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TEMPLATE
Introduction
Advantages/ disadvantages
-... has become a major topic of concern for…Despite some undesirable drawbacks this
approach may bring about, I firmly believe that they are overshadowed by the
advantages.
- While it is true that…, the importance of…should not be underestimated.
- The issue of…has sparked a debate between…This essay aims to analyze and argue
for the superiority of…
-... hold a unique place in the … landscape, often characterized by a blend of … Despite
some potential benefits/ drawbacks this approach may bring about, I firmly believe that
they are overshadowed by the drawbacks/ benefits.
2. Discuss both views
- The question of whether…has ignited considerable debate. While many people are of
the belief that…others contend that… This essay aims to delve into both perspectives
extensively and provide my own opinion.
- In ….. landscapes, the debate over … is as pressing as ever. While some advocate for
nouns …, others champion + nouns... This essay aims to delve into both perspectives
extensively and provide my own opinion.
3. Two-part
-... has become a major topic of concern for…in many different parts of the world. There
are many reasons behind this phenomenon as now presented and I believe…
-Nowadays, … is becoming increasingly popular among a large number of people. In
my opinion, this trend could bring positive/negative consequences. This essay will
analyze the reasons behind it and explain why it will bring positive/negative effects.
-In this day and age, the trend/ issue/ decline of … is observed in many … This essay
will discuss several factors for this trend and possible solutions to address it.
-It has been observed that ... This essay will discuss several factors contributing to this
trend and propose measures to …
- … has become a major topic of concern for…in many different parts of the world.
Given that…., identifying the reasons behind this pattern is key to finding the solutions.
- NOUN has emerged as a significant global concern, with … This essay aims to
examine several factors contributing to this issue and propose potential solutions.
BODY
1. Advantages/ disadvantages.
Body 1 (negative)
● Of course, it has to be acknowledged that …
● Since…, people raise concerns over…
● In addition, it is suggested that…
● The reason for this is that…
● Chances are that…
● This concern was drawn from…

Body 2 (positive)

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● However, this is not to say that people should downplay the importance of …
● By…, thus, enhance…
● What should be taken into consideration is that… This allows…, as a result,...
● A prime example for this justification is …
● This is an imperative step in…
Conclusion
● In conclusion, despite some undesirable impacts which…could bring about, its
positive potentials should be further considered.
● In conclusion, while … can pose some potential disadvantages, it should be
viewed as …/ I am of the belief that…
● In conclusion, while addressing this trend may pose challenges, concerted efforts
among government authorities, corporations, ABC can…
Phrases and structures
1. Positive
● Facilitates the progress of
● Alleviates
● Lead to overall higher standards
● Results in a conducive environment, which ultimately benefits all
● Optimize
● Remain the fundamental factor in its success/ efficiency
● Serve as a powerful tool in
● Plays a crucial role in driving competition and fostering innovation
● Offer measures to address pressing concerns
● empower … to
● Should be upheld
● should be prioritized as a long term investment with substantial benefits.
● make significant strides in combating this pressing issue.
● Taking all pertinent factors into account
● Beyond their surface-level benefits, (other benefits)
● represents a proactive and pragmatic approach to addressing the pressing of …
● Pillars of something: cốt lõi của cái gì
● translate into
● At the same time = By the same token
● To add further credence to my assertion
2. Negative
● Exacerbate inefficiency of
● Simply impossible in the long-term and could hinder the development of …
● Uncertain return on such investment
● The outcomes of this attempt are highly speculative
● Divert funding and attention away from
● It is essential to consider the broader implications of this pursuit.
● either positive or negative

0. Lỗi hay gặp

1. “Get solutions” -> ARRIVE AT a solution/ DEVISE a solution

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2. “An advantage that someone enjoys” -> an advantage that someone HAS*
3. “Face with challenges” -> BE FACED (MET) WITH challenges/ FACE challenges
4. “Common seen” -> COMMONLY seen/ NOT UNCOMMON for S to V …
5. “In the long-term” -> in the LONG TERM (không có gạch ngang)

6. Hãy đảm bảo là bạn hiểu chính xác đề khi viết Writing nhé!

Ví dụ: Many people use written language in a less formal way and in a more relaxed
way than in the past. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?
Chủ đề ở đây là "use written language in a less formal way and in a more relaxed way
than in the past".
Đừng biến nó thành "use language in an informal way" - nhất là khi cố gắng
paraphrase. Vì từ informal --> formal nó là 1 cái spectrum: có những thứ very informal,
informal, slightly informal, semi-formal, quite formal rồi mới đến strictly formal.
Nếu bạn viết về "use language in an informal way" thì sẽ bị tính là quy chụp và chỉ đc tối
đa 7.0 cho Writing. Nhưng nếu bạn nói là "use language in a more informal way" thì lại
ok, vì nó chưa chạm đến cái extreme là hoàn toàn informal.

7. Semicolon ; Không nên dùng dấu chấm phẩy (semicolons) trong bài thi IELTS

Dấu chấm phẩy có tác dụng vừa là dấu chấm vừa là dấu phẩy, giúp nối 2 independent
clauses lại với nhau mà không cần conjunction (and, or, but). Dấu chấm phẩy sẽ làm
hạn chế khả năng viết của bạn và làm cho bạn ít cơ hội dùng conjunction. Hãy ngắt câu
nếu cần thiết hoặc dùng conjunction thay vì dùng dấu chấm phẩy.

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My notes on Grammar
1. Either
Luôn ở dạng số ít giống như every hay Each
Ví dụ: Either way, either of these computers is expensive
2. Both and, Either or, Neither nor, not only but also.
Không có dấu phẩy ngăn cách ở giữa
Ví dụ:
Either he or she is able to do the job. CORRECT
I not only play football, but also basketball. INCORRECT
3. Semilicon ;
Không nên dùng dấu chấm phẩy (semicolons) trong bài thi IELTS

Dấu chấm phẩy có tác dụng vừa là dấu chấm vừa là dấu phẩy, giúp nối 2 independent
clauses lại với nhau mà không cần conjunction (and, or, but).

Dấu chấm phẩy sẽ làm hạn chế khả năng viết của bạn và làm cho bạn ít cơ hội dùng
conjunction. Hãy ngắt câu nếu cần thiết hoặc dùng conjunction thay vì dùng dấu chấm
phẩy.
4. Experiences vs Experience
Experiences : Các trải nghiệm trong quá khứ (đếm được)
Experience: Kinh nghiệm (sự giỏi giang)
5. Values vs Value
Values: thứ, quan điểm sống mà bạn giá trị (đếm được)
*I value hard work and self confidence. Hard work and self confidence are my values
*Vietnamese have a lot of traditional values such as respect for seniors.

Value: giá trị của một vật (uncountable)

*The value of this iPhone is $200.

6. Natives vs locals
Natives: Chỉ dùng khi muốn nói đến nguồn gốc sinh ra, không dùng với nghĩa “Người
địa phương”
Locals: Người địa phương (đây là từ dùng nhiều nhất chứ không phải là natives)
7. Increase vs Improve
Increase: Tăng, dùng trong số liệu, xu hướng hoặc kích cỡ, tập trung vào quantity.
Improve: Tiến bộ, dùng cho chất lượng ví dụ sức khỏe improves, kỹ năng improves,
knowledge….
8. …, etc. and so on
Dấu ba chấm không tồn tại trong tiếng Anh, Trong tiếng Anh chỉ có dùng “etc.’

*I love eating fish, meat, beef… => SAI

* I love eating fish, meat, beef, and etc. => Đúng nhưng mình không thích

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* I love eating fish, meat, beef and so on. => Đúng nhưng mình vẫn không thích
* I love eating fish, meet and beef => Tốt nhất

9. Such as vs like
Khi dùng such as hay like để liệt kê, bạn không cần kết thúc bằng “etc.” hay “and so on”
10. And / ,
Khi liệt kê, từ cuối cùng danh sách phải được nối bởi AND chứ không phải dấu phẩy.
11. Historic vs Historical
12. Stressed vs Stressful
13. Less vs Fewer
14. amount of number of
15. spend vs use
*Nên sử dụng Spend khi nói đến Time or Money. Không nên dùng Use
*Use: Nếu danh từ đằng sau đếm được
I use money to build a house -> THIẾU TỰ NHIÊN, VIETNAMESE-ENGLISH
I use time to build a house-> Thiếu tự nhiên, VIETNAMESE-ENGLISH
16. Spend+Ving , Spend on +
+Nếu dành thời gian, tiền làm gì đó (V), thì không cần ‘On’
I spend time on building a house-> Incorrect
+Spend on: nếu đó là danh từ, không phải VING
17. Seem to be/ Appear to be vs Seem/ Appear
Dùng cho danh từ/ Dùng cho tính từ
18. Have an impact on/ Impact
Có “on” ở cuối và không có ‘on’
19. What is it/ What it is
20. Worth + Ving
Sử dụng một cách chủ động chứ không phải bị động
21. But/ And
Không nên sử dụng And để bắt đầu câu
Không nên sử dụng But để bắt đầu câu mà hãy dùng Nevertheless
22. Effective vs Efficient
Effective: Nghĩa là có hiệu lực. Hoặc có tác dụng
Efficient: Tốn ít chi phí, ít phí phạm
23. Corrupt vs Corrupted
Corrupt: Là tính từ
Corrupt: là dạng bị động của corrupt (v)

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1. [Sample] Some people believe that certain old buildings should be preserved
more than others. What types of old buildings should be preserved? Do you think
the advantages of preserving old buildings outweigh the disadvantages?

Some people feel that there are old structures that are more deserving of being
conserved than the rest. These are typically places of significant cultural, historical, and/
or religious value. In my opinion, there is a lot to be gained from the preservation of old
buildings and very few tradeoffs.(sự đánh đổi)

It must first be said that not all old buildings are to be maintained. The ones that are in
such dilapidated (công trình mục rữa) a state that they pose a direct threat to the
occupants should be presently taken down or replaced. For example, in Hanoi, there
are many low-rise apartment blocks, most of which were erected some half a century
ago, that are nowhere near fit enough to safely house the hundreds of residents per
building who are living there at the moment. This crop of buildings should be and is in
fact slowly being replaced across the city by new ones built to higher specifications and
better suited to the requirements of modern life.

By contrast, there are a range of old buildings that should be preserved. First of all,
buildings like historic residential complexes or shopping arcades that are still fit for
purpose should be refurbished instead of being demolished, considering the severe
environmental impact of new construction. Second, landmarks should rank high on the
priority list of buildings that must be preserved because of their cultural and historical
significance. By the same token, places of worship that qualify as architectural
masterpieces rightfully deserve conservation efforts as well.

Local authorities should do everything in their power to preserve old buildings because
they constitute a big part of the identity of the cities or towns where they are located. It
is difficult to picture, say, Paris or London or Milan without the historic neighborhoods
replete with pristinely preserved examples of Gothic, Victorian or High Renaissance
architecture. Old buildings' importance is as much an aesthetic contribution(đóng góp về
mặt thẩm mỹ) as it is an economic one, as they add so much to the appeal of cities to
tourists. Preservation may be a costly endeavor, but the buildings practically pay for
their own renovations from the direct or indirect tourism revenue that they generate.

In conclusion, key considerations for picking old buildings to preserve include their
current state, their cultural and historical relevance, and their economic potential. In
most cases, preserving old buildings, while expensive, is an investment that is
guaranteed to pay dividends(mang lại lợi ích, kết quả) in the future.

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2. [Sample] Video records are a better way to learn about the way other people in
the world live than written documents.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Some say that those who wish to know more about foreign cultures are better off
learning about them through videos than text. I strongly agree with this sentiment.

First of all, text as a medium of communicating information is becoming increasingly

obsolete(càng ngày càng lạc hậu). People's attention span is getting shorter because of
their proclivity(xu hướng) for short-form contents(nội dung ăn liền, ngắn gọn) on social
media, which are coincidentally also pushing video contents more than written posts.
Another tendency of the modern- day consumer of information that makes reading an ill
fit for learning is that they want immediacy. A published work of any sort takes at least
months or, in the case of books, usually years to reach readers, by which point the
information contained in it may not be relevant or even accurate anymore. Videos solve
this problem well because, apart from big-budget movie productions, they can be
produced, edited, and posted in a much shorter span of time. The speed at which
videos reach viewers has also increased materially owing to two things: the rise of
content creators and influencers who put out new contents every hour, and the
exhaustive suite of sophisticated content creating tools that contemporary networking
sites like TikTok or Instagram equip creatives with. In short, the modern landscape of
media does not seem favorable for written works as far as learning new things is
concerned.

Second, in the specific context of learning about other people in the world, the
advantages of videos are amplified. Culture is an abstraction that is best felt rather than
read about, and video is the closest thing to physically being in another country and
experiencing how life is lived there. Reading a book, no matter how skilled the writer or
lavish the illustrations, cannot provide quite a clear idea of aspects of life like food or
religion or traditional dress. What words can do is entertaining a romanticized version of
life - Hemingway's idyllic portrayal of the Paris that he knew and loved in 'A Moveable
Feast' comes to mind - but for those who are simply interested in the salient facts about
a community or a place, they are better off watching a video, whether that be a
professional production consisting of multiple seasons and episodes, or a first- hand
account that is under a minute long on Instagram or TikTok.

In conclusion, it is more effective and practical, not to mention fun, to learn about how
other people in the world live through a video rather than a written document. This is
because of people's changing media diet as well as the inherent advantages of video in
capturing experiences.

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3. [Sample] Today many people are spending less and less time at home. What
are the reasons and what are the effects of this trend on individuals and society?

In light of an increasingly fast-paced world, people's lifestyles have shifted drastically.

One of the most notable changes is the shrinking amount of time one spends at home.
In this essay, I will argue that a busier life and an increasing focus on personal
enjoyment are the two key drivers of this trend before showing how such a development
is eminently detrimental to individuals and society.

A majority of people are spending less time at home simply because they are too
occupied with their careers or studies. In certain societies, particularly Asian countries,
inordinate importance is attached to the attainment of status and wealth, which results
in adults devoting more of their time to work or launching their own businesses. By the
same token, children are forced to attend cram classes after school on the premise that
failure to obtain a sterling academic transcript will cost them dearly later in life.

Paradoxically, people's absence from home is as much a result of them having to work
more as one of them trying to enjoy more. As personal enjoyment is championed
among young adults, more are exploring what life offers outside the confines of their
home. This attitude manifests itself in how a large number of individuals in this
demographic choose to socialize with their contemporaries after school or work instead
of going home, and those who are slightly older and have a larger disposable income
are traveling and seeing the world with increasing regularity.

The adverse effects of the aforementioned development are many. On the familial level,
less time at home means weakening family bonds, which is associated with any number
of consequences for each member ranging from feelings of isolation and loneliness to a
frail support system. On the societal level, the deterioration of family relations could
contribute to numerous social problems. For example, when parents spend more time
working and less time with their children, they inadvertently leave their young ones more
vulnerable to toxic influences from friends or the media they consume, which could be a
precursor to increased violence and crime.

In conclusion, people are spending less time at home because they either want to work
more or enjoy more, and I believe this trend has a number of negative implications for
individuals and society.

*Note:
- a key driver of a trend (n): something that contributes to a trend
- eminently (adv): extremely
- inordinate (adj): too much
- attach importance to sth (v): to consider something important
- by the same token: for the same argument
- on the premise that: based on the assumption that

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- paradoxically (adv): in a way that seems contradictory

- champion (v): support
- manifest itself (v): show
- frail (adj): weak
- precursor (n): something that leads to something else
- negative implications (n): bad effects

4. [Sample] Rich countries often give money to poorer countries, but it does not
solve poverty. Therefore, developed countries should give other types of help to
poor countries rather than financial aid.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
It is believed that funding disbursed from wealthy nations to poorer ones has no effect
on poverty, and thus other forms of assistance should be provided instead of money. I
believe it would be myopic- hẹp hòi, ngắn hạn to dismiss foreign aid as entirely
ineffective when it comes to poverty alleviation. I also contend that while it is true
alternative ways to support poor nations should be explored, money has and will
continue to be the most viable form of help.

When examining the economic deprivation that is rampant in many parts of the world in
relation to the sheer amount of aid that is reportedly doled out every year, one could
understandably jump to the conclusion that money does nothing to solve poverty.
However, this way of thinking is fraught with errors. First of all, classifying nations as
either 'rich' or 'poor' is an obsolete way to think about the state of their economy. Most
countries occupy a spot on a spectrum of wealth that should be understood by income
groups. In the past century, many nations who were recipients of foreign aid did
advance from a lower to a higher income bracket, despite not yet being able to call
themselves 'wealthy' (certainly in comparison with the "vast ocean of material
prosperity" that their benefactors enjoy). These success stories are abundant in South
East Asia, for example, where nations like Vietnam, Indonesia and Thailand, which
used to be firmly counted among the poor parts of the world, now boast robust
economies and vastly improved standards of living. Granted, in these specific countries,
or any other region that has not yet earned the label 'prosperous' or 'developed' for that
matter, one could still find examples of abject poverty - towns where local residents'
access to basic amenities like water, electricity or schooling remains severely limited -
and this could create an outsized impression of what little aid has done to lift these
countries out of poverty. However, it is important to look at the bigger economic picture
and realize that, by all accounts, aid has been a force for good in depressed economies.

That is not to say giving money to poor countries is an unimpeachable way to help them
- there is in fact no shortage of problems with the logistics of sending and receiving and
spending foreign aid. One could cite corrupt governments, for example, as one of the
agents that would dampen the efficacy of aid in less developed countries. On this count,
I agree, at least in principle, that other forms of support like technology exchange or
coaching for leaders should be available to poor nations. However, in practice, these
theoretically more practical types of support take years to have any effect, not to

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mention the fact that they are notoriously difficult to deploy owing to such complications
as regional political tensions or lack of personnel on the ground. Furthermore, most
developed nations do not have a dedicated team or bureau that is in charge of
physically distributing aid; they apportion taxpayers' money to established organizations
like IMF or UN and these intermediaries then use the resources that they pool to work
with poor countries. At the end of the day, it is widely understood that help is needed,
but to assume that it can easily take any other form than money is wishful thinking.

In conclusion, I am convinced that the positive impact that foreign aid has had on poor
countries is well-documented, and evidence of persisting economic depression in
certain places in the world should not be viewed as the basis to think otherwise. Giving
money is not without problems, but nevertheless, money remains the most fluid form of
help that poor countries can rely on.

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5. [Sample] Nowadays, not enough students choose science subjects in

university in many countries.
What are the reasons for this problem? What are the effects on society?
1. Today, colleges and universities are seeing progressively lower participation rates in
science programs. In this essay, I am going to outline three key reasons that underlie
this trend, which have to do with the desirability of a career as a scientist, the number of
people attending college in general and the parties influencing one's choice of major. I
will also illustrate how this trend is going to usher in sweeping changes in the kind of
programs tertiary institutions will be offering as well as the broader labor market, but
there are unlikely to be any net gains or losses.

Several factors could explain why not enough people are opting to study science in
college. First, science is becoming a less economically viable- khả năng kinh tế career
option, given the fierce competition- cạnh tranh gay gắt in this sector and the
considerable duration of formal schooling it requires. Factor in exorbitant tuition fees,
especially for science-related programs, and it is quite clear why enrollment in science
is dwindling-giảm. Second, as parents increasingly give their children greater freedom in
terms of what they want to study (not to mention the fact that many choose to not get
involved in financing their children's higher education), young people seem to want to
get into professions that have less to do with technicality and theory and more to do with
creativity and management. Finally, college participation has been on a steady
downward trajectory for years now, stemming from the democratization of knowledge
and the realization that college qualifications are not the only route to upward mobility
nor the one that offers the most security, and this inevitably affects enrollment in not
only science but also all majors.

The most immediate outcome of fewer people studying science is fewer scientists, but
this does not necessarily translate into less scientific progress. At the moment, steady
inroads: tiến triển, tiến bộ are being made in various scientific disciplines: lĩnh vực khoa
học cụ thể and the pace does not seem to show signs of slowing down. The fact that
productivity is still somehow maintained could be attributed to the fact that technologies,
particularly Al, have amplified scientists' output and allowed more to be achieved with
less manpower-lực lượng lao động. In other words, humanity is at a point where it is still
able to advance its sciences without having to use a large supply of scientists. As for
schools, universities will still play an important role in research and development, and it
is difficult to imagine funding being diverted from academia as a result of science
becoming a less in-demand major. Universities will, however, need to recalibrate: điều
chỉnh lại the programs that they offer, most likely in the form of adding non-science
degrees, to cater to: phục vụ cho changing tastes among students.

In conclusion, not a lot of people are signing up for science programs anymore because
a career in this field is no longer as attractive as it once was, and this fits into the bigger

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picture of slowing college attendance in general. This is unlikely to affect scientific

advancements, though it will most certainly alter the selections of courses at universities
and colleges.

Có 3 trường phái lập luận chính:

- classical: định nghĩa vấn đề -> giải pháp tự xuất hiện
- toulmin: dùng dẫn chứng sát thực
- rogerian: cân nhắc 2 mặt đối lập của một vấn đề
Thiên hướng của mình là classical. Mình sẽ minh hoạ bằng đề IELTS Writing Task 2
sau.
PROMPT:
"Nowadays, not enough students choose science subjects in university in many
countries."
QUESTIONS:
"What are the reasons for this problem? What are the effects on society?"
Mình sẽ công nhận prompt là đúng (đây không phải là bài opinion hay discussion nên
không cãi là prompt bị sai). Tiếp theo, mình sẽ định nghĩa các cụm từ key trong bài –
cách hiểu về các cụm từ này sẽ quyết định bài đi về đâu.
“not enough students”? = không đủ học sinh là sao? Well, for starters, có thể có các
kịch bản như sau:
- số lượng học sinh ngành này đang giảm
- giữ nguyên
- không tăng nhanh như cần thiết.
Mặc dù ‘đủ/ không đủ’ là một tiêu chí mà khó có thể xác thực – đầu tiên ta cần biết là
nhu cầu của khoa học là gì -> suy ra số lượng X nhà khoa học cần thiết -> suy ngược
lại số học sinh Y đang và sẽ học khoa học và chứng minh là số Y này không đủ để tạo
ra số X. Để viết bài được dễ hiểu và tập trung, mình sẽ CHỌN hiểu theo nghĩa ‘not
enough’ -> ‘not (as) many’.
CÂU HỎI 1: Tại sao ít người học khoa học hơn?
Đầu tiên, cần phải định nghĩa yếu tố/ cá nhân nào ảnh hưởng tới quyết định ai học
ngành gì? Có 3 thứ (và thường là nên có ít nhất 3 khía cạnh mới đủ bao quát một vấn
đề) mà mình nghĩ khá nhiều người sẽ đồng ý là: tính cách, thu nhập sau này và ý
kiến phụ huynh. Mình phân tích 3 thứ này như sau:
- Tính cách: các bạn đang ở độ tuổi học đại học bây giờ có sự thay đổi về tính cách
nào đủ lớn để khiến các bạn không phù hợp/ không mong muốn học science nữa
không? (mình nghĩ là không, với cả cái này khó lập luận, nên mình bỏ qua)
- Sự nghiệp: Học khoa học có lâu/ tốn tiền không? (Chắc có)/ Ngành khoa học có
cạnh tranh không? (Chắc có)/ Học lâu và tốn tiền mà công việc sau này khó kiếm
hoặc thu nhập không cao như trước thì có đáng không? (Chắc không) -> mình
chọn ý này vì có vẻ dễ hiểu + dễ viết
- Bố mẹ/ gia đình: bố mẹ còn push con học science không? Ngày xưa thì có, nhưng
giờ bố mẹ để con tự chọn nên quyết định thế nào là do các bạn. Xu hướng này cũng dễ
đồng tình, vì số lượng bố mẹ khuyến khích con học science thường nằm tập trung ở
châu Á, mà chính bố mẹ châu Á giờ cũng không kiểm soát/ định đoạt con học gì nữa
rồi. Nói cách khác, ngành science mất đi từ chính nguồn khách hàng chắc ăn nhất.

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CÂU HỎI 2: Ảnh hưởng là gì?

Ít người học khoa học -> ít nhà khoa học.
Thì sao?
Số nhà khoa học x Năng suất nghiên cứu = Tiến bộ khoa học.
Số nhà khoa học giảm đi thì tiến bộ khoa học giảm đi. Nhưng nhìn xung quanh thấy có
vẻ khoa học vẫn tiến bộ, vậy nếu vẫn giữ nguyên giả định số lượng scientists giảm đi/
sẽ giảm đi là đúng, chứng tỏ năng suất nghiên cứu đã tăng lên.
Tại sao?
Thường câu chuyện năng suất tăng lên có thể dùng công nghệ để lý giải khá dễ dàng.
Ví dụ: các nhà khoa học bây giờ đẩy nhanh được quá trình nghiên cứu nhờ vào AI.

Đó là câu chuyện đầu ra (học khoa học xong -> nhà khoa học). Còn đầu vào, số người
học khoa học ít hơn -> ảnh hưởng tới demand cho chương trình học khoa học tại đại
học. Vậy khi các trường thấy demand cho một sản phẩm giảm đi, khả năng cao họ sẽ
cung cấp sản phẩm khác (a.k.a. ngành học khác) để bán. Cái này nhìn bề nổi thì chẳng
thấy ảnh hưởng gì.
Tuy nhiên, demand cho ngành khoa học giảm đi thì liệu funding cho ngành khoa học
của các trường có giảm đi không? Khả năng cao cũng là không, vì trong con mắt của
chính phủ thì khoa học nó vẫn quan trọng.
Túm lại là nếu chúng ta “tạm đồng ý” rằng các assumptions trên là đúng (‘tạm đồng ý’ là
công nhận nó cho tới khi đưa ra được bằng chứng chứng minh điều ngược lại), thì việc
ít người học khoa học hơn có vẻ không có ảnh hưởng gì đáng kể lên những khía cạnh
của xã hội trực tiếp chịu ảnh hưởng của số lượng người học khoa học (thị trường lao
động của khoa học + đơn vị cung cấp sản phẩm đào tạo nhà khoa học).
So far, mình cũng chỉ dùng các nguyên lý đơn giản của cung & cầu để suy luận thôi. Nó
có thể đúng hoặc không đúng so với thực tế, nhưng mà phần logic mình thấy khá là
chặt chẽ, mà miễn là logic chặt chẽ thì có lý do hợp lệ để một bài văn tồn tại.

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2. [Draft 2] It is true that there is a lack of students majoring in science-related fields.

This could be attributed to a number of factors, and it could affect humans’ quality of life
and the economy of a country.

There are two main contributors to the shift away from science subjects among
students. In developed nations, science has already been prioritized over decades,
which has produced an abundance of people working in the science field. This surplus
renders this domain fiercely competitive, discouraging students from choosing to study
it. On the other hand, in underdeveloped and developing nations, it is wiser for
governments to invest in the tourism industry, which yields immediate results. The
proliferation of lucrative jobs created to cater for increasing demands for tourist activities
has attracted a large proportion of young people in these countries, which explains the
dearth of students in science majors.

The lack of students studying science subjects may not pose any imminent drawback,
but in the long run, it could have a stultifying effect on the economy of a nation and
human health. Research has shown that productivity can only be improved if
innovations are made, or new technologies are invented. It naturally follows that the
corollary of the dearth of science majors would perhaps hinder the economic progress
of the society. Furthermore, humans are still suffering from countless health problems
that are presently incurable and we can only hope that scientific breakthroughs can be
made to solve them. The further away from science education would prolong the
suffering of ill people and increase the number of deaths resulting from those heal
issues.

In conclusion, the tendency among young people to choose other areas of knowledge
rather than science can be ascribed to the high level of competition within the field in
developed countries and more attractive job opportunities in developing countries. This
development is deeply troubling as it would fail to enhance people’s well-being and
stultify economic growth in the long run.

Phrases for Human Health Impact:

● Implications for public health
● Effects on healthcare advancements
● Consequences for medical research and treatment
● Ramifications for addressing health challenges
● Impact on the development of medical breakthroughs

Phrases for Economic Impact:

● Potential repercussions on the economy
● Long-term effects on economic prosperity
● Implications for national economic development
● Economic ramifications of declining interest in science
● Impact on technological innovation and economic growth

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Phrases for Factors Contributing to the Decline:
● Shift away from science subjects
● Decline in interest towards scientific disciplines
● Decreased inclination towards STEM fields
● Factors deterring students from pursuing science majors
● Influences steering students away from scientific studies
Vocabularies for Lack of Students in Science:
● Shortage of students pursuing science-related disciplines
● Scarcity of individuals opting for STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and
Mathematics) fields
● Diminished enrollment in scientific majors
● Insufficient interest in science education

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6. [Sample] Do you agree or disagree with the statement that the government
should invest more money in science education rather than other subjects to
develop the country?

1. Establishing an appropriate national framework of education curriculums is of

paramount importance to the development of the country. It is often believed that
science subjects should attract more investment than other disciplines. However, I
strongly disagree with this belief, because there are many subjects that are equally or
even more important than science.

I contend that language education plays no lesser role in developing a nation than
science does. While science education is meant for scientists, language education may
help a nation to develop a strong labor force in almost every field. This is because
thanks to language education, students have access to a wealth of knowledge written in
other languages, and may become future experts in a variety of areas.

History is also more significant than science studies. I believe in this because history
may instill a sense of patriotism in all students, and as a result they will be more willing
to contribute to the country in the future. In sharp contrast to this, many developing
nations have witnessed a vast number of scientists who choose to migrate to more
developed nations for better living and working conditions. If the history subject had
been prioritized, this brain-drain phenomenon would not have occurred because they
would have felt more compelled to remain in their homeland and contribute to society.

Finally, I would argue that the significance of management and economics far
outweighs that of science studies. In today's world, it is a common practice that one
country purchases one another's technology and inventions. Therefore, the national
advantages that derive from the advances of science are not as significant as they once
were before globalization. By contrast, nowadays, there is an urgent need for
management experts and economists who are the driving force behind economic and
societal development. It is these people, not scientists, who deserve the prioritization in
education investment.

From the issues outlined above, one may conclude that the government should not
grant any financial privileges to science education.
VOCAB HIGHLIGHTS
- curriculum (n): chương trình giảng dạy
- to be of paramount importance (collocation): rất quan trọng
- attract more investment (collocation): thu hút vốn đầu tư
- a strong labour force (collocation): lực lượng lao động mạnh
- a wealth of knowledge (collocation): một trữ lượng kiến thức khổng lồ
- a sense of patriotism (collocation): lòng yêu nước

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2. [Mine] Historically, scientific breakthroughs have been at the core of the development
of society. Many argue that in order to perpetuate this progress, governments ought to
focus more resources on teaching science in schools. In this essay, I will argue that
additional investments in science education would be futile, and that there exist other
academic fields where this funding would be of better use.

People who advocate for the idea of allocating more public funds to science courses
may argue that this governmental support could be used to cover the costs of new
laboratories and equipment. By making these facilities more accessible to students,
educators hope to kindle an interest in science among students and encourage them to
become scientists in the future. However, I believe this argument is flawed; there is no
guarantee that students would grow fonder of science if more efforts were put into
teaching it. This is because academic pursuits are influenced to a great extent by
aptitudes and preferences, and not everybody is suited to study science.

Furthermore, an extra supply of scientists in the future does not necessarily benefit all
societies. In fact, people who conduct scientific research would be of little value in
developing nations where hunger and poverty are more pressing matters at hand.
These social ills are arguably better addressed by experts in management and
economics. Therefore, it seems more apt to dedicate public funds to these academic
domains instead of science.

While technological advancements can result in improved productivity in other sectors

and bolster economic growth, they are not achieved only by having more people
studying science. As technology transfer is made possible thanks to globalization,
nations can purchase the latest innovations from others. For example, Vietnam has
adopted Israeli farming methods to increase crop yields and farming efficiency. It was
able to gain access to advanced agricultural technologies without having to increase
spending on teaching science in schools.

