Here is a summary and highlights of the key points from the document:

Summary: This document provides an introduction to the course on globalization and defines
what globalization means from a sociological perspective. It emphasizes the need for an
interdisciplinary approach to studying globalization, as different academic fields have their own
perspectives on the phenomenon. The document outlines four key attributes of globalization:
various forms of connectivity, expansion and stretching of social relations, intensification and
acceleration of social exchanges and activities, and the subjective experience of globalization.
Overall, the document lays the groundwork for understanding globalization as a complex,
multifaceted process.
Highlights:
1. Rationale for the course:
o Avoid parochialism (limited, narrow outlook)

o Understand the world and its influence on our own society

o Filipinos increasingly interacting with the global world (e.g. OFWs, internet,
cheaper travel)
2. Sociological Imagination:
o Ability to see the social patterns that influence individuals, families, groups, and
organizations
o Relating individual experiences to wider societal trends

3. Interdisciplinary Approach:
o Globalization is inherently interdisciplinary, requiring various academic
perspectives
o Examples of how political scientists, economists, and cultural/communication
scholars view globalization
4. Defining Globalization:
o Expansion and intensification of social relations and consciousness across world-
time and world-space
o Four key attributes: connectivity, expansion of social relations, acceleration of
exchanges, and subjective experience
5. Importance of an Interdisciplinary Perspective:
o Transcending disciplinary boundaries to fully understand the complex
phenomenon of globalization
Here are the questions with answers:
1. Why does the course emphasize the importance of avoiding parochialism and
developing a broader, global perspective? Answer: The course emphasizes avoiding
parochialism, or a limited and narrow outlook, in order to understand the world and its
influence on our own society. It aims to help participants transcend their local or
disciplinary boundaries and develop a more comprehensive understanding of global
interconnectedness.
2. How does the concept of "sociological imagination" help individuals understand their
personal experiences in relation to wider societal patterns? Answer: Sociological
imagination is the ability to see the social patterns that influence individuals, families,
groups, and organizations. It allows individuals to locate themselves within their
historical and social context, and understand their own experiences and chances in life
by becoming aware of the experiences of others in similar circumstances.
3. What are some examples of how different academic disciplines, such as political
science, economics, and cultural studies, approach and interpret the phenomenon of
globalization? Answer: The document provides examples of how different disciplines
view globalization - political scientists see it as a challenge to the nation-state,
economists focus on increased free trade and the role of global economic organizations,
while scholars of culture and communication examine the "global village" and cultural
imperialism.
4. What are the four key attributes of globalization as defined in the document, and how do
they contribute to the complex nature of this process? Answer: The four key attributes of
globalization are: 1) various forms of connectivity, 2) expansion and stretching of social
relations, 3) intensification and acceleration of social exchanges and activities, and 4)
the subjective experience of globalization. These attributes highlight the multifaceted and
complex nature of globalization as a process that involves diverse forms of
interconnectedness, shifting social dynamics, and subjective perceptions.
5. Why is an interdisciplinary approach necessary for effectively studying and
understanding globalization? What are the challenges of bringing together these various
perspectives? Answer: An interdisciplinary approach is necessary because globalization
is an inherently complex, multifaceted phenomenon that cannot be fully understood from
any single disciplinary perspective. The document notes the challenge of transcending
disciplinary boundaries and getting various academic fields to "talk" to each other, as
they each have their own frameworks and focus areas when it comes to globalization.
6. How has the increasing interaction of Filipinos with the global world, through events like
the growth of overseas Filipino workers (OFWs) and the impact of technology, influenced
the need for a course on globalization? Answer: The document states that Filipinos are
increasingly interacting with the global world, citing the growth in the number of overseas
Filipino workers (OFWs) and the impact of technology like the internet and cheaper
travel. This increasing global interconnectedness of Filipinos highlights the need for a
course that can help participants develop a broader, more comprehensive understanding
of globalization and its implications for their own society.
7. What are some specific examples provided in the document that illustrate the expansion,
intensification, and acceleration of social relations and exchanges across the world?
Answer: The document provides examples such as the growth of NGOs, increased
government associations, and the expansion of multinational corporations to illustrate
the expansion and stretching of social relations globally. It also gives examples of the
acceleration of social exchanges, like the shift from snail mail to social media and the
increase in live television and cheap international flights.
8. How does the subjective experience of globalization, such as individuals' awareness of
global events and their association with global trends, shape the overall understanding
of this process? Answer: The document states that globalization "occurs subjectively",
meaning that individuals' thoughts, feelings, and associations with global phenomena
are an integral part of how globalization is experienced and understood. Examples
include individuals thinking about and responding to global events (like #PrayForParis),
as well as associating themselves with global trends like K-Pop fandom.
9. What are the potential benefits of developing a more nuanced, interdisciplinary
understanding of globalization for individuals and society as a whole? Answer: The
document does not explicitly state the benefits, but by implication, a more
comprehensive, interdisciplinary understanding of globalization can help individuals and
society avoid parochialism, better comprehend the world's influence on their own society,
and develop a stronger sense of global citizenship and responsibility for addressing
global issues.
10. How might the perspectives and insights gained from this course on globalization be
applied to analyze and address contemporary global issues and challenges? Answer:
The document does not provide specific examples, but an interdisciplinary
understanding of globalization could potentially equip students to better analyze and
address a range of global issues, from economic inequality and environmental
challenges to geopolitical tensions and cultural conflicts, by considering the complex,
interconnected nature of these problems.
In The Sociological Imagination, C. Wright Mills introduces the concept as a critical and
reflective way of thinking that enables individuals to understand the interplay between their
personal lives and broader social forces. Here are some highlights from Chapter 1:
The Sense of Entrapment: Mills notes that people often feel trapped in their personal lives,
experiencing their troubles as isolated and personal rather than as part of broader social issues.
This feeling is partly because they lack a "sociological imagination" that would allow them to see
how personal problems might connect to societal structures.
Understanding Personal Troubles and Public Issues: Mills differentiates between personal
troubles, which occur within the individual’s life and immediate relationships, and public issues,
which transcend individual experiences and involve societal structures. For example, if one
person is unemployed, it's a personal trouble; but if millions are unemployed, it is a public issue
tied to economic structures.
The Connection Between Biography and History: The sociological imagination allows individuals
to grasp the relationship between personal biography and historical context, recognizing how
societal changes impact personal experiences and vice versa. For instance, individual life
choices are shaped by historical events like wars or economic shifts.
Questioning Society’s Structure: Mills proposes that using the sociological imagination involves
asking three main questions:
What is the structure of this particular society?
Where does it stand in human history?
What kinds of people exist and prevail within this society?
These questions help individuals understand the larger forces at play in their lives.

