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CHAPTER SS - I

SOCIAL SERVICE CAPSULE

Basics of Social Service

1. Methods. There are generally three accepted methods identified for conduct of social
service which are as under:-

(a) Social Case Work. This aims to help the individual make maximum use of the
established community, through understanding the individual in his total situation.

(b) Social Group Work. It seeks to help the individuals utilize their fullest capacity for their
own welfare and for the welfare of the group as a whole, through understanding of the behaviour
of individuals in a group setting.

(c) Community Organization. It attempts to help groups of individuals or groups of

agencies to work together so that their combined efforts will be useful for the social welfare of the
whole community.

2. Types of Social Service Activities. There can be many social service activities. Some of the
social service activities which can be undertaken are as under:-

(a) Education.
(b) Family Welfare, Medical Care, Family Planning and Nutrition.
(c) Provision of Water and Cooking Fuel, Roads, Electricity and Sanitation.
(d) Old Age Support Systems.
(e) Employment.
(f) Social Assistance, Social Security and Care & Protection.
(g) Housing and Rehabilitation.
(h) Recreation, Sports and Social activities.

3. Contribution of NCC Cadets. NCC cadets individually or in a group can make significant
contribution in this field:-

(a) If a student helps a blind man cross a road it is a service done to humanity.
(b) A group of students can render service to people ravaged by flood, cyclone, famine and
earthquake.
(c) Students are educated and they can remove superstition, blind faith, ignorance of the
illiterate.
(d) They can help the nation in the removal of illiteracy.
(e) Students can teach them to take health care.
(f) They can take active part in the national scheme of afforestation.
(g) They can look to the sanitation of their own area.
(h) The students may have a role to play in awakening public opinion against social evils like
drug addiction, casteism, dowry system, by taking out procession or organizing seminars.
(i) They can nurse the sick, donate blood, and hospitalize them in time of need. In any kind
of accident students can render considerable help.

Rural Development Objectives

4. Objectives of Rural Development. Following are the primary objectives of

rural development:-

(a) To improve the living standards by providing food, shelter, clothing, employment and
education.
(b) To Increase productivity in rural areas and reduce poverty.
(c) To involve people in planning and development through their participation in decision
making and through centralization of administration.
(d) To ensure distributive Justice and equalization of opportunities in the society.
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Important Rural Development Programmes

5. MGNREGA. Stands for the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act. It was
the first ever law internationally, that guarantees wage employment. MGNREGA aims at improving livelihood
and security of households in rural areas of the country. It guarantees of least one hundred days of wage
employment in a year to every household whose adult member volunteers to do unskilled manual work.

6. Features of MGNREGA. Unique features of the Act include:-

(a) Time bound employment guarantee and wage payment within 15 days.
(b) Incentive- disincentive structure to the state government, for providing or not providing
employment, as per demand.
(c) Emphasis on labour intensive work prohibiting the use of contractor, and machinery.
(d) Ensure the creation of durable community, social and economic infrastructure and assets in the
rural areas.
(e) The Act also mandates 33 percent participation for women.

7. Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY). It was launched with aim of giving connectivity.
It is a nationwide plan in India to provide good all-weather road connectivity to unconnected villages. Of
178,000 (1.7 lakh) habitations with a population of above 500 in the plains and above 250 in the hilly areas
planned to be connected by all-weather roads, 82% were already connected by December 2017 and work-
in-progress on the remaining 47,000 habitations was on-track for completion by March 2019 (December
2017).

8. National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP). The National Social Assistance

Programme (NSAP) was launched in 1995-96. The NSAP then comprised of the National Old Age Pension
Scheme (NOAPS) for senior citizens, National Family Benefit Scheme (NFBS) and National Maternity
Benefit Scheme (NMBS). On 1st April, 2000 a new scheme known as ‘Annapurna Scheme’ was
launched. This Scheme aimed at providing 10 kg of food grains per month to meet the requirement of
those senior citizens who, though eligible had remained uncovered under the NOAPS.

9. Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojna. In this, each Member of Parliament would take out some part of their
funds for the development of any one adopted village. The funds would be used for construction and
development of that village. Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana is a rural development programme broadly
focusing upon the development in the villages which includes social development, cultural development and
spread motivation among the people on social mobilization of the village community. The distinct feature
of this Yojana is that it is (a) demand driven (b) inspired by society (c) based on people's participation.