In conclusion, little benefit would accrue to a country from extra subsidies for science
education. I firmly believe that taxpayers' money would be better expended on social
subjects as well as direct investments in science.
[Science Education]
VOCAB HIGHLIGHTS
- perpetuate (v): tiếp nối, duy trì
- futile (adj): vô ích, không có tác dụng
- cover the costs of something: trang trải cho chi phí của cái gì đấy
- pressing matters: các vấn đề cấp bách
- bolster economic growth: thúc đẩy phát triển kinh tế
- subsidy: tiền viện trợ của chính phủ

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3. There is an opinion that the government should heavily subsidize science education
to foster faster development rather than other subjects. I believe that this capital
allocation is only fruitful in underdeveloped and developing countries because what
developed countries need to advance is beyond the purview of science.

Admittedly, the efficacy of directing additional funding toward science education in

developing nations lies in its potential to cultivate a skilled workforce capable of
integrating advanced technologies into various sectors. This is because if schools have
the financial support to have laboratories with modern equipment and organize scientific
competitions, more students may feel interested in and choose to study science
subjects. Perhaps, an influx of skilled workers who can adopt certain existing advanced
technologies to improve the productivity of different sectors will allow those countries to
advance economically. This can be seen in developing countries like Vietnam, where
the adoption of modern technologies in various fields has resulted in unprecedented
levels of economic growth. This feat would not have been achieved without increased
state subsidies for science education since the early 1990s.

In contrast to less economically advantaged nations, which primarily aim to adopt

existing technologies, developed countries prioritize nurturing creativity among students,
encouraging a broader range of subjects to stimulate innovation. This forces schools to
provide children with a range of different subjects to boost their creativity levels. This
can be seen in Finland, where children are allowed to choose subjects based on their
interest and are encouraged to take singing and painting lessons. As a result, this
country has been one of a few countries in the world that consistently boasts the most
scientific breakthroughs and innovations. Had this country allotted more financial
resources to science education, it would have succumbed to the dearth of creativity,
grinding its economy to a halt.

In conclusion, while it is justifiable for underdeveloped and developing countries to

direct more capital to science education, providing more funds for other creative
subjects is a wiser course of action for developed countries.

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7. [Sample] Some people think that developing countries need financial help from
international organizations. Others think that it is practical aid and advice that is
needed. Discuss these views and give your own opinion.
1. The support of the international community is of paramount importance to the development of
the less- developed part of the world. In the view of some people, funded support is
indispensable. However, I contend that international funds are needless, while technical
assistance is evidently a more effective way of helping developing countries.

Advocates of granting developing countries financial help may argue that this form of support is
essential for the construction of infrastructure, a task that often requires a substantial amount of
investment. From my perspective, this argument is flawed, because of one single fact.
Developing countries, as a norm, have to sacrifice many of their national interests to be eligible
for international funding. A clear illustration of this is that the Vietnamese government had to
remove a quota on Japanese cars in exchange for the Japanese government's decision to
provide funding for two major agricultural projects in the Red River Delta. As there are many
other methods of calling for investment, such as using the build-operate-transfer model of
project financing, which do not often require countries to forego their interests, I argue that
international financial support is unnecessary.

I am firmly convinced that non-financial assistance from the international community has a
pivotal role to play in the developing world. This is because sustainable development
necessitates the building of a strong workforce and the acquisition of technology, all of which
cannot be provided solely by financial help. In reality, many forms of technical assistance have
been offered to developing countries, including knowledge sharing and technology transfer.
There are many success stories of less-developed nations receiving this type of support, as can
be seen in the classic case of basmati rice production in Indonesia. In the late 1990s, a group of
Indian plant geneticists and agricultural specialists was deployed in Indonesia to share their
expertise with and to transfer the mass-production technology of this breed of rice to their
Indonesian counterparts. The enormous and long-lasting success of the basmati rice industry in
Indonesia in the next two decades has proven that international technical support is essential for
lower-income countries to develop sustainably.

From the issues outlined above, one may conclude it is practical assistance, not financial
support, that is crucial for developing nations to thrive in the long term. I predict that practical aid
and advice will be at the core of international support in the future.
VOCAB HIGHLIGHTS
- Advocate (n): người ủng hộ
- Infrastructure (n): cơ sở hạ tầng
- Sacrifice something for something else (collocation): hy sinh 1 thứ vì 1 thứ khác
- Forego (v): từ bỏ
- Sustainable (a): bền vững
- Mass-production (n): sản xuất hàng loạt

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2. People hold different views about whether funded support for developing countries
should be perpetuated. In this essay, I will look at how financial aid can benefit these
countries in the short term before demonstrating that their sustainable development
requires more practical forms of support.

Advocates of lending financial assistance to developing countries may argue that the
funding could be allocated to infrastructures. The construction of public amenities such
as schools and hospitals can be financed with budgetary support, which may make
education and healthcare accessible to citizens. These public projects would also create
jobs and, by extension, an income for many people, which encourages spending and
bolsters economic growth. For example, the donations from various global organizations
in the last century helped South Korea's government to deliver the basics to the people
and strengthen the economy. It is now financially capable of extending support to the
neighboring states. This is a testament to the powerful effects of funded support to a
developing nation.

However, I believe non-financial assistance would benefit such countries more in terms
of long-term development. It is simply unfeasible to sustain funding for a prolonged
period of time, and ultimately the government has to bear the responsibility of improving
its citizens' life quality. Therefore, it would be better if international organizations sent
experts in management to provide training for government workers. The insight gained
from the consultations with these specialists would enable them to better address the
social problems that persist in their own country. For instance, advice on creating jobs
would help leaders of an impoverished country combat unemployment and poverty.

Another reason in favor of more practical forms of aid is that funded support might be
misappropriated. In poverty-stricken regions where corruption is rampant, there is a high
chance that government officials would embezzle(steal or misappropriate) the funding for
personal gains. In this case, it would be wiser to send aid workers to directly help the
people in need. For example, instead of funding schools, the United Nations should
deploy teachers in remote areas of developing countries to provide education for young
children. Such a support would not be misused by the government and is more likely to
be utilized to the benefit of the citizens.

In conclusion, although financial support may still be offered to developing countries, I

believe international organizations should put an emphasis on giving advice and
practical aid to their governments going forward.

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8. [Sample] Some people think international car-free days are an effective way of
reducing air pollution, others think there are some other ways. Discuss both
views and give your own opinion.
1. The ubiquity of cars is often considered as a major culprit of air quality degradation in
many countries. To combat atmospheric pollution, many suggest that car-free days
should be held internationally. However, I contend that these events may achieve
extremely little success, and there are more effective methods to preserve the
atmosphere.

Advocates of organizing global car-free days may argue that the absence of cars
promotes the use of public transport and the activities of cycling and walking, which all
contribute considerably to the reduction of traffic emissions. This argument, from my
perspective, is flawed, because of two facts. The first is that a few days without cars out
of 365 days of the year may help cut down as little as one percent of the annual amount
of traffic fumes, so the statement that this short-term reduction is significant is a mere
exaggeration. The second is that this solution does not limit the massive amount of air
contaminants being released from industrial zones. It is therefore a one-sided approach
and evidently not an effective way to address the problem of air pollution.

There are, in my opinion, better measures to minimize air pollution. One of them is
constructing dedicated lanes for public means of transport. These lanes guarantee that
public transport is relatively faster than individual vehicles in rush hours, which may
encourage a vast majority of commuters to eschew personal vehicles in favor of mass
transit. The implication is that motor vehicle use may be reduced throughout the year,
which exerts a longer-lasting impact on minimizing traffic fumes than international car
free days may do. Another measure is levying a tax on carbon usage in all areas,
including transport and industrial production. This measure has been adopted in several
countries including the United Kingdom and has proven its effectiveness as a holistic
approach to curtail emissions in all fields.

All the existing data has laid a concrete foundation that the organization of world car
free days may produce little effect on protecting the atmosphere. Other solutions,
namely building designated lanes for public vehicles and taxing all industries on carbon
usage, produce more sustainable effects on a larger scale.
VOCAB HIGHLIGHTS
- Ubiquity (n): sự có mặt ở tất cả mọi nơi
- Culprit (n): thủ phạm. Theo nghĩa trong bài này là nguyên nhân.
- Traffic emissions, traffic fumes (n): khí thải giao thông

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- Dedicated, designated (a): dành riêng

- Mass transit (n): hệ thống giao thông công cộng
- Curtail (v): đặt giới hạn cho cái gì đó

2. As soaring private vehicle ownership and emissions the world over exacerbates the
already deteriorating air quality, many suggest that countries should ban cars from
circulating on certain days of the year. In this essay, I will demonstrate that such a
policy is futile and that there exist more viable solutions to alleviate air pollution.

The chief argument in favor of car-free days is that they could contribute to a significant
reduction in car emissions, which is one of the chief causes of pollution. In addition, by
forcing citizens to resort to alternatives like mass transit on these days, governments
may expect to foster an appreciation for and promote the use of eco-friendly modes of
transport, which may reinforce the decrease in the amount of exhaust gas released.
However, I believe car-free days are unlikely to produce the desired effects in many
countries where driving cars is not the norm. For example, in much of Vietnam, scooters
remain the vehicle of choice, and thus a ban on automobiles for a few days would have
but a negligible effect on the overall level of carbon dioxide emission.

In my view, there are more viable solutions to the issue of air pollution. To curtail motor
vehicle emissions, states could levy a higher tax on automobile imports to discourage
people from buying cars. Such a tax has witnessed tremendous success in Singapore,
where exorbitant imported car prices have incentivized commuters to use the sky train
system, resulting in a cleaner atmosphere in the city. Because industrial activities are
also to blame for pollution, another measure could be to introduce more stringent
regulations regarding the discharge of toxic fumes of manufacturing firms. For example,
a cap on steel plants' carbon emissions would deter steel companies from making
profits at the expense of the environment.

In conclusion, it is my belief that car-free days would offer little benefit, and taxing car
importers as well as curbing industrial gas discharge would more effectively address the
underlying causes of pollution.
[Cars & pollution]
VOCAB HIGHLIGHTS
- Deteriorating air quality: chất lượng không khí đang xấu dần (thay cho 'ô nhiễm không
khí)
- Futile (adj): không có tác dụng
- Be the norm: là thông lệ
- Have a negligible effect on something: có ảnh hưởng không đáng kể tới cái gì đó
- Incentivize (v): khuyến khích
- Stringent regulation (n): sự kiểm soát khắt khe
- Curb (v): hãm lại

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9. [Sample] It is better for college students to live in schools than live at home
with their parents. Do you agree or disagree?
As young adults enter college, they are presented with the choice of boarding at school
or living with their parents. This essay is going to argue that student accommodation is
the optimal choice for undergraduates. This point will be illustrated by looking at how
living at home is simply unfeasible for most students, and the benefits accruing from
staying in a dormitory.

Today, very few students attend a local college or university, thus the idea of them
staying at home during school term is implausible. This is particularly valid in developing
nations, where most colleges are concentrated in urban centers. Daily commutes would
be difficult for those who live in rural areas or even suburban residents. To these
students, on- campus housing is obviously the more sensible option. For example, in
Vietnam, rural citizens tend to move to the city for college and share a dorm room
instead of commuting from their residences.

The choice of living at school is reinforced by the fact that it fosters personal growth in
ways not otherwise possible with living at home. For instance, when boarding at a
dormitory, students with discrepant preferences would learn to make compromises. This
is not necessary if they live with their parents who are generally more accommodating.
In addition, living away from home also teaches students to be more independent,
because they must manage their personal finances as well as taking care of their own
nutritional needs. In fact, Americans who lived in fraternity houses during college have
reported that they became more self-reliant as a result of having to budget and cook for
themselves.

In conclusion, I strongly believe that it makes more sense for college students to live on
campus, for the reasons provided above.
[College Accommodation]
Useful Vocabulary:
- Board (v): ở trọ
- When I was studying stateside, I boarded with a native family.
- Benefits accrue from ...: lợi ích có được từ ...
- Implausible: không khả thi
- Sensible: hợp lý
- Foster personal growth: thúc đẩy phát triển cá nhân
- Make compromises: nhượng bộ/ thỏa hiệp
- Accommodating: thuận theo/ chiều ý người khác

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- Budget (v): lập kế hoạch chi tiêu thông

- Dedicated, designated (a): dành riêng
- Mass transit (n): hệ thống giao thông công cộng
- Curtail (v): đặt giới hạn cho cái gì đó

10. [Sample] Some people think that governments should ban dangerous sports,
while others think people should have freedom to do any sports or activity.
Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
1. It is commonly believed that extreme sports should be strictly prohibited due to the
huge number of risks involved. In this essay, I am going to demonstrate that risk factors
are present in all sports before suggesting that people should have the right to play any
sports they want.

Advocates of banning certain sports may argue that their inherently dangerous nature
may threaten lives. As extreme conditions are a prerequisite for these sports, risks like
equipment failure render players more vulnerable than in other sports. For example,
skydivers who freefall from enormous altitudes seem more prone to injuries or even
death than players of ordinary sports. However, in reality, all physical activities carry a
certain degree of risks, and it is difficult to judge which one is more hazardous than the
other. For instance, acute pains like ankle sprains are prevalent in football or basketball
as a result of intense practice drills and frequent matches, but it is unlikely that these
sports will be banned given their popularity. Besides, people must undergo rigorous
tests to ensure they are physically and mentally conditioned before participating in
dangerous sports. Therefore, concerns over the safety of extreme athletes are quite
irrelevant.

I believe that people should have the autonomy to play any sports they want, regardless
of their danger. This is because they can already decide for themselves whether to take
part in a number of dangerous non-sport activities. For example, those who reach the
legal drinking age are free to purchase alcohol, the excessive consumption of which
may have fatal consequences. If personal freedom is championed with regard to things
like alcohol, it is argued that it should be extended to sporting pursuits as well.
Instead of an outright ban on extreme sports, I believe there are ways to mitigate the
risks attached with them. Sports associations could impose an age limit for extreme
athletes in order to ensure only people who are fully developed physically are allowed to
participate. Another solution is to bar players from practicing or competing without the
necessary protective gear. These measures would strike a happy medium without
invading people's personal freedom.
In conclusion, I believe people are entitled to play dangerous sports if they want, and
certain restrictions in lieu of a ban would help ease the safety concerns.
[Extreme Sports]
VOCAB HIGHLIGHTS
- prerequisite: điều kiện bắt buộc
- hazardous: nguy hiểm

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- have the autonomy to: có quyền quyết định làm gì

- fatal consequences: hậu quả chết người
- bar somebody from doing something: cấm/ ngăn ai không làm gì

2. The media commonly provide a barrage of news about dangerous sports, because
the deaths and injuries associated with them often make for spectacular headlines. As a
result, some people have argued that all extreme sports should be banned, however, I
would argue that such a policy would be out of all proportion to the real risks involved.

Those in favor of prohibiting people from taking part in dangerous sports tend to focus
on the risk element. Even when individuals may be physically and mentally prepared to
participate in extreme sports activities, and even when they have all the right gear, the
dangers are ever-present. To take an example, few sports are as challenging and
fraught with danger as BASE jumping. Participants hurl themselves off cliffs, and few
escape without suffering severe bruising or acute abdominal pains which normally last
for several days. In addition, although sports equipment rarely malfunctions, this may
still happen and the consequences may be fatal. The supporters of legislation to ban
dangerous sports argue that such tragic outcomes not only affect the individual victims,
but also leave mental scars which their families then have to live with for the rest of their
lives.

However, I support the view of those who contend that participation in extreme sports
must be a matter of personal choice. Firstly, overcoming physical challenges may be a
springboard for positive personal transformation. It may make a person stronger and
more determined, and the experience may be a life- changing one. Secondly, the rigors
of preparation in order to go mountain-climbing, white-water rafting or other such
extremely strenuous activities demand that an individual is in the peak of health and
physical condition. Finally, there is an ethical aspect which dictates that a person should
have the freedom to pursue the challenges which they set themselves, even though this
may involve a level of risk which others might find unacceptable.

In conclusion, while acknowledging the real risks, I would defend the right of any
individual to take part in the extreme sport of their choice.
[Extreme Sports]
VOCAB HIGHLIGHTS
- To be out of all proportion to (collocation): quá mạnh một cách không cần thiết để xử lý một
việc
- Gear: bộ trang thiết bị khi chơi một môn thể thao
- Malfunction (v) gặp trục trặc khi hoạt động
- Tragic outcome (collocation): hậu quả tồi tệ
- Mental scars (collocation): ảnh hưởng lâu dài về tâm lý
- To be a springboard for something (collocation): đạo điều kiện cho cái gì đó diễn ra
- Strenuous (a): tốn rất nhiều công sức và sự cố gắng

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11. [Sample] Many people think modern communication technology is having

some negative effects on social relationships. Do you agree or disagree?

1. It is argued that technological advancements in the field of communication have

adversely affected one's personal and professional relationships. Personally, I strongly
disagree with this view.

As new ways of communicating with one another, such as mobile phones and social
networks, are introduced, some fear that people might become socially isolated. Their
rationale is that these technologies, which promote communication in virtual reality,
have marginalized physical interaction and thus may potentially fracture concrete
relationships. However, this claim is largely exaggerated. In reality, virtual interaction
augments social relationships rather than undermines them. For example, most
Facebook users talk to friends and colleagues both through the social network and in
person. The extra features that Facebook provides like instant messaging and video
calling do not substitute for having a conversation in real life, but merely help us stay
connected over long distances.

I am convinced there is further evidence to suggest that innovations in communication

exist not to the detriment of social relationships, but rather to their benefit. Not only do
they address the question of distance as demonstrated above, these tools also help us
to expand our social circles. For instance, online food forums connect people who share
a passion for culinary arts, while photo- sharing applications like Instagram can bring
together a group of individuals who have the same taste in fashion. These examples are
a testament to how technology establishes communities and promotes interaction
among people.

In conclusion, there are sufficient grounds to reject the view that social relationships
might be jeopardized by the advent of advanced communication technologies. It is my
genuine belief that as technology improves going forward, so will people's social
experience.
[Communication Technology]
Useful Vocabulary:
- technological advancements: các tiến bộ về công nghệ
- socially isolated: cách ly với xã hội
- marginalize: làm giảm tầm quan trọng/ làm lép vế (giống undermine)

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- to the detriment of: có hại cho ai/ cái gì (opp. = to the benefit of)
- to be a testament to: là minh chứng cho
going forward: trong tương lai

2.The impacts of digital communication on human relationships have long been a

heated topic of controversy. From my perspective, modern means of communication
may sabotage one's relationships with other people.

The most typical example of today's communication technology is the mobile phone.
Originally designed to provide people with instant access to telecommunication, the
mobile phone has become indispensable for most people in modern society. Nowadays,
various features such as built-in cameras and interactive mobile games have been
added to the mobile phone, making it multifunctional and thus even more popular.
However, I believe the omnipresence of mobile phones in particular, or digital
communication gadgets in general, often interfere with the precious bonding time that
people share together and thus have a negative influence on interpersonal
relationships. There is compelling evidence for my belief.

If people use mobile phones for work purposes, business calls may disrupt any ongoing
real-life conversations. This is the case of millions of working people who may have
overlooked the importance of having smooth and undisrupted conversations with other
people. Most of them are unaware that relationships are at risk of eroding when people
spend less quality time with each other.If people use mobile phones to play games, the
constant urge to complete game missions may disengage them from social gatherings.
This is the case of millions of teenagers who have sacrificed real-life socializing time for
mobile game playing time. In the long term, this would without doubt make friends drift
apart. If people use mobile phones for virtual social networks, notifications and
messages from these sites may prevent them from having any intimate talks with their
loved ones. This is the case of millions of couples who find it hard to maintain a sense
of intimacy. There are real examples of couples on the verge of breaking up because
one or both partners have grown overly attached to social network applications on
mobile phones. And if people use mobile phones for all of the aforementioned purposes,
which is the case for a majority of phone users, they would have to pay constant
attention to the phone, potentially isolating those in their company. In this way, mobile
phones may dull real-life interactions and destroy countless relationships as a result.

In brief, the constant distraction that modern communication devices such as mobile
phones afford people is the victim of the breakdown of numerous social relationships.
[Communication Technology]
Useful Vocabulary:

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- Sabotage (v): phá hủy

- Indispensable (a): vô cùng quan trọng, không thể thiếu
- Omnipresence (n): sự tồn tại ở mọi lúc, mọi nơi
- To interfere with (collocation): can thiệp, quấy rối, làm gián đoạn
- Undisrupted (a): không bị gián đoạn, can thiệp
- To sacrifice something for something (collocation): hy sinh một thứ vì một thứ
khác

12. The best way to solve the world's environmental problems is to increase the
cost of fuel. Do you agree or disagree and give your own opinion.

1. Addressing environmental problems have been of paramount importance to the

sustainable development of society. While acquiescing in the view that raising the price
of fuel may help combat the problem of global warming, I contend that this policy is far
from being the best remedy to ameliorate the deterioration of the environment in
general.

I concede that making fuel more expensive is a way to slow down the increase in the
overall temperature of the atmosphere. This policy may discourage both individuals and
businesses from overconsuming fuel, thus diminishing the amount of traffic and
industrial emissions, which constitute a considerable source of greenhouse gasses such
as carbon dioxide and CFCs. Because these gasses trap heat in the atmosphere and
cause global warming to occur, I agree that increasing fuel price is a sensible measure
to adopt.

I would, on the other hand, argue that the aforementioned measure must not be
considered a holistic approach to environmental problems. This is because it has little
effect on various environmental degradation issues apart from global warming, namely
deforestation, overhunting and overfishing. From my perspective, environmental
problems can be better resolved by taking the following two actions. The first is mass-
producing domestic and industrial equipment using environmentally-friendly technology,
including solar cells and electric motor engines, which produce no carbon emissions.
The second is imposing stringent laws on natural resources conservation and recovery,
which may help mitigate a wide range of environmental problems, such as the depletion
of biological resources.

In conclusion, while acknowledging the environmental benefits of pushing up the cost of

fuel, I would claim that this is not the best way to ease the problem of environmental
deterioration. There are more effective solutions to address environmental problems at
large, such as applying green technology to the mass production of various kinds of
equipment for both household and industrial use.
[Energy Prices]
VOCAB HIGHLIGHTS

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- Discourage somebody from doing something (collocation): ngăn cản, làm nản lòng ai
làm việc gì đó
- Domestic and industrial equipment (collocation): trang thiết bị gia đình và công nghiệp
- Impose a law on something (collocation): đưa ra luật mới về vấn đề gì đó
- Natural resources conservation and recovery (collocation): việc bảo tồn và phục hồi tài
nguyên thiên nhiên
- The depletion of resources: sự cạn kiệt tài nguyên

2. Fuel consumption has been established as one of the key contributors to rising
environmental pollution. Because of this, some people argue that raising energy prices
would be an effective way to protect the environment. In this essay, I am going to argue
that such a policy is futile because it does not address the underlying causes of
pollution and other measures are needed.

Advocates of increasing fuel costs may argue that in doing so governments may
discourage citizens from using personal vehicles, thereby reducing fuel consumption
and making the environment cleaner. Consumers, especially in developing countries,
are generally price-conscious, and thus the exorbitant fuel prices may gear them
towards cheaper and more eco-friendly modes of transport like walking or mass transit.
However, such reasoning is flawed, because car exhausts are only one of the many
causes of pollution. Factories' discharge of effluents contaminates water sources, and
deforestation is the main culprit behind land degradation. Adjusting energy prices would
have little or no impact on these phenomena, and therefore the view that higher costs of
fuel can effectively solve global environmental problems should be rejected.

Instead of intervening in the energy market, governments should adopt more viable
solutions to curb environmental pollution. First of all, stricter punishments must be
administered on individuals and companies who do harm to the environment. Prison
sentences may be given to people participating in illegal logging, and factories must be
fined for releasing excessive toxic gasses into the atmosphere. These steps ought to be
carried out in tandem with educating the public about the poor state of the environment.
Once people are conscious of the detrimental impacts that they have on the air quality
or the water sources, they would be galvanized into action and start to actively protect
the environment.

In conclusion, I would contend that a scheme to raise fuel costs may not bring about the
desired effect, and therefore other steps to mitigate environmental issues should be
considered.

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13. Some people think that developing countries need financial help from
international organizations. Others think that it is practical aid and advice that is
needed. Discuss these views and give your own opinion.

People hold different views about whether funded support for developing countries
should be perpetuated. In this essay, I will look at how financial aid can benefit these
countries in the short term before demonstrating that their sustainable development
requires more practical forms of support.

Advocates of lending financial assistance to developing countries may argue that the
funding could be allocated to infrastructures. The construction of public amenities such
as schools and hospitals can be financed with budgetary support, which may make
education and healthcare accessible to citizens. These public projects would also create
jobs and, by extension, an income for many people, which encourages spending and
bolsters economic growth. For example, the donations from various global organizations
in the last century helped South Korea's government to deliver the basics to the people
and strengthen the economy. It is now financially capable of extending support to the
neighboring states. This is a testament to the powerful effects of funded support to a
developing nation.

However, I believe non-financial assistance would benefit such countries more in terms
of long-term development. It is simply unfeasible to sustain funding for a prolonged
period of time, and ultimately the government has to bear the responsibility of improving
its citizens' life quality. Therefore, it would be better if international organizations sent
experts in management to provide training for government workers. The insight gained
from the consultations with these specialists would enable them to better address the
social problems that persist in their own country. For instance, advice on creating jobs
would help leaders of an impoverished country combat unemployment and poverty.

Another reason in favor of more practical forms of aid is that funded support might be
misappropriated. In poverty-stricken regions where corruption is rampant, there is a high
chance that government officials would embezzle the funding for personal gains. In this
case, it would be wiser to send aid workers to directly help the people in need. For
example, instead of funding schools, the United Nations should deploy teachers in
remote areas of developing countries to provide education for young children. Such a

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support would not be misused by the government and is more likely to be utilized to the
benefit of the citizens.

In conclusion, although financial support may still be offered to developing countries, I

believe international organizations should put an emphasis on giving advice and
practical aid to their governments going forward.

14. Scientists believe that computers will become more intelligent than human
beings. Some people find it is a positive trend while others think it is a negative
development. Discuss both points and give your own opinion.
1. Opinions are divided on whether the fact that human intelligence will be surpassed by
that of computers is beneficial or harmful. Although highly intelligent computers can
assist humans in many ways, I am apprehensive about this development.
Admittedly, many people champion the assistance of super advanced computers, and
justifiably so. This is because these machines could greatly improve productivity as they
could eliminate human involvement in the course of production and work tirelessly 24/7.
However, only employers seem to benefit from this, while countless jobs would be
terminated, penalizing the most vulnerable section of the human population. In addition,
although computers with the ability to think critically and logically could help humans
make objectively sound decisions, this would create over-dependence, which would in
turn have a stultifying effect on human intelligence.
Furthermore, with its intelligence, robots may start to make their own decisions, posing
an existential threat to humankind. For example, robots, with a certain set of beliefs and
moral codes inserted, might decide a group of people or a religion should be
eradicated for the greater good of the human race. From a logical standpoint, humans
are, in essence, destroying the environment for the sake of economic growth, so it is
reasonable to worry that a robot might decide that the best course of action is to wipe
out human existence to protect the environment. These risks are too big for anyone to
take, rendering the brought forth development unwelcome.
In conclusion, robotic engineering and Al technologies can surely enhance people's
quality of life, but the disadvantages of job losses, increased intellectual dependency on
computers and potential existential threats posed to our own race can negate the
aforementioned benefits.
[Vocabularies input]
1.Opinions are divided on whether the fact that…
2.highly intelligent computers
3.eliminate human involvement
4.work tirelessly 24/7
5.countless jobs would be terminated
6.penalizing the most vulnerable section of the human population
7.over-dependence

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8.stultifying effect on human intelligence
9.Existential threat to humankind
10.a certain set of beliefs and moral codes inserted
11.eradicated for the greater good
12.the best course of action
13.rendering the brought forth development unwelcome
14. I am apprehensive about this development

2. Opinions are divided on the impact of the increased intelligence of computers. I

believe that this development can pose significant threats to mankind.
The scenario where computers become smarter than humans is already on the horizon,
and a number of benefits can certainly be predicted. Chief of these is that humans’
overall productivity will increase substantially, liberating a lot of people. For example, AI
caregivers will allow parents to work without having to sacrifice (tradeoff) their career for
childcare and chores. Similarly, old people can be taken care of with relatively low costs
if robots are intelligent enough to cater for those people’s needs. Most importantly,
dangerous jobs like mining, or seafaring will require little to no human involvement. In
addition, it is even projected that robots’ productivity will be so high that there will be
enough capital to provide free education, and health care and that poverty and
starvation will be alleviated.
However, if computers are smarter than their users, most people will lose their jobs. It
has been predicted that a large proportion of human drivers will have been replaced by
robots by 2035. Even those working in creative industries such as music and video
production are also at risk of losing their jobs since there are already machines that can
compose songs that are almost indistinguishable from those of human artists. Thus,
given that there will not be much that should be done by humans, our race will almost
definitely evolve into helpless, purposeless, physically, and mentally lazy creatures. To
make matters worse, if robots were smart enough to make decisions for themselves,
presumably, this would pose an existential threat to humankind. These problems negate
any of the possible benefits mentioned above.
In conclusion, while there are certainly reasons to be excited about the introduction of
artificial intelligence, I share that the reservations of people who dread find this
development dreadful.
Notes:
1. Opinions are divided on the impact of the increased intelligence of computers.
2. pose significant threats to mankind.
3. on the horizon
4. liberating a lot of people

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5. AI caregivers
6. relatively low costs
7. dangerous jobs like mining, or seafaring
8. free education and health care
9. poverty and starvation will be alleviated
10. most people will lose their jobs
11. a large proportion of human drivers will have been replaced by robots
12. machines that can compose songs that are almost indistinguishable from those of human
artists
13. our race will almost definitely evolve into helpless, purposeless, physically, and mentally
lazy creatures
14. existential threat to humankind
15. negate any of the possible benefits mentioned above
16. reasons to be excited about the introduction of artificial intelligence
17. dreadful development
15. Is it now possible for scientists and tourists to travel to remote natural
environments, such as the South Pole? Do the advantages of this development
outweigh the disadvantages?

Given the availability of modern means of transport such as planes and cruise ships,
and refrigeration technologies, traveling to isolated parts of the world is no longer an
impossible task. I believe that this possibility benefits both tourists and scientists.

Exploring far-flung natural places can be beneficial to travelers. No matter how many
tourist attractions there are in the world, a number of globe-trotters still crave novelty, for
example in the form of new activities of untouched destinations. By traveling to an island
that is unknown to the vast majority of people, for instance, travelers may have a
chance to participate in exotic religious practices of indigenous people, feast their eyes
on rarely seen plants and animals and try new food and experience a whole new way of
life. Although it is true that such a trip could be potentially dangerous, for example in the
form of climatic differences, animal attacks or conflicts with local people, these risks can
be reduced by careful preparation.

Scientists can also benefit from visiting untouched parts of the world. Regardless of how
much we already know about the world, there is still much that is unknown in the world
of science and visiting such places could give scientists answers to many existing and
future problems. We can see this in the way novel viruses break out every once in a
while, and how global warming is affecting lives and habitats of elusive animals living in
heavily wooded areas and deep under the sea. Granted, it is reasonable to worry about
the potential harm done to these animals and their habitats by these trips, but with
pertinent regulations in place, the authorities can eliminate such a possibility.

In conclusion, visiting remote areas of the world can impart otherwise unachievable
lessons and experience to tourists and people in the scientific world.

1. Vocabularies for Traveling:

• Journeys to isolated regions
• Expedition to remote locales

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• Voyages to uncharted territories
• Trekking to distant landscapes
• Exploring secluded natural environments
2. Phrases for Potential Harm:
• Mitigating risks through meticulous planning
• Safeguarding against environmental degradation
• Implementing stringent regulations to protect wildlife habitats
• Minimizing disturbances to indigenous communities
• Balancing exploration with conservation efforts

16. Nowadays celebrities earn more money than politicians. What are the reasons for
this? Is it positive or negative development?

Our fascination for extraordinary talents or behaviors has yet to wane

(becoming less strong, powerful, popular). Talented singers, musicians, and sportsmen
often have a large fanbase, which can be monetized (change something into money of
equal value). Politicians can also have a large following due to their influence on normal
people’s lives, but they are strictly forbidden from making money off of their followers.
This explains why famous people’s earnings can be significantly more than those of
high-ranking government officials. I believe that this development is unwelcome.