The Role of Sociological Imagination: Mills argues that the sociological imagination is essential
in an era where individuals face rapid social changes that can feel overwhelming. By fostering
this mindset, people can develop a broader understanding of social forces, which is critical for
addressing complex societal challenges.
Mills emphasizes that fostering a sociological imagination is key to both intellectual growth and
addressing the "public issues" affecting society today.
Distinguishing Private Troubles from Public Issues: Mills delves deeper into how the sociological
imagination helps individuals distinguish between personal troubles and broader public issues.
He emphasizes that while personal troubles are tied to an individual's immediate social
environment (milieu), public issues involve institutional crises and structural forces. This
distinction highlights how individual challenges, like financial stress, might actually reflect wider
economic conditions or social inequalities rather than personal failure.
Examples of Sociological Imagination in Action: Mills gives concrete examples, like
unemployment and marriage issues, to illustrate this distinction. If a single person is
unemployed, it may be due to personal factors. However, if millions are unemployed, the root
cause lies in economic policies and structural shifts, indicating a public issue rather than
individual shortcomings.
Historical and Structural Perspective: The sociological imagination requires viewing society
historically and structurally, recognizing how past events and social structures shape current
realities. Mills argues that individuals can only understand their lives fully by situating
themselves within the broader history of society and by understanding the structural forces that
mold their experiences.
Role of Values and Threats: Mills also explores how the sociological imagination relates to
values. He categorizes responses to values as well-being (when values are cherished and
supported), crisis (when values are cherished but threatened), indifference (when no values are
felt), and uneasiness (when threats are felt but no values are clear). He suggests that modern
society often induces uneasiness and indifference, as people feel disconnected from clear
values or social goals.
The Cultural Shift and the Need for Sociological Imagination: In the post-World War II era, Mills
points out a cultural shift toward psychological issues rather than social and economic ones. For
example, concerns about comic books or mass leisure distract from larger social issues like
poverty or labor conditions. He cautions that without the sociological imagination, society risks
trivializing or psychologizing problems that have structural causes.
Science and Humanism as Two Cultures: Mills contrasts the "scientific" and "humanistic"
perspectives, suggesting that sociological imagination bridges the gap between these
approaches. While science aims to understand objective realities, humanistic approaches are
more subjective, focusing on meaning and cultural interpretation. The sociological imagination
merges these, allowing for both empirical investigation and empathetic understanding of social
realities.
The Promise of Social Science: Mills argues that the sociological imagination represents the
promise of social science by helping people critically understand society, contextualize their
experiences, and actively address public issues. He calls for sociologists and intellectuals to
embrace this quality of mind, warning that current trends in social science—like an
overemphasis on bureaucratic methods and isolated studies—risk losing sight of social
science’s larger purpose.
In sum, Mills' The Sociological Imagination advocates for a mindset that links individual
experiences with societal structures and historical context. It is both a tool for understanding and
a call to action, urging people to view personal troubles within the framework of public issues
and empowering them to enact change. Mills believes this approach is crucial for both personal
fulfillment and societal progress.
1. How does the sociological imagination help us understand our personal problems as
connected to larger social structures?
Answer: The sociological imagination reveals that individual challenges often reflect societal
issues. For example, personal financial stress may not only be due to individual budgeting skills
but also economic factors like wage stagnation, inflation, or job market shifts. By recognizing
these connections, individuals can shift from blaming themselves to seeing how broader
economic structures affect their circumstances. This perspective can lead to a deeper
understanding of the need for policy changes rather than solely focusing on individual self-
improvement.