10. Key objectives of the Yojana include.

(a) The development of model villages, called Adarsh Grams, through the implementation of
existing schemes, and certain new initiatives to be designed for the local context, which may vary
from village to village.
(b) Creating models of local development which can be replicated in other villages.
(c) Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana was initiated to bring the member of parliament of all the
political parties under the same umbrella while taking the responsibility of developing physical and
institutional infrastructure in villages and turn them into model villages. Under this yojana,
each member of parliament needs to choose one village each from the constituency that they
represent, except their own village or their in-laws village and fix parameters and make it a model
village by 2019.
(d) Villages will be offered smart schools, universal access to basic health facilities and Pucca
housing to homeless villagers.

11. Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojna. Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) is an initiative by
Government of India in which affordable housing will be provided to the urban poor with a target of building
20 million affordable houses by 31 March 2022. It has two components: Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana
(Urban) (PMAY-U) for the urban poor and Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana (Gramin) (PMAY-G and
also PMAY-R) for the rural poor. This scheme is converged with other schemes to ensure houses have
a toilet, Saubhagya Yojana electricity connection, Ujjwala Yojana LPG gas connection, access to drinking
water and Jan Dhan banking facilities, etc.
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12. The features of Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana are that the government will provide an interest
subsidy of 6.5% on housing loans availed by the beneficiaries for a period of 20 years under credit link
subsidy scheme (CLSS) from the start of a loan. The houses under Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana would
be constructed through a technology that is eco-friendly, while allotting ground floors in any housing scheme
under PMAY, preference will be given to differently abled and older persons.

13. Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojna. It is a life insurance policy in ensuring financial future for the
customer with lowest cost on yearly basis. Anyone within the age group from 18 to 50 years can get enrolled
in it. As of May 2015, only 20% of India's population has any kind of insurance, this scheme aims to increase
the number. Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana is available to people between 18 and 50 years of
age with bank accounts.

14. This scheme will be linked also to the bank accounts opened under the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan
Yojana scheme. Most of these accounts had zero balance initially. The government aims to reduce the
number of such zero balance accounts by using this and related schemes. Now all Bank account holders
can avail this facility through their net-banking service facility or filling a form at the bank branch at any time
of the year. The premium is deducted automatically from the insured's bank account. Insured's family
members will receive a sum insured of 2 lac Rupees after insured's death.

15. Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojna (PMKSY). This scheme is a national mission to
improve farm productivity and ensure better utilization of the resources in the country.Major objectives of
PMKSY are:-

(a) Convergence of investment in irrigation at the field level.

(b) Expand cultivable area under irrigation.
(c) Improve On-farm water use efficiency to reduce wastage of water.
(d) Enhance the adoption of being precise in irrigation and other water saving technologies
(more crop per drop).
(e) Enhance recharge of aquifers and introduce sustainable water conservation practice.

Social Security Schemes of Government

16. Government of India has launched three new mega social security schemes. These schemes
intend to widen the process of financial inclusion in the country to include Atal Pension Yojana (APY),
Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Yojana (PMJJBY), and Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana (PMSBY).

17. Atal Pension Yojana (APY). This scheme has been launched to make the population self-
reliant (under pension) after they have spent a lifetime working in non-pensionable jobs. The government
aspires to make the unorganized workforce which makes chunk of the Indian labour force join the National
Pension Scheme. This will enable them to compulsorily save for their future. The features of the scheme
are as follows:-

(a) The pension subscribers will receive a fixed minimum monthly pension ranging from
Rs.1,000 to Rs. 5,000 at the age of 60 years. The fixed minimum monthly pension will be depending
on the contributions of subscribers.
(b) Union Government will co-contribute 50 percent of the total contribution of subscriber for
a period of 5 years.
(c) Subscribers must have bank account and should not be members of any statutory social
security scheme or Income Tax payers.
(d) The minimum age of joining is 18 years and maximum age is 40 years. Focus of APY is to
target unorganized sector workers.
(e) The pension will also be available to the spouse on the death of the subscriber and
thereafter, the pension corpus would be returned to the nominee.
(f) Subscriber and Enrolment Payment will be auto-debited from the accounts of account
holders depending upon selected monthly pension range.
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18. Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Yojana (PMJJBY). The features of the scheme are as
follows:-

(a) The insurance subscriber will get an annual life insurance in case of death.
(b) It is available to any person in the age group of 18 to 50 years having a bank account.
(c) Risk coverage of this scheme is Rs. 2 lakhs in case of death due to any reason. For
premium, Rs. 330 per annum will be directly auto-debited by the bank from the subscriber’s
account.
(d) The Scheme will be offered by life Insurance Corporation (LIC) and all other life insurers
who are willing to tie up with banks for the purpose of joining the scheme.

19. Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana (PMSBY). It is aimed at increasing the penetration
of accidental insurance cover in India. The features of this scheme are as follows:-

(a) The insurance subscriber will get annual life insurance in case of accidental death, partial
disability or full disability.
(b) It is available to any person in the age group of 18 to 70 years. Any person having Aadhaar
number-linked bank account can join the scheme.
(c) He/ she must give a simple form to the bank every year before 1st of June. In the form,
name of nominee also must be given.
(d) Risk coverage for accidental death and full disability is Rs. 2 lakh and for partial disability
is Rs.1 lakh.
(e) For the payment of premium, Rs. 12 per annum will be directly auto-debited by the bank
from the subscriber’s account in case of long-term option.

NGOs

20. Non-Government Organisations.

(a) These are organisations which are controlled by members of society, who form a group or
groups and, work towards social welfare and nation building. People with common objective and
aspirations, together make organisations called Non-Government Organisation (NGOs) and get
them registered.

(b) An NGO is a non-profit group or association that acts outside of institutionalised political
structures and pursue matters of interest to its members by lobbying, persuasion, or direct action.

(c) NGOs firstly make survey of various problems, collect information about them, organize
various demonstrations, give speeches and wherever action needs to be taken, they take with full
vigour. They understand social problems, the causes, affects and create necessary infrastructure
to overcome them.

(d) NGOs are primarily non-commercial. They collect funds both from people and the
government. NGOs usually gain a portion of their funding from private sources. Major sources
of NGO funding include membership dues, grant from international institutions or national
governments and private donations.

Contribution of NGOs

21. Contribution by NGOs could be in the following activities undertaken by them:-

(a) Blood Donation.

(b) Adult Literacy.
(c) Anti Dowry Drive.
(d) Anti-Leprosy Drive.
(e) Anti-Drug Drive.
(f) Tree Plantation.
(g) Environmental Programmes.
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(h) Help in natural calamities such as Flood, Earth-quake.

(i) Educating people about the ill-effects of AIDS and education for prevention of the same.
(j) Family Planning Programmes.
(k) Community Development Work.
(l) Promotion of Social-equality.
(m) Wildlife and Animal Care.
(n) Human-rights.
(o) Awareness Campaign.
(p) Child Care.
(q) Polio Eradication drive.
(r) Providing schooling facilities especially in remote villages and rural areas.
(s) Creating and providing health and hygiene infrastructure and facilities to reduce diseases
and help in creating a healthy and fit population.
(t) Cottage Industry.
(u) Orphanage and Old Age Homes.

Contribution of Youth

22. The Role of Youth. In order to consider the role of youth in India it is helpful to first consider
the overall situation in India as this provides the context in which young people are growing up. There are
two areas in particular to consider: the transition towards being a developed country and the changes in
population. India has made great strides in technology and other areas, including the space programme.
However, much of the country remains unaffected by such developments and there is still much to be done
to create an inclusive society where the living conditions for the whole population are brought up to an
acceptable level and absolute poverty is eradicated. The differences between castes and religions also
still remain a factor in the cohesiveness of the population as a whole.

23. This potential pool of youth power can be effectively motivated and channelised to contribute
towards social welfare. There are several welfare activities in which they can voluntarily participate. There
are various NGOs (non-government organizations) which provide base or a platform, where from and
under which they can pursue the following welfare activities:

(a) Students can work in the hospitals to attend helpless patients on weekends or during free
days in a week.
(b) They can provide solace to the old people in the old age homes.
(c) Teaching adult people and making people aware of spread of diseases,
hygienic conditions can prove to be a boon (blessing) for illiterate people.
(d) NCC units can be made compulsory in the colleges and universities. The students
personally can go to the depressed and the deprived people and experience their afflictions. This
experience is aimed at holistic concept of education.
(e) After getting training for first aid, they can be a blessing for the society where they can
contribute their valuable services. Like in case of: Dog bite, an accident, fractures or other
emergency condition.

24. In fact, Social service can/must be implemented as a subject of study in the

educational institutions. In this way, education will be wedded to the social expectations and obligations.