At the root of the income disparity between celebrities and politicians is the nature of
their jobs. The former cohort(a group of people who support a particular person, usually a
leader) focus almost entirely on satisfying their fans and the better they do this, the more
money they receive. As such, they enjoy an untrammeled (not limited by rules or any other
controlling influence) stream of income from their main profession, and mostly from
endorsing certain products on their platforms. For example, Christiano Ronaldo
changes 2 million dollars for an endorsement post on his Facebook account, which has
tens of millions of followers. Renowned politicians like Barrack Obama also have
millions of followers, but people would be appalled(having strong feelings of shock or
disapproval) if he started selling merchandise on his Twitter account.

This yearning chasm between famous people and politicians in terms of earnings may
have an indelible negative impact on society. It promotes the idea that politics is not
worth pursuing, given the already prevalent market thinking that money governs
everything. To illustrate, even though a senator has the power to bring forth laws
affecting millions of people, he or she still lives on meager income, which only allows an
austere lifestyle. By contrast, a fitness influencer can still make millions of dollars yearly,
drive fancy cars, and lead a luxurious lifestyle. This may lead to a dearth in people
pursuing a career in politics and people starting to admire the arguably genteel(typical of
a high social class) values offered by celebrities. While the former consequence can

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cause the government to be less effective, the latter will exacerbate materialism(the
belief that having money and possessions is the most important thing in life).

In conclusion, what lies at the core of the huge difference between famous individuals
and politicians is the social stigmatization imposed on the latter regarding their riches
and the way they make money. This phenomenon may attenuate(make something less or
weaker) people’s interest in having a career in politics and could lead to social problems.

17. Scientists predict in the near future cars will be driven by computers, not people.
Why? Do you think it is a positive or negative development?

With many breakthroughs in the field of artificial intelligence, the scenario where cars
can drive themselves is no longer something out of a science-fiction novel. I believe that
this is a positive development overall, and the following essay will explain why.

There are an array of factors leading scientists to believe that self-driving cars will soon
come into reality. Firstly, a range of similar AI technologies such as robot vacuums,
automatic sprinklers, and autopilot modes in planes are already introduced, and
infrastructure facilitating the use of driverless cars is already underway in major cities
such as Los Angeles and New York. More importantly, leading AI technology
companies in the US have already received the government go-ahead, as seen in
recent tax cuts for this sector. Finally, ride-hailing companies like Uber have announced
that by 2025 they will have had a half of their cars replaced by autonomous ones.

Although driverless cars may terminate a large number of driving jobs, such
technological devices will benefit humans, the environment as well as society as a
whole. On an environmental level, self-driving cars tend to run on clean energy such as
solar power, so the replacement of fossil-based vehicles, which release a large amount
of greenhouse gasses into the air, would curb air pollution. Furthermore, it is true that
most people choose to live in city centers so that they do not have to drive a long
distance to their workplace or school. Therefore, the introduction of self-driving cars
would allow them to reside in suburban areas because they could catch up on their
sleep or relax in their cars. This would reduce real estate prices, which confers
substantial benefits for individuals, and also alleviate the housing problem in urban
areas.

In conclusion, the advent of autonomous cars would be greatly beneficial, on personal,

environmental, and societal levels. Granted, it would cause job losses, but the

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government could provide drivers who lost their job with unemployment benefits for
opportunities to reinvent themselves, for example in the form of vocational courses.

18. Nowadays, because of digital technology, it is possible for not only studios
but also individuals to produce their own films.
Do you think this is a positive or negative development?

It is true that technological advances in the film industry have made it possible for
individuals to make their own films. I believe that this trend is a very positive one, as its
reasons will be presented now.

Firstly, we need to factor in the viewing option that this trend offers viewers. When
making films was a reserve for only film companies, film-lovers were restricted to
several films on TV and had to go to the cinema to indulge their hobby. Nowadays, the
proliferation of sitcoms, short films and parodies made by amateur film producers on
social media sites like Facebook and Youtube means that anyone with an internet
connection can watch as much as they wish. This also opens up new possibilities for
young people who opt for a career in acting, as only few of those with exceptional acting
skills could hope to make it in this career path only a decade ago.

To add further credence to my assertion, I note the fact that being allowed to make their
own films, film creators now can express their creativity and ideas without limits and
being artistically judged by so-called professionals. As arts are purely subjective, this
will be a step forward in the film-making industry. This can be seen in the way many
creative young movie producers, such as 1977 Vlog, or WongFu production posted their
short films on Youtube and became famous, even though their works are
unconventional and would be ridiculed based off of the standards that are still applied in
the film industry.

In conclusion, the fact that individuals can now produce their own films is a welcome
development as it benefits binge-watchers, movie creators and the growth of the movie
industry as a whole.

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19. The international community should take action immediately to ensure that all
countries reduce the consumption of fossil fuels, such as gas and oil. To what
extent do you agree or disagree?

It is argued that the international community must take immediate steps to ensure that
all nations reduce their reliance on fossil fuels like gas and oil. While many advocate for
urgent global action to cut down on fossil fuel consumption, I hold a different view.

Firstly, we need to consider the futility of reducing fossil fuel consumption in the name of
environmental protection. Of course, one might argue that such a measure could force
some individuals to switch from private vehicles to public transportation. According to
this theory, this would result in reduced fuel consumption and lower levels of toxic gases
being released into the air. However, the amount of greenhouse gases emitted by
personal vehicles is negligible compared to that of industrial plants or even agricultural
emissions. To add further credence to my assertion, I note the root cause of most
serious environmental issues: our energy-hungry lifestyles. The accelerated depletion of
natural resources used to produce electricity and power machines can be attributed to
humanity’s insatiable thirst for energy. By the very same token, global warming and
pollution, arguably the two most severe environmental problems, are direct
consequences of excessive energy consumption. Therefore, the key to solving the
world’s environmental problems is not reducing the use of fossil fuels, but rather to find
alternative sources of energy such as solar, wind, and tidal power, all of which are
unlimited and largely underdeveloped.

Secondly, immediately reducing the use of fossil fuel will have detrimental effects on the
economies of many nations. Many countries, particularly in developing nations, rely
heavily on fossil fuels for energy and economic growth. Abruptly reducing their
consumption of fossil fuel could lead to severe economic disruptions, including job

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losses and decreased economic stability. A prime example for this justification is
Nigeria, a country that depends heavily on oil exports for its national revenue, would
face significant financial challenges if the global demand for fossil fuels suddenly
decreased. Moreover, abrupt changes in energy policy could deter foreign investment,
as businesses seek more stable environments for their operations. When energy
policies shift suddenly, businesses may face uncertainty regarding future energy costs,
making investors hesitant to commit to long term projects or expansions in some
countries.

In conclusion, while the intention behind reducing fossil fuel use is commendable, I
believe that this is not a viable solution to alleviate environmental issues or address
economic concerns. Instead, gradually transitioning to renewable energy would be more
effective and sustainable, addressing both environmental and economic challenges in a
balanced manner.

Task Achievement:
The essay effectively addresses the prompt and provides a clear position on the issue.
The writer acknowledges the arguments in favor of reducing fossil fuel consumption but
presents a different perspective. The essay is well-organized and presents
comprehensive explanations to support the writer's viewpoint.
Score: 8
Coherence and Cohesion:
The essay demonstrates good coherence and cohesion. Each paragraph is well-
structured and focused on a specific aspect of the argument. The ideas are logically
connected, and the transition between paragraphs is smooth. However, there are a few
instances where the essay could benefit from stronger linking words and phrases.
Score: 7
Lexical Resource:
The essay demonstrates a good range of vocabulary, and the writer effectively uses
academic and topic-specific language. The use of synonyms and varied expressions
enhances the overall quality of the essay. There are also instances of precise word
choice and idiomatic language, contributing to the lexical resource.
Score: 8
Grammatical Range and Accuracy:
The essay displays a high level of grammatical accuracy with only minor errors. The
writer effectively uses a variety of sentence structures and demonstrates a good control
of grammar and punctuation. However, there are a few instances where the use of
complex structures could further enhance the essay's sophistication.
Overall Score:
8 (8 + 7 + 8 + 8 = 31, 31/4 = 7.75)

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20. [Sample] Some people believe that everyone has a right to have access to
university education and that governments should make it free for all students no
matter what financial background they have. To what extent do you agree or
disagree?

As tuition fees have been inexorably increasing in recent years, the affordability of
higher education has always been a topic of interest. It is argued that the government
should abolish college tuition fees, irrespective of students’ socioeconomic background.
While this thinking is valid to a certain extent, I believe that waiving tuition would have
an adverse bearing on both students and society.

There are many compelling reasons why students should be allowed to pursue college
without fee. On the individual level, bachelor’s degree holders, especially the
underprivileged, will stand a better chance of landing higher-paid jobs and bettering
their quality of life. On the societal level, a surge in the gross enrollment rate, prompted
by a free-college policy, would give rise to a more educated workforce. This acts as a
precursor to not only a thriving economy but also a civilized society.

Despite the aforementioned benefits, I would contend that the provision of free-of-
charge higher education is, in fact, can do both the beneficiaries and society a
disservice. The impact of more college graduates on employment is questionable at
best. The job market has become very competitive as it is, even for job seekers with
college qualifications. Therefore, if everyone is entitled to university, it is no longer
feasible for them to find a job, let alone the financial abundance previously so often
associated with the acquisition of a tertiary degree. In addition to this, the enormous
cost incurred to cover higher education tuition will put a strain on government coffers,
leading to budget deficits, tax hikes, or reduced welfare among others.

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In conclusion, while the potential benefits of university tuition waivers makes it seem like
a good idea, I believe that the government should not make it free for everyone.

21. Many people believe that all fathers should be entitled to time off from work
when their children are born. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

In light of recent changes in workplace policies, a question arises on whether male

workers should have the right to paternity leave. I wholeheartedly agree with this
viewpoint.

I strongly believe that men taking time off work to take care of their newborns is a step
towards gender equality. At the present, female workers worldwide are eligible for an
average of 14 weeks of paid maternity leave while the benefits for their male
counterparts are non-existent. It goes without saying that staff should be treated without
discrimination, so fathers should have the same benefits. This certain policy could also
create a ripple effect where children would grow up without unconscious gender bias as
parents share a more equal distribution of responsibilities.

Regarding businesses, changes in this direction can lead to their profits as well.
According to surveys, male employees who can spend time with their newborns
experience more fulfillment. In return, this group is reported to have a more positive
attitude at work, more motivation, and more appreciation for their employers. Moreover,
it is highly probable that they will give their careers a longevity boost. For this reason,
companies should invest in their staff members so as to increase productivity and
reduce turnover.

I stand firm that it is pivotal for parents of all genders to receive family leaves on the
ground that it is constructive for both employees and employers. Such a paradigm shift

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is not insurmountable as can be seen at Silicon Valley. Evidently, Mark Zuckerberg, the
CEO of Zuckerberg, took a two-month parental leave and his chief officers set the same
example as well. In my opinion, the next task to tackle is to normalize the practice so
more workers would seize the opportunity.

22. In some countries, many children are becoming overweight and unhealthy.
Some people say it is the responsibility of governments to solve this problem.

In many parts of the world, a large number of children are becoming obese and unfit.
Given this, there are those who believe that the onus to solve this problem is on the
state. I personally think that governments, parents and schools should all play a part in
the effort to help children avoid such problems.

Of course, the state should be held responsible for the rising rates of childhood obesity
and the decline in children's health. This is because most governments have little to no
regulation over the consumption of harmful food items such as junk food and sugary
drinks, and these products have been scientifically proven to cause obesity. For
example, the government in Vietnam even gave tax cuts to companies that sell fast
food, leading to a surge in obesity among children in this country. Furthermore, large
open public spaces such as parks and squares, where children often engage in physical
activities, are being replaced by high-rise apartments and other developments. This
happens due in large part to government policies or insufficient oversight.

Although the role that governments play in reducing childhood obesity is undeniable,
parents and schools should also shoulder this responsibility. Regarding the former, they
are the ones deciding what food their children consume and what activities they
participate in. Therefore, if parents feed their children healthier food options and
encourage them to partake in sports and outdoor activities, we can expect to see a
decline in the rate of children who are overweight and unhealthy. As for schools, they
can also organize more extra curricular activities that encourage children to be

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physically active and educate them about the dangers of leading a sedentary lifestyle
and eating unhealthy foods such as fast food and sugar-packed beverages.

In conclusion, for the reasons mentioned above, all stakeholders, including the
government, parents and schools, should be responsible for addressing the obesity
epidemic among children.

23. Some people say it is more important to plant trees in the open spaces in
towns and cities than to build more housing. To what extent do you agree or
disagree?

There are those who believe that it is of greater importance to grow trees in unoccupied
spaces in towns and cities instead of constructing more houses. I believe that the
decision should depend on the special circumstances of each area.

In places that are not too densely populated, it is better to plant more trees. This is
because trees can absorb air pollutants, thereby improving air quality. This can help
people avoid a range of respiratory problems such as pneumonia and asthma.
Furthermore, trees can also absorb heat, meaning that towns and cities with lots of
trees are usually cooler in the summer. This encourages people to engage in outdoor
activities more often, and thus can improve their fitness and ultimately help them avoid
certain health problems such as obesity and cardiovascular diseases.

However, in cases of cities and towns that are already crowded and perhaps faced with
rapid population growth, it is wiser to dedicate unused land to housing projects to
address overcrowding and accommodate such an increase in population. This can be
seen in the case of Ho Chi Minh city, whose population has been spiking and shows no
sign of slowing down. As a result, housing shortages and soaring property prices are
such a serious problem for this city, creating a range of other social issues such as
crime. Therefore, planting trees, despite conferring various health benefits, should

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always be considered secondary to erecting more residential areas to address problems

caused by lack of housing.

In conclusion, planting trees and building more housing projects are important in their
own ways. Thus, it is important to consider the special needs of each area to decide
whether one option should be prioritized over the other. (286 words)

24. [Sample] Space travel has been possible for some time, and some people
believe that space tourism could be developed in the future. Do you think it is a
positive or negative development?

Among all the achievements that veritably defined humanity in the twentieth century,
few were as enthusiastically embraced and celebrated as those from space missions.
This warm reception by the public has led some to hold an optimistic view that in a not-
so-distant future, space travel could even go beyond mere scientific purposes , and
allow ordinary individuals to quench their thirst for space exploration. From my
perspective, while there are certain disadvantages related to the future launch of
tourism-oriented spaceships, the benefits that come with it are far more considerable.
On the one hand, the potential development of space tourism can spark justifiable
environmental and safety concerns among its detractors. First, given how alarming
anthropogenic global warming and climate change have been over the past decades,
the growth of commercial space trips will highly likely make the status worse. This is
due to an undeniable fact that spacecrafts are energy-intensive vehicles, which means
their operation requires a large volume of such fossil fuels as diesel and natural gas,
and leave substantial planet-heating emissions behind. This would eventually
compound the unprecedented increase in the earth’s temperatures and take a heavy
environmental toll on Earth’s inhabitants, as evidenced by the rising intensity and
frequency of natural disasters triggered by climate change in recent years.
Environmental impacts aside, the commercialization of space travel can render safety-
conscious travelers wary. No matter how cutting-edge space technology and

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engineering have been, there is always a risk of mechanical breakdown throughout the
journey, putting tourists’ lives in peril. Furthermore, space travelers may expose
themselves to sudden changes in temperatures and pressures, which may be fatal to
even the fittest and strongest passengers.
However, I am convinced that the aforementioned drawbacks of commercialized space
journeys pale in comparison with their far more significant advantages. Chief among
these is the financial gain from pleasure space trips due for the most part to the added
interest in this novelty type of travel. In particular, the growing popularity of space
tourism may encourage more and more adventurous travelers to spend on extravagant
tickets, and in turn, propel the growth of various supporting sectors, such as energy,
metallurgy, and aviation, and the resultant tax revenue for governments and economic
prosperity for countries. This would, in turn, allow for more cash injection into space
missions, paving the way for technological innovations that have far-reaching
applications. For example, with the introduction of Nasa’s Apollo program which
successfully landed humans on the moon has led to life-changing technological
breakthroughs such as satellite communication, which plays a pivotal role in hydro-
meteorological forecasting and the operation of the global positioning system.
Moreover, the more frequent voyages in space, even by ordinary tourists, can open the
door to the discovery of extraterrestrial life and inhabitable celestial bodies, which can
be of the essence in light of the exponential growth of global population and the severe
land shortage on earth. Passion for science among young future generations, as a
result, would also be further fueled by the space travel fever. Last but not least, as the
successes of space tourism are often the fruit of international cooperation, the
development of such a field could unite nations, which may be different ideologically
and politically, under the banner of a collective good for mankind.
In conclusion, although the exploration of the universe as a form of tourism may have
an adverse bearing on the global climate and raise concern over tourists’ well-being, I
am of the opinion that this is a positive trend overall given the lucrative economic
returns, ground-breaking technological advancement, as well as the solution to land
scarcity and the sense of unity and solidarity among nations associated with it.
Task Achievement: The essay addresses the question prompt and presents a clear position on the
development of space tourism. The writer discusses both the advantages and disadvantages of space
tourism and provides thorough explanations for each. The essay demonstrates a good understanding of
the topic and effectively presents relevant arguments to support the writer's viewpoint.
Score: 8
Coherence and Cohesion: The essay is well-organized and structured, with clear introduction, body, and
conclusion. The writer uses a range of cohesive devices and linking words to connect ideas and ensure a
smooth flow of information. The progression of ideas is logical and easy to follow, and there is a good
balance between paragraphs.
Score: 7
Lexical Resource: The essay exhibits a wide range of vocabulary and uses academic and formal
language appropriately. There are also some impressive lexical choices and expressions that enhance
the overall quality of writing. The writer effectively incorporates specialized terminology related to space
travel and presents ideas in a clear and coherent manner.
Score: 8
Grammatical Range and Accuracy: The essay demonstrates a high level of grammatical control, with
minor errors that do not impede overall understanding. Sentence structures are varied and complex, and

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there is a good range of grammar tenses and structures used accurately. The writing is largely free from
grammatical mistakes and inaccuracies.
Score: 9
Overall Score: (8 + 7 + 8 + 9) / 4 = 8

25. Some scientists believe that studying the behavior of 3-year-old children can
predict their criminality. To what extent do you think a crime is a product of
human nature, or is it possible to stop children from growing up to be criminals?

The nature versus nurture debate is an old one, with renewed interest in how each
factor affects one’s criminality. Some psychoanalysts and behaviorists argue that a
child’s behavior is a good predictor of his or her criminality. While there is indeed a
strong case to be made for this argument, I believe that it is entirely possible to prevent
a child from growing up to be a criminal.

Admittedly, one’s nature does contribute significantly to one’s criminality level. For
example, due to genes or a chemical imbalance in their brain, some small children, who
are arguably not affected much by environmental factors, show very low levels of
empathy. Thus, they hurt small animals or other children without any remorse. Evidence
shows that these children could be much more likely to commit crime than ‘normal’ kids
if left unchecked. In fact, criminologists have found that a large proportion of violent
offenders and murderers have displayed such psychopathic behaviors when they were
very young.

Nevertheless, one’s nurture can help suppress one’s criminality. To illustrate this,
psychopathic behaviors could be regulated with effective parenting, education and
appropriate intervention for example in the form of therapy. Parents and teachers are

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encouraged to praise positive actions by young children diagnosed with psychopathic

traits to incentivize them to do good. At the same time, by talking to therapists, these
children could understand more about their proclivity for malevolence and avoid
committing acts that might hurt other people. Therefore, it is reasonable to say that
children’s education, at home, at school, and in society at large, can reduce the
likelihood of them becoming criminals.

In conclusion, although one’s nature obviously contributes to one’s criminality level, it is

possible to help children to grow up to be normal members of society.

26. For school children, their teachers have more influence on their intelligence
and social development than their parents. To what extent do you agree or
disagree?

Opinions are divided on the influence of teachers and parents on the intellectual and
social development of school-aged children. In my opinion, the impact of teachers and
parents varies depending on the child’s age, as their respective roles shift during
different stages of a child’s development.

During the early years, parents are the primary influencers on a child’s intellectual and
social development. They introduce their children to language, stimulate curiosity, and
build essential cognitive skills through play and daily interactions. Furthermore, they
instill values in their children, shape their behavioral patterns, and lay the foundation for
their interpersonal skills. For instance, parents who model empathy, kindness, and
effective communication can positively impact their children’s ability to form healthy
relationships with their peers.

As children progress to primary and secondary school, the influence of teachers

becomes more pronounced. As children advance through the education system, the
complexity of their academic pursuits increases, and parents might not possess the
necessary knowledge or skills to provide in-depth assistance. In contrast, teachers are

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trained professionals who are well-equipped to handle the intricacies of various subjects
and guide students accordingly. As for teachers’ impact on children’s social
development, teachers facilitate student-student, and teacher-student interactions
through group activities, and give instructions on how to navigate these social
situations, thus having a more direct influence on their social development.

In conclusion, the extent to which teachers and parents influence a child’s intellectual
and social development depends on the child’s developmental stages. During the early
years, parents play a more significant role, while teachers become increasingly more
influential as children progress through different levels of education.

27. [Sample] Some people think that the increasing use of computers and mobile
phones for communications has a negative effect on young people’s reading and
writing skills. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

The increasing reliance on technological devices such as computers and mobile phones
to communicate is thought by some to have a negative impact on young people’s
reading and writing abilities. I personally also hold this view.

Firstly, the frequent use of computers and smartphones for communication purposes
can indeed negatively influence young individuals’ reading skills. This is because what
they read on these devices is often in bite-sized snippets, affecting their ability to stay
focused for a longer period of time. It goes to show that this can lead to
miscomprehension when it comes to longer texts. To make the matter worse,
notifications pushed to their phones from social media platforms can distract them when
they try to read, further affecting their reading comprehension process.

Besides the detrimental effects of the use of those gadgets on young people’s reading
skills, their ability to write can also be worsened. This is due to the rise in informal
language used in online interactions, characterized by the use of slang, abbreviations,
and emojis. Also, they might not adhere strictly to grammar and punctuation rules for

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the sake of convenience in communicating, and relying on functions such as text

predictions and auto correction on computers and smartphones can lead them to make
spelling mistakes. Such colloquial language, and grammar mistakes are much less
acceptable in more formal contexts, such as academic essays, business proposals, and
professional correspondence.

In conclusion, today’s young generations are becoming more reliant on computers and
mobile phones to socialize, and this can indeed preclude the development of their
literacy skills.

28. Some young people like to copy the behavior and clothes of famous people
today.
Why might this be the case?
What problems can it cause?

The desire of many young individuals to emulate the behavior and dress sense of
celebrities is a phenomenon which has become increasingly commonplace in modern
day society. This essay will discuss the main motivations behind this, as well as the
potential issues that can arise as a result.

One of the main reasons for young people to copy the behavior and clothes of famous
people is that it provides them with a sense of belonging and identity. For many,
celebrity culture has become a central part of their lives, with celebrities providing an
aspirational model of what it takes to be ‘cool’, popular or successful. This has clearly
been amplified by the rise of social media, which has enabled young people to receive
constant updates and insights into the lifestyles of their idols. Consequently, by
emulating their role models, young people can gain a sense of status and acceptance
amongst their peers.

However, while this might appear to be harmless on the surface, there are several

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underlying issues which can arise. Firstly, it can lead to young people forming a false
understanding of what it takes to be successful, as the reality of celebrity lifestyle is
often far removed from what is presented via the media. Furthermore, it can also put
unnecessary financial pressure on families, as young people may feel compelled to
purchase expensive clothing or other items in order to keep up with the latest trends.

In conclusion, it is clear that there are numerous factors behind young people’s desire to
copy the behavior and clothes of famous people, but this can also lead to various
problems.

29. Some people think that social networking sites have a huge negative impact
on both individuals and society.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?

The advent of social media sites has radically changed the way people interact. There is
an opinion that the use of these sites can adversely affect both users and society at
large, and I also hold this view.

Social media users’ mental health is severely affected. This is because there is a sea of
pictures of people showing off their appearance, successes and large purchases on
social networking platforms. Constant exposure to such information fosters a sense of
inadequacy and envy among these sites’ uses, giving rise to widespread unhappiness.

Furthermore, those harboring such negative feelings might naturally want to rectify their
situations by doing the same things that render them unhappy like bragging about their
new shoes or smartphones, creating a vicious cycle. Consequently, society will become
increasingly more materialistic, undermining crucial spiritual values.

It also has to be acknowledged that the algorithm of social media is now able to figure
out what people like and dislike and what they are likely to engage with. As a result,

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users are often wrapped in a social media bubble where they are only exposed to
people with similar opinions. This arguably leads to bigotry and loss of critical thinking,
both of which can, by extension, combine to stultify the development of society.

In conclusion, social networking sites are gaining in popularity all over the world.
However, the use of these sites can have a pernicious impact on individuals’ mental
health and spirituality, and hinder the development of society.

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30. Some people think that it is important to spend a lot of money on family
celebrations (e.g. weddings, birthdays). But some people say that expensive
celebrations are a waste of money. Discuss both views and give your opinion?

There are those who believe that it is sensible to spend a significant amount of money
on family celebrations such as weddings and birthdays. However, others are of the
opinion that spending excessively on these occasions is unnecessary. There is indeed a
strong case to be made for both sides of the debate, which will be discussed now.

Those allowing large sums of money for family celebrations tend to do so in order to
mark an important milestone in their lives and wish to create unforgettable memories.
They often argue that money, after all, is simply one of the means for us to make our
lives more meaningful, and such occasions as weddings and birthdays are of great
personal importance and worth spending money on. Otherwise, when they get older,
they may have no memorable moments to look back to and consequently regret being
too frugal.

However, many others hold the belief that expensive family events are simply wasteful.
For instance, some couples hold their weddings at fancy ballrooms, with high-end wine
and exotic cuisine served along with live music performed by famous musicians and

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sophisticated lighting systems. They are willing to pay tens of thousands of dollars for
such a wedding that they will never forget, which appears to be a waste of money for a
large number of people.

Personally, I would say that whether expensive family celebrations are necessary or not
should depend on the individuals’ financial situations. If one is struggling to make ends
meet, for example, then throwing an extravagant birthday party is arguably unwise.
However, it makes perfect sense for a wealthy couple to spend lots of money on their
wedding to celebrate such a once in a lifetime event.

31. Individual greed and selfishness has been the basis of modern society. Some
people think that we must return to the older and more traditional values of
respect for the family and the local community in order to create a better world to
live in.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Recently, with the rise in individualism, individual greed has also become the basis of
our society, causing a number of complex problems. This raises the question of whether
we should all return to certain values past generations held dear such as respect for the
family and society, and I believe that we should.

In a society underpinned by selfishness, there is usually an ulterior motive behind even

the most seemingly altruistic actions. For example, millions of people lost their lives to
COVID 19, and any attempt to find a vaccine for this virus is indeed laudable given how
many lives can be saved. However, many scientists and researchers actually saw this
as an opportunity to make a fortune or make a name for themselves rather than trying to
save lives. Individual greed also widens the gap between rich and poor, causing
insecurities of social status, emotional instability and even resentment.

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By contrast, it is in human nature to band together for survival purposes in the past, so
individual greed is by no means a sound basis for any society. What glues members of
a society, it seems, is their mutual respect for its meaningful values such as familial and
societal conventions. Our society, for instance, would be better if we all strived to uphold
our promises to our marriage partners, say, by avoiding infidelity rather than satisfying
our own selfish sexual desires. It would also be a better place if we all worked and
studied diligently to eradicate problems befalling our fellow human beings rather than
solely trying to achieve our personal gains.

In conclusion, we should all readopt more traditional and collective values rather than
championing individual greed.

32. Some people think that schools should reward students who show the best
academic results, while others believe that it is more important to reward
students who show improvements. Discuss bold views and give your opinion.

While some people maintain that only elite students should be rewarded, others think
otherwise, saying that it is even more important to reward those who have made
progress. These views are not mutually exclusive and make tremendous sense in their
own rights, so they should be adopted simultaneously.

Granted, one might argue that only students with outstanding academic performances
should receive rewards. This is predicated on the assumption that these students have
worked more diligently, and justifiably earned the rewards. This reward scheme, so the
argument goes, can also encourage other students to exert themselves more to win the
rewards, hence overall academic gains across the board. It is also true that this winner-
take-all kind of competition exists in all aspects of life, so schools should expose young
people to this reality to best equip them for the real world.

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However, supporters of giving rewards to those who show signs of improvement justify
their position by citing the potential stultifying effects on slower students that the winner-
take-all reward scheme might have. They say that instead of feeling motivated to work
harder, slower students might simply feel that they can never surpass those outstanding
individuals and lose the incentive to study. Furthermore, placing more emphasis on
improvement is arguably healthier than the competitive spirit to win against all others.
This is because the latter relies entirely on external factors, as seen in how top students
often feel complacent after winning certain rewards, while the constant desire to
improve themselves can remove this sense of complacency and works in everyone’s
case regardless of how well they are doing academically.

In conclusion, while there are justifications to exclusively reward students who achieve
the best academic results or those who show improvements. However, I am convinced
that both initiatives are useful in their own ways and should be both adopted.

33. Some people think that the detailed description of crimes on newspapers and
TV has bad consequences, so this kind of information should be restricted in the
media.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?

It is sometimes said that the vivid nature of crime stories on TV and newspapers can be
harmful, so restrictions should be placed on such information. While acknowledging the
reasons for this thinking, I believe that it should not be adopted.

Of course, one might argue that news stories giving descriptive details about certain
crimes can foster a sense of insecurity among the general public. To illustrate, news
reports about murder cases might entail detailed descriptions of how the victim was
tortured before being killed in cold blood and how the murderer planned such abhorrent
acts. Such news can be extremely traumatic and cause viewers to feel increasingly
unsafe, underpinning the idea of placing restrictions on the media.

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However, prohibiting the media from broadcasting crime stories would be counter-
productive. The reason for this is that this information allows the public to be aware of
and preemptively avoid such problems. For example, those who read about how a girl
was robbed and stabbed when walking in a dark alley might err on the side of caution
and avoid walking alone in similar places, lowering her likelihood of being victimized.
Therefore, restricting the media from reporting such stories might cause people to lose
sight of reality, consequently falling victim to crimes.

In conclusion, although news reports about crimes can breed a sense of insecurity, they
are still beneficial in terms of informing the public about existing problems in their
communities. Therefore, restricting the media from reporting such news can do more
harm than good and should not be adopted.

34. Some scientists think that there are intelligent life forms on other planets and
messages should be sent to contact them. Other scientists think it is a bad idea
and would be dangerous. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

Opinions are divided on whether we should make attempts to communicate with

extraterrestrial beings. I believe that this decision, albeit seemingly beneficial, would
pose an existential threat to the human race and therefore should be abandoned.

Supporters of contacting potential life forms on other planets might argue that this could
bring about various benefits. For example, there are currently many problems that seem
to be insoluble such as global warming, rising sea levels and animal extinction. These
problems could eventually lead to the demise of our own race. If we could contact alien
civilizations that have successfully dealt with such problems, they could perhaps pass
on their invaluable knowledge to us, helping us avoid our extinction. Given this, it is
understandable why some scientists advocate the idea of sending messages to

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inhabitants on other planets.

However, this line of reasoning is not sound given the potential danger posed by
contacting aliens. This is because our technology is still insufficiently developed for
space exploration, as seen in our failed attempts to send manned missions to Mars. If a
civilization were capable of traveling to Earth, it naturally follows that their technology
would far exceed ours. This means that they have little to gain by working and
coexisting with humanity, except for us being their test subjects or slaves. It is also
important to note that given their superior technology, we would be rendered helpless
against their possible invasion.

In conclusion, despite the potential benefits of making contact with alien life forms, it is
my conviction that it is too dangerous to do so.

35. In some countries, parents are choosing to teach children themselves at

home instead of sending them to school. Do the advantages of homeschooling
outweigh the disadvantages?

The rise of homeschooling, where parents take on the responsibility of educating their
children at home, has sparked considerable debate. While critics point to its potential
downsides, I firmly believe that advantages of homeschooling far outweigh the
disadvantages.

