B.

TECH/ME/5TH SEM/MECH 3102/2022

B.TECH/ME/5TH SEM/MECH 3102/2022

HEAT TRANSFER
(MECH 3102)
Time Allotted : 3 hrs Full Marks : 70
Figures out of the right margin indicate full marks.
Candidates are required to answer Group A and
any 5 (five) from Group B to E, taking at least one from each group.
Candidates are required to give answer in their own words as far as practicable.
Group – A
(Multiple Choice Type Questions)

1. Choose the correct alternative for the following: 10 × 1 = 10

(i) When does the general heat conduction equation which gives the temperature
distribution and conduction heat flow in an isotropic solid reduce to Laplace equation?
(a) If the body or element is in unsteady-state with heat generation
(b) If the body or element is in steady-state with heat generation
(c) If the body or element is in unsteady-state with no heat generation
(d) If the body or element is in steady-state with no heat generation.
(ii) For a long solid cylinder of radius R with uniform volumetric heat generation, the
𝑇−𝑇𝑤
temperature distribution in the dimensionless form is given by =
𝑇𝑚𝑎𝑥 −𝑇𝑤
[symbols have usual meaning]
𝑟 𝑟 𝑟 𝑟
(a) 1 − (b) 1 − ( )2 (c) 1 − ( )3 (d) 1 − ( )4 .
𝑅 𝑅 𝑅 𝑅

(iii) Water enters a pipe at 20°C at a rate of 0.50 kg/s and is heated to 60°C. The rate of
heat transfer to water is approximately
(a) 20 kW (b) 42 kW (c) 84 kW (d) 126 kW.
(iv) A composite wall of a furnace has two layers of same thickness having thermal
conductivities in the ratio of 2:3. What is the ratio of temperature drop across the
two layers?
(a) 1:2 (b) 2:3 (c) 3:1 (d) 3:2.
(v) Grashoff number is given by
(a) gD3.β.Δtρ2/μ2 (b) gD2βΔtρ/μ2
(c) gD2βΔtP2μ (d) gD3βΔtP2/μ;
(Symbols have their usual meaning)
(vi) The product of Reynolds number and Prandtl number is known as
(a) Stanton number (b) Biot number
(c) Peclet number (d) Grashoff number.
(vii) The temperature of a solid surface changes from 27°C to 627°C. The emissive power
change would then conform to the ratio
(a) 3 (b) 9 (c) 81 (d) 23.2.
MECH 3102 1
B.TECH/ME/5TH SEM/MECH 3102/2022
(viii) Thermal diffusivity of a substance is
(a) directly proportional to the thermal conductivity
(b) inversely proportional to density of substance
(c) inversely proportional to specific heat
(d) all of the above.
(ix) In free convection heat transfer, Nusselt number is function of
(a) Grashoff number and Reynolds number
(b) Grashoff number and Prandtl number
(c) Prandtl number and Reynolds number
(d) Grashoff number, Prandtl number and Reynolds number.
(x) LMTD in case of counter flow heat exchanger as compared to parallel flow heat
exchanger is
(a) higher (b) lower
(c) the same ame (d) depends on the area of heat exchanger.

Group – B
2. (a) In an oil fired furnace, the combustion products are at 1000°C and the atmospheric
air is at 25°C. The convective heat transfer coefficient between the hot combustion
products and the furnace wall is 10 𝑊/𝑚2 𝐾. The convective heat transfer coefficient
between the atmospheric air and the other side of the furnace wall is 5 𝑊/𝑚2 𝐾. The
furnace wall is made of fireclay brick [𝑘 = 1.04 𝑊/(𝑚. 𝐾)]. Determine the maximum
thickness of the wall if the wall temperature is not to exceed 800°C.
[(CO2)(Analyze/IOCQ)]
(b) A flat nickel-steel [𝑘 = 19 𝑊/(𝑚. 𝐾)] plate of 6 cm thickness is used as a heater
which produces the effect of uniform heat generation @ 100 𝑊/𝑚3 by the passage of
electric current through it. If the plate is immersed in a flowing fluid at 25°C and the
film coefficient under these conditions is 50 𝑊/𝑚2 𝐾, determine the temperatures at
either surface of the plate and at the centre. [(CO2)(Understand/IOCQ)]
6 + 6 = 12

