 𝑁 ∗ 𝐹1 ∗ 𝐹2 ∗ 𝐹3
𝑑
𝜌 𝜌 3
𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒; 𝑁 = [11 + 1.5√𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑜 + 3.2√𝑓𝑐𝑘 ( 𝑜 − 1)2 ]
𝜌 𝜌
0.447 0.447 3
𝑁 = [11 + 1.5√20 + 3.2√20( − 1)2 ] = 34.96
0.24 0.24
500 500 500
𝐾 = 1; 𝐹1 = = = = 1.358
𝜎𝑠 𝐴
(𝑓𝑦𝑘 ∗ 𝑠,𝑟𝑒𝑞⁄𝐴 ) (400 ∗ 289.05⁄314.16)
𝑠,𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣

𝐹2 = 1; 𝐹3 = 1
𝑙
= 1.3 ∗ 34.96 ∗ 1.358 ∗ 1 ∗ 1 = 61.72
𝑑
𝑙 𝑙 3000𝑚𝑚
𝑁𝑜𝑤; = 61.72 … … . 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠; 𝑑 = = = 48.61𝑚𝑚
𝑑 61.72 61.72
𝒅𝒎𝒊𝒏 = 𝟔𝟓. 𝟒𝟔𝒎𝒎 < 𝒅𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒗𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒅 = 𝟏𝟐𝟓𝒎𝒎… … … … … … … … … . 𝑶𝒌!

9 Reinforced Concrete Structure - I

 EXAMPLE ON ONE WAY & TWO WAY SOLID SLAB DESIGN BASED ON ESEN 1992 -2015 2011/2019

9. Reinforcement detailing

10 Reinforced Concrete Structure - I