Role of NCC

25. NCC plays a major role in upliftment and improvement of the society either through direct involvement
or by spreading awareness among people through campaigns and other programmes. NCC contributes
towards the development of society in the following ways:-

(a) Blood donation Camps. The NCC units organise blood donation camps on regular basis and
at the same time encourage others for their participation and contribution in same.

(b) Tree Plantation. Tree plantation drive has been the regular affair by NCC, where in, all
cadets participate to generate awareness among the people and encourage them for planting more
trees.
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(c) Swachh Bharat Abhiyan. The NCC also contributes to the cleanliness drive initiated by our
Hon’ble Prime Minister Narendra Modi. As part of Swachh Bharat Abhiyan NCC adopts villages or
other areas to promote cleanliness and make people aware of the importance hygiene and sanitation.
Each cadet in NCC is to do 100 hours of shramdaan.

(d) Awareness Programmes. The NCC cadets organise various awareness programmes
to promote awareness among the people. They highlight on the issues that need to be addressed so
as to eradicate from our society. Few important awareness programmes being organized by NCC
are:-

(i) Female foeticide

(ii) Dowry system
(iii) Population control
(iv) HIV/AIDS
(v) Health and hygiene
(vi) Child abuse and trafficking
(vii) Drug abuse and trafficking

26. While carrying out any such welfare activity cadets would not undertake any menial task and they will
not be tasked for any activity when their safety is at risk.

SUMMARY

1. There are generally three accepted methods identified for conduct of social service which are as
under:-

(a) Social Case Work.

(b) Social Group Work.
(c) Community Organization.

2. Types of Social Service Activities. There can be many social service activities. Some of
the social service activities which can be undertaken are as under:-

(a) Education.
(b) Family Welfare, Medical Care, Family Planning and Nutrition.
(c) Provision of Water and Cooking Fuel, Roads, Electricity and Sanitation.
(d) Old Age Support Systems.
(e) Employment.
(f) Social Assistance, Social Security and Care & Protection.
(g) Housing and Rehabilitation.
(h) Recreation, Sports and Social activities.

3. Contribution of NCC Cadets. NCC cadets individually or in a group can make significant
contribution in this field:-

(a) If a student helps a blind man cross a road it is a service done to humanity.
(b) A group of students can render service to people ravaged by flood, cyclone, famine and
earthquake.
(c) Students are educated and they can remove superstition, blind faith, ignorance of the
illiterate.
(d) They can help the nation in the removal of illiteracy.
(e) Students can teach them to take health care.
(f) They can take active part in the national scheme of afforestation.
(g) They can look to the sanitation of their own area.
(h) The students may have a role to play in awakening public opinion against social evils like
drug addiction, casteism, dowry system, by taking out procession or organizing seminars.
(i) They can nurse the sick, donate blood, and hospitalize them in time of need. In any kind
of accident students can render considerable help.
 153

4. Objectives of Rural Development. Following are the primary objectives of

rural development:-

(a) To improve the living standards by providing food, shelter, clothing, employment and
education.
(b) To Increase productivity in rural areas and reduce poverty.
(c) To involve people in planning and development through their participation in decision
making and through centralization of administration.
(d) To ensure distributive Justice and equalization of opportunities in the society.

5. Important Rural Development Programmes.

(a) MGNREGA.
(b) Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY).
(c) National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP).
(d) Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojna.
(e) Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojna.
(f) Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojna.
(g) Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojna (PMKSY).

6. Social Security Schemes of Government.

(a) Atal Pension Yojana (APY).

(b) Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Yojana (PMJJBY).
(c) Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana (PMSBY).

7. An NGO is a non-profit group or association that acts outside of institutionalised political structures
and pursue matters of interest to its members by lobbying, persuasion, or direct action.

8. This potential pool of youth power can be effectively motivated and channelised to contribute towards
social welfare. There are several welfare activities in which they can voluntarily participate. There are
various NGOs (non-government organizations) which provide base or a platform, where from and
under which they can pursue the following welfare activities:

(a) Students can work in the hospitals to attend helpless patients on weekends or during free
days in a week.
(b) They can provide solace to the old people in the old age homes.
(c) Teaching adult people and making people aware of spread of diseases,
hygienic conditions can prove to be a boon (blessing) for illiterate people.
(d) NCC units can be made compulsory in the colleges and universities. The students
personally can go to the depressed and the deprived people and experience their afflictions. This
experience is aimed at holistic concept of education.
(e) After getting training for first aid, they can be a blessing for the society where they can
contribute their valuable services. Like in case of: Dog bite, an accident, fractures or other
emergency condition.