3. (a) Inside and outside surfaces of a hollow sphere 𝑎 ≤ 𝑟 ≤ 𝑏 at 𝑟 = 𝑎 and 𝑟 = 𝑏 are

maintained at temperatures of 𝑇1 and 𝑇2 , respectively. The thermal conductivity of
the material varies with temperature and given as𝑘 𝑇 = 𝑘0 1 + 𝛼𝑇 + 𝛽𝑇 2 .
Determine the equivalent constant thermal conductivity for the same heat loss under
identical configuration of shape and temperatures. [(CO2)(Remember/LOCQ)]
(b) An electric wire of 10 m length and 1 mm diameter dissipates 200 W in air at 25°C.
The convective heat transfer coefficient between the wire surface and air is
15 𝑊/𝑚2 𝐾. It is proposed that the wire be covered with electrical insulation of mica
[𝑘 = 0.5815 𝑊/(𝑚. 𝐾)] such that its outer diameter increase to 3 mm. Determine
(i) the temperature of the wire before insulation (ii) whether covering with mica will
cause heat transfer augmentation effect or insulation effect (iii) interface
temperature after mica covering. [(CO2)(Evaluate/HOCQ)]
5 + 7 = 12

MECH 3102 2
B.TECH/ME/5TH SEM/MECH 3102/2022

Group - C
4. (a) The average heat transfer coefficient for flow of 100°C air over a flat plate is measured
by observing the temperature time history of a 3 mm thick copper slab exposed to this
air flow. In one test run, the initial temperature of the plate was 210°C and in 5 minutes
the temperature decreased by 40°C. Calculate the value of heat transfer coefficient.
[𝜌 = 9000 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 ; 𝑐 = 0.38 𝑘𝐽/(𝑘𝑔. 𝐾); 𝑘 = 370 𝑊/(𝑚. 𝐾); symbols have their
usual meaning] [(CO3)(Analyze/IOCQ)]
(b) In an experiment for the determination of the thermal conductivity of a long solid
2.5 cm diameter rod, its base is placed on the outer wall of a furnace with a large
portion of it projecting out in an ambient of 22°C. After the steady state conditions
prevail, temperatures at two different points 10 cm apart are measured and found to
be 110°C and 85°C. The convective heat transfer coefficient between the ambient and
rod surface is determined otherwise, and found to be 28 𝑊/𝑚2 𝐾. Determine the
thermal conductivity of the rod material. [(CO3)(Evaluate/IOCQ)]
6 + 6 = 12

5. (a) Radiant energy with an intensity of 800 W/m2 strikes a flat plate in such a way that
the direction of propagation makes an angle of 30° with the normal to the plate. The
absorptivity is twice the transmissivity and thrice the reflectivity. Determine the rate
of absorption, transmission and reflection.
What is Kirchhoff’s identity? [(CO3)(Remember/LOCQ)]
(b) A large spherical surface of diameter 20 m has been painted black (emissivity ϵ = 1)
and heated by an arrangement located inside. The surface is losing heat to the
atmosphere by radiation and natural convection. The convective heat transfer
coefficient is 10 𝑊 𝑚2 𝐾 and the ambient temperature is 27°C. If the heat produced
by the arrangement inside is 1112 kW, what is the steady temperature of the
surface? [(CO3)(Analyze/IOCQ)]
6 + 6 = 12