2. Why might people feel isolated or overwhelmed by their personal troubles in modern society?
Answer: Mills suggests that feelings of isolation arise because people often don’t see the
connection between their troubles and wider social forces. Society increasingly promotes
individual responsibility, which can obscure structural influences on personal challenges. For
instance, a person might feel solely accountable for not affording healthcare, while ignoring how
systemic issues in healthcare policies and job benefits play a role. The sociological imagination,
by linking personal and public issues, offers a sense of context and alleviates feelings of
isolation by showing that many people face similar struggles.
3. What distinguishes a personal trouble from a public issue, and why is this distinction
important?
Answer: Personal troubles are challenges faced within one’s immediate environment, whereas
public issues are societal problems that affect large groups and arise from structural
dysfunctions. This distinction is critical because it guides where solutions should be sought. If a
problem, like high unemployment, is understood as a public issue rather than individual failure,
then solutions can be sought through policy change, economic reform, or collective action rather
than expecting each individual to overcome it alone.
4. How can the sociological imagination be applied to understand and address modern issues,
like mental health or climate change?
Answer: For mental health, the sociological imagination prompts us to consider factors beyond
individual psychology, such as social isolation, economic stress, and the impact of modern
technology, which can contribute to mental health struggles. Solutions might involve community-
building, economic support policies, and responsible tech usage guidelines. For climate change,
the sociological imagination urges us to look at systemic contributors like industrial practices,
government policies, and consumption patterns, prompting collective responsibility and large-
scale action rather than placing the burden solely on individual lifestyle changes.
5. What values might people cherish today that feel threatened, and how does this relate to the
concept of the sociological imagination?
Answer: People often value security, freedom, and equality, yet feel these are threatened by
issues like political polarization, economic inequality, and climate crisis. The sociological
imagination helps individuals articulate these values clearly and understand how larger forces,
such as global capitalism or political structures, may be compromising them. This awareness
can lead to collective movements that aim to protect or restore these values through activism,
policy advocacy, or social reform.
6. How does the sociological imagination empower people to act on social issues?
Answer: By understanding how personal troubles are connected to public issues, individuals
may feel more inclined to engage in social action, as they realize their struggles are shared. For
example, someone experiencing job insecurity might be motivated to join labor unions or
advocate for job protection policies once they see that many others face similar vulnerabilities
due to shifts in labor markets or corporate practices. The sociological imagination provides not
just clarity but also a sense of solidarity and agency to work towards social change.

