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Quarter-2-Module-4-English-10 (1)

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14 views

Quarter-2-Module-4-English-10 (1)

This is a Grade 10 English module

Uploaded by

Daniel Meryll
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Quarter 2 – Module 4: Claims of Fact, Value, and Policy

WHAT IS A CLAIM?
 The word claim comes from the Latin word clamare, which means “to cry out, shout.”
 In literature, a claim is a statement that asserts something to be true and can either be a
fact or a judgment.
 According to del Gandio J. (2008), a claim is an arguable statement- an idea that a rhetor
(that is, a speaker or writer) asks the audience to accept or an anticipation that they should
agree with it.
 A claim is the central argument of the text which can work on its own or in conjunction
with other claims to form a larger argument.
 It persuades, argues, convinces, proves or provocatively suggests something to a reader
who may or may not initially agree with you.
 It can be classified into three types (3); Fact, Value and Policy.

Characteristics of a good claim:


 argumentative and debatable
 specific and focused
 interesting and engaging
 logical

Here are three different examples of claim:


1. The status of the Philippine economy has dropped due to Covid-19.
2. A constitutional provision on Racial Discrimination needs to be
strengthened in the country.
3. Mobile Phones have been very beneficial than computers during the
pandemic.

Explicit and Implicit Claims


The definition of explicit is, “to fully and clearly express something, leaving nothing
implied.” Something is explicit when it is clearly stated and spelled out and there is no
room for confusion.
On the other hand, the definition of implicit is, “implied or understood though not
plainly or directly expressed.” Something is, therefore, implicit when it is not directly stated
but is either suggested in the wording or necessary to execute the purpose.
1. WHAT IS CLAIM OF FACT?
 It is a claim that asserts some empirical truth.
 It is something that can be determined by careful observation of past, present,
or future.
 Generally, the truth of the assertion will be determined by events. But the
speaker will offer information or explanations that predict or characterizes the events.
 Claims of facts are those we think about rightly as being true or false. Of
course, sometimes we cannot say something as true or false, but we have to say
“How likely is that true?” But the reasons we give are the reasons we believe the
statement is true or false.
 It is used to support through the use of factual evidence that is sufficient,
reliable and appropriate.
 Argument usually turns on strength of evidence presented as reason for
arguer’s belief in the claim.
 It must be proven absolutely true and the statement gives room for
discussion.
Here are examples of claim of fact:
1. The home quarantine did not lower the number of COVID-19 infected
individuals.
2. Washing of hands is the most effective measure to prevent getting infected
from the virus.
3. The death penalty does not deter crime.
Writing Claims of Fact
This time, we will create claims of fact about social media bullying. Let us be
guided by the following questions in crafting a claim of fact:
a. Did it happen?
b. Is it true?
c. How do we know this?
We are aware that in this digital era, people in all ages and profession are into
social media as their recreation and space in airing their sentiments, frustration and
different feelings. It is undeniable that it gives a breakthrough in the easy access to
information but consequently exposes the person to bullying and bashing.
Here are the claims of fact that we can make about social media bullying:
1. People use Facebook and other internet platforms to bully someone.
2. Children are common victims of bullying in social media.
3. Social media bullying often causes psychological harm especially among
women.
2. WHAT IS A CLAIM OF VALUE?
It is a claim that asserts a judgment to some sort
 It is a claim based on preference such as likes and dislikes. Thus, it deals with goals with
things we find attractive.
 Speakers provide reasoning for their judgment but ultimately, it is assent to the reasons
rather than comparison to fact that determines the agreement to the claim.
 You feel for the argument by judgment or value has to be different than that of fact.
 Claim of value is disagreement over values that are “wrong” in the sense that they are
inaccurate.
 Argument usually turns on whether the underlying value of the claim is accepted as a public
good.
 Look for key words that are matter of judgment rather than fact: good, well, kind, useful,
desirable, etc.
 Value claims are arguable statements concerning the relative merits of something which is
measured subjectively
 What makes a value claim arguable is that different people may disagree on the criteria
used to evaluate something.
 Often, claim of value is comparative.
Here are examples of claim of fact:
1. It is good to stay at home to avoid getting infected with the disease.
2. Washing of hands is the best way to keep ourselves healthy.
3. Drug abuse is not an option if you have problems.
Writing Claims of Value
This time, we will create claims of value with the issue of racial discrimination. Let us be
guided by the following questions in crafting claim of value:
a. Is the act or topic good or bad?
b. Is it moral or immoral?
c. Is it justifiable or unjustifiable?
In certain topics, it is useful to identify that standards you would use to judge something
moral or justified, or fair or good.

Here are examples of claims of value that we can make about racial discrimination.
1. Discriminating someone on the basis of his/her race is very wrong.
2. It is cruel to hurt someone because they don’t look like you.
3. Curtailing other’s rights because of his color is unjustifiable.
3. WHAT IS CLAIM OF POLICY?
It is a claim that asserts that an action should be taken.
 It suggests a solution to a problem that has been defined or described by an argument.

 It argues that certain conditions should exist. As the name suggests, it advocates adoption
of policies or courses of action because problems have arisen that call for solution.
 As with value claim, claim of policy often requires you to build upon fact and value claim.
You may need to establish with a claim of fact that there is a problem needing a solution, for
instance, and then use a claim of value to argue the rightness of solving the problem.
 When identifying a claim of policy, look for key words “should”, “ought” and “must”.
They may not always be present, but if they are, actions are usually called for.
Be guided by the following questions in formulating a claim of policy:
1. What should be done?
2. How can we solve this problem?
3. What course of action should we pursue?
4. What should not be done?
Here are examples of claim of policy:
1. Schools should adopt a Reading Enhancement Program.
2. Universal identification card should be established in the country.
3. Good Manners and Right Conduct needs to be restored in the curriculum.

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