Group – D
6. (a) Engine oil at 75°C flows with a velocity of 1 m/s over a 5 m long flat plate whose
temperature is 15°C. The flow is parallel to the length of the plate. Determine the rate
of heat transfer per unit width of the entire plate. The properties of the engine oil at a
film temperature of 45°C are as follows:
ρ = 870 kg/m3; Pr = 2850;
k = 0.145 W/(m° C); ν = 250 x 10–6 m2/s. [(CO4)(Analyze/IOCQ)]
(b) Define Nusselt number (Nu) and Prandtl number (Pr). [(CO4)(Remember/LOCQ)]
8 + 4 = 12

7. (a) When 0.6 kg of water per minute is passed through a tube of 2 cm diameter, it is found
to be heated from 20°C to 60°C. The heating is achieved by condensing steam on the
surface of the tube and subsequently the surface temperature of the tube is maintained
at 90° C. Determine the length of the tube required for fully developed flow.
Properties of water at 40° C:
ρ = 995 kg/m3
MECH 3102 3
B.TECH/ME/5TH SEM/MECH 3102/2022
ν = 0.657x10-6 m2/s
Pr = 4.340
k = 0.628W/mK
Cp = 4178J/kgK [(CO4)(Analyze/IOCQ)]
(b) Explain the Reynolds Colburn analogy for laminar flow over a flat plate.
[(CO4)(Understand/LOCQ)]
8 + 4 = 12

Group - E
8. (a) Consider a 0.6 m × 0.6 m thin square plate in a room at 20°C. One side of the plate is
maintained at a temperature of 100°C, while the other side is insulated. Determine
the rate of heat transfer from the plate by natural convection if the plate is vertical.
The properties of air at the film temperature of 60°C and 1 atm are:
k = 0.02808 W/m°C, Pr = 0.7202
1 1
ν = 1.896 × 10-5 m2/s, 𝛽 = =
𝑇𝑓 333𝐾
1/4 1/3
Use Eq. 𝑁𝑢 = 0.59𝑅𝑎𝐿 , if the flow is laminar or Eq. 𝑁𝑢 = 0.1𝑅𝑎𝐿 , if the flow is
turbulent. [(CO5)(Apply/IOCQ)]
(b) Discuss the various regimes of nucleate boiling. [(CO6)(Understand/LOCQ)]
8 + 4 = 12

9. (a) In a food processing plant, a brine solution is heated from 10°C to 16°C in a double-
pipe heat exchanger by water entering at 57°C and leaving at 42°C at the rate of
0.18 kg/s. If the overall heat transfer coefficient is 800 W/(m2K), determine the area of
heat exchanger required (i) for a parallel flow arrangement, and (ii) for a counterflow
arrangement. Take Cp for water = 4.18 kJ/(kg K). [(CO6)(Analyze/IOCQ)]
(b) Derive equation of Logarithmic Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD) for parallel
flow Heat-exchanger. [(CO6)(Understand/LOCQ)]
8 + 4 = 12

Cognition Level LOCQ IOCQ HOCQ

Percentage distribution 28.12 64.58 7.3
Course Outcome (CO):
After completion of the course, the students will be able to:
CO2 Judge heat transfer rates involving one-dimensional steady-state heat conduction in simple geometries
CO3 Examine heat transfer rates for extended bodies and heat transfer in transient conduction. Explain
and appraise radiation heat transfer between black surfaces, as well as between gray bodies.
CO4 Explain concepts related to convection phenomena, examine practical situations where convection
heat transfer is dominant, use correlations to describe forced convection phenomena for external
and internal flows, and investigate practical problems by applying the knowledge.
CO5 Analyze heat transfer for (i) free convection and (ii) laminar film condensation on a vertical flat
plate, and investigate practical situations where such phenomena are predominant.
CO6 Describe boiling heat transfer phenomenon, analyze heat exchanger performance by using the methods
of LMTD and ε-NTU, and assemble all relevant concepts to design heat exchanger applications.

*LOCQ: Lower Order Cognitive Question; IOCQ: Intermediate Order Cognitive Question; HOCQ: Higher
Order Cognitive Question.
MECH 3102 4