7. How can sociologists apply the sociological imagination to avoid trivial or detached research
and instead address pressing social issues?
Answer: Sociologists can apply the sociological imagination by focusing on research topics that
highlight the intersections of individual lives and social structures, particularly those affecting the
public good, such as inequality, justice, and health. Rather than isolating variables in overly
technical studies, they can emphasize the broader contexts and histories behind social
phenomena, making their findings accessible and relevant to policymakers, activists, and the
general public. This approach enhances the relevance of sociology in addressing real-world
issues.
8. What role does the sociological imagination play in developing empathy and understanding
between different groups?
Answer: The sociological imagination fosters empathy by helping individuals understand that
people’s behaviors and choices are often shaped by their social contexts. Recognizing that
someone’s challenges might be tied to structural issues—such as poverty, education disparities,
or racial discrimination—can reduce judgment and foster compassion. This perspective
encourages individuals to view others’ lives within their historical and social contexts, leading to
greater mutual understanding and potentially reducing social divides.
In summary, the sociological imagination serves as a powerful tool for deepening our
understanding of personal and societal issues, fostering empathy, and empowering collective
action toward societal improvement. It highlights the critical need to view individual experiences
through the lens of broader social dynamics to better navigate and address the challenges of
contemporary life.

GLOBALIZATION IS THE PROCESS OF EXPANDING AND STRENGTHENING

CONNECTIONS AMONG PEOPLE, COUNTRIES, AND CULTURES ACROSS THE WORLD. IT
INVOLVES CREATING NEW NETWORKS OR GROWING EXISTING ONES THAT CROSS
POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, AND CULTURAL BOUNDARIES. THESE CONNECTIONS ARE
BECOMING FASTER AND MORE INTENSE, THANKS TO TECHNOLOGY LIKE THE
INTERNET, FASTER TRAVEL, AND LIVE COMMUNICATION. GLOBALIZATION ALSO
AFFECTS HOW PEOPLE THINK AND FEEL, MAKING THEM MORE AWARE OF GLOBAL
EVENTS, TRENDS, AND SHARED RESPONSIBILITIES LIKE CLIMATE CHANGE. IT BRINGS
THE WORLD CLOSER TOGETHER, MAKING INTERACTIONS AND EXCHANGES HAPPEN
MORE QUICKLY AND WIDELY
THE PRIMARY GOAL OF PREVENTING ANOTHER GLOBAL WAR WAS THE DRIVING
FORCE BEHIND THE CREATION OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS LIKE THE UNITED
NATIONS (UN). AFTER THE DEVASTATING IMPACT OF TWO WORLD WARS, WORLD
LEADERS RECOGNIZED THE NEED FOR A PLATFORM WHERE COUNTRIES COULD
WORK TOGETHER TO RESOLVE CONFLICTS PEACEFULLY. THE UN WAS ESTABLISHED
TO PROVIDE A SPACE FOR DIALOGUE, PROMOTE COOPERATION ON GLOBAL ISSUES,
AND MANAGE DISPUTES THROUGH DIPLOMACY RATHER THAN VIOLENCE. ALTHOUGH
IT HAS FACED CHALLENGES, THE UN HAS LARGELY SUCCEEDED IN PREVENTING
LARGE-SCALE GLOBAL WARS BY FOSTERING COMMUNICATION, ESTABLISHING
NORMS FOR PEACEFUL COEXISTENCE, AND ENABLING COLLECTIVE ACTION AMONG
ITS MEMBER STATES.

THE SILK ROAD WAS A NETWORK OF ANCIENT TRADE ROUTES THAT CONNECTED
CHINA TO MANY OTHER PARTS OF THE WORLD, INCLUDING CENTRAL ASIA, THE
MIDDLE EAST, AND EUROPE. IT ALLOWED PEOPLE TO EXCHANGE GOODS LIKE SILK,
SPICES, AND PRECIOUS STONES, AS WELL AS IDEAS, CULTURES, AND
TECHNOLOGIES. THIS NETWORK OF PATHWAYS PLAYED A BIG ROLE IN THE
DEVELOPMENT OF TRADE AND RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN DIFFERENT CIVILIZATIONS.
IT WAS ONE OF THE FIRST EXAMPLES OF GLOBALIZATION, SHOWING HOW PEOPLE
FROM DIFFERENT REGIONS COULD INTERACT AND SHARE RESOURCES DESPITE
LONG DISTANCES