Granted, one might argue that homeschooling can hinder a child’s social development.
This is predicated on the assumption that traditional schools provide unparalleled
opportunities for children to interact with peers, fostering teamwork, communication, and
social skills. However, this line of reasoning is not sound since it overlooks how
homeschooling environments can intentionally address these challenges. By

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participating in extracurricular activities, community groups, or homeschooling networks,

children can still engage in diverse social interaction. In fact, these tailored experiences
often lead to deeper and more meaningful relationships, as they focus on quality over
quantity.

To add further credence to my assertion, homeschooling empowers parents to

customize education to suit their child’s unique needs, optimizing learning outcomes.
Unlike traditional schools, which often rely on standardized curricula, homeschooling
allows for a personalized pace and style of teaching. This flexibility serves as a powerful
tool in fostering a child’s passion for learning, enabling them to delve deeper into
subjects of interest and excel academically.

Of course, I acknowledge that this form of teaching comes with challenges, such as the
significant time and effort required from parents and potential gaps in specialized
knowledge. However, these drawbacks can be mitigated by leveraging online
resources, expert tutors, and collaborative homeschooling communities. Therefore,
while homeschooling may demand greater parental involvement, the long-term benefits
it offers in tailoring education and fostering independence undeniably surpass its
limitations.

In conclusion, while homeschooling may pose certain challenges, its ability to adapt to
individual learning needs and promote comprehensive development renders it a
compelling alternative to traditional schooling.

36. In some countries, only few young people go to classical music concerts or
play classical music. Why? Should young people be encouraged to attend and
learn more?

In some nations, classical music is no longer the preferred genre among the younger
generation, with only a small number attending concerts or learning to play classical
instruments. This phenomenon can be attributed to the intrinsic characteristics of young
people and the cultural shifts that shape their preferences. However, encouraging them
to engage with classical music remains a worthwhile endeavor.

Young people are inherently drawn to trends that resonate with their energy, creativity,
and contemporary outlook on life. Modern music genres, characterized by dynamic
rhythms and relatable lyrics, align more closely with their fast-paced lifestyles and
emotional experiences. Additionally, the dominance of digital media platforms has

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amplified the visibility of pop and electronic music, further marginalizing classical music,
which is often perceived as slow and outdated to young people. As a result, attending
classical music concerts or learning to play intricate compositions may feel
disconnected from their personal interests and cultural environment.

Societal transformations have also played a role in diminishing interest in classical

music. Unlike earlier generations, where it symbolized sophistication and intellectual
depth, today’s youth gravitate toward art forms that emphasize innovation and
inclusivity. Classical music’s reputation as an exclusive or complex genre can feel
disconnected from the modern world’s emphasis on simplicity and speed, further
alienating young listeners.

Despite these challenges, introducing classical music to young people is invaluable. It

fosters qualities such as discipline, creativity, and emotional intelligence. Learning a
classical instrument, for example, sharpens focus and perseverance, while attending
performances offers a unique opportunity for reflection in an otherwise fast-paced
environment. To make classical music more appealing, it could be framed as a tool for
self-expression or as a means to explore cultural heritage, rather than a rigid tradition.

In conclusion, while the decline in young people's engagement with classical music can
be attributed to their natural inclinations and modern cultural trends, initiatives to make
classical music more accessible and relatable should be upheld. Doing so not only
preserves a valuable art form but also enriches the lives of young people in ways that
transcend musical appreciation.

37. It is important for people to take risks, both in their professional lives and
personal lives.
Do you think the advantages of taking risks outweigh the disadvantages?

It is true that we all take risks on a daily basis, with each and every decision of ours
potentially posing certain problems or opportunities. Personally, I think taking risks can
lead to success in both personal and professional lives, provided that these risks are
calculated.

There is an inherent degree of risk in any action we take. For example, we risk being hit
by a car when crossing the street, we risk losing a friend when telling the truth about his
or her bad habits, and we risk losing our jobs when voicing our opinion against our
managers or bosses.

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But we also stand to gain by taking such risks. Needless to say, we cannot reach our
desired locations without risking going outside and crossing a few streets, we cannot
gain our friends’ trust without being honest with them, and we cannot prove ourselves to
our superiors without expressing our own views.

As seen above, we cannot go about life without taking risks, and it is our job to calculate
and decide which risk to take and which to avoid. Indeed, jaywalking on a highway at
night is too dangerous, while it presents little to no risk to cross a street through a zebra
crossing when the green light for pedestrians is turned on. The same principle is also
applied to our professional lives: we have to calculate the risk involved to make the
most fruitful decisions.

In conclusion, the advantages of taking risks outweigh the disadvantages, provided that
these are calculated risks so that we can maximize return and minimize potential
issues. After all, no opportunity is risk-free.

38. The main aim of advertising is increasing sales of products people do not
really need. Do you agree or disagree?

The willingness to take risks is often hailed as a cornerstone of personal and

professional growth. While it is undeniable that venturing beyond one's comfort zone
can involve challenges and uncertainties, I believe that the advantages of taking risks
significantly outweigh the disadvantages when approached with foresight and purpose.

Granted, one might argue that taking risks can lead to failures or setbacks. This is
predicated on the idea that uncertain outcomes may result in financial losses, emotional
distress, or professional stagnation. For example, investing in a new business or
relocating to an unfamiliar city could expose individuals to unforeseen difficulties.

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However, this line of reasoning is not sound as it overlooks the fact that calculated risks
are not about reckless decisions but informed actions that pave the way for growth.
Learning from failures often equips individuals with resilience, adaptability, and a deeper
understanding of their strengths, ultimately turning challenges into valuable lessons.

To add further credence to my assertion, I note that risk-taking serves as a catalyst for
breakthroughs and opportunities. In professional contexts, those who embrace
challenges are more likely to innovate, excel, and stand out in competitive
environments. Entrepreneurs launching startups or employees proposing
unconventional ideas exemplify how risk-taking drives progress and unlocks potential
rewards. Similarly, in personal lives, taking risks—whether embarking on new
relationships or pursuing long-held dreams—fosters confidence and fulfillment. Without
such bold steps, people risk stagnation and a lack of meaningful experiences.

Of course, taking risks does entail potential downsides, such as temporary instability or
the fear of failure. Yet, these drawbacks can be mitigated through careful planning and
a balanced approach. Setting realistic expectations, conducting thorough research, and
seeking guidance can transform risks into manageable opportunities.

In conclusion, while taking risks carries inherent uncertainties, its potential to inspire
growth, innovation, and personal enrichment far outweighs its disadvantages. By
embracing risks thoughtfully, individuals not only achieve their goals but also gain
invaluable skills and insights, making the journey itself a rewarding endeavor.

39. In most successful organizations, some people believe that communication

between managers and workers is important, while other people say that other
factors are more important. Discuss and give your opinion.

It is true that the success of a business depends on various factors, chief of which is
sometimes thought to be communication between management and workers. However,
other people believe that it is other factors that determine whether a company is likely to
succeed or not. There is indeed a strong case to be made for both sides of the debate,
which will be discussed now.

It seems reasonable to say that effective communication is key to success in

businesses. For example, if managers fail to communicate their goals to workers, the

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latter, who will execute the orders, may fail to identify what these goals really are and
what courses of action should be taken to obtain them. By the very same token, when
workers fail to inform their managers about the problems they encounter, managers
may not be able to change their approaches or strategies, potentially resulting in costly
mistakes and missed opportunities.

However, it can be said that other factors are just as influential. First, a company’s
business model can effectively set it apart from their competitors. By choosing a
different customer segment, for example, a company can avoid competition and
consequently reduce marketing costs, hence an increased likelihood of profitability and,
by extension, success. Second, most thriving companies usually spend a sizable
proportion of their budget on the Research and Development department since having
the best products or providing the best service is still at the core of why a customer
chooses them instead of their competitors.

In conclusion, although effective communication between managers and workers is

indeed necessary for a company’s success, other factors are of equal significance.

40. [15/6] Ambition is a positive quality for people to have in society today. How
important is it for people who want to succeed in life? Is it a positive or negative
characteristic?

*One of the most important qualities which has received a lot of emphasis is being
ambitious.I believe that it plays a certain role in helping people to become successful in
their lives, yet it is not inherently negative or positive.

Opening: *Lauded->Ambition, the boiling desire for self-achievement and

accomplishment, is often lauded as an essential characteristic of modern
individuals. I believe that having a degree of ambition can certainly aid a person

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on their way towards success, yet its nature is highly dependent on how a person
wields it.

(Ambition can motivate people-> Ambition is a potent motivator.)

*Topic sentence:
There are some reasons that explain why ambition is highly essential and should be a
desirable quality.
->Ambition can play the role as a potent motivator that fuels resilience, stamina,
and improves the chance of accomplishments. (Tự nhiên hơn)

[Context] Có tham vọng, thì quan trọng trong thời buổi này->
Context 1: Now, many nations have covered all expenditures for their citizens, including
healthcare, insurance, and even leisure expenses.
Context 2: The race towards sustaining a person’s life has become harder due to
stagnant inflation, rising cost of living, and the competition in many aspects of
our job markets.

*As a result, without the extra push from ambition, a person could not climb their
career ladder, claim elusive opportunities, and gain enough financial resources
for their future stability. This is why the role of ambition has become more
emphasized and concentrated on in this day and age.

=> Body 1:
Cách 1: Ambition can play the role as a potent motivator that fuels resilience, stamina,
and improves the chance of accomplishments. The race towards sustaining a person’s
life has become harder due to stagnant inflation, rising cost of living, and the
competition in many aspects of our job markets. As a result, without the extra push from
ambition, a person could not climb their career ladder, claim elusive opportunities, and
gain enough financial resources for their future stability. This is why the role of ambition
has become more emphasized and concentrated on in this day and age.
Cách 2: Ambition can play the role as a potent motivator that fuels resilience, stamina,
and improves the chance of accomplishments. The desire to achieve more despite
already claiming a new perfection state has helped remarkable individuals achieve their
visions, drive technological revolutions, and alter our quality of living for the better. For
example, Elon Musk’s perseverance in the world of electric cars has fueled a novel
industry that promises to drive down environmental pollution and offers safer travel for
people.
-> Lịch sử đã có nhiều tấm gương -> History is replete with + danh từ
—------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
On the other hand, [đơn giản] - ambition that is not controlled effectively could lead
people to problems.
->[complicated] On the other hand, unchecked ambition could morph
into=metamorphose devastating issues, especially when ethical considerations
fail to direct a person towards the right.

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*[Simple] Ambition is naturally related to that trait that a person would reject
satisfaction even when their goals are achieved. Although this mindset could fuel
their motivation, it may eventually lead to a situation when they can do anything
to benefit themselves without any consideration for other people.
[quomodocunquize]
*[Complicated] Ambition is innately associated with a willingness to reject
satisfaction, which could eventually drive people towards destruction. For
instance, in the cutthroat world of finance, saving only a coin could be justified at
any cost, even when there are harms that other people must suffer.

=> Body 2: On the other hand, unchecked ambition could morph

into=metamorphose devastating issues, especially when ethical considerations
fail to direct a person towards the right. Ambition is innately associated with a
willingness to reject satisfaction, which could eventually drive people towards
destruction. For instance, in the cutthroat world of finance, saving only a coin
could be justified at any cost, even when there are harms that other people must
suffer.

41. [22/06] The older generations tend to have very traditional ideas about how
people should live, think and behave. However, some people believe that these
ideas are not helpful in preparing younger generations for modern life. To what
extent do you agree or disagree?

Adopting a highly conservative set of beliefs about the social relationships, interactions,
and behaviors is a common approach of many senior individuals. Nevertheless, some
people are of the opinion that this conventional approach to social norms could not
benefit young people, especially in this modern era. Personally, I partly/totally

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agree/disagree with this school of thought due to some major reasons that are now
presented in this essay.

[Đơn giản]There are some major drawbacks related to the proliferation of conservative
points of views which are endorsed by older people. Senior individuals often lack
knowledge about technology and the modern ways of communication, so they often
believe that their traditional ways are better. If young people followed these beliefs, they
would not cherish/embrace the use of the Internet, the fast connections of smartphones,
and the fast-paced lifestyle of other peers. As a result, young people can be left behind,
leading to social isolation.

[Phức tạp] [Cling-> rigidly] -> Cling rigidly to outdated views on aspects, such as
communications and relationships, could hinder the social development of many young
individuals. ->more naturally.The lack of understanding of technological advancements,
modern communication methods, and the recent social developments may make it
challenging for older people to endorse views that can benefit a much younger
generation. Following the trends of limiting communications and valuing intimacy rather
than big social circles could undermine the progression of both personality and
expertise of a young person.

On the other hand,

[Đơn giản] -> Older people often care about hard work, perseverance, and other
important ethical values, which are important for young people to learn. Older people’s
concentration of traditional values can still offer principles that ensure the path towards
success for young individuals. Young people are often fueled by ambition, which drives
their desire to achieve more without considering their conditions. Fortunately, the value
of older people have thanks to their rich experiences in life often includes perseverance,
determination, and resilience against trouble. With these values, young people could be
more patient in their lives and would not give up against life challenges that would
inevitably occur.
[Phức tạp]-> The emphasis on hardwork and perseverance are often instilled by older
people, which are timeless/eternal principles that can increase the chance of becoming
successful in young individuals. Senior individuals with their rich experiences in life
would understand the qualities needed to overcome setbacks and conquer life
challenges effectively, which leads to the adoption of their traditional values. These
qualities would offer young people a sense of grounding and purposes, sustaining their
dreams without sacrificing their core value.
The older generations are known to usually uphold traditional views regarding how
people should live, think and behave. Personally, I partly/totally agree/disagree with this
school of thought due to some major reasons that are now presented in this essay.

On the one hand, It has to be acknowledged that modern life demands traits such as
creativity, independence, and technological literacy. The traditional focus on conformity
and rigid adherence to established norms can hinder the development of these traits.
For example, the insistence on following a single career path might restrict young

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people’s ability to explore diverse opportunities and develop a broad skill set that is
highly valued in today’s job market. Thus, while traditional ideas have their merits, they
may not fully equip younger generations with the traits necessary for success in the
modern world.

On the other hand, some traditional views and values are certainly applicable to the
modern world. For example, older generations attach great importance to working hard,
doing one’s best, and taking pride in one’s work, and these behaviors can surely benefit
young people as they enter today’s competitive job market. Other characteristics that
are perhaps seen as traditional are politeness and good manners. In our globalized
world, young adults can expect to come into contact with people from a huge variety of
backgrounds, and it is more important than ever to treat others with respect. Finally, I
believe that young people would lead happier lives if they had a more ‘old-fashioned’
sense of community and neighborliness.

In conclusion, although the views of older people may sometimes seem unhelpful in
today’s world, we should not dismiss all traditional ideas as irrelevant.

42. Some people believe that people should be able to have all the money that
they earn. The government should not tax them.
Agree or disagree?

It is sometimes argued that people should be allowed to keep all the money that they
make, so all taxes should be removed. This proposal, despite seemingly benefiting

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individuals, would cause numerous serious problems for individuals themselves and
society as a whole.

Admittedly, it can be said that the abolition of all taxes would theoretically allow low-
income earners to have more disposable income, helping them to cover their living and
other expenses, and consequently making their lives easier. However, this reasoning is
deeply flawed. In fact, collecting taxes is a good way for the government to redistribute
wealth, with the rich paying significantly more, while the poor, unemployed and retired
receive government support and payments. This means that if taxes are enforced
effectively, this makes the lives of those on meager income and those who are unable
to work easier, rather than vice versa [ngược lại].

Perhaps the most convincing point against the removal of all taxes would be that
without tax revenue, the government would not be able to maintain public services such
as schools and hospitals, among countless others. As a result of lack of funding, the
quality of these services would quickly degrade, adversely affecting everyone’s quality
of life. Tax money is also used to fund the law enforcement and prison systems. Thus,
due to budget deficits caused by the abolition of taxation, a very likely scenario would
be that crime would be rampant, causing society to descend into chaos.

In conclusion, abolishing all taxes would do both individuals and society a great
disservice, so it should never be adopted.

43. In education and employment, some people work harder than others.
Why do some people work harder? Is it always a good thing to work hard?

[Sample] In educational and workplace settings, some people are more conscientious
than others. I believe that those who are driven by certain personal goals tend to be
more hardworking than others, and that it is not always good to work hard.

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Trying to achieve personal ambitions usually drives people to work more earnestly than
others. For example, students who strive for a scholarship are often more focused in
class, complete their homework and spend their free time broadening their horizons
further or revising what they have learned. By contrast, though, those without any
academic goals are evidently less motivated. Similarly, some workers work more
conscientiously than others to get a promotion or to master their trades. These
examples show why having clear goals can motivate people to be more industrious than
others.

Of course, working hard is arguably a positive personal trait, with all the advantages of
getting ahead of others, achieving more and having a positive self-image, and there is
general agreement among psychologists that conscientiousness is the strongest
predictor of success. Nevertheless, the idea of working hard is easily taken too far. To
illustrate, those who work hard may find it hard to achieve a healthy balance between
personal and educational/ professional lives, potentially leading to very poor social lives.
For instance, a student who strives to outdo all others may do so at the expense of
social activities, resulting in self-isolation, as seen in many educational settings
nowadays.

In conclusion, the main reason for one’s diligence is their drive to attain their personal
goals, but it can cause problems, when not managed properly.

[Mine] In educational and professional settings, it can be observed that some individuals
exert more effort than others. I believe that this variation can be attributed to personal
motivations and external pressures, but it is not always a positive approach.

The reasons behind the disparity in effort levels often stem from intrinsic and extrinsic
motivations. Internally, individuals with ambitious goals or a desire to achieve
excellence are more likely to push themselves harder. For instance, students aiming for
prestigious scholarships or employees striving for promotions often associate hard word
with success. Externally, cultural norms and societal expectations frequently play a role.
In many countries like Japan, Vietnam, China, diligence is seen as a virtue, leading
individuals to work harder to meet these standards.

Although working hard can yield success, it is not without its drawbacks. On the positive
side, dedication and perseverance often lead to accomplishments, such as higher
grades in academics and career promotions. However, excessive hard work can result
in burnout, stress if people cannot yield discernible results. Overworking may diminish
productivity and creativity, ultimately defeating its purpose. Furthermore, overly
prioritizing work at the expense of personal life and well-being can harm relationships
and both mental and physical health. Thus, while hard work is beneficial to a degree, its
effectivenes is dependent on maintaining a healthy balance.

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In conclusion, people work harder due to a combination of personal aspirations, societal

expectations. While diligence can bring about certain achievements, it is not always
advantageous, as it can lead to burnout and imbalances in life.

44. In many parts of the world, children are now given more freedom than they
used to have. Is it a positive or negative development?

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It is observed that children in most countries now have a higher degree of freedom than
ever before. This development, despite raising some concerns, is a very welcome one.

Admittedly, giving children more freedom can be risky. For example, without parents’
guidance and supervision, they might choose to play dangerous sports or try harmful
activities such as smoking, or they may make friends with misbehaved peers. These
could pose a danger to their well-being and psychological and possibly academic
developments. However, these problems can be easily resolved if adults pay attention
and give them appropriate advice.

However, with children enjoying more freedom, we can expect them to become more
independent and responsible adults in the future. This is because they get to make
decisions on their own and have to be responsible for the outcomes, be these positive
or negative. For instance, after hanging with academically negligent peers, their
academic performance might suffer and this can be a good lesson for them regarding
whom they should be friends with. This lesson can bolster their sense of independence
and responsibility, both of which are very positive traits for anyone to develop.

There are further economic benefits to having more independent and responsible
individuals. To illustrate, employers will surely benefit from having more of such workers
since they can pull their weight and take responsibility for their work, hence higher
productivity and its concomitant economic benefits.

In conclusion, the fact that children are given more freedom than previous generations
is a very positive development.

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45. Although software programs are now available to translate languages, there
are still many advantages to learning foreign languages. To what extent do you
agree or disagree?

There is an opinion that despite the availability of translation apps, mastering a foreign
language is still very beneficial. I agree with this view, and I will explain now.

The key benefit of learning a new language is cultural understanding, given the
inextricable connection between language and culture. In fact, almost all cultures in the
world have certain expressions that cannot be translated into other languages due to
cultural differences. For example, in American English, the expression “read my lips”,
meaning “listen carefully”, derives from the fact that Americans have the habit of not
moving their mouth too much when they speak. Those relying on translation programs
might find such an expression strange or struggle to understand it due the fact that it is
non-existent in their languages.

There are other tangible advantages to acquiring a new language. Scientists have
conclusively found that the brains of bilinguals, trilinguals and polyglots are more plastic,
helping these people to learn other things faster. This is due in large part to them having
to switch between languages frequently, giving their brains some sort of exercise. It is
also important to note that given how time-consuming learning a foreign language can
be, this activity helps improve learners’ patience, which is in and of itself a long-term
benefit.

In conclusion, although we can get access to programs that can translate languages
reasonably accurately, we can reap a wide range of benefits from learning a new
language.

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46. In many countries, if people want to find a job, they have to move away from
their families and friends.
Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?

It is observed that people usually have to relocate to other areas to find employment.
While this trend can cause certain problems, they are outweighed by the benefits.

There are certainly several drawbacks to people moving away from their families and
friends for work purposes. Firstly, they tend to feel homesick, especially in cases where
young married couples have to live apart from their young children or sick parents.
Secondly, those working far away from home are much less likely to have a chance to
meet up with their friends in person, potentially undermining their friendships. Finally, if
they get sick or have problems in their daily lives, they might struggle to get help. This
problem is particularly serious if they have not successfully built good relationships with
their co-workers and neighbors.

However, I am convinced that the advantages of this trend are more significant. It is
certainly true that people choosing to live away from families and friends to work often
earn more money than they normally do if they stay in their towns. This makes it easier
for them to provide for their families as a result, which can boost their life satisfaction.
Beside this, many people decide to move to a new place so that they can develop
themselves. For example, their employers might be one of the most experienced or
established people in their lines of work. This, coupled with the fact that there are fewer
distractions from friends and family members, means that they can develop their
careers faster.

In conclusion, the drawbacks of people moving to other areas to work are outstripped by
the benefits.

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47. [Sample] Many people say the gap between rich and poor is wider, as rich
people become richer and poor people grow poorer. What problems could this
situation cause and what measures can be done to address those problems?

It is observed that the wealth gap between rich and poor is widening. This might
become a breeding ground for antisocial behavior and crime, but these problems can
certainly be addressed.

The yawning chasm between the haves and the have-nots could create serious social
problems. The wealthy are often described as greedy people who are indifferent to the
struggles and suffering of the poor. This can be seen in how they tend to cut costs of
production to maximize profits by reducing workers’ wages. They are also known to use
their money to influence political matters so that more laws are passed in their favor. As
a result, economically disadvantaged people are likely to harbor negative feelings
towards. Such feelings might in turn lead to unrelenting demonstrations and even
crimes such as vandalism and embezzlement, potentially destabilizing society.

In order to address these problems, more tax money should be redistributed to improve
services that benefit the general public. Hopefully, less well-off people can enjoy a
higher quality of life with better education, healthcare and public transport systems. The
government can also levy higher taxes on the wealthy in tandem with legislating stricter
laws on tax evasion to ensure that the rich are paying their fair share of taxes. In
addition to this, employers should be conscious about what they can do to improve their
workers’ quality of life. These measures would perhaps prevent the festering of possible
negative feelings among the poor and create a fairer society.

In conclusion, the growing income gap between the rich and the poor can lead to many
social issues, and these can be solved by the state adopting effective wealth
redistribution strategies and the rich actively trying to improve their workers’ quality of
life.

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Commented [1]: [1] [2] [8] - Cả cái cụm rườm rà "The

gap between rich and poor"
[Mine] Wealth inequality [1] has been receiving endless public attention and criticisms có thể viết gọn lại là Wealth Inequality. Đây là một
thuật ngữ được
from academia, in both developed and developing nations. Although the problems chấp nhận rộng rãi, vì vậy bạn KO cần paraphrase nó
associated with this situation can be pronounced, they are not without solutions. trong bài
viết để không bị mất Consistency nhé.

There are a number of problems caused by wealth inequality [2]. First, wealth inequality [3] Ở đây nếu không cẩn thận bạn sẽ dễ viết thành
widens the gaps among [3] different social classes, meaning different treatments for BETWEEN.
BETWEEN chỉ dành cho 2 đối tượng. Ở đây nhiều hơn
different social classes will likely ensue. For example, youthful upper-class members 2 nên sẽ
can attend prominent preparatory schools, which open doors not only [4] to such elite dùng AMONG.
universities but also to the universities’ highly exclusive clubs whereas lower-class ones
[4] Cứ chỗ nào có NOT ONLY BUT ALSO là bạn phải
[5] do not possess the same opportunities. Second, since the rich possess [6] most of cẩn thận lỗi
the wealth, they have the power to manipulate politicians to enact policies in favor of Parallel. "Not only TO...but also TO..."
them at the expense of [7] other social classes. For instance, recent evidence suggests
[5] Để tránh lặp từ bạn phải dùng ONES thay vì viết lại
that Wall Street banks have gotten even richer with policies made by the US là Lowerclass members.
government.
[6] "The rich" ở đây là viết gọn của "the rich people".
Tức số nhiều
Nevertheless, there have been many good solutions for wealth inequality [8] First, since (plural)
the rich cannot spend all their money, imposing higher taxes on the rich would not
disrupt [9] their lifestyles much and still substantially increase the tax revenue to assist [7] "At the expense of" là một cụm từ rất hay nói đến
mối quan
the less fortunate. [10] The revenue collected can be spent to build and improve hệ được mất. (bên này được thì bên kia mất).
educational institutions and grant scholarships to poor students, giving them equally
good opportunities. Second, wealth inequality can be caused by tax loopholes that the [9] Disrupt là một cụm từ rất rất hay. Nó ngắn và đi vào
trọng tâm.
rich are taking advantage of. Therefore, the key to solving [11] this issue is to close as Nói lên sự thay đổi/rối loạn khi có một yếu tố khác tác
many loopholes as possible so that it is more fair [12] for the poor and middle class. động vào.

[10] The less fortunate ở đây thay thế cho cụm "the
In conclusion, although wealth disparity can cause a whole host of [13] issues, there are poor", nghe
still many practical solutions. By adjusting tax policies alone, governments can be a cho tự nhiên và khách quan hơn.
decent contributor to a fairer [14] society.
[11] Ở đây bạn phải thật cẩn thận. The key to
SOLVING chứ
không phải The key to SOLVE.
(The key to success) (The key to getting a job).

[12] [14] Phân biệt More fair và fairer.

It is more fair
và A fairer society.

Bạn không cần nhớ công thức. Hãy nhìn ví dụ và nhớ

luôn!!!!!!!!!!

[13] "A whole host of" thường chỉ dùng khi nói đến sự
tiêu cực
thay vì tích cực. "A whole host of problems" "A whole
host of bad
people" etc. Khi nói đến tích cực hãy dùng A great deal
of, plenty
of.

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48. In many cities, there is little control on the design and construction of new
houses. Some people think that people can choose to build houses in their own
styles instead of building them the same as the old house style in local areas. Do
the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?

It is observed that in some areas, house owners are allowed to build their houses as
they please rather than conforming to the style of existing houses in their local areas.
While I acknowledge the drawbacks of this trend, they are far overshadowed by the
benefits.

Admittedly, allowing people to build houses in whatever style they like can be
disadvantageous for several reasons. The key reason is that in some urban areas, most
houses follow a certain style of architecture, giving off a sense of uniformity. This has an
aesthetic value to some people, so allowing too much freedom in this case is believed
to ruin the appearance of the neighborhood. Furthermore, some house owners choose
to value style over safety, building houses that look beautiful but might easily collapse if
there were an earthquake. This can be a safety hazard for the owners themselves and
their neighborhood.

However, the advantages of this trend are far more significant. On an individual level,
people can freely express their personal tastes if they are permitted to decide the style
of their houses. This is often associated with a higher level of contentment since people
can live in their dream homes. On an aesthetic level, although a uniform appearance is
sometimes considered beautiful, many people prefer a more dynamic look of their
neighborhood, with houses of different colors, shapes and sizes. Therefore, according
to some, having complete freedom to choose the style of their houses can bolster the
appearance of the neighborhood rather than destroying it.

In conclusion, the benefits of giving people freedom to design their houses according to
their own personal preferences can outstrip the drawbacks. This is provided that house
owners adhere to strict regulations to ensure their own safety and the safety of others.

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49. Countries with a longer average working day are more likely to be
economically successful, but may suffer from negative social consequences as a
result. To what extent do you agree or disagree with these views?

A country’s economic success is certainly affected by a wide range of factors, among

which is the length of people’s working hours. I totally agree with the statement that
countries whose average working hours are longer tend to be prosperous, but they
consequently have to deal with many social problems.

There is no doubt in my mind that countries in which people work longer hours are more
likely to enjoy economic prosperity. Evidence for this can be seen in Japan, where
people’s working hours range from 65 to 80 per week, depending on gender and
occupations. Although this country’s economy had been devastated after World War II,
it has made a quick recovery to become unquestionably one of the most powerful
superpowers. There is general agreement among historians and economists that this
feat was the direct result of the country’s strong work ethic.

However, economic success achieved in this way presents such countries with a litany
of social issues. For example, the birth rate in Japan has stagnated and is now at an all
time low due to the stress caused by people’s excessively long working hours. This is
predicted to grind the economy of the country to a halt, with the population consisting of
a large proportion of old and infirm people. Similarly, China, known for its brutal 9-9-6
working culture (that is, starting the working day at 9 AM, leaving work at 9 PM, and
repeating this cycle six days a week), has the highest suicide rate in the world.

In conclusion, countries with longer working days are more likely to thrive economically,
however, such economic prosperity often comes with numerous serious social
problems.

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50. [Nurture versus Nature] [Sample] Some experts say that the best sports stars,
artists and scientists are born with great talent which other people do not have.
Other experts say that any child can learn to be one of the best in these areas.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.

The question of whether genius and exceptional ability are the result of biological or
environmental factors has been argued over for generations. The ‘nature-nurture’
debate has never been fully resolved. It seems almost certain that gifted individuals owe
their brilliance both to their upbringing and their genetic make-up.

It is beyond doubt that a person’s environment-including how they are educated and
trained-plays a vital role in development. Many individuals are taught skills such as
playing the violin to an extremely high level. Practice leads to significant improvement
and those who spend the greatest amount of time mastering a skill often reap the
greatest rewards. For example, the world’s most amazing classical guitarists spend
literally years in the practice room.

However, it should be pointed out that world-class athletes and skilled players of
musical instruments probably start with a genetic advantage. It may be that they are
naturally endowed with stronger or possess the ability to concentrate for longer periods.
Some scientific studies have suggested that the brains of pianists, for example, are
different at birth from those of less musical children. It is very likely that - as a result of
this biological superiority - talented sportsmen and musicians succeed in their particular
discipline, which encourages them to continue. The picture is presumably similar for top
scientists, engineers and computer programmers. They exploit their biological strengths
in a supportive environment.

In conclusion, it is surely wrong to argue simplistically that a baby is born with a natural
ability to thrive in a specific field or that children are born as ‘blank slates’ and can learn
to do anything to a high level if they practice hard enough. The truth appears to be that
there is a complex interaction between these two factors, which leads certain gifted and
fortunate individuals to become superstars or academic genius.

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51. [Old people] Science can now help people to live to the age of a hundred or
more. Some people view it in a positive light, but others believe it creates
problems. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

Life expectancy has risen dramatically over recent decades, and it is no longer unusual
to meet individuals who have lived for a century. At first sight, this might appear to be a
positive development. However, there is a negative side which also needs to be
considered.

Individuals, their families and society can benefit from this longevity. Those lucky
enough to have excellent physical and mental health can engage in recreational
activities and enjoy their later years. They may also support their families in several
ways. For instance, even extremely elderly relatives can look after grandchildren or
great-grandchildren whose parents have busy working lives and other commitments.
Finally, the elderly have accrued a great deal of experience and their wisdom can enrich
society as a whole. In many cultures, those who have lived longest are asked for advice
when difficult issues have to be dealt with.

However, we need to recognise that living longer can be miserable, and the elderly can
be a burden for relatives and the state. Centenarians often suffer from physical illnesses
which prevent them from leading an active life. They may be housebound or even
confined to bed. Similarly, mental conditions such as memory loss and Alzheimer’s
disease can be devastating. Having an extremely old relative can create difficulties for a
family. Younger relatives may resent caring for them or supporting them financially, and
many of those who reach the age of a hundred are neglected, abandoned or sent to
care-homes. Finally, the elderly may be entitled to a state pension and will probably
require expensive medical treatment. This is money which the authorities would rather
spend on healthcare and education for the young.

In conclusion, although hundred-year-olds can be fulfilled and content and may benefit
those around them, it is often the case that they struggle with debilitating medical
conditions and loneliness, and that they feel unwanted and surplus to requirements.

TÀI LIỆU DÙNG CHO MỤC ĐÍCH GIÁO DỤC, VUI LÒNG DẪN TÊN VÀ NGUỒN KHI TÁI SỬ DỤNG
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52. [Crime - Education]Studies have found that many criminals have a low level of
education. For this reason, some people think that the best way to reduce crime
is to provide criminals in prison with education so that they can get a job after
they leave prison. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Criminologists have found that a sizable proportion of criminals did not receive proper
education. Given this, it is argued that the most effective method to combat crime is to
educate prisoners so that they can find employment after they are released. While this
approach can work to a certain extent, it is by no means that the best solution there is to
deal with crime.

It is certainly true that the provision of educational programs can render inmates more
employable. This is because the recipients of these programs will have a better
understanding of the law and possess important job skills. It is likely that they, as a
result, will become law-abiding citizens and productive members of society after their
prison terms. Therefore, they are less likely to reoffend, leading to lower rates of
recidivism.

However, this measure fails to address the root causes of crime such as poverty. In
fact, a large proportion of convicted offenders were living under the poverty line, which
suggests that they were forced to take what they did not have in order to sustain their
lives and provide for their families. Thus, it can be argued that they might not have
committed crime in the first place, if there had been more job opportunities.

A related point is that early education, or the lack thereof, is another underlying cause of
crime. Education is indeed unaffordable for a section of the population, which means
that a great number of children are not taught properly. They are educated on the
streets rather than at school. Given this concerning situation, if education were made
more accessible to these financially disadvantaged children, they could be steered
away from a criminal lifestyle and stand a better chance of securing a job, preemptively
eliminating their motivation to commit crimes.

In conclusion, although providing criminals with rehabilitation and educational programs

can help them turn their lives around and become productive workers, potentially
lowering crime rates, addressing the problem of poverty is definitely more fruitful given
its fundamental importance in early crime prevention.

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53. Some people believe that people are naturally born as leaders while others
feel that leadership skills can develop.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.

It is sometimes argued that leadership skills cannot be learned because they are
something that people are born with, while other people think otherwise, saying that we
can learn to become better leaders. I believe that some people are lucky to have been
endowed with/ blessed with certain traits that allow them to lead effectively, but
leadership can certainly be learned.

On the one hand, it is true that some people are naturally more confident, charismatic
and eloquent, and these traits enable them to become talented leaders. For example,
there are many children who can effortlessly command their beers’ respect and so are
often given the roles of class monitors, team leaders or club leaders. When they start
working, they are usually offered the leading role, and when they retire, they are often
trusted to organize and host meetings for their contemporaries.

On the other hand, I am convinced that we can learn to become better leaders. To look
for a supporting example, one need look up further than Duong Hong Son, who was the
captain of the Vietnamese national football team in the 1990s. He, despite having
extensive experience and exceptional football skills, was a reserved person and
therefore initially struggled with boosting his teammates’ morale and maintaining
discipline in his team. However, after taking a course in leadership skills, he became
better at communication skills, which in large part helped him lead his team to succeed.
This example shows that leadership skills can be developed.

In conclusion, I am of the opinion that although there are clearly people who are born
with good leadership skills, we can also learn to be more effective leaders.

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54. Some people think that planning for the future is a waste of time. They believe
it is more important to focus on the present. To what extent do you agree or
disagree?

Some say that people should live for the moment instead of worrying about the future.
In this essay, I will challenge this school of thought, for I believe that both the future and
the present are equally important to people’s lives.

Of course, one might argue that planning for the future is a waste of time because we
indeed cannot accurately predict what the future holds for us. However, to say that
doing so is not necessary is to ignore the fact that planning helps us have a clearer idea
of what steps we should take at the moment and what obstacles we might encounter
when pursuing our goals. Furthermore, even if the present is filled with hardships and
suffering, one usually feels better and more motivated to resolve them if they believe in
a brighter future awaiting them.

In my opinion, we should also pay adequate attention to the present. The reason for this
is that our actions at the present almost single-handedly determine future outcomes. For
example, one should not wait until important dates such as their spouse's birthday or
anniversaries to buy them a bouquet of flowers or a gift if they feel that now is the
appropriate time. This action might help cement their relationship better than waiting
until the exact dates to express their love and appreciation.

In conclusion, by no means is planning for the future a waste of time and effort. In fact, it
helps people achieve their goals and stay positive, but it is equally important to live for
the moment given how present actions have tremendous bearing on the future.

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55. In the modern world, it is no longer necessary for people to use food or
products from animals such as medicine and clothing. To what extent do you
agree or disagree?

Every year, billions of animals are killed each year for food, medicine and clothing.
Given this staggering number, much has been debated about whether we should stop
this practice, with animal rights activists saying that it is no longer necessary for us to
slaughter animals for those needs. However, I would argue that animals are still
necessary for humans as food and medicine sources.

In my opinion, we should not kill animals for their hides or skins because there are
viable alternatives for them. This is because synthetic clothing materials are readily
available and they can easily be dyed and modified to resemble animals’ fur or skin. For
example, not many people can tell the difference between an Hermes handbag, which
is often made by using white crocodile’s skin, and a similar handbag made from
synthetic leather. The problem is that many people still attach much importance to
authentic animals’ skins. Therefore, it is not that we could not produce clothes without
killing animals, so this should be changed.

However, stopping using animals for food or medicine would be unwise. Regarding the
former, animals can provide us with important sources of minerals, vitamins and protein,
some of which cannot be viably substituted by other food sources. Without using
animals, we might struggle to stay healthy and have to resort to supplementary
products-which adds more costs to the average person’s daily spending. In addition to
food, many medicines can only be developed by using animals both in production and
research. Thus, it is wiser to wait until we find feasible alternatives to animals in these
cases to make the remark that we no longer need animals for products such as
medicine.

In conclusion, although we no longer need to kill animals to make clothes, we still

depend on them for food and medicine. It is also important to note that if there are
effective alternatives to animals in producing or testing medical products, these animals
should be spared.

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56. [Sample] The world should have only one government rather than a national
government for each country. Do the advantages of this system outweigh the
disadvantages?

The concept of cosmocracy has been around for some time now, with some idealists
posting that there should be only one government in the world rather than a national
government in each nation. This proposal, albeit having certain advantages, would
cause countless insoluble problems.

Of course, one might argue that a global government governing the world would reduce
the possibility of conflicts between regions. This can be seen in the way the federal
government in the US addresses any conflict of interest among its states. However, this
country comprises only 50 states, and most people in this country believe in the same
constitutions and values like capitalism and individualism. By contrast, the imaginary
unitary government would have thousands of states, and they might have differing, and
even diametrically opposing ideologies. This, coupled with the fact that the
establishment of an all-encompassing government would necessitate compromises
made by not just some or most, but all local governments around the world, would
render the cosmocratic system impractical.

Some theorists have advanced the idea that a single universal government would tackle
global issues more effectively. For example, it would collect taxes and redistribute
wealth to economically disadvantaged areas, for example by building infrastructure, and
providing food, health and education aid. As a result, world hunger, income inequality,
and poverty-stricken scenarios could be properly dealt with. Nevertheless, given how
much wealth would be needed to resolve these problems in deprived regions, taxpayers
in richer areas, despite paying significantly more, would receive very little in return,
hence resentment, and by extension, unrelenting demonstrations and social unrest.

Perhaps the most convincing argument against the idea of establishing a government
with worldwide jurisdiction would be that there would be no restrictions on immigration.
Thus, a likely scenario would be that an overwhelmingly large number of people would
flock to prosperous areas, as seen in how many people are illegally entering the US at

TÀI LIỆU DÙNG CHO MỤC ĐÍCH GIÁO DỤC, VUI LÒNG DẪN TÊN VÀ NGUỒN KHI TÁI SỬ DỤNG
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the moment. This would unequivocally result in much fiercer competition for jobs and
traffic and housing problems, which would be the breeding ground for crime.

In conclusion, the benefits of having an all-powerful, centralized government in the

world would undoubtedly be outweighed by its drawbacks.

57. Economic progress is often used to measure a country’s success. However,

some people believe that other factors are more important. What other factors
should also be considered when measuring a country’s success? Do you think
one factor is more important than others?

The relative success of different countries is usually defined in economic terms. There
are several other factors, apart from the economy, that could be used to assess a
country’s success. In my opinion, education is the most important of all.

Standards of education, health and individual human rights should certainly be

considered when measuring a country’s status. A good education system is vital for the
development of any nation, with schools, colleges and universities bearing the
responsibility for the quality of future generations of workers. Healthcare provision is
also an indicator of the standard of living within a country, and this can be measured by
looking at average life expectancy rates or availability of medical services. Furthermore,
human rights and levels of equality could be taken into account. For example, a country
in which women do not have the same opportunities as men might be considered less
successful than a country with better gender equality.

In my view, a country’s education system should be seen as the most important

indicator of its success and level of development. This is because education has a
considerable effect on the other factors mentioned above. It affects people’s health in
the sense that doctors and nurses need to be trained and scientists need to be
educated to the highest levels before they can carry out medical research. It also affects
the economy in the sense that a well-educated workforce will allow a variety of
companies and industries to flourish, leading to trade with other countries, and
increased wealth. Finally, educated citizens are more likely to be tolerant, open-minded
supporters of equality and improved human rights, and by extension, promote
innovations and advancements.

In conclusion, nations can be assessed and compared in a variety of ways, but I would
argue that the standard of a country’s education system is the measure of its success.

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58. While people in developing countries are happier than in the past, people in
developed countries are less happy. Why? What can be learnt from this?

It is observed that due to higher levels of living standards, inhabitants in third-world

countries report higher levels of happiness, compared to the past. However, those living
in developed parts of the world perversely experience a decline in their overall
happiness level, which can be attributed to the prevalence of consumerism. There are
indeed lessons to be learned from this development for people in both developing and
developed nations.

People in developing countries feel increasingly happier because they are becoming
more materialistically prosperous. In the past, they may have struggled to meet basic
human needs such as shelter, food and education, but tremendous economic progress
made in those countries has relieved people of the constant stress of trying to survive,
significantly facilitating their life satisfaction. Those living in developed countries, on the
other hand, have enjoyed high levels of living standards for a long time, and many of
them are taking this privilege for granted. To make matters worse, consumerism,
coupled with the ubiquity of adverts, nudges people to strive for more material
possessions to boost their self-worth and consequently feel happy. However, after
successfully purchasing something, people tend to feel satisfied for a short amount of
time because there are always more expensive things to buy and wealthier people to
impress. In other words, buying more is like chasing an asymptote, naturally leading to
discontentment.

There are different lessons people in both rich and less well-off countries can learn from
this development. Residents in wealthy nations need to understand that owning more
things does not equate happiness. As they are already able to subsist their lives almost
effortlessly, they should find healthier sources of happiness such as sports, passions,
and relationships, for example. Those living in developing countries also need to
understand that there is a strong correlation between wealth and happiness, but this link
tends to disappear when they reach a certain level of riches. In order for them to
prolong their happiness, they should learn to manage their money wisely and not fall

TÀI LIỆU DÙNG CHO MỤC ĐÍCH GIÁO DỤC, VUI LÒNG DẪN TÊN VÀ NGUỒN KHI TÁI SỬ DỤNG
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victim to finding happiness in consumerism, the nature of which is extremely short-lived.

In conclusion, the consumerist mentality, which has been woven into every fabric of
societies in developed countries, has encouraged people to associate their happiness
with materialistic possessions, and this has caused them to feel less happy. These
people need to understand that they cannot buy their way to happiness and that they
should find other ways to be happy. People in developing countries are getting richer,
enabling them to enjoy a significantly higher quality of life. For these people, they should
try to earn more, but then they need to learn to manage their spending habits to avoid
consumerism.

59. [Đề làm tôi rớt đội tuyển 10] Some people think that mobile phones should be
banned in public places like libraries, shops and on public transport. To what
extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?

Opinions are divided on whether phones should be strictly prohibited in public spaces
such as libraries, shops or public transport. I believe that such a ban is unnecessary
and is problematic and that there are conferred benefits from allowing people to use
their phones in these settings.

Granted, one might argue that phones should not be allowed in public areas because
the use of this device could annoy other people. An epitome of this is that the sound of
someone talking on the phone or their notifications could distract people who are trying
to study in a library. However, this problem can be resolved without prohibiting the use
of phones completely in public spaces. A straightforward measure is to ask people to
switch off the ringtones, turn on the vibration mode and answer their phone call
elsewhere to avoid annoying other people. Furthermore, it would also be difficult to
enforce a ban on phones in public places, as it would require an unimaginable amount
of manpower to make it work: it is unthinkable to have a police officer on each bus
journey to enforce the said law.

In my opinion, allowing people to use phones in public is beneficial in many ways. For
example, those reading a book in a library and encountering a theory that they are
unsure of can use their phone to do a search on the Internet to find related material to
confirm or invalidate it; those doing the shopping can make a payment easily by using
certain digital wallets; and those using phones on a bus make better use of their travel
time by reading something on their phone or watching movies on movie streaming
services like Netflix. Perhaps the most cited reason for using phones in public is that
phone users can quickly contact their friends or family or the police in emergency
cases.

TÀI LIỆU DÙNG CHO MỤC ĐÍCH GIÁO DỤC, VUI LÒNG DẪN TÊN VÀ NGUỒN KHI TÁI SỬ DỤNG
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In conclusion, banning phones in public areas is neither necessary nor plausible.

Instead, people should pay attention to their use so that they can benefit from it without
disturbing others.

60. Some people think it is more important to spend public money on promoting
a healthy lifestyle in order to prevent illness than to spend it on the treatment for
people who are already ill. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

There is an opinion that allocating tax money for the promotion of healthier lifestyles is
more efficacious than for treatments for already sick people. Personally, I disagree with
this viewpoint because countless people are hospitalized due to their genetic defects, or
accidents and a large section of society-in low income brackets - cannot afford to adopt
a healthier lifestyle.

Admittedly, if more people lead healthier lifestyles, fewer people will be sick in the first
place due to lifestyle-related factors. For example, a large number of people, especially
young ones, insouciantly eat fast food and drink sugary drinks on a regular basis
because of their tastiness, even though these dietary choices are associated with higher
risks of obesity and diabetes. If these people are made aware of the consequences
involved, they may switch to more salubrious options. This enables them to avoid such
problems and lead a healthier lifestyle. Therefore, it is indeed important to educate
people about what constitutes a healthy lifestyle to boost their overall well-being.

However, to say that such a preventative measure is more important than treating
people who are already ill is to ignore a range of other non-blameworthy factors. Firstly,
millions of people need to go to hospital every year because their bad genes render
them susceptible to certain health complications or because they get involved in
accidents. If their treatments are not sufficiently subsidized, it is tantamount to
sentencing them to death. Furthermore, a large proportion of the human population - in
lower income bands - have little or no choice but to eat so-called unhealthy food such
as fast food. This ineluctably makes them become prone to arguably self- preventable
sickness. However, the onus is still on the government to fund their treatments - given

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their contributions to the country and the government's responsibility to ensure the well-
being of their citizens.

In conclusion, promoting a healthier way of life among the general public is not
necessarily of more importance than treating sick people properly. (334 words)

61. Many people say that though nowadays there are more people, especially the
young, doing volunteer work, they do it just because of following trends, not for
their own interest or for the benefits of the community. To what extent do you
agree with the statement above?

Many believe that while more young people are volunteering today, they do it just to
follow trends rather than from genuine interest or a desire to help the community. I
disagree with this school of thought for some reasons that are now presented in the
following essay.

Social media should be taken into consideration that it has influenced how young
individuals perceive and engage in volunteering activities. Sharing volunteer activities
online can attract more people seeking social recognition rather than genuinely wanting
to help. Moreover, schools and organizations also encourage or require volunteer work,
sometimes making it seem like an obligation rather than a choice. This has led to the
scenario where young individuals engage in volunteer activities to fulfill academic or
professional requirements rather than personal interest.

However, there are also a large number of young people who are genuinely passionate
about making a difference in their communities. The exposure to global issues such as
climate change, social inequality, and humanitarian crises has inspired a significant
number of youth to take action. For example, Greta Thunberg, a young climate activist,
has motivated millions of young people worldwide to volunteer for environmental
causes. These individuals volunteer not because it is trendy, but because they feel a
deep sense of duty and compassion. Their involvement in volunteer work is driven by a
desire to contribute to meaningful change and support needy people.

TÀI LIỆU DÙNG CHO MỤC ĐÍCH GIÁO DỤC, VUI LÒNG DẪN TÊN VÀ NGUỒN KHI TÁI SỬ DỤNG
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In conclusion, while the growing number of young people attending volunteer programs
for fun may suggest trend-following, other positive individuals’ dedication should not be
underestimated.

Kỹ thuật viết đỉnh cao cho mọi dạng IELTS TASK 2 - Problem/ Solution

Nowadays, people are living longer than in the past. Why? What is the impact?

Do medical breakthroughs
There are some reasons that explain why the life expectancy of people has been
prolonged significantly. Due to multiple medical breakthroughs, many illnesses have
been treated effectively. This is why our lifespan has been extended. -> Fail
Wording: There are some reasons that explain why our life expectancy has improved
drastically in the modern era. In the past, due to the lack of understanding regarding the
biological nature of our bodies and many illnesses, even a simple infection from a
superficial wound could have proved to be detrimental to humans, effectively shortening
their lifespan. Fortunately, with multiple medical breakthroughs and the transformation
of the pharmaceutical industry, most health issues can be addressed effectively,
including the most severe ones. This drastic improvement in healthcare has not only
extended people’s lives but also has a boosting effect on the quality of living.-> TCA:
Temporal Contrast Analysis.-> tập trung vào những sự thay đổi hiển nhiên nhất
về công nghệ, về cấu trúc xã hội, về cách con người tương tác-để giải thích một
hiện tượng khác.

*Nowadays, going internationally to learn has become a choice that a lot of

students prefer. Why? What is its impact?

There are some reasons that explain why many students want to go abroad to learn in
this day and age. Due to the superior teaching conditions in different nations, students

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want to go there to learn. -> Trớt quớt? Chữa được không?- Chữa được. Như nào? Cụ
thể hóa hoàn thành + cụ thể hóa cái ưu việt.

There are some reasons that explain why many students want to go abroad to learn in
this day and age. Most students who travel to other nations to learn often reside in
developing countries, which are generally known to have inferior teaching conditions
due to limited budgets. By going to these destinations, they can have superior quality of
training, resulting in better levels of competency. This would give them an edge once
they become an employee, giving more financial benefits and social status. -> rất khó
viết-> đặt câu hỏi: 1950- đi du học có dễ hay không, và tại sao? -> TCA

Không có tài chính -> thì khiến không làm được gì, mà không đi du học được.

Đi thẳng vào root causes-> di chuyen

There are some reasons that explain why many students want to go abroad to learn in
this day and age. In the past, due to limited globalization and restricted transportation
between different countries, moving to another nation was highly expensive, meaning
that people with normal socio-economic backgrounds would not be able to afford such a
venture. Fortunately, as airfares have never been more affordable, going to another
nation in order to pursue better educational conditions has become realistic to most
students. Along with the prospect of being more culturally immersive, better
transportation has explained the trend of going abroad to learn.

[Simplify for second language users] There are some reasons that explain why many
students want to go abroad to learn in this day and age. In the past, traveling to other
countries often entailed an enormous amount of cost, ranging from transportation to
accommodation given the large difference in currency value between nations. However,
as the world has become globalized, air travel has been widely accessible, while the
cost of living becomes more universal across nations. These conditions have favored
international travel, and students have utilized this to pursue higher education at a place
with superior educational conditions.

* In this day and age, many older individuals tend to live alone. Why? What are
the impacts?

- Họ không muốn phụ thuộc vào người khác - tại sao xưa muốn, giờ lại không
muốn?
- Họ muốn thoải mái hơn - tại sao giờ mới muốn?
-> Nhìn đề dễ nhưng không dễ.
- Generation gap -> tại sao giờ có xưa không có?
- Làm phiền việc làm ăn con cháu - tại sao giờ sợ xưa không sợ?
- Khác thói quen sinh hoạt - tại sao giờ mới khác?

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Chỉ vậy thôi đó. Giải thích không hề dễ-> tạo Frame TCA.
- Ageing population -> hướng này là viết được, chỉ khó thôi.
- Con cái đi làm xa - tại sao giờ làm xa mà xưa không đi làm xa.
-> phải giải thích cái đơn giản nhất.

- Hồi xưa đông con, giờ không đông con nữa - tại sao xưa dễ sống chung mà giờ
không dễ sống chung nữa? -> Câu chuyện về xác suất đơn giản.
In the past, many families tended to have a lot of children, meaning that they often
chose to live together to share the cost of living. This had gradually become
habitualized, and some of the children would still live with their parents until they got old.
In contrast, as family units become drastically smaller, the ratio between young and old
becomes less skewed. As a result, there is an increased possibility that many older
people must live by themselves without the support from anyone.

Wording: In the past, the traditional society highly emphasized the role of being
communal and sticking up together. From a survival perspective, this idea makes a lot
of sense as being together could reduce the cost of living and improve communal
support. Nevertheless, the modern world has highlighted the role of individualism,
elevating the ability to be independent. This is why many senior people choose to reside
alone without any support as they believe that would reduce distractions and enhance
their ability to be socially aligned.

*In the modern world, storing information on computers has become popular,
while using documents has not been used as much. Why? What are the impacts?

There are some major reasons that explain why virtually storing information on
computers has several advantages over some conventional methods, such as using
documents. [In the past, information must be stored physically on papers, meaning that
it would take up a lot of space and cause problems when browsing. Fortunately, as the
ability to retain information of computers is virtually unlimited, such requirements for
physical spaces could be eliminated, while browsing is swifter than ever. Thus, this new
method has reigned supreme, while documents as information containers have become
outdated.] In the past, when information could only be stored on papers, a lot of physical
spaces were required. Also, the tracking of information was very challenging and prone
to errors. Thanks to the ability of computers to store information unlimitedly, the demand
for physical spaces is no longer needed, while people can search information fast. This
is why the use of computers as information storage has become popular. [The use of
physical containers to retain information was highly inefficient due to the demand for
physical spaces and human labors. Also, the susceptibility to errors was exceptionally
heightened during the process of tracking and browsing data. Thanks to the limitless
nature of virtually storing information on computers, such obstacles can be removed,
opening the new era for information management that transcends: vượt qua
technological challenges.]

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*Nowadays, marketing has become more effective. Why? What are the impacts of
investing in marketing more than the actual products or services?

targeting marketing -> quảng cáo nhắm trúng đích-lấy data của consumers-offer sản
phẩm

In this day and age, the effectiveness of marketing has improved drastically, completely
altering how a seller would approach their potential customers. In this essay, I would
evaluate the reasons behind this advent before discussing the implications of
disproportionate distribution of resources between marketing and the products
themselves.

There are some reasons that explain the increased effectiveness of marketing in this
modern world. In the past, marketing mostly relied on the ability to reach the largest
audience through traditional media means, such as newspaper, billboard, or TV ads.
This form of advertisement was highly costly and could not be customized to each sub-
group of audience, bringing uncertain return on such investment. Nevertheless, as the
use of the Internet becomes an inseparable part of our lives, our preference and
personal data are easily collected. This collection would build a massive dataset that
helps marketers specifically target a group of audience, enhancing the overall
effectiveness.

There are several determinants associated with favoring marketing rather than the
research and development of the actual products and services. Due to the increased
effectiveness of marketing, most sellers believe that more investment in this field would
create more profits. However, each producer only has a fixed amount of budget,
meaning that more for marketing would eventually compromise the quality of their
products. Eventually, although their sales can be boosted instantly, the overall
experience of customers could be negative, blocking further sales and damaging the
reputation of the brand.

In conclusion, although marketing has become more effective, it may lead to the
development that brands undermine the quality of their products in favor of investing in
marketing. I believe that brands must be conscious about the ultimate requirement of
producing the best products for their clients, and only by this thinking could their brands
flourish/ blossom/ thrive in the future.

=>Giờ người ta nhiều tiền -> Hiện tượng A

In the past, do [ ], dẫn đến phủ định A.
Tuy nhiên, hiện tại, do [ ] không còn, nên A xảy ra.

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62. [Actual Test Tháng Sáu] In today’s world of advanced science and
technology, we still greatly value our artists such as musicians, painters, and
writers.
What can arts tell us about life that science and technology can not?

Đề thi lỗi logic - bẫy test takers

Ex: Chúng ta nên đầu tư vào education thay vì healthcare.

[When we invest in education, we can expand the accessibility to it, helping more
workers become competent in the future. As this improvement would boost the
economy and benefit everyone in the future, investing education is highly essential
-> lỗi logic kinh điển.]

[Investing in education can offer an immense boost in the level of competency of future
workers, improving the level of economic progress and creativity. In contrast, investing
in healthcare is highly expensive, meaning that we should favor education rather than
healthcare -> lỗi khó nhìn, fail]

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In the modern world, despite the reliance on technological advancement and the
improved role of science, artists still have a unique position in the lives of most people
around the world. In this essay, I would evaluate some of the benefits that can only be
brought about by art.

Vật lý không phải môn sáng tạo ra tự nhiên - chỉ mô tả tự nhiên. Dùng lý thuyết -
cố gắng mô tả hiện tượng.
->Còn nghệ thuật? Sáng tạo từ hư không ra.

[On the one hand, science focuses primarily on explaining natural phenomena that must
be confirmed through rigorous experiments. Thus, science requires the acceptance of
limitations and a vast possession of knowledge and training, which is not universally
present among all individuals. ]

In essence, science’s primary goal is to establish a set of principles that explain the
nature that we are observing. Not only does science require the confirmation of rigorous
experiments, but it also necessitates the role of training and years of experience. This is
why there is a rigid feel towards science, and most people fail to recognize its
importance and unify around it.

[However, to be an artist means to create new things. While music can offer unique
sensations that can not be explained by words, a stroke of painters can portray
emotions at a profound level. Also, the ability to comprehend arts among all individuals
is uniquely high, meaning that the role the role of provoking creativity and unifying
people people can not be reached by science. ]

On the other hand, arts revolve around the creations of novel emotions, sensations, and
offer unique opportunities for unification. While a musician can create notes that deeply
portray emotions that no words can express, a painter’s stroke of genius could capture Commented [2]: nét cọ của thiên tài
a large audience and unify them together. These values of provoking creativity and
unifying people can not be matched by science, elevating the role of arts in our lives.

Nghệ thuật có khả năng đặc biệt - kết nối. Nghệ thuật dù có ở một phiên bản cực kỳ
offensive, một phiên bản cực kỳ soft đều có thể kết nối con người.
Ví dụ bức tranh Scream, tiếng thét- What? bức tranh đắt nhất mọi thời đại? Why?
Anything special? Nhưng cảm giác mà người ta không hài lòng về bức tranh đó lại kết
nối những người có cùng suy nghĩ như vậy -> nhiều nghiên cứu chứng minh rằng Nghệ
thuật là cái giúp con người kết nối với nhau dù bất kể người ta thích hay ghét tác phẩm
nghệ thuật đó.

Bài viết hoàn chỉnh [Sample]: It is true that science can explain the nature of many
phenomena happening around us, ranging from the impact of alcohol on our health to
the response of our brain to pain and even the formation of clouds. However, other

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aspects of human life including human feelings are enigmatic, however, better
illustrated in the form of arts.

Firstly, human feelings still leave scientists a large number of questions to be answered.
For example, the response of our body and brain to nervousness and excitement is
exactly the same, as seen in the way our armpits and palms begin to sweat, how our
heart starts to beat faster, and how adrenaline is produced in a certain region in our
brain. Thus, even the most advanced medical technologies such as a MRI scanner,
which could detail how our brain responds to external and internal cues, will show the
same results for those two feelings, thus failing to tell what a person is viscerally going
through. A song, on the other hand, could deliver the unique feelings of the composer to
the extent that there are now over 3 billion songs written about love, but they tell very
different stories and shades of feelings.

Similarly, psychologists, philosophers, and scientists alike are still struggling to provide
possible answers to metaphysical questions like what constitutes happiness. In
scientific terms, there are certainly some preconditions to happiness, for example in the
form of personal achievements, material possessions and relationships. However, there
are highly respected people who have risen to the position of power, possessed an
imaginable amount of wealth and had a good marriage life, but still feel miserable to the
point of suicide. This, scientifically, does not make much sense, but many writers,
composers or painters have successfully portrayed such people’s misery by means of a
poem, song or painting. This can be seen in how Taylor Swift, arguably the most
successful singer in the US at the moment, described her insatiable love underneath
her glamor and success in “Red Album”.

In conclusion, even the most erudite scientists are still baffled by questions pertaining to
human feelings, which could be reasonably depicted in many different forms

Hướng dẫn chi tiết dạng “To what extent IELTS và Discuss both views”

1) Some people think that an enhanced quality of life can only be achieved with
economic development. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
To what extent có 4 cách: đồng ý/ không đồng ý một phần/ hoàn toàn.

Đồng ý một phần, thì bài ra giống discuss both views: Some people think that an
enhanced quality of life can only be achieved with economic development. Others, in
contrast, think that there are different ways. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

Opening: Some individuals are of the opinion that economic development is a

necessary part of improving the quality of citizens’ life. Personally, I totally/ partly agree/
disagree with this school of thoughts due to some major reasons that are explained in
this essay.

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Some individuals claim that the quality of life can only be improved if the economy
develops at an optimal rate. My opinion expresses a total/ partial degree of alignment
with this school of thought due to some major reasons that are explained in this essay.

CTA - characteristic - trait association

[quality of life có thể được cải thiện bằng cách nào, hoặc hiện tại đang bị thấp do những
lý do gì]

[economic development đem lại những giá trị, kết quả gì]
-> Nếu giá trị và kết quả của economic development tương thích với các yêu cầu của
quality of life -> đạt được chứng minh.

Quality of life -> đưa ra được định nghĩa -> ví dụ: A high quality of life can only be
achieved if all citizens can have access to education and healthcare.

Economic development -> có thể đem lại tiền, từ đó giúp chính phủ cover 2 cái trên ->
When a country is highly developed from an economic standpoint, it could have enough
resources to cover the expenditure on these two major aspects.

Kết luận -> This is why a developed economy is a vital component of an improvement in
the quality of life.

An optimal quality of life can only be achieved if equality is virtually present among all
socio-economic groups within a country, which can be manifested as having effortless
accessibility to education and healthcare. When a nation is economically developed, it
could have enough resources to ensure that such requirements are met effectively,
helping citizens enjoy a life with security and certainty. This is why many people believe
that a high quality of life can only be accomplished if economic development is at an
optimal state.
Lại: A high quality of living means that every citizens are entitled to the rights to protect
themselves and ensuẻ their development. These goals can only be achieved if
education and healthcare can be accessible to all groups of citizens despite their
income and social status. If a nation is economically developed, it would have enough
budget to cover both aspects, which ensures the best level of career advancement and
health protection for citizens. This is why many people believe that economic progress
is a vital part of elevating the quality of life of citizens.

On the other hand, the notion that there is a mutually exclusive relationship between a
high quality of life and optimal economic development may have notable flaws. [On the
other hand, there are some other aspects that could help achieve a high quality of living
without relying on economic development.] Many countries, despite achieving massive
economic successes, still struggle with elevating the living conditions of the poorest
groups of people. This is caused due to the reliance on manual labor, the lack of

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equality, and the social chasms that have ingrained in the history of modern society.
[Economic success cannot solely determine a high quality of life, evidently in the case of
China. This nation has the second highest GDP across the globe, yet still reports a high
proportion of poverty and inequality.]

2) Some people think that space mining is a field that should be invested more.
Others strongly oppose this and suggest that it is wasteful. Discuss both views
and give your opinion.
Some individuals are of the claim that investing more in space mining is highly
beneficial, and this activity should be proliferated/ perpetuated. Others, nevertheless,
consider such an investment as wasteful and strongly oppose it. Although both schools
of thought hold merit, I agree more with the former/ latter perspective.

RARE MINERALS/ REE/ HELIUM - 3

ATERMISH- 1KG- 100-200K USD

On the one hand, there are some major reasons that explain why some people endorse
the investment in space mining. [Context 2] Due to the ever-lasting increase in the size
of our population and our insatiable thirst for energy, the scarcity of natural resources
has become prevalent around the world. As space is proven to contain all important
minerals and energy sources, investing in space mining has become a potential solution
for our planet’s problems. [As the population sizes have consistently surged at an
uncontrollable rate, the demand for resources, especially oil and natural gas, has
become more heated than ever. Due to the fact that space has been proven to contain
virtually every important minerals, metals, and substances that can serve as our future
energy sources, investing in space mining has become a widely endorsed topic. For
instance, Helium - 3 isotope, which has a total presence of a few kilograms on Earth, is
abundant in the lunar regolith, can hold the key to limitless clean energy (is a vital
component in fusion reactions)]

Context 1: there are a hundred new discoveries regarding resources on the planet. This
would provide enough natural gas and oil to use for the next 5000 years.
Context 2: The price of fossil fuels has increased exponentially, yet many nations still do
not have enough to serve the demand of their citizens.
Conclusion: the race towards finding a new source of power has never been this urgent.

Red herring - con cá trích đỏ - lỗi lập luận - kỹ thuật ngụy biện: a fact, idea, or subject
that takes people's attention away from the central point being considered
Ví dụ:
A: Sao mày đi hẹn với tao mày cứ đi trễ hoài vậy?
B: Sao hôm bữa mày mượn tiền tao mày chưa trả?

Son: "Wow, Dad, it's really hard to make a living on my salary."

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Father: "Consider yourself lucky, son. Why, when I was your age, I only made $40 a
week."

On the other hand, opponents of the previous view claim that space mining would not
be a cost-effective solution and could induce unnecessary waste of resources. In the
modern scientific world, most minerals and metals can be artificially synthesized on this
planet, and the effort should be put into ensuring that these processes can be executed
at a lower cost. Also, traveling into the cosmos is extremely expensive, which could
outweigh any potential benefit. For instance, according to the Artemis project carried out
by NASA, a kilogram of material can be transported to the moon with a general cost of
100.000 to 200.000 USD.

In conclusion, although there are mixed opinions on determining whether space mining
is a beneficial activity that can justify its cost-effective result, I believe that investing in
such a field is wasteful and should not be adopted. {Not only can many substances be
artificially created in the lab nowadays, but also moving matter into the universe is very
expensive and could challenge even the largest resources on the planet.}

63. [Đề mới - Khó] Some people prefer to spend their lives doing the same things
and avoiding changes. Others, however, think that change is always a good thing.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.

Nặng về cho ví dụ - nhẹ nhàng, phù hợp nội dung bài

Discuss both views- mục tiêu: nhận định từ hai góc nhìn đối lập, sau đó đưa ra quan
điểm cá nhân.

Opening: Some people believe that changes in their lives should be avoided at all costs,
and spending their time doing the same activities should be embraced more.

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The preference for spending the entire lives with repetitive activities while avoiding any
alteration has become more prevalent among some groups of people.

Choosing to live a life without major changes and engaging in repetitive activities has
become more popular among some groups of people. Others, nevertheless, claim that
change always entails positivity and should be embraced more.

Spend-> Ving-> Spending an entire life avoiding significant changes and engaging
in repetitive activities has become a prevalent choice of a group of people.
Others, nevertheless, acknowledge the positivity of changes and suggest we
embrace them more. Although both schools of thought offer merit, I agree more
with the former/ latter perspective.

Adhere to a routine

Some people highly value the role of consistency and may adhere religiously to a set of
routine throughout their lives, while others prefer the chaotic implications that changes
bring about and recognize the inherent positivity in them. -> Khó viết, khiên cưỡng cho
learners. Both views may offer some benefits, but I would agree more with the latter/
former one.

Spending an entire life sticking up with routines and avoiding changes have become a
prevalent choice for many individuals. Others, nevertheless, think that changes are
inherently positive and we should embrace them more. Although both schools of
thought offer merit, I agree more with the former/ latter perspective.

Main - 2 đoạn body

Đoạn 1- tại sao người ta không thích thay đổi -> Giải thích
-Sợ rủi ro
-Thói quen
-Khó thích nghi
-Không muốn làm quen với cái mới
-Áp lực
-Habit
-Tốn thời gian
-Bản năng
-Sợ đối mặt
-Không cần thiết
-Enjoying the comfort zone
-ABCXYZ
Đoạn 2 - tại sao người ta thích thay đổi.

On the one hand, choosing to avoid changes and embrace stability have become a
prevalent lifestyle of many people due to the comfort that it may bring about. [On the
one hand, the preference for stability over chaos has become more prevalent due to

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some major reasons.] [On the one hand, stability is chosen over chaos due to the
reasons related to humans’ inherent characteristics.]

Công việc, tài chính

-> For example, a life-long career could help people accumulate experiences and gain
mastery over their fields, while financial stability can provide a high quality of living that
ensures the well-being of their families.
-> For instance, when a person can have a strong commitment to a particular job, they
can accumulate experiences that eventually make them an expert in their fields. Also,
financial stability can give people a projection of their future, easing their minds and
ensuring the well-being of their families.

On the one hand, stability is chosen over chaos due to the reasons related to humans’
inherent characteristics. When people stick to familiar routines and activities, they have
the opportunities to secure their finances and enhance the commitment to long-term
goals and relationships. For instance, a life-long career could translate into an
opportunity for workers to become an expert in their fields, while stability is needed in
the construction of any family, which can help family members secure their future with
more certainty.

On the one hand, stability is chosen over chaos due to the reasons related to
humans’ inherent characteristics. When a person sticks up with a predictable
routine, their mental health could be preserved better as their stress and anxiety
are not heightened. Also, a stable job and a solid lifestyle could help people make
a clear projection of objectives that they want to accomplish in their lives. For
instance, with life-long careers, workers can become an expert in a field, and the
accumulation of predictable finance could help people plan out their lives and the
lives of their loved ones more carefully.

On the one hand, stability is chosen over chaos due to the reasons related to humans’
inherent characteristics. A stable lifestyle and occupation could give people
predictability over objectives they want to accomplish in their lives, whether it is
financial, physical, or social goals. For instance, when a person can engage in only one
job throughout their life, they can accumulate enough knowledge to become an expert
in their field. This also means that they have a better chance to earn higher income
levels, benefiting themselves and their families.

[In the map of the school, the size of the football field is reduced, and then they use that
area to build a library.

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-> Abstract: A prominent area of the school has its size reduced to accommodate
educational facilities.]

On the one hand, stability is chosen over chaos due to the reasons related to humans’
inherent characteristics. Without stability, the bonds a person has with others, especially
their loved ones, would not be kept consistently, leading to the encounter with
problematic relationships that could inflict damage upon a person’s mental health. For
instance, a stable lifestyle could help people engage in relationships that are more
mentally healthy.

Avoiding uncertainties that are associated with any new venture.

If a person does not have a stable job, they do not accumulate a lot of income. As a
result, they would not manage to accomplish their goals in life, especially when it comes
to materialistic possessions. -> Sửa: The absence of a stable job would lead to
problems with accumulating income, making it hard for people to accomplish their goals
in life, especially ones that require money for possessions-> Tăng Cohesion &
Coherence -> CẦN LUYỆN TẬP NHIỀU

64. [Dangerous Sports] Some people think that governments should ban
dangerous sports, while others think people should have freedom to do any
sports or activity. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

Opinions are divided on whether extreme sports should be banned. I believe that people
should be allowed to play any sports or do any activity they like, I will explain why.

Granted, one might argue that there should be a ban on dangerous sports. This is
predicated on the assumption that any errors are likely to cause the death of the player,

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for example when he or she is skydiving. However, this line of reasoning is not sound
because it is impossible to decide which sport should be prohibited. This is because
protective equipment and training can significantly reduce the likelihood of accidents,
and it is not uncommon to see people who play seemingly danger-free sports like
soccer to be seriously injured or even die. The plausibility of enforcing such a ban
should also be factored in: no police officer would be willing to risk their lives trying to
prevent or arrest people who parachute off a mountain cliff or free-fall from a helicopter.

In addition to the impossibility of the brought forth ban, I am convinced that people
should be permitted to do any sport as they please as long as they understand the risks
involved and receive sufficient training. For example, those who attempt to try extreme
sports like deep ocean diving, skydiving or bungee jumping need to register with a club,
and beginners must be accompanied by an expert. They also need to be taught about
what to do when an accident occurs. With proper training and precautions, it is relatively
safe for people to play sports with a high degree of risk.

In conclusion, each sport always has an element of risk, and it is tricky to decide which
sport is too dangerous and should be prohibited as a result. I strongly feel that people
should be given the autonomy to participate in any sport or activity, provided that they
are aware of the risks involved and take appropriate precautions.

65. [06/07 Actual Test] Some people believe that all wild animals should be
protected. Others say that few wild animals should be protected instead. Discuss
both views and give your opinion.

Some individuals are of the belief that the protection of wild animals should be applied
for all known species, while others think that only a limited number of species should be
preserved. Both perspectives have valid arguments, and this essay will explore both
viewpoints before presenting a personal opinion.

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Context 1: Biodiversity has plunged dramatically in the past decades due to the
exploitation of human beings, especially when they initiate agricultural activities that
displace and alter the habitats of wild animals
Context 2: Many ecosystems around the world have recovered exceptionally in the past
decades due to the efforts of many governments to protect wildlife along with restoring
the living habitats of animals.

On the one hand, there are some reasons that explain why many people think that the
preservation of human beings should cover all wild animals. In this day and age,
humans’ agricultural activities have inflicted permanent damages upon the living
habitats of wild animals, causing displacement and even extinction. Eventually, this
would cause disruption in our food chains, endangering the source of food that our
society is heavily relying on. This is why we need to protect all wild animals, ensuring
that their proliferation is sustained and helping our future become more ecologically
stable.

[On the one hand, there are some reasons that explain why many people think that the
preservation of human beings should cover all wild animals. Nowadays, the increase in
population sizes has necessitated the demand for more food production, resulting in
more destruction to the living habitats of wild animals caused by agricultural activities.
As our ecosystem is an interconnected web of species, eventually our food chains
would be impacted, resulting in starvation and lower production. This is why all wild
animals deserve protection, ensuring not only their survival but also the proliferation of
our entire society.

[On the one hand, there are some reasons that explain why many people think that the
preservation of human beings should cover all wild animals. Due to the industrialization
of our economy, the release of pollutants and greenhouse gases has increased
exponentially, causing climate change. This would increase the temperature fluctuations
in many natural habitats of wild animals around the world, causing disruptions and
eventually extinctions. Without the protection of humans, our food chains would
eventually be affected, causing devastating impacts on our society.]

On the other hand, opponents of the previous view believe that preservation should only
be confined to some limited species. The protection of wild animals involves the work of
scientists using highly advanced machines along with the intensive contribution of labor.
Thus, it is undeniable that preserving only one type of animal can be extremely costly,
causing financial strains for any involved party. This is why some people think that there
should be a system that prioritizes the level of endangerment that each type of animal is
facing and diverts resources to the most urgent one first.

In conclusion, although there are mixed opinions on determining whether or not the
protection of wild animals should be inclusive to all types, I believe that striking a
balance is the optimal approach. While urgently endangered types should receive

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utmost attention, others that are living naturally in their habitats should not receive too
much attention that leads to wasting time and money.

66. [ Crime rate- rural - urban areas] Crime rate, in most countries, is often higher
in urban areas than in rural areas.
Why do you think that is?
What can be done to reduce the crime rate?

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Crime rates in most countries markedly vary among different areas, which suggests
different approaches in dealing with crime. Given that the crime rate is higher in
metropolitan areas than it is in rural ones, identifying the reasons behind this pattern is
key to finding the solutions.

There are a number of reasons why this pattern exists. First, since urban areas are
more ethnically diverse than rural ones, the likelihood of conflict leading to crime among
people with different values and belief systems is higher. For example, the greater lack
of familiarity and mutual understanding among individuals in urban areas can feasibly
get people into unnecessary fights, which potentially leads to crime. Second, since
metropolitan areas are more densely populated, citizens have to compete for limited
opportunities and scarce resources, leaving other individuals’ lives at stake. This means
that those who cannot compete with the other few successful would have a higher
tendency to commit crimes, even petty ones, just to make a living.

However, there are a great deal of solutions to diminish crime, in either big cities or rural
areas. It is likely that enforcing stricter punishments will act as a deterrent against the
motivation to commit crime. Realizing that the costs of breaking a law were higher,
every potential criminal would think twice. Moreover, since many offenses can be traced
back to the lack of understanding among people from different backgrounds, local
officials should organize more socio-cultural activities and gatherings to improve mutual
relationships and resolve conflicts. For example, although Toronto is the most
multicultural city in the world, crime rate is among the lowest thanks to such activities
and cultural events.

In conclusion, the fact that urban areas are more populous and diverse can explain the
pattern. By focusing on the differences among people and the law, crime rates in either
cities or rural areas will decline.

67. Some university students live with their families while studying, but others
prefer to move away from home. Do the benefits of moving out to attend
university outweigh the disadvantages?

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Verb-> Gerund -> Subject

Living with families during the time of being a student at university is a common option
for many individuals, while others have a preference for moving out and living
independently from their families. Personally, I believe that moving out would have more
benefits to offer than some limited and inevitable drawbacks.

Moving out -> being independent of families can offer what benefits?
- Be independent
- get more specific skills
- develop life skills
- more freedom and privacy
- time management
- self-protection self-care
- self-discipline
- budget management
On the one hand, the choice of moving away and living independently of families as a
university student could have some major benefits.

Đặt câu hỏi: Khi ở với gia đình, thì đa phần học sinh có chịu trách nhiệm về budget hay
không? Và khả năng họ phát triển social skills là thuận lợi hay không?

When the young live with their parents, they are shielded from the role of managing
money and handling real-life tasks. Unfortunately, this form of protection makes it
challenging for them to develop these vital skills. When they move away from their
families, they must handle their daily expenses and make calculations independently
that ensure their finances throughout the month. Also, encountering real-life issues and
devising solutions for them would enhance the problem-solving abilities of students.

The decision to either stay at home or move away for university can significantly shape
a student’s academic and personal experience. While both options come with distinct
advantages and challenges, the benefits of moving out to attend university, in many
cases, outweigh the disadvantages.

On the one hand, students who choose to live with their families may miss out on these
vital aspects of personal development. Since their families typically handle most
financial responsibilities, such as household expenses and groceries, these students
have fewer opportunities to learn about budgeting and managing finances. This lack of
financial autonomy can hinder their ability to develop self-reliance. Moreover, living at
home can limit a student’s social exposure. While they may engage with peers during
classes, they are less likely to participate in the social aspects of university life, such as
joining clubs or attending events. As a result, their social skills may not progress as
rapidly as those who live independently, possibly affecting their ability to adapt to
diverse environments in the future.

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On the other hand, moving out to attend university offers students a unique opportunity
to develop essential life skills, including financial responsibility. Without the support of
their families, students must manage their own budget, which is a critical life skill. By
learning to balance rent, utilities, food, and other expenses, they become more adept at
handling money, preparing them for independent adulthood. Additionally, living away
from home encourages students to immerse themselves in new social environments.
This shift promotes the development of social skills as they are compelled to interact
with diverse groups, join extracurricular activities, and build networks beyond their
familial circle. These experiences often lead to greater personal growth and adaptability.

In conclusion, while living with family during university provides comfort and financial
ease, the benefits of moving out, such as gaining financial independence and enhanced
social skills, seem to outweigh the drawbacks.

68. [Healthcare- Government - Citizens] Healthcare costs are increasing, and

many governments are finding it difficult to balance their healthcare budget.
Should citizens be responsible for their health with private health insurance, or

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should the government provide free healthcare for all? Discuss both views and
give your opinion?

1) With the ever-increasing surge in the cost of healthcare, balancing the healthcare
budget has become an increasingly challenging task for many governments.
2) As the cost of healthcare has consistently surged and already reached an
unprecedented level around the world, the responsibility of balancing the
healthcare budget has become exceptionally problematic for many governments.
[As = while/ in the way that]

3) The increase in the cost of healthcare has made it more challenging for the
government to balance their healthcare budget. Some people raise the question
that whether each citizen should cover the cost of their healthcare or the
government should be the main entity that bears this responsibility.
4) The cost of healthcare has reached unprecedented levels, making it
exceptionally problematic for many governments to balance the budget allocated
to this purpose. Some people raise the question that citizens should be the
parties that bear this financial responsibility, or the government should take on
these challenging tasks.
Although both schools of thought hold merit, I agree more with the former/latter
perspective [due to some reasons that are explained further in this essay.]
5) Due to the rising cost of healthcare that many nations are experiencing in this
day and age, covering this expenditure and balancing it with other expenses
have become more problematic for governments. Some people have questioned
whether this financial responsibility should be handled by the citizens, or should
the government take on this exceptionally challenging financial responsibility.
Although both views hold merit, my personal opinion expresses a stronger alignment
with the former/latter perspective.

Main - 2 paragraphs

Body 1 - giai thich loi ich cua viec moi nguoi dan tu tra tien bao hiem
1/ Tang cuong trach nhiem ca nhan
2/ Giam ganh nang cho ngan sach nha nuoc
3/ Cai thien chat luong dich vu
Body 2 - viet ve view loi ich khi chinh phu tra
1/ Bao dam tiep can dich vu y te cho moi nguoi
2/ Giam ganh nang tai chinh ca nhan
3/ Tang cuong suc khoe cong dong
4/ Thuc day kinh te
5/ Ho tro nguoi cao tuoi unemployed va khong con nguoi than
Conclusion: Dua ra quan diem ca nhan
On the one hand, there are some major rationales that support the claim that each
citizen should cover the cost of their healthcare.

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[On the one hand, the endorsement towards calling each citizen to be personally
responsible for covering their healthcare rests on some major rationales.]

[When people are personally responsible for the cost of their health, they would be more
conscious of protecting their well-being. They would engage more in physical exercises,
which could lead to the relief of financial burden that is haunting many governments] ->
Câu này yếu, nên thêm context.

1/ As the number of patients increases along with the population size and the
degradation of our living environment, the amount of financial burden that each
government must handle has reached a critical point. This means many patients would
have access to the desirable level of care that they wish. Thus, if each person is
responsible for the cost of their healthcare, the burden on the government could be
relieved, while each person could enjoy the care that they think is appropriate for their
conditions.

2/ In this day and age, as the number of patients increases due to the expansion of our
population combined with environmental pollution, the demand for healthcare has
soared, making it challenging for the government to deliver the best care possible to
each individual. Thus, if each citizen is personally responsible for their healthcare
expenses, the burden on the government could be relieved, while the best care could
be delivered to each person according to their preference and financial conditions.

3/ As the government has already been responsible for the cost of healthcare of senior
individuals and ones who are receiving social welfare due to their difficulties, a critical
point that may eventually turn into a collapse in their budget has already been imminent.
If the government needs to expand the coverage to all citizens, the cost could be
overwhelming, causing a devastating collapse that hurts the entire population. Thus, the
concept that each citizen who is financially capable should cover the cost of their
healthcare is rational and plausible.

4/ The coverage of the government regarding the cost of health often carries a mandate
that each citizen must follow a predetermined procedure to get access to healthcare.
This means that it would take a prolonged period of time to receive care that is at the
desirable level of patients. Thus, if each person can be personally responsible for the
cost of their care, they can gain access to any service they want immediately based on
their financial conditions. -> HAY

On the other hand, opponents of the previous view believe that the government should
be collectively responsible for the cost of healthcare of all citizens. The concept of being
personally responsible for healthcare costs could lead to inequality in accessing
healthcare. This means that people from disadvantageous socio-economic backgrounds
would not have the financial conditions to get the support that is needed in a critical
manner. As a result, if the government can directly cover the cost of healthcare
effectively, they can ensure that vulnerable individuals still get the help they want, while

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their political and legislative powers could act as a controller over the medical fee that
each institution demands for.

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69. [ Provide services for children of preschool age ] Some people think that
childcare centers provide the best services for children of preschool age. Other
working parents think that family members such as grandparents will be better
careers for their kids.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.

Due to the ever-increasing living costs, both parents in most families have to return to
their work or find employment several months after giving birth to their child. This has
heightened public interest in whether they should leave their young one with close
relatives or rely on day care centers for childcare. I believe that childcare professionals
offer a better overall service.

Granted, one might argue that parents in full-time employment should leave their young
ones in the hands of grandparents and siblings during working hours. The choice is
believed to give busy parents peace of mind because they know that their child will be
safer with someone in the family. However, this line of reasoning is not sound because
child molestation counter-intuitively is often committed by close relatives rather than
strangers, according to some surveys. Furthermore, they may resort to violence or
verbal abuse when dealing with so-called intractable children in the name of ‘tough
love’, In addition to potential physical and mental harm, this style of child rearing
renders children predisposed to use violence if they have to resolve conflicts in their
lives later on. This perpetuates the vicious cycle of such a self-evidently toxic, inherently
harmful child rearing practice.

To add further credence to my assertion, I note that even though most kin do have
some past experience in childcare, they are not trained enough to understand the
minutia involved in how to bring up a child like childcare professionals - who received
years of training in child rearing. In fact, many grandparents in Vietnam give their
grandchild small toys to play with, not knowing that he or she could swallow them and
get choked. Such a practice is strictly prohibited in childcare centers. Nurses and
teachers in these institutions are also trained to discipline young children without having
to use violence. This unequivocally creates a safe and healthy environment for children
to grow up.

In conclusion, it is a better choice for parents to send their kids to daycare institutions
given the high level of service provided in these places.

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70. Museums and art galleries should concentrate on works that show the history
and culture of their own country rather than works of other parts of the world. To
what extent do you agree or disagree?

Nháp [Each museum or art show has a different focus: some place significant emphasis
on national works, but some show an eclectic mix of cultures around the world. I believe
that each theme is important in its own way and appealing to a certain group of visitors.
Therefore, I disagree with the idea that all museums and art galleries should focus on
exhibiting relics, artifacts and artworks representing their countries’ history and culture.

Granted, some museums and art centers should pay more attention to artifacts and
works of art of their own nations rather than those of other cultures. The comprehensive
nature of such exhibits can attract foreign visitors who want to learn about an alien
culture. Local people can also gain more insights into their own countries’ history. A
good example of this approach is that of the Vietnam Museum of Ethnology, which
annually attracts millions of both foreign and domestic visits. Most visitors gave positive
responses regarding the organization of and exclusive focus on artifacts representing
each ethnic minority group in Vietnam. Thus, this theme can promote the culture of the
country to overseas friends, while instilling patriotism and national identity in local
nations.]
The role of museums and art galleries is often debated regarding whether they should
focus solely on the history and culture of their own country or embrace works from
around the globe. While national history is important, I disagree with the idea that
museums should concentrate only on domestic works.

Admittedly, it is crucial for museums and galleries to prioritize works that reflect the
history and culture of their own country. These institutions serve as custodians of a
nation’s heritage, and by showcasing local art and historical artifacts, they reinforce a
sense of national identity and pride. This focus helps citizens, especially younger
generations, connect with their roots and understand the cultural milestones that
shaped their society. For example, Vietnam’s museums often emphasize artifacts from
its long history of resistance and independence, which fosters a deeper appreciation for
the sacrifices made by previous generations.

However, the argument that museums should exclusively focus on national works fails
to consider the broader educational value of global art and history. Exhibiting works
from other parts of the world encourages cross-cultural understanding, which is
increasingly important in today’s interconnected world. Exposure to international art
fosters creativity, innovation, and empathy by showing visitors alternation perspectives
and cultural expressions.

Nevertheless, this does not say that national works should be sidelined. A refined
approach would be to maintain a strong foundation in national history and culture, while

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also integrating international works selectively to provide global context. This balance
ensures that museums serve both as a repository of national heritage and as a window
to the wider world, making them more relevant and enriching for visitors.
In conclusion, I disagree with the idea that museums should focus exclusively on their
own country’s history and culture. Instead, I believe a balanced approach that highlights
national heritage while also incorporating global works would provide a richer, more
comprehensive cultural experience.

71. The use of mobile phones is as antisocial as smoking. Smoking is banned in

certain places so mobile phones should be banned like smoking.

To what extent do you agree or disagree?

1. It is true the use of cell phones has gained in popularity over the past few decades,
making a paradigm shift in the lifestyle of everyone. Although some might suggest
banning mobile phones like cigarettes due to their presumably antisocial effects, the Commented [3]: Mình dùng presumably vì nếu không
suggestion is groundless and should not be implemented. dùng tức là mình chấp
nhận nó là sự thật. Tuy nhiên đây chưa chắc đã là sự
2. Mobile phones have become an indispensable part of modern life, yet their use in thật.
certain situations has sparked debates over their social implications. Some argue that
mobile phone use is as disruptive as smoking and should be restricted in specific
settings. This essay aims to discuss why mobile phone use does not warrant the same
level of restriction as smoking.

1. There are a number of reasons why mobile phones are not as antisocial as smoking.
First, people, rather than mobile phones, are the factor that ultimately decide whether or
not to engage in antisocial behaviors. In fact, there are plenty of mobile phone users
who are even more prosocial than non-users, suggesting an insignificant causal
relationship between mobile phones and antisocial behaviors. Second, mobile phones Commented [4]: – là một cách
should not be compared to smoking as they are two distinct products. While cigarettes viết rất học thuật mà bạn nên tham khảo, ý nói “cái này
không
use chemical compounds to directly influence smokers’ lungs, mobile phones have phải nguyên nhân gây ra cái kia”.
nothing to do with chemicals.
2. Granted, one might argue that mobile phones, much like smoking, can be intrusive
and cause discomfort to others in shared spaces. For instance, loud phone
conversations can disturb others in libraries, theaters, or public transportation, creating
an environment of frustration similar to second-hand smoke's unpleasantness.
However, this line of reasoning is not sound as it fails to consider the contextual and
non-physical nature of mobile phone disturbances. Unlike smoking, which has
scientifically proven harmful effects on health, mobile phone use does not pose physical
risks to bystanders. Thus, comparing the two is an overgeneralization that ignores the
fundamentally different impact of these activities.

1. Another compelling reason to not ban mobile phones is that they are necessary to
daily life. First, using mobile phones is one of the most efficient and inexpensive ways to
communicate with others. Before the appearance of mobile phones, delivering a
message from one location to another would require physical travels, costing

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unnecessary time, effort and money. In addition, mobile phones have functions that Commented [5]: CTA: Temporal Contrast Analysis
enable users to keep contacts easily, thereby promoting social behaviors and
strengthening social connections. For example, people are more likely to lose important
contacts and might even forget one another if they do not use mobile phones.

2. Unlike smoking, which has no broader societal benefits, mobile phones serve as
crucial tools for communication, learning, and emergencies. Restricting their use entirely
in public spaces would be impractical and counterproductive. For example, parents may
need to check on their children, or individuals may rely on navigation apps to find their
way. While thoughtful policies can minimize disruptive usage, an outright ban akin to
smoking is an excessive measure that disregards the diverse and positive roles mobile
phones play in modern life.

In conclusion, since mobile phones have nothing to do with antisocial effects and
smoking, they should not be prohibited. If any, the net advantage of using mobile Commented [6]: = advantages - disadvantages
phones is still too high to consider banning.

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72. Nowadays, more and more people decide to have children later in their life.
What are the reasons? Do advantages of this outweigh disadvantages?

Bài này thuộc dạng nửa two-part nửa advantages/dis nên mình hài hoà một chút bằng
cách chia 2 đoạn. 1 đoạn nói về reasons, đoạn kia nói về advantages/dis.

Như bạn để ý, ideas ở trên hoàn toàn gần gũi với chúng ta. Không có gì quá to tát cả.
Những thứ mình viết ở trên phần plan hoàn toàn là thứ xuất hiện ngay trong đầu mình.
Phần GS như bạn có thể thấy, hầu như không khác gì bài trước ở mấy cụm từ như
kiểu new trend, recent decades.

Lại một lần nữa, bài này mình sẽ dùng từ cực kỳ đơn giản dễ hiểu để bạn thấy được
organization và sự clear quan trọng thế nào. Và bạn cũng có thể làm được và đạt 7.5
Writing mà không cần đến vốn từ vựng khủng. Giờ việc bạn cần làm là “Điền vào ô”

Thành quả:

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In recent decades, having children later in life has become a growing trend for many
reasons. Although the trend is not without disadvantages, the upsides can justify these.

There are a number of reasons leading to this trend. First, in order to compete in the job
market, many couples choose to fully invest time, effort and money in their careers. It is
clear that delaying parenthood enables couples to work longer hours and with higher
commitment, which results in better salaries and wages. Second, many young people
nowadays understand the magnitude of child rearing responsibility. For example,
feeding babies and teaching them require a great deal of patience and hard work, which
discourages many would-be parents.

There are also advantages and disadvantages of this trend. As for the downside, giving
birth later in life does pose certain health risks that might affect a woman’s health as
well as her baby’s health. That said, although older women have an increased risk of
having a child with a birth defect, the probability is still slim. Nevertheless, those who
delay starting a family can have time to get more jobs done, either at work or in life,
making them happier overall. In fact, studies have shown that people who have the time
to do and travel more when they are young have a higher level of happiness than those
who do not.

In conclusion, the sacrifices of starting a family at a young age are too overwhelming
compared to they are otherwise. Young couples should also consider their own situation
to make the best decision.

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73. Some people think that it is good for a country’s culture to broadcast foreign Commented [7]: thay cho "some people", đi vào chi tiết
films and TV shows. Others, however, think it is best to produce local films and hơn.
shows. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. Commented [8]: comes at the expense of là cách nói
hay hơn và nhẹ hơn cause
harm to/damage vì nó ám chỉ sự được mất => Cụm từ
In recent decades, movies and TV series have been imported at an ever-increasing ghi điểm
rate, causing some public controversy. Although some traditionalists believe that this Commented [9]: movies/films
development comes at the expense of a country’s culture, plenty of evidence suggests
Commented [10]: Một số bạn ít vốn từ hơn sẽ hay viết
that the opposite is true. kiểu "movies can best
show what a culture is like". Nếu bạn có thêm vốn từ về
There are a number of reasons why local films and shows benefit a culture. First, lĩnh vực
này các bạn sẽ hiểu được rằng mình ko phức tạp hoá
motion pictures are an effective way to crystalize and project the intangible element of a vấn đề mà
culture. Therefore, if local films and shows are the primary focus, viewers would find it chỉ đi sâu vào chi tiết "the intangible element of
culture". "Are/is
easier to assimilate the beliefs, values and assumptions of a culture, which can be an effective way" là một cụm hay. Thay thế cho "Can"
difficult to achieve by the use of written form. Second, producing more local films will ở trường
enrich the cultural library. For example, since local programs are abundant in India, the hợp này.
Indian culture appears more vivid and unique than other cultures with fewer local films Commented [11]: Một số bạn có thể sẽ viết là "if local
produced. films and shows are
produced". Như vậy cũng ko sao nhưng nghe khá thiếu
linh hoạt.
On the other hand, imported movies and TV series bring a lot of advantages to a local => Chuyển thành "are the primary focus"
culture. First, thanks to foreign programs, local ones become more distinguishable and Commented [12]: beliefs, values and assumptions. 3 cái
thus appreciable, especially in the eyes of local residents. In fact, if one never watched này là cấu tạo của một
culture. Nếu bạn show đc 3 cái này ra, người chấm sẽ
other countries’ programs, he or she would be susceptible to taking his or her culture for biết là bạn
granted. Second, by getting new ideas from overseas, a local culture will obtain the hiểu về chủ đề này.
opportunity to fix its existing flaws and therefore get perfected. For instance, South Commented [13]: Một lần nữa, đã là ví dụ thì phải nêu
Korean culture has fewer flaws than North Korean one because it is more open to new ra được kết quả thì mới
là ví dụ valid. Nếu chỉ viết "Local programs are
ideas in the form of foreign films. abundant in India"
thì ví dụ này không chứng minh được idea ở trên. Đây
In conclusion, solely focusing on producing local films and shows will do more harm là lỗi rất
hay gặp khi mình chấm bài. Nhiều bạn ko nêu kết quả.
than good. Local officials should also recognize the benefits of purchasing foreign
movies in preserving their culture. Commented [14]: Be susceptible to là một cụm từ rất
hay
Commented [15]: Chú ý cách dùng "From overseas" là
đúng ngữ pháp.
Overseas phải có "s" ở cuối
Commented [16]: Lưu ý ở đây là Get perfected chứ
không phải get perfect.
Nghĩa khác hoàn toàn nhau. Get perfected nghĩa là get
improved,
get perfect nghĩa là trở nên hoàn hảo.