COLONIALISM IS A SYSTEM OF DOMINATION WHERE ONE GROUP OF PEOPLE TAKES

CONTROL OVER ANOTHER. IT INVOLVES OCCUPYING THEIR LAND, EXPLOITING
RESOURCES, AND CONTROLLING THE LOCAL ECONOMY TO BENEFIT THE
COLONIZERS. THIS OFTEN LED TO CULTURAL, POLITICAL, AND ECONOMIC
SUBJUGATION OF THE COLONIZED, SUPPRESSING THEIR DEVELOPMENT AND
CREATING DEPENDENCY ON THE COLONIZING POWER

THE TERM "GLOBAL SOUTH" BROADLY REFERS TO THE REGIONS OF LATIN AMERICA,
ASIA, AFRICA, AND OCEANIA. IT IS OFTEN USED TO DESCRIBE AREAS OUTSIDE
EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA, MANY OF WHICH ARE LOW-INCOME AND FACE
POLITICAL OR CULTURAL MARGINALIZATION. THIS TERM SHIFTS THE FOCUS FROM
TRADITIONAL IDEAS OF DEVELOPMENT OR CULTURAL DIFFERENCES TO THE
GEOPOLITICAL POWER RELATIONS THAT SHAPE THESE REGIONS' EXPERIENCES IN
THE GLOBAL SYSTEM
THINKING OUTSIDE THE BOX, IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD,
REFERS TO APPROACHING GLOBAL ISSUES, CHALLENGES, AND OPPORTUNITIES
WITH CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION RATHER THAN RELYING ON CONVENTIONAL
METHODS. IN A RAPIDLY GLOBALIZING WORLD, THIS MEANS QUESTIONING
TRADITIONAL WAYS OF ADDRESSING ECONOMIC INEQUALITY, ENVIRONMENTAL
CRISES, CULTURAL CONFLICTS, AND POLITICAL TENSIONS. FOR INSTANCE, SOLVING
GLOBAL PROBLEMS LIKE CLIMATE CHANGE MAY REQUIRE INNOVATIVE
TECHNOLOGIES, CROSS-BORDER COLLABORATIONS, OR NEW POLICIES THAT
CHALLENGE THE STATUS QUO. IT EMPHASIZES THE IMPORTANCE OF ADAPTABILITY,
INCLUSIVITY, AND FRESH PERSPECTIVES TO NAVIGATE THE INTERCONNECTED AND
COMPLEX REALITIES OF TODAY'S GLOBAL SOCIETY.

THE CONCEPT OF DIVIDING PRODUCTION INTO SEPARATE TASKS REFERS TO THE

GLOBAL DIVISION OF LABOR WITHIN THE WORLD ECONOMY. THIS SYSTEM INVOLVES
BREAKING DOWN THE PRODUCTION PROCESS INTO SMALLER TASKS, WITH
DIFFERENT REGIONS OR COUNTRIES SPECIALIZING IN SPECIFIC PARTS BASED ON
THEIR RESOURCES OR CAPABILITIES. FOR EXAMPLE, RAW MATERIALS MAY BE
EXTRACTED IN ONE COUNTRY, PROCESSED IN ANOTHER, AND ASSEMBLED INTO
FINISHED GOODS ELSEWHERE. THIS DIVISION CREATES INTERDEPENDENCE
BETWEEN NATIONS BUT ALSO HIGHLIGHTS INEQUALITIES, AS WEALTHIER COUNTRIES
OFTEN CONTROL HIGH-VALUE TASKS LIKE DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGY, WHILE
POORER COUNTRIES ARE LEFT WITH LABOR-INTENSIVE, LOW-WAGE ROLES. THIS
STRUCTURE EMPHASIZES THE NEED TO ADDRESS THE DISPARITIES IT CREATES IN
GLOBAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS.

THIS PROCESS REFERS TO ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION, WHERE THE WORLD

ECONOMY BECOMES MORE INTERCONNECTED AND FUNCTIONS AS A SINGLE
SYSTEM. THIS HAPPENS AS TRANSNATIONAL ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES, SUCH AS TRADE,
INVESTMENTS, AND FINANCIAL EXCHANGES, EXPAND TO INCLUDE MORE COUNTRIES.
OVER TIME, THIS DEEPENS ECONOMIC INTERDEPENDENCE AMONG NATIONS. FOR
INSTANCE, A PRODUCT MIGHT BE DESIGNED IN ONE COUNTRY, MANUFACTURED IN
ANOTHER, AND SOLD GLOBALLY, ILLUSTRATING HOW ECONOMIES ARE LINKED. WHILE
THIS INTEGRATION CAN CREATE OPPORTUNITIES FOR GROWTH AND
COLLABORATION, IT ALSO EXPOSES COUNTRIES TO SHARED VULNERABILITIES, SUCH
AS ECONOMIC CRISES OR ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES.

CAPITALISM IS AN ECONOMIC SYSTEM WHERE BUSINESSES, FACTORIES, AND OTHER

MEANS OF PRODUCTION ARE OWNED BY INDIVIDUALS OR PRIVATE COMPANIES, NOT
THE GOVERNMENT. THE MAIN GOAL OF CAPITALISM IS TO MAKE A PROFIT. IN THIS
SYSTEM, PEOPLE ARE FREE TO START BUSINESSES, SELL PRODUCTS, AND COMPETE
WITH OTHERS IN THE MARKET. PRICES FOR GOODS AND SERVICES ARE USUALLY SET
BY SUPPLY AND DEMAND, MEANING HOW MUCH PEOPLE WANT SOMETHING AND HOW
MUCH IS AVAILABLE. CAPITALISM ENCOURAGES INNOVATION AND COMPETITION, BUT
IT CAN ALSO LEAD TO INEQUALITY, AS SOME PEOPLE OR COMPANIES MIGHT EARN
MUCH MORE MONEY THAN OTHERS.

THE WORLD-SYSTEMS THEORY EXPLAINS THAT COUNTRIES ARE PART OF A GLOBAL

SYSTEM DIVIDED INTO CORE, PERIPHERAL, AND SEMI-PERIPHERAL NATIONS. CORE
COUNTRIES ARE WEALTHY AND POWERFUL, WHILE PERIPHERAL COUNTRIES
PROVIDE RAW MATERIALS AND CHEAP LABOR. THIS CREATES AN UNEQUAL
EXCHANGE, KEEPING RICH COUNTRIES DOMINANT AND POOR COUNTRIES
DEPENDENT.

INTERNATIONALISM IS THE DESIRE FOR COUNTRIES AND PEOPLE TO COOPERATE

AND WORK TOGETHER FOR THE COMMON GOOD. IT FOCUSES ON UNITY, PEACE, AND
SOLVING GLOBAL PROBLEMS THROUGH COLLABORATION RATHER THAN CONFLICT.

GLOBAL KEYNESIANISM EMPHASIZES THE NEED FOR GOVERNMENT INVOLVEMENT IN

MANAGING ECONOMIES, ENSURING FAIR INCOME DISTRIBUTION, SUSTAINABLE
INVESTMENT, AND GLOBAL DEMAND. IT PROMOTES BALANCING ECONOMIC GROWTH
WITH ENVIRONMENTAL CARE AND MANAGING ECONOMIES AT LOCAL, NATIONAL, AND
GLOBAL LEVELS FOR STABILITY AND FAIRNESS

NEOCOLONIALISM IS WHEN POWERFUL COUNTRIES KEEP EXPLOITING THEIR

FORMER COLONIES THROUGH ECONOMIC CONTROL, EVEN AFTER THEY GAIN
INDEPENDENCE. THIS CREATES ONGOING DEPENDENCE, PREVENTING THE
COLONIES FROM GROWING OR MAKING DECISIONS FREELY.

WORLD-SYSTEMS THEORY, CREATED BY IMMANUEL WALLERSTEIN, EXPLAINS HOW

THE WORLD IS DIVIDED INTO CORE, SEMI-PERIPHERAL, AND PERIPHERAL
COUNTRIES. CORE COUNTRIES ARE RICH AND POWERFUL, WHILE PERIPHERAL
COUNTRIES ARE POOR AND EXPLOITED. THE THEORY SHOWS HOW THESE UNEQUAL
RELATIONSHIPS CONTRIBUTE TO GLOBAL INEQUALITY