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74. It is possible to help all people in the world, so governments should only
focus on people in their own countries. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

It is true that some governments of developed nations choose to engage in foreign

affairs in different areas. Although some [1] believe that people inside the country are
the ones who need the most help from the governments, governments still cannot
ignore people from the rest of the world.

It is clear that many countries in the world still have not recognized fundamental human
rights. First, citizens of those countries are deprived of their freedom [2] and are
oppressed in many inhumane ways [3]. Many Vietnamese dissidents [4], for example,
were sentenced to death by the Vietnamese authority[5], which could have been saved Commented [17]: [1] some = some people, nên dùng
"some" để tránh rườm rà và tránh gây confuse với từ
if the US government had tried to prevent that from happening.[6] Second, since "people" khác ở trong câu đó luôn.
citizens of those countries are not armed and lack negotiating power, they are unable to [2] Bạn có thể viết là lack of freedom, nhưng nếu muốn
claim their democracy back. By using diplomatic pressure [7] to negotiate the terms, the academic hơn có thể dùng từ "be deprive of"
[3] nhiều bạn chỉ viết đến đoạn freedom hoặc cùng lắm
governments from developed nations allow citizens from overseas to influence their own là oppressed. Nhưng mình khuyến khích nên đi vào chi
governments in the policy-making process. [8] tiết hơn 1 tẹo. => Thêm cụm in many inhumane ways.
[4] Ở đây có thể bạn sẽ chỉ viết là Many Vietnamese /
many Vietnamese citizens. Không sai nhưng chưa đủ
It has been true in many cases that prolonged poverty cannot be solved without the specific. Nên thay citizens thành dissidents, tăng điểm
assistance from foreign governments. One product of poverty is hunger, causing vocab của bạn.
[9]millions of deaths all around the world every year. If outside governments had [5] Authority có thể thay thế từ government trong một
số trường hợp và trường hợp này là NÊN vì "authority"
stepped in and provided financial assistance, those lives would have been saved. [10] gợi ý nghĩa về quyền lực và hơi hơi có tính negative.
In addition to financial support, governmental organizations can help provide the [6] Điều kiện loại 3. Một số bạn sẽ viết là Could be
education and skills for those citizens. Plenty of evidence suggests [11] that the most saved. Nhưng đúng nhất phải là "could have been
saved.". Ở đây nói đến sự kiện ĐÃ xảy ra và có thể đã
effective way to overcome poverty is education. được thay đổi (ám chỉ sự tiếc nuối)=> Ôn lại 3 câu điều
kiện.
In conclusion, governments cannot ignore people living in distress from the rest of the [7] Diplomatic pressure -> cụm từ ghi điểm
[8] influence their own governments in the policy
world. [12] By providing education and financial support, citizens around the world making process -> nếu bạn viết được cụm này trong
would be able to live a better life. bài thi, họ sẽ biết bạn có đọc nhiều tài liệu tiếng Anh.
[9] Relative pronouns rút gọn -> Dùng V-ing
[10] Lại là câu điều kiện loại 3 (ám chỉ sự tiếc nuối)
[11] Cụm Plenty of evidence suggests chỉ nên dùng khi
Đoạn 1 nói về human rights: 2 vấn đề: lack of freedom và lack of democracy điều bạn chứng minh đã được công nhận rộng rãi. Bạn
Đoạn 2 nói về poverty: 2 vấn đề: Hunger và lack of education. không nên dùng trong tất cả mọi trường hợp vì sẽ
nghe khá weird.
Nếu mình đọc bài viết của bạn mình cũng muốn bài viết của bạn clear như vậy. Câu [12] Như thường lệ, câu đầu của Conclusion luôn được
nào ra câu đấy, đúng theo 2552. dùng để khẳng định lại ý kiến của bạn.
[13] Câu closing sentence hoặc tóm tắt lại những ý ở
trên một cách rất ngắn gọn hoặc dùng để đóng câu.

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Bài essay cùng topic với thầy Đặng Trần Tùng:

[Sample] Rich countries often give money to poorer countries, but it does not solve poverty.
Therefore, developed countries should give other types of help to poor countries rather than
financial aid.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
It is believed that funding disbursed from wealthy nations to poorer ones has no effect on
poverty, and thus other forms of assistance should be provided instead of money. I believe it
would be myopic- hẹp hòi, ngắn hạn to dismiss foreign aid as entirely ineffective when it comes
to poverty alleviation. I also contend that while it is true alternative ways to support poor nations
should be explored, money has and will continue to be the most viable form of help.

When examining the economic deprivation that is rampant in many parts of the world in relation
to the sheer amount of aid that is reportedly doled out every year, one could understandably
jump to the conclusion that money does nothing to solve poverty. However, this way of thinking
is fraught with errors. First of all, classifying nations as either 'rich' or 'poor' is an obsolete way to
think about the state of their economy. Most countries occupy a spot on a spectrum of wealth
that should be understood by income groups. In the past century, many nations who were
recipients of foreign aid did advance from a lower to a higher income bracket, despite not yet
being able to call themselves 'wealthy' (certainly in comparison with the "vast ocean of material
prosperity" that their benefactors enjoy). These success stories are abundant in South East
Asia, for example, where nations like Vietnam, Indonesia and Thailand, which used to be firmly
counted among the poor parts of the world, now boast robust economies and vastly improved
standards of living. Granted, in these specific countries, or any other region that has not yet
earned the label 'prosperous' or 'developed' for that matter, one could still find examples of
abject poverty - towns where local residents' access to basic amenities like water, electricity or
schooling remains severely limited - and this could create an outsized impression of what little
aid has done to lift these countries out of poverty. However, it is important to look at the bigger
economic picture and realize that, by all accounts, aid has been a force for good in depressed
economies.

That is not to say giving money to poor countries is an unimpeachable way to help them - there
is in fact no shortage of problems with the logistics of sending and receiving and spending
foreign aid. One could cite corrupt governments, for example, as one of the agents that would
dampen the efficacy of aid in less developed countries. On this count, I agree, at least in
principle, that other forms of support like technology exchange or coaching for leaders should
be available to poor nations. However, in practice, these theoretically more practical types of
support take years to have any effect, not to mention the fact that they are notoriously difficult to

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deploy owing to such complications as regional political tensions or lack of personnel on the
Commented [18]: [1] Advice luôn luôn ở dạng không
ground. Furthermore, most developed nations do not have a dedicated team or bureau that is in đếm được. Giống như
charge of physically distributing aid; they apportion taxpayers' money to established Knowledge và information.
organizations like IMF or UN and these intermediaries then use the resources that they pool to
work with poor countries. At the end of the day, it is widely understood that help is needed, but [2] Luôn luôn viết là "the Internet", i viết hoa.
to assume that it can easily take any other form than money is wishful thinking.
[3] "There will be a good chance that" nói đến xác suất
xảy ra sẽ
In conclusion, I am convinced that the positive impact that foreign aid has had on poor countries lớn hơn. Đây là một cụm từ khách quan khá hữu dụng.
is well-documented, and evidence of persisting economic depression in certain places in the
world should not be viewed as the basis to think otherwise. Giving money is not without [4] Kết quả!
problems, but nevertheless, money remains the most fluid form of help that poor countries can [5] Tailor ở đây nghĩa nôm na là "điều chỉnh cho phù
rely on. hợp với từng
75. Doctors should be responsible for educating their patients about how to hoàn cảnh". Một từ hay và gọn.
improve their health. Do you agree with this?
[6] Equipment luôn ở dạng không đếm được. Giống
In recent years, the question of who should take the responsibility in educating the Staff
public on healthcare has become a topic of discussion. Although patients can educate
[7] Một cách viết rất học thuật. Bạn có thể viết là can
themselves on this subject, doctors should still be ones who hold the most never
responsibility. replace doctors. Nhưng để chứng tỏ khả năng viết học
thuật của
bạn. Hãy dùng "Can never be close (a) substitute(s)
One of the most compelling reasons is that doctors are the only ones who are qualified to". Nghĩa
to provide knowledge to patients. First, since every doctor has to go through rigorous giống nhau nhưng sounds much better!
education and training, his or her advice [1] is more truthful than other sources of
[8] Also, tăng coherence cho 2 BODY
information. In fact, if patients educate themselves using the Internet [2] or books, there
will be a good chance [3] that they encounter misinformation or bad advice, which can [9] Ở đây mình đi vào chi tiết. Directly nghĩa là nhận
be detrimental to their health.[4] Second, not two patients’ health situations are the tiền trực tiếp, Indirectly ở đây cũng vẫn là nhận tiền
nhưng thông qua, for
same, therefore only doctors can tailor [5] their advice to their patients individually. example, government.
Since specialized equipment is needed [6] for diagnosis, the Internet, books and other
sources of information can never be close substitutes [7] to doctors when it comes to [10] Inherently ở đây nghĩa là "~vốn dĩ". "People from
Wall Street
education. are inherently smart, therefore smartness are not
something
Doctors should also hold the responsibility [8] because they receive money from their special there".
patients, either directly or indirectly [9]. Since this is a business transaction, doctors [11] Hãy tập thói quen luôn dùng dấu phẩy sau
inherently have to fulfill their services, which [11] also involve education to patients. If WHICH. Which ở
doctors did not educate patients to improve their health, money would be channeled into trường hợp này bổ nghĩa cho Services số nhiều, cho
nên V đi sau
[12] other entities that can fulfill the same responsibility. Furthermore, as a highly nó (involve) không có "s". Trong nhiều trường hợp
respected profession [13], doctors need to transcend their regular duties [14]. For khác WHICH
instance, doctors should teach not only [15] their patients, but also the general public, bổ nghĩa cho CẢ CỤM đi trước nó, V sẽ không có "s".
especially those who cannot afford medical services. [12] Channelled into, một cụm từ khá hình tượng và
học thuật.
In conclusion, educating patients about how to improve their health should be one of Nghĩa là "tiền sẽ được CHUYỂN HƯỚNG sang chỗ
khác".
many responsibilities [16] of doctors. This practice will benefit not only patients but also
doctors themselves.[17] [13] Doctors hay lawyer là những "Highly respected
professions".
Bạn nên nhớ cụm này nhé. Đừng paraphrase nó.

[14] "Transcend their regular duties" >> Go beyond

their jobs.
... [1]

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76. One long-distance flight consumes fuel which a car uses in several year’s
time, but they cause the same amount of pollution. So some people think that we
should discourage non-essential flights, such as tourist travel, rather than to limit
the use of cars. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Đề bài zô ziên - một cái máy bay chở bao nhiêu người mà so sánh với một cái xe duy
nhất. Khó chịu vô cùng.

Cần có background knowledge.

TIẾT MỤC HÓA HỌC

MẶC DÙ chỉ đóng góp 2-3% khí thải CO2, nhưng gây 4-4.5% climate change.

Máy bay thải ra NOx -> No No2. tạo ra các gốc OH, tác dụng với O3 trong khí quyển.

OH + CH4 -> CH3 + H2O

tạo ra chuỗi phản ứng : CH3 + O2 -> Ch2O (free radical) + OH
CH2O + OH -> HCO + H2O
HCO + OH -> CO + H2O
CO + Oh -> CO2 + H (free radical)

Câu tủ chống lại air travel: Air travel significantly contributes to climate change
by emitting CO2 and nitrogen oxides (NOx) at high altitudes, which leads to the
formation of ozone, a potent greenhouse gas, and increases stratospheric water
vapor, both of which exacerbated global warming. The impact of these high altitude
emissions is more severe than ground-level pollution because they have a longer
atmospheric lifetime and stronger warming effects.

TIẾT MỤC KINH TẾ

Đóng góp của du lịch

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Maldives’ GDP -> 39%

ITALY -> 13%
FRANCE -> 20%

The use of airplanes for tourism is indispensable for the economic growth of numerous
countries. To illustrate, international tourists contribute to 13% of Italy’s GDP, and this
figure can reach up to 40% in other nations. If air travel were to be discouraged, it would
result in substantial income losses for many individuals, potentially leading to increased
poverty and a decline in living standards. Moreover, a reduction in airplane usage would
likely prompt a greater reliance on car travel, which in turn would exacerbate traffic
congestion and air pollution in urban areas, adding more issues to already problematic
living conditions of city dwellers.

The debate surrounding the environmental impact of air travel versus car usage is a
pressing issue in today’s world. Long-distance flights are known to consume an
enormous amount of fuel, comparable to what a car might use over several years, and
they generate a significant amount of pollution. Some argue that non-essential flights,
particularly for tourism, should be discouraged in favor of promoting car usage. While
this perspective has its merits, it is important to consider the broader implications of
such a policy.

Air travel is indispensable for the economic growth of numerous countries. For
instance, international tourists contribute to 13% of Italy’s GDP, and in some nations,
this figure can reach up to 40%. Discouraging air travel would result in substantial
income losses for many individuals, potentially leading to increased poverty and a
decline in living standards. This economic downturn could have far-reaching
consequences, including reduced funding for public services and infrastructure,
which are critical for maintaining and improving the quality of life. Moreover, a
reduction in airplane usage would likely prompt a greater reliance on car travel. This
shift could exacerbate traffic congestion and air pollution in urban areas, adding more
issues to the already problematic living conditions of city dwellers. Cities are already
struggling with overcrowded roads and high levels of air pollution, and an increase in
car usage would only intensify these problems. Therefore, while reducing air travel
might decrease high-altitude emissions, it could inadvertently increase ground-level
pollution and associated health problems.

On the environmental front, air travel significantly contributes to climate change by

emitting CO2 and nitrogen oxides (NOx) at high altitudes. These emissions lead to the
formation of ozone, a potent greenhouse gas, and increase stratospheric water vapor,
both of which exacerbate global warming. The impact of these high-altitude emissions
is more severe than ground-level pollution because they have a longer atmospheric
lifetime and stronger warming effects. Therefore, the environmental argument for
reducing air travel is compelling. However, solely focusing on discouraging non-
essential flights overlooks the potential for technological advancements and policy

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measures that can mitigate the environmental impact of aviation. For example,
investment in more fuel-efficient aircraft, the development of sustainable aviation
fuels, and the implementation of carbon offset programs can significantly reduce the
carbon footprint of air travel. Encouraging airlines to adopt these measures, rather
than outright discouraging air travel, could strike a balance between economic needs
and environmental protection.

In conclusion, while the environmental impact of air travel is undeniably significant,

discouraging non-essential flights may not be the most effective solution. The
economic ramifications and the potential increase in car usage and ground-level
pollution must be carefully considered. Instead, a more balanced approach that
includes technological innovation and stricter environmental regulations for the
aviation industry might provide a more sustainable solution. Therefore, I partially
agree with the idea of discouraging non-essential flights but believe that a
multifaceted strategy would be more beneficial in the long run.
77. Some people say that too much attention and too many resources are given to
the protection of wild animals and birds. Do you agree or disagree with this
opinion?

Some people are of the opinion that the preservation of wildlife and the conservation of
animals and birds have received excessive attention and investment. Personally, I
disagree with this suggestion based on some major reasons that are now further
discussed in the following essay.

Para 1 - Tất cả là do con người.

The major reason that explains why investment in preservation and conservation of
birds and animals is never enough is because their endangerment is directly caused by
human activities. It is true that human activities are often a direct threat to the stability of
our ecosystem because agricultural activities require the alteration of the environment,
while many industrial processes require the extraction of resources. These activities
have permanently damaged many living habitats of animals and birds, causing
displacement and eventually extinction. As a result, investing in the preservation of
these species is not only an optional choice but a mandatory responsibility for human
beings.

Para 2 - Việc này không làm sẽ ảnh hưởng trực tiếp tới con người.

Another reason that disproves the notion that too much money has been spent on
preserving animals and birds stems from the fact that outcomes are still bleak, while
there are already severe problems that human beings are facing. Our ecosystem is not
sporadic components sticking up together, but an intertwined network where every
species is interconnected. Specifically, the extinction or reductions in the number of an
animal or a bird would directly decrease agricultural production as they play vital roles
as pollinators and distributors of seeds. Also, there has been research specifically

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detailing the massive reduction in the biodiversity of many locations around the planet.
All these pieces of evidence make it persuasive to state that human efforts are still not
adequate in the process of preserving and protecting birds and animals \

In conclusion, although there is resistance from some people when it comes to

allocating money to the process of preserving and conserving animals and birds, I
believe that these opinions are not grounded in reality and should be dismissed. Not
only are our activities directly the causes of reduced biodiversity, but also if our efforts
fail to protect animals, our future generations would not experience a sustainable living
environment.

78. University students should pay the full cost of their studies because a
university education benefits individuals rather than society as a whole. To what
extent do you agree or disagree?

Some individuals are of the opinion that paying the entire tuition fee for university
education should be the responsibility of each student because they are the direct
beneficiary of such educational journeys, and society should bear any responsibility.
Personally, I partly agree with this suggestion based on some reasons that are further
discussed in the following essay.

On the one hand, there are some rationales that explain why each student should be
responsible for paying their entire tuition cost rather than requiring societal support. In
this day and age, all universities are subject to rigorous requirements that demand them
to invest heavily in facilities, teaching programs, and even human resources. These
standardized requirements mean to improve the outcome that each student receives,
boosting their chance of earning substantial income in the future. Thus, covering all
these expenses may have become overwhelming to many universities, meaning that
this would not be a sustainable development. As a result, it is rational to support the
solution that each student should handle their full cost of education rather than asking
for support from the school or their governments.

Despite the idealistic nature of such a proposal, its actual application, on the other hand,
could bring about detrimental implications that each student and society could
experience. Setting a financial requirement to enter schools could effectively prohibit the
entrance for students with exceptional academic backgrounds who lack good financial
backing from their families. As the ability to make money is not a responsibility for
people under 18 years old, it is entirely unjust to disqualify them for university education
based on the conditions that are not controlled by them. If this measure is going to be
implemented, many talented individuals would not have the capability to contribute to
the nations’ future workforce, taking away both their chance and the potential they have
to the country.

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In conclusion, although there are controversial opinions on determining whether or not

university education should put the entire financial responsibility on the shoulders of
each student, I believe that striking a balance between both parties could be a highly
effective solution. While students with a good socio-economic background who could
afford their tuition should handle the full cost, exceptional talents with limited resources
from their families should have the support from not only their schools but also the
governments.

79. Some countries have introduced laws to limit working hours for employees.
Why are these laws introduced? Do you think they are a positive or negative
development?

In many nations, limiting the number or hours that each worker can work in a week has
become a prevalent approach that receives great media attention. In this essay, I would
explain why this approach has become widely popular before stating whether or not it is
beneficial or detrimental to society and workers.

There are some reasons that explain why controlling the maximum number of working
hours has become a common practice in some nations. In this day and age, the
pressure of working has become unbearable to many workers as it is not only physically
demanding but also extremely taxing on people’s mental well-being. Their works are
often entitled a network of responsibilities, and many workers have reported a
significant increase in the intensity and frequency of mental illness. Thus, cutting down
their working hours and forcing them to take a break could result in an unexpected
boost in working productivity as employees are revitalized and work more effectively.
This is why many nations have implemented a strict restriction in terms of maximum
working time in a week.

This measure, despite possessing both disadvantages and advantages, has an

overwhelming positive side and should be adopted more widely around the world.
Although cutting down the number of hours could initially plunge the productivity of the
whole establishment and cause difficulty for workers who are willing to engage more in
working, this approach would have long-term benefits. First, employees could set up a
renting strategy that is more flexible, which helps cut down on their operational costs.
Many offices have allowed other firms to rent their places during the time when most
employees are taking a break. Second, the recovery that each employee is entitled to
helps improve job satisfaction, which positively contributes to reducing the turnover rate,
increasing commitment, and eventually making the firms more productive.

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In conclusion, although there are controversial opinions on determining whether or not

restricting the number of working hours is a good strategy given their increasing
popularity in some nations around the world, I endorse this approach. Not only can this
measure lead to higher job satisfaction and boost productivity, but also it could help
save the operational cost, which has been persistently taxing from a financial
perspective.

80. In many countries, people now wear western clothes such as suits and jeans
rather than traditional clothing. Why is this the case? Is this a positive or negative
development?

A lot of nations around the world have witnessed a common trend in the preference for
clothing as traditional outfits gradually lose their popularity, while western clothes
become increasingly prevalent. In this essay, I would explore some of the major
reasons that lead to this development before stating whether or not this trend is positive
or negative.

There are some major reasons that explain why wearing Western-style clothes has
become the norm in many nations around the world. Clothing and the preference of
clothes are interconnected and are part of the whole culture, meaning that cultural
influence could be the hidden force behind this development. As people are increasingly
attracted to Western culture due to their dominance on movies, magazines, music, and
ultimately the whole cultural landscape, they are gradually becoming consumed with the
values attached to these cultural products. Also, traditional clothes are not taken
seriously and preserved aggressively, making their exposure to the public sporadic and
insufficient. These developments help explain why Western clothes have reigned
supreme, while traditional outfits become less popular.

Due to their problematic causes, I believe that this tendency is highly detrimental as it
leads to cultural homogenization and loss of cultural identity. A traditional outfit is not
merely an accessory for people’s appearance as it plays the role of representing the
entire culture in an external and comprehensible way. If young generations fail to
appreciate the value of these outfits, their popularity would decrease exponentially.
Also, the similarities in the way people wear their clothes can lead to cultural
homogenization, where every region around the world becomes too similar, losing the
uniqueness that requires thousands of years in creation.

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In conclusion, although wearing Western-themed clothes has become the norm around
the world, I believe that this development is highly problematic and should be controlled
immediately. This development homogenizes cultural value, leading to the loss of
cultural uniqueness that can potentially damage the economic potential of many
nations.

81. Students leave high school without learning how to manage their money.
What are the reasons and solutions to this issue?

The issue of failing to understand and execute finance management is a common issue
that many students have after they leave their high school. In this essay, I would
propose the reasons behind this phenomenon before suggesting some effective
measures which we can use to alleviate the severity.

There are some major reasons that explain why many students do not have sufficient
skills in managing their own money after they graduate from high school. The
assumption of many schools is that young individuals under the age of 19 generally do
not use money on a daily basis, teaching them skills about managing money without
actual application could be perceived as futile. As a result, schools put more emphasis
on academic subjects, which can translate immediately into the result of students and
eventually elevate the reputation of the schools. This is why money management is not
taken seriously, leading to the fact that many students leave their high school without
knowing sufficient money-managing skills.

Despite the prevalence of such an issue, the cooperation between parents and
educators could alleviate it and lead to a better outcome for students. Although students
do not directly earn the money that helps them function in their lives, they must
understand the importance of financial resources. Specifically, they should have a
concept about how much each product costs and how to practice sustainable living
style. These outcomes can only be achieved through domestic education with parental
support. At school, the role of teachers is to introduce financial management and utilize
simulation or hypothetical scenarios to help students practice.

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In conclusion, as students are severely incapable of handling their money after

graduating from high school, there are concerns about how to handle this issue. After
concluding that the cause of this problem is directly from the lack of awareness towards
the importance of money management, I propose the approach that emphasizes the
role of both parents and teachers, giving students well-rounded yet practical knowledge
regarding this utmost essential matter.

82. As major cities around the world are growing, so are their problems. What are
these problems for young people living in cities? What can be the solution?

The increase in the size of large metropolitan areas around the world has expanded the
spectrum of their issues. In this essay, I would evaluate some of the problems that
young individuals often encounter before proposing some solutions that could help
alleviate them effectively.

[There are some major problems that young people living in the cities often experiênc
when the sizes of the cities increase. When there are more people living in cities, the
demand for travel would inevitably surge, which results in more pollutants and
greenhouse gases being released into the air. As a result, the quality of air degrades,
causing many health issues for young people. The issues could range from respiratory
problems to chronic and severe illnesses.] -> Fail, không work. ĐÚNG CHO MỌI
NGƯỜI, CHỨ KHÔNG PHẢI CHỈ NGƯỜI TRẺ
FIXED: [mental health] There are some major problems that young people living in the
cities often experiênc when the sizes of the cities increase. [Khi thành phố expand, thì
tăng cạnh tranh job market] - [ mà người trẻ thì thiếu kinh nghiệm sống, tinh thần không
được vững vàng, có nhiều người sống xa gia đình]
When cities expand in size, the competitiveness of their job markets would skyrocket,
making it hard for young people with limited professional experiences to make an entry.
Also, the young often lack a network of social support, while many are living apart from
their families. These characteristics combined with the susceptibility to mental pressure
increase the likelihood of having mental illnesses, which can impair the entire future of
young individuals.

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[Money] - [người trẻ thì thiếu tiền ] [ mà vật giá thành phố thì đắt ] As the size of cities
around the world expand rapidly, the cost of living also soars due to the increased value
of real estates. Unfortunately, young people often lack a financial reserve, while many
are living apart from their families, making it hard for them to overcome financial
obstacles that would inevitably happen. As a result, the young often struggle to make a
living, and many have to resort to working manual jobs or eventually leave cities to find
a livelihood.

Despite the severity of the issue, there are practical solutions that can be applied to
handle it effectively. It is of paramount importance to control the migration tendency of
people to large cities, which can effectively reduce the demand for [travel and stabilize
environmental pollution] [money to make ends meet]. Also, the government should
subsidize housing options for young people by offering them loans that they can repay
in a prolonged period of time. Moreover, free psychological consultation should be given
for young people to avoid the likelihood of having mental illness among this very
vulnerable group of people.

In conclusion, although society as a whole suffers from many issues due to the
enlargement of cities, young people are a particularly vulnerable group due to their
developing mental state and lack of financial reserve. Nevertheless, the government
can employ strategies that focus on reducing housing prices and offering mental
support for them, which could lead to a highly improved outcome.

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83. Nowadays, environmental problems are too big to be managed by individual

persons or individual nations. In other words, it is an international problem. To
what extent do you agree or disagree?

Some people believe that one international organization should be established to

address environmental issues because individual efforts are negligible. In this essay,
however, I will challenge this school of thought.

It is unreasonable to dismiss individual persons and individual nations’ efforts in

combating environmental issues. First, individual actions like recycling, conserving
water, and reducing carbon footprints may seem small, but they are not negligible.
These efforts have a profound impact on collective action and can drive substantial
change. When many people adopt sustainable practices, it significantly reduces the
demand for harmful products and boosts support for eco-friendly alternatives, which
influences corporate behaviors and policy decisions, creating a powerful ripple effect
that greatly amplifies individual actions. Second, individual nations’ efforts often begin
with dedicated initiatives. Many significant environmental policies, such as national
clean energy programs, wildlife conservation projects, and public awareness
campaigns, start with the commitment of specific countries. For example, Costa Rica
has made substantial progress in renewable energy without international assistance,
demonstrating that individual nations' efforts are substantial and far-reaching.

Furthermore, it is exceedingly difficult to decide which environmental problems in

specific countries should be prioritized. Environmental issues vary greatly in scope and
impact, meaning that what might be a pressing concern for one nation could be

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perceived as less urgent by another. The infamous 2019 wildfires in the Amazon
rainforest is an epitome of this justification. These fires garnered international attention
and concern due to the Amazon's crucial role in global oxygen production and carbon
dioxide absorption. Major countries like the US, the UK, and Germany expressed a
strong desire to intervene and assist in combating the relentless fires. However, Brazil,
the country where the forest was burning, dismissed the severity of the situation,
claiming it was a routine occurrence. This stark contrast in perception illustrates the
difficulty in achieving a unified response. This disparity underscores the challenge of
finding common ground among over 200 countries, each with its own interests,
priorities, and perspectives on environmental issues. These complexities make it
incredibly difficult, nay impossible, to reach a consensus on which issues should be
addressed first.

In conclusion, while environmental problems are indeed international and too vast to be
managed by individual persons or nations alone, dismissing individual efforts as
negligible is a mistake, and establishing a global organization to address all
environmental problems is impractical.

84. Some people think that the main benefit of international cooperation is in the
protection of the environment, while others believe that the main interest is in the
world of business. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

-> International cooperation la gi? -WTO/ WHO

-> Benefit is in the protection of the environment? Là sao - đặt việc bảo vệ môi trường
lên hàng đầu.

Some individuals are of the opinion that international cooperation should be responsible
for protecting the environment, while others think that these types of cooperation should
focus more on helping business activities. Although both views hold merit, I agree more
with the former/ latter perspective.

I think that striking both targets at the same time is the optimal approach.

A synergy between [a]profitable business practices and [b]environmental protection

can lead to a sustainable and prosperous future.

[It affects everyone.

It negatively affects everyone.
It has negative implications on everyone/
It brings about detrimental problems for everyone.
-> Environmental issues affect everyone, despite their locations.

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On the one hand, [topic sentence] -> one side believes that countries need to work
together urgently to fight environmental problems. They see climate changes and
resource depletion as a threat to everyone, no matter where they live. They believe we
need ambitious goals, creative solutions, and significant investments in things like
renewable energy. This group thinks that building a green economy will not only protect
the planet but also create jobs and ensure resources for everyone.

CTA - CHARACTERISTIC - TRAIT ASSOCIATION

Bảo vệ môi trường -> có đặc điểm và yêu cầu gì

Mà - > chỉ có sự kết hợp tác toàn thế giới mới có thể giải quyết toàn vấn đề này

Bảo vệ môi trường - ảnh hưởng đến mọi người - yêu cầu nhiều nguồn lực - mà chỉ có
toàn bộ các quốc gia mới có thể handle.

On the one hand, proponents of environmental protection argue that international

cooperation is crucial because of its ability to ensure people’s lives in the future.
Mitigating climate change requires ambitious targets, innovative solutions, and
significant financial investment = fiscal investments in sustainable technologies. For
instance, developing green infrastructure, such as renewable energy sources, is
essential for maintaining economic activities and reducing resource depletion.

On the one hand, proponents of environmental protection argue that international

cooperation is crucial because of its ability to ensure people’s lives in the future. It is
true that the protection of the environment requires massive amounts of financial
investments due to the fact that we have to develop new energy systems and innovative
vehicles. Fortunately, when countries come together, their collective resources and
legislative power could be unified, offering a vast supply of money. This source of
money can be used to develop green energy and research modern ways on how to
reduce greenhouse gases in the air.
-> Viet kho hon: Effective policy implementation and compliance with international
regulations build resilience in communities and protect vital ecosystems.

On the other hand, some argue that international cooperation should primarily support
global business activities. In order to protect the environment effectively, vast resources
of finance are required. -> delayed argument As a result, if all businesses become
more profitable, the governments would have more money to help the environment.

delayed argument: On the other hand, some argue that international cooperation
should primarily support global business activities. It is true that money is the primary
factor that dictates the effectiveness of all activities conducted by human beings.
Inevitably, the protection of the environment would require such a factor to be supplied
consistently and in large quantities. By focusing the attention on businesses and trading
activities, international cooperation can create a hospitable environment for

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establishments to become more profitable. This increase in profitability would help yield
more tax money and eventually contribute to effective environmental protection.

-> ngày bỏ ra ngắm 10 lần.

On the other hand, some argue that international cooperation should primarily support
global business activities. The vital requirement for any activity conducted by humans to
be effective is to have enough financial backing. The protection of our environment is
not an exception to this as the goal requires massive resources to be supplied
consistently. By using the political power they have, international cooperations, such as
WTO or the United Nations, could create optimal environments for businesses to
flourish, boosting their profitability which would help yield more tax money and
eventually contribute to effective environmental protection.

Bài hoàn chỉnh:

Draft1. International cooperation is increasingly recognized as essential in addressing
global challenges. While some argue that the primary benefit of international
cooperation lies in environmental protection, others maintain that its main advantage is
in the world of business. Both perspectives have merit, yet I believe that the most
significant impact of global collaboration stems from its role in protecting the
environment.

On the one hand, proponents of environmental protection argue that international

cooperation is crucial because of its ability to ensure people’s lives in the future. It is
true that the protection of the environment requires massive financial investments, given
the need to develop new energy systems and innovative vehicles. Fortunately, when
countries come together, their collective resources and legislative power can be unified,
offering a vast supply of money. This pooled funding can be used to develop green
energy sources, such as wind and solar power, and to research modern ways to reduce
greenhouse gases in the air. Without such large-scale cooperation, individual countries
may struggle to bear the cost of environmental initiatives, hindering progress toward
sustainability.

On the other hand, some argue that international cooperation should primarily support
global business activities. It is true that money is the primary factor dictating the
effectiveness of all human activities, including environmental protection. Inevitably, the
resources needed to protect the environment must be supplied consistently and in large
quantities. By focusing on boosting international business and trade, cooperation
among nations can create a hospitable environment for companies to become more
profitable. This increase in profitability would help yield more tax revenue, which could
then be used to fund environmental initiatives.

In conclusion, while international cooperation is undeniably beneficial for global

business, I believe that its primary focus should be on environmental protection. The

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collective effort of nations is necessary to tackle the environmental challenges that

threaten the future of our planet. Without a healthy environment, economic prosperity
will be short-lived. Therefore, international cooperation must prioritize sustainability,
using the resources generated from global trade to invest in long-term environmental
solutions.

Draft 2.

In a globally interconnected world, collaboration between nations is essential for tackling

pressing issues. While some argue that international cooperation primarily benefits
environmental conservation by addressing shared ecological challenges, others believe
it is most valuable for promoting global trade and economic prosperity. Although both
perspectives have validity, I contend that the foremost benefit of international
cooperation lies in environmental protection, as sustaining our planet is crucial for long-
term progress.

On the one hand, proponents of environmental protection view international cooperation

as essential for solving the global ecological crisis. Environmental challenges, such as
climate change, air pollution, and deforestation, do not respect national boundaries and
therefore require countries to work together. Collective environmental policies, joint
research on renewable energy, and shared commitments like the Paris Agreement
exemplify how international cooperation can reduce carbon emissions and protect
biodiversity. Without this unified approach, individual countries may lack the resources
or motivation to address these problems comprehensively, thereby putting the entire
planet at risk. Thus, the collaboration among nations in environmental efforts is often
seen as vital for preserving a sustainable future for all.

On the other hand, some argue that the primary benefit of international cooperation lies
in enhancing global business. Economic collaboration among countries fuels
international trade, fosters investments, and boosts technological innovation, benefiting
both developed and developing economies. For instance, trade agreements and global
partnerships facilitate market access, improve product quality, and lead to job creation
worldwide. These economic advantages support domestic growth and indirectly
contribute to societal well-being by raising income levels and improving standards of
living. Moreover, economically prosperous countries are more likely to allocate
resources toward other global concerns, including environmental efforts, which
suggests that prioritizing global business can have broad, indirect benefits.

In conclusion, while international cooperation has clear advantages in both

environmental protection and economic growth, I believe its most pressing benefit lies in
addressing environmental issues. The global nature of ecological problems means that
no country can tackle these challenges alone. By prioritizing environmental
sustainability through cooperation, we lay a foundation for a healthier planet that
supports both ecological and economic resilience for generations to come.

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85. Nowadays, sports is a big business with high earnings for professional sports
people and companies involved both financially and in other ways. Is this a positive or
negative development for sports?
Dàn bài:
Positive development
body 1: tốt cho individuals involved.
- có chất lượng training, nutrition/ có nhiều động lực hơn để cống hiến - increased
performances.
- opportunities for post-retirement careers.
body 2: companies
- brand visibility and recognition. Invest nhiều tiền - chạm được nhiều khách hàng
- long-term growth
- job creation - tạo việc làm. giảm thiểu unemployment rate - đồng thời boost
economies thông qua tourism, hospitality, retail sales -> higher revenues for
business.
It is undeniable that sports have provided a significant large amount of money for both
professionals and related companies. In my opinion, this is a positive development.

One of the most notable benefits of the commercialization of sports is the financial
rewards it brings to athletes. Professional athletes often receive well-off salaries, which
enables them to have access to good training services, nutritious diet, allowing them to
induce the highest performances in their competitions. This financial security allows
athletes to dedicate themselves entirely to their sport, encouraging long-term

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cooperation in this sector. Moreover, investing in sports also gives athletes opportunities
for post-retirement careers. As they get older, some sports will no longer be suitable for
them such as scuba diving or snowboarding. With a good reputation in the previous
sector, it is presumably easy for athletes to find jobs in other industries in their later life.

-> One of the most notable benefits of the commercialization of sports is the significant
financial rewards it brings to athletes. Professional athletes often receive substantial
salaries, which provide them with the resources to access top-tier training services, a
nutritious diet, and advanced medical care, all of which enable them to achieve peak
performance in their competitions. This financial security allows athletes to dedicate
themselves entirely to their sport, fostering a focus on excellence and long-term
cooperation within the sector. Moreover, this development creates a multitude of
opportunities for athletes beyond their active sports careers. As athletes age and certain
physically demanding sports, such as scuba diving or snowboarding, become less
suitable, the reputation and network they have built during their sports careers become
invaluable assets, making it easier for athletes to transition into post-retirement roles.

The commercialization of sports extends beyond benefits to athletes, it also provides

significant advantages to companies involved in the sports industry. Associating with
major sports events or famous athletes allows companies to reach a certain global
audience rate. This exposure can enhance the brand recognition and establish a strong
market presence in different regions, contributing to long-term brand growth.
Furthermore, the sports industry also creates numerous job opportunities across various
sectors, including marketing, event management, broadcasting, and manufacturing.
Related companies have significantly impacted the economic growth by generating
employment and supporting ancillary industries, decreasing the unemployment rate in
developing nations, which further enhancing the living standards of residents.

In conclusion, .
Bài hoàn chỉnh:
In recent decades, sports has evolved from a pastime activity to a multi-billion dollar
industry, with significant financial rewards for athletes, teams, and companies alike.
Some argue that this commercialization benefits sports by raising standards and
funding new opportunities, while others worry that it compromises integrity and shifts the
focus away from athletic values. I believe that while sports commercialization brings
some positive growth, its drawbacks can undermine the spirit of competition and fair
play.

One positive aspect of the shift toward commercialization is the vast increase in
resources for training, facilities, and professional development. In the past, many
athletes had limited financial support, forcing them to juggle careers or personal
commitments alongside training. Now, with substantial sponsorships and investments,
athletes can dedicate themselves fully to their sports, leading to higher performance
levels and more thrilling competitions. These financial gains have also fostered
technological advancements, including sports science and equipment innovation, which

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were previously out of reach. Consequently, commercialization has raised the level of
competition and redefined athletic possibilities, positively impacting sports.

However, the growing commercialization of sports also brings concerning effects,

particularly regarding the motives behind athletic involvement. Unlike earlier times,
when players were often driven by pure passion, the present landscape sees many
drawn by the lure of fame and wealth. This shift has occasionally led to unethical
behaviors, such as doping and match-fixing, driven by financial gain rather than
sportsmanship. Moreover, the intense commercial focus often places excessive
demands on athletes, treating them as commodities to maximize profit, which can lead
to burnout and exploitation. As a result, commercialization, while beneficial in some
respects, risks distorting the values that sports traditionally represent.

In conclusion, while the commercialization of sports has undoubtedly raised standards

and opened doors to numerous innovations, it also introduces challenges that can
compromise its core values. Balancing commercial interests with the preservation of
integrity and athletic spirit is essential to ensure that the business of sports continues to
benefit both athletes and society.

86. [Business And Age] Leaders and directors in an organization are normally
older people. Some people think younger leaders would be better. Do you agree
or disagree?

Leadership positions in organizations are traditionally held by older individuals, as they

are seen to bring valuable experience and wisdom to the role. However, some argue
that younger leaders may be better suited to meet the dynamic demands of modern
workplaces. This essay will argue that while younger leaders may bring fresh
perspectives, the merits of experienced leadership far outweigh these advantages.

Granted, one might argue that younger leaders excel in adaptability and innovation,
which are indispensable in today’s fast-changing business environment. Advocates of
this view point to examples of young entrepreneurs and executives who have disrupted
traditional industries with their vision and technological fluency. However, this line of
reasoning is not sound due to the fact that leadership demands more than innovation; it
requires a deep understanding of organizational complexities, which only time and
experience can provide. Older leaders have weathered numerous business cycles,
learned from past failures, and developed emotional intelligence that enables them to
navigate intricate workplace dynamics effectively. These traits are essential for fostering
long-term stability and guiding organizations through crises, aspects that youthful

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energy alone cannot adequately replace.

To add further credence to my assertion, I note that experienced leaders possess

institutional memory and strategic foresight that are critical for sustained growth.
Organizations often rely on leaders who understand not only current trends but also the
historical context of their industry, enabling them to make decisions that align with both
immediate needs and long-term objectives. Additionally, older leaders often command
respect from their peers and subordinates due to their proven track records, which helps
in uniting teams and inspiring trust - qualities that are vital for effective leadership.

In conclusion, while younger leaders bring enthusiasm and a flair for innovation, these Commented [19]: tài, khiếu
attributes alone are insufficient to match the comprehensive skill set that older leaders
acquire through years of experience. Therefore, I firmly believe that older leaders
remain better suited to guide organizations, especially in complex and uncertain
environments.

87. [Noise control] Some people think that there should be some strict controls
about noise. Others think that they could just make as much noise as they want.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.

Noise regulation is a topic of significant debate, with some advocating for strict controls
to ensure public peace, while others argue for the freedom to create noise as they
please. This essay aims to discuss both perspectives extensively before providing my
stance.

On the one hand, advocates for noise regulation emphasize its necessity to maintain
public well-being. They argue that excessive noise, especially in residential or urban
areas, can lead to significant health problems such as stress, sleep deprivation, and
hearing loss. For instance, loud music from nightclubs or constant construction noise
can disrupt the daily lives of those living nearby, making them susceptible to the
mentioned ailments. Therefore, strict controls on noise contribute to a sense of social
respect and harmony, ensuring that individuals’ freedoms do not come at the expense
of others’ health and comfort. Without regulations, communities might descend into
chaos, where the loudest voice dominates, undermining the quality of life for the
majority.

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On the other hand, opponents argue that noise is an inevitable byproduct of progress
and personal freedom. They believe imposing strict controls could stifle cultural
expression and economic activities, such as live music performances, festivals, or
construction projects. Additionally, they contend that individuals should adapt to varying
noise levels rather than expecting absolute silence, as life in modern society naturally
comes with auditory disruptions.

In conclusion, while some view noise as an unavoidable aspect of modern life, I believe
strict noise regulations are essential to protect public health and ensure equitable living
conditions. By striking a balance between freedom and responsibility, noise regulations
can foster a more harmonious coexistence in society.

88. [Tourism] Many museums and historical sites are mainly visited by tourists
but not local people. Why is it the case and what can be done to attract more local
people to visit these places?

Museums and historical sites often attract more tourists than local visitors. This trend
can be attributed to several factors, including the perception of these sites as "tourist
attractions" rather than local cultural hubs. To address this issue, efforts should be
made to make museums and historical sites more engaging and relevant to local
populations.

One reason why local people visit museums and historical sites less frequently is the
familiarity with their local history. Locals may feel that they already know enough about
their cultural heritage and thus do not see the need to visit these sites. Additionally,
many museums and historical sites may cater their exhibits more towards tourists,
offering generalized information rather than content that is specifically tailored to local
audiences. For example, a museum focused on a city’s history might present exhibits
aimed at providing tourists with an overview, rather than delving into aspects of history
that locals find interesting or relevant.

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To attract more local visitors, museums and historical sites should consider offering
programs and exhibits that resonate with the local community. This could include
hosting special events, workshops, and lectures on local issues, or rotating exhibits to
keep content fresh and engaging for those who have visited before. Offering discounted
or free entry for residents can also incentivize locals to explore these places more
frequently. Furthermore, incorporating interactive elements or community projects can
make these sites feel more relevant and integrated into the daily lives of local people.

In conclusion, while museums and historical sites are often seen as attractions for
tourists, efforts should be made to engage the local population by offering relevant and
dynamic content. By doing so, these cultural landmarks can become important spaces
for both learning and community engagement for local residents.

89. [Road safety] Some people think that the best way to increase road safety is
to increase the minimum legal age for driving cars or riding motorbikes. To what
extent do you agree or disagree?

Road safety remains a pressing concern in modern societies, and raising the minimum
legal age for driving cars or riding motorbikes has been proposed as a potential
solution. While some argue this approach could reduce accidents by ensuring greater
maturity among drivers, I disagree with this proposition and I will highlight alternative
strategies for improving road safety.

Granted, one might argue that increasing the minimum driving age could lead to safer
roads by ensuring that drivers are more mature and capable of making sound decisions.
This is predicated on the assumption that younger individuals lack the emotional and
cognitive maturity required for safe driving. However, this line of reasoning is not sound
since accidents are often the result of inexperience rather than age alone. By
postponing the driving age, society merely delays the period of learning, without
addressing the root causes of accidents, such as lack of proper training or reckless

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behaviors. Moreover, age restrictions fail to account for individual differences; many
young drivers are responsible and conscientious, while some older drivers exhibit
careless habits.

To add further credence to my stance, I note that focusing on comprehensive driver

education and stricter enforcement of traffic laws would be far more effective. For
example, mandatory defensive driving courses could instill skills and habits that reduce
the likelihood of accidents, regardless of a driver’s age. Additionally, implementing
technology-driven measures, such as advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS), and
ensuring strict penalties for traffic violations could address reckless behavior more
directly. These initiatives not only improve overall safety but also promote a culture of
responsible driving across all age groups.

In conclusion, while increasing the minimum legal driving age might seem like a
straightforward solution to enhancing road safety, it is ultimately a superficial approach
that overlooks more impactful strategies. Investing in robust driver education programs
and leveraging technological advancements will yield far greater results in creating safer
roads for everyone.

90. [Year off] Some students take a year off between school and university, to
work or to travel. Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?

Taking a gap year between school and college has become increasingly popular among
students, allowing them to work or travel before continuing their education. While critics
may argue that this practice has certain drawbacks, I firmly believe that its benefits far
outweigh any disadvantages.

Granted, one might argue that taking a gap year can disrupt a student's academic
momentum and lead to a loss of focus on their educational goals. This is predicated on
the assumption that a year away from structured learning could make it harder for
students to re-adapt to academic environments. However, this line of reasoning is not
sound since it underestimated the value of the personal growth and skills students can
acquire during a gap year. Engaging in real-world experiences, whether through work or
travel, often enhances their independence, decision-making abilities, and adaptability -
qualities that are critical for academic and professional success. This is evidenced by
research that students who take gap years often return to their studies with renewed

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motivation and clarity about their career paths, making them more focused and goal-
oriented.

To add further credence to my stance, I note that gap years provide students with
invaluable opportunities to broaden their perspectives and develop practical skills. For
instance, working during this time not only allows them to gain financial independence
but also offers insights into the workplace, fostering a sense of responsibility and
professionalism. Similarly, traveling exposes students to diverse cultures, encouraging
open-mindedness and global awareness. These experiences enrich their personal
development, equipping them with qualities that go beyond the academic realm. As a
result, they are better prepared to tackle challenges in both their university life and
future careers.

Of course, I concede that there are potential drawbacks associated with taking a gap
year, such as the financial burden of traveling or the risk of becoming too comfortable in
a non-academic lifestyle. However, these challenges can be thoroughly mitigated with
proper planning and support. For instance, students can set clear goals for their gap
year, such as saving a portion of their earnings or committing to structured travel
programs that emphasize personal growth. When these measures are implemented, the
drawbacks of taking a gap year become minor inconveniences, leaving its
transformative benefits far outweighing any temporary challenges.

In conclusion, while concerns about potential academic disruption during a gap year are
valid, they can be mitigated by the substantial personal and professional growth that
students gain. By providing opportunities to build practical skills and broaden horizons,
taking a gap year proves to be a transformative experience that far outweighs its
drawbacks.

91. [Celebrities And Charity] Some people think that famous people can help
international aid organizations to draw attention to important problems. Others
believe that the celebrities can make the problems seem less important. Discuss
both views and give your opinion.

Celebrities often use their fame to promote charitable causes, drawing attention to
global issues such as poverty, climate change, and humanitarian crises. While some
believe that celebrity involvement can raise awareness and inspire action, others argue
that their presence may trivialize these serious issues. I believe that when handled
correctly, celebrity involvement in international aid can be beneficial, though it must be
done thoughtfully to avoid undermining the cause.

Famous individuals have the platform and influence to reach a large audience, making
them valuable allies for international aid organizations. Celebrities can raise awareness
about important issues that might otherwise go unnoticed by the general public. For
instance, when a celebrity advocates for a cause, it often garners significant media

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attention, leading to increased donations and support for the charity. Celebrities like
Angelina Jolie and Leonardo DiCaprio have successfully used their fame to promote
humanitarian and environmental causes, resulting in tangible positive outcomes.

However, critics argue that celebrity involvement can sometimes overshadow the issue
itself, reducing it to a mere publicity stunt. There is a risk that the focus shifts from the
cause to the celebrity, making the problem seem less important or complex.
Furthermore, some celebrities may lack the necessary expertise or understanding of the
issue, leading to superficial engagement rather than meaningful advocacy. This can
dilute the impact of international aid efforts and undermine the credibility of the cause.

In conclusion, while there are valid concerns about the potential downsides of celebrity
involvement in international aid, I believe that their influence can be a powerful tool for
raising awareness and generating support. To avoid trivialization, it is important that
celebrities work closely with aid organizations, ensuring that their advocacy is informed,
authentic, and focused on the issue rather than personal promotion.

92. [News Reading] Nowadays more and more people read news on the Internet.
Nevertheless, newspapers will remain an important source of news and
information for the majority of people. Do you agree or disagree with this
statement?

With the rise of digital media, more people are turning to the Internet for news. Despite
this trend, some believe that traditional newspapers will continue to be a significant
source of information for most people. While newspapers may still play a role in news
dissemination for some time, I disagree with the view that they will remain important for
the majority, as digital platforms are rapidly overtaking print media.

The Internet offers unparalleled convenience for accessing news. Online platforms allow
users to read the latest updates in real-time, access a wide variety of sources, and tailor
their news consumption based on their interests. Additionally, digital news is often free
or more affordable than purchasing a physical newspaper. This accessibility and
flexibility make online news a more attractive option for a growing number of people,

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particularly younger generations who are accustomed to consuming content digitally.

Although newspapers still hold value, particularly for older generations and individuals
who prefer a more traditional approach to news, their relevance is steadily declining.
Many print publications are struggling to compete with the immediacy and breadth of
online content, leading to reduced circulation and closures. While there may always be
a niche market for newspapers, it is unlikely that they will remain a primary source of
news for the majority in the digital age.

In conclusion, while newspapers may continue to serve a portion of the population, the
convenience and accessibility of online news platforms are leading to the decline of
print media as the primary source of information. In the long term, digital news is set to
dominate, with newspapers playing a diminishing role in how people consume news.

93. [School subjects] Some believe that more academic subjects such as
chemistry, physics and history should be taught in schools, while others believe
that students will derive more benefit from studying practical subjects, such as
motor mechanics and cooking. Discuss both views and provide your own opinion
with relevant examples.

The debate over the balance between academic and practical subjects in school
curriculums is ongoing. Some believe that subjects like chemistry, physics, and history
are essential for a well-rounded education, while others argue that practical skills, such
as motor mechanics and cooking, better prepare students for real-life challenges. In my
opinion, a balanced approach that includes both academic and practical subjects would
be most beneficial for students.

Proponents of teaching more academic subjects argue that these provide students with
critical thinking skills and a deeper understanding of the world. Subjects like chemistry
and physics foster scientific literacy, which is essential in a world increasingly driven by

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technology and innovation. History helps students develop an understanding of societal

developments, enabling them to become informed citizens. For example, a solid
foundation in academic subjects can open doors to careers in medicine, engineering,
and law, where specialized knowledge is a prerequisite.

On the other hand, practical subjects equip students with hands-on skills that are
immediately applicable in everyday life. Motor mechanics, cooking, and other vocational
courses help students become self-reliant and provide them with job-ready skills,
particularly for those who may not pursue higher education. In countries like Germany,
vocational training programs are highly successful, with many students finding stable
employment through their training in practical fields. Furthermore, these subjects can
promote creativity and problem-solving, which are valuable skills in both personal and
professional contexts.

In conclusion, both academic and practical subjects play crucial roles in a well-rounded
education. While academic subjects provide essential knowledge for specialized
careers, practical subjects offer important life skills and job-ready abilities. Therefore, a
balanced approach that includes both academic and practical subjects is the best way
to prepare students for the complexities of modern life.

94. [Historical places] Many historic places and buildings are being destroyed or
damaged. What do you think are the reasons? What can be done about it? Give
your opinion and relevant examples.

Historical places and buildings are irreplaceable treasures that connect us to our past,
but many of them are being destroyed or damaged. This can be attributed to various
factors, including urban development and neglect. In my opinion, more stringent
protective measures and public awareness campaigns are necessary to preserve these
cultural landmarks for future generations.

One major reason for the destruction of historical places is rapid urbanization and
commercial development. As cities expand, historic buildings are often seen as
obstacles to progress, leading to their demolition to make way for modern infrastructure.
Additionally, many historic sites suffer from neglect due to a lack of funding or
awareness about their significance. For instance, in some developing countries,

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historical preservation may not be a priority due to limited resources and pressing
economic needs. Natural disasters and vandalism also contribute to the deterioration of
these sites.

To combat this, governments and organizations should implement stronger legal

protections for historical sites, ensuring that they are preserved even in the face of
urbanization. Countries like Italy have strict regulations preventing the demolition or
alteration of historical buildings. Public awareness campaigns can also play a key role,
as educating people about the cultural and historical significance of these sites can
foster a sense of collective responsibility for their preservation. Additionally,
encouraging sustainable tourism can generate revenue for the upkeep of these sites
while ensuring their protection.

In conclusion, the destruction of historical sites is a pressing issue that stems from
urbanization, neglect, and lack of awareness. By implementing stronger legal
protections and promoting public engagement, we can ensure that these invaluable
cultural landmarks are preserved for future generations.

95. [Family] The modern family structure and roles of each member have changed
in recent years. Do you think it has a negative or a positive effect on families?
Give your opinion and relevant examples.

Family structures and roles within families have evolved significantly in recent decades,
with traditional roles shifting as gender equality and individual freedom become more
prominent. While some argue that these changes undermine the traditional family unit, I
believe that these transformations have had a positive effect, promoting greater equality
and flexibility within families.

One positive outcome of modern family structures is the increasing gender equality in
the division of household responsibilities. In many families, both parents now share the
roles of breadwinner and caregiver, which helps reduce the burden on any one person
and promotes a more balanced family life. For example, in dual-income households,
both partners can contribute to family finances, giving families more economic stability.

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Furthermore, children benefit from having both parents actively involved in their
upbringing, fostering stronger emotional bonds and more diverse role models.

Another benefit of modern family structures is the flexibility it offers to individual family
members. Traditional expectations, such as the father being the sole provider and the
mother as the caregiver, are no longer rigid, allowing individuals to pursue personal and
professional goals without being confined to gender-specific roles. This flexibility
promotes personal growth and can lead to more fulfilled and content family members. It
also fosters a greater sense of teamwork within the family, where responsibilities are
shared based on individual strengths rather than traditional norms.

In conclusion, the modern evolution of family structures and roles has had a largely
positive impact, promoting gender equality, economic stability, and personal growth.
These changes have allowed families to adapt to contemporary societal needs and
function more effectively, benefiting both individuals and family units as a whole.

96. [Shopping] Nowadays people prefer to shop in large supermarkets rather than
nearby local shops. Why do you think this happens? Is this a positive or a
negative trend? Give your opinion and examples from your own experience.

The preference for shopping in large supermarkets over local shops has become a
global trend. This shift can be attributed to the convenience, variety, and lower prices
offered by large retailers. However, while supermarkets offer certain advantages, I
believe that this trend has a negative impact on local businesses and communities.

Supermarkets are often preferred because they offer a wide variety of products under
one roof, saving customers time and effort. Shoppers can purchase groceries,
household items, and even electronics in a single trip, which is more convenient than
visiting multiple local stores. Additionally, large retailers often offer lower prices due to
economies of scale, making them more attractive to cost-conscious consumers. For
instance, supermarket chains frequently run promotions and discounts that local shops
may not be able to match.

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However, this trend has several negative consequences, particularly for local shops. As
supermarkets dominate the retail landscape, small businesses struggle to compete,
leading to the closure of many local stores. This not only harms local economies but
also diminishes the sense of community that small businesses help foster. Local shops
often offer personalized service and unique products, which are lost when consumers
shift exclusively to supermarkets. The closure of local shops can also result in fewer job
opportunities within the community, further weakening its economic fabric.

In conclusion, while the convenience and affordability of supermarkets make them

appealing to consumers, the negative impact on local businesses and communities is
significant. To preserve the diversity and vitality of local economies, it is essential for
consumers to support nearby shops and strike a balance between shopping at
supermarkets and patronizing local businesses.

97. [International trade] Some people believe that international trade and
communication with other countries is a positive trend, while others think it is
harmful to nations and they might lose their identities. To what extent do you
agree or disagree with this statement? Give your own opinion and relevant
examples.

The rise of international trade and communication has created a more interconnected
global economy. Some argue that this trend fosters economic growth and cultural
exchange, while others fear that it may erode national identities. In my opinion, the
benefits of international trade far outweigh the disadvantages, though it is important to
take measures to preserve cultural identities.

One of the main advantages of international trade is the economic growth it can
stimulate. By opening markets, countries gain access to goods and services that they
cannot produce domestically, which drives competition, innovation, and economic

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efficiency. For example, the technological advancements made possible through global
trade have significantly boosted productivity in many industries. Additionally,
international trade can reduce poverty by creating jobs and increasing the standard of
living in developing countries. Countries like China and India have benefited immensely
from engaging in global markets.

On the other hand, critics argue that the expansion of international trade and
communication can lead to the homogenization of cultures, threatening local traditions
and values. The proliferation of Western products and media, for instance, can
overshadow local customs, leading to a loss of cultural diversity. For example, the
global dominance of fast-food chains has been blamed for diminishing traditional
culinary practices in some countries. However, I believe that nations can engage in
international trade while still preserving their cultural heritage through policies that
promote local traditions, such as cultural festivals and the protection of national
monuments.

In conclusion, while concerns about the potential loss of cultural identity are valid, the
economic and social benefits of international trade and communication are too
significant to ignore. With appropriate measures to preserve cultural heritage, countries
can enjoy the advantages of global interconnectedness without sacrificing their unique
identities.

98. [History course] It is more important for schoolchildren to learn about local
history than world history. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
The debate over whether local or world history should take precedence in school
curriculums is a contentious one. Some argue that understanding local history is crucial
for fostering a sense of identity and belonging, while others emphasize the importance
of teaching world history to develop a global perspective. I believe both local and world
history are equally important and should be integrated into education.

Learning about local history is essential for understanding the cultural and societal roots
of one's community. It helps students appreciate their heritage and develop a sense of
pride in their local traditions. For instance, knowing the history of national independence
movements or local heroes can instill a sense of patriotism and responsibility. Local
history also fosters community cohesion, as people learn about the shared experiences

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that shaped their surroundings. By understanding the past, individuals can make
informed decisions that affect their community's future.

However, limiting education to local history risks isolating students from the broader
context of global events and movements. World history offers students insights into the
interconnectedness of societies, teaching them about international cooperation, conflict,
and cultural exchange. This global perspective is crucial in today's increasingly
interconnected world. For example, studying world wars, revolutions, and the
development of technology in different regions helps students understand the global
forces that influence their lives today. Exposure to world history also promotes tolerance
and open-mindedness by teaching students about diverse cultures and ideologies.

In conclusion, both local and world history have their own unique significance in shaping
well-rounded, informed citizens. A balanced curriculum that integrates both aspects of
history is essential to help students understand their own identities while appreciating
their place in the global context.

99. [Education in developing countries] In developing countries, children in rural

communities have less access to education. Some people believe that the
problem can be solved by providing more schools and teachers, while others
think that the problem can be solved by providing computers and Internet access.
Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
Access to education in rural areas of developing countries remains a critical issue, with
significant disparities compared to urban regions. Some argue that increasing the
number of schools and teachers is the key to solving this problem, while others believe
that modern technology, such as computers and Internet access, can bridge the
educational gap. In my opinion, a combination of both approaches is necessary to
ensure long-term success in improving education for rural children.

The traditional model of education, which includes schools and qualified teachers, plays
a fundamental role in the development of children, especially in rural areas. Schools

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provide not only a structured environment for learning but also a sense of community
and social development. Teachers are essential for guiding students, offering
personalized instruction, and fostering critical thinking. In rural areas where literacy
rates are often lower, having a physical presence of schools and teachers can
dramatically increase educational engagement and outcomes. For example, in countries
like Bangladesh, efforts to build more rural schools have significantly improved literacy
rates and school attendance.

On the other hand, the introduction of computers and Internet access can transform the
educational landscape in rural communities. In regions where it may be challenging to
recruit enough qualified teachers, online resources can offer access to a wealth of
educational materials. Programs such as remote learning or online courses can help
students in isolated areas acquire knowledge and skills that might otherwise be
unavailable. Additionally, technology enables rural students to connect with teachers
and peers from other parts of the world, promoting a more global and interactive
learning experience. However, one must consider that providing technology alone is not
a panacea, as it requires infrastructure, electricity, and digital literacy training to be truly
effective.

In conclusion, while building more schools and hiring teachers is crucial for providing a
stable foundation for education in rural areas, incorporating modern technology is
equally important to offer diverse learning opportunities and bridge gaps in access to
educational resources. A balanced approach that integrates both traditional and
technological methods will ensure that children in rural communities receive a
comprehensive education that prepares them for the future.

100. Nowadays, young people admire media and sports stars though they often
do not set a good example. Do you think this is a positive or negative
development?

The admiration of media and sports stars by young people has become a widespread
phenomenon. While these public figures often achieve fame through talent and
success, their behavior off the stage or field is not always exemplary. I believe that this
trend can have both positive and negative effects, but overall, it leans toward being a
negative development due to the harmful influences some celebrities exert.

On the one hand, some media and sports stars serve as role models for young people,
inspiring them to pursue their dreams and work hard to achieve success. Many athletes
promote healthy lifestyles, discipline, and perseverance, qualities that can positively
influence young fans. Similarly, some actors or musicians engage in charitable activities
and advocate for social causes, encouraging young people to be more socially
conscious. For instance, sports stars like LeBron James have used their platforms to

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promote education and social justice, inspiring many young fans to contribute to their
communities.

However, the negative influence of celebrity culture cannot be overlooked. Many media
and sports stars are involved in scandals related to substance abuse, reckless behavior,
or unethical actions, and young people who idolize these figures may adopt harmful
behaviors. The focus on fame, wealth, and superficial success often detracts from more
important values like education, hard work, and character development. For example,
when young people see celebrities flaunting luxury lifestyles or engaging in
controversial behavior, it can create unrealistic expectations and skew their priorities.
This obsession with celebrity culture can lead to issues such as poor self-esteem,
materialism, and unhealthy comparisons.

In conclusion, while there are positive aspects to admiring media and sports stars, the
negative influence that some celebrities exert on young people makes this trend largely
concerning. It is important for society to promote more positive role models and
encourage young people to focus on values such as hard work, integrity, and personal
growth rather than idolizing superficial success.

101. [Society] It is suggested that everyone should have a car, a television

and a fridge. Do disadvantages of this development for society outweigh
advantages?

In today’s modern world, owning essential items like a car, a television, and a
refrigerator is often considered a standard of living. While having access to these
conveniences can improve daily life, there are also significant drawbacks to the
widespread expectation that everyone should own such items. In my opinion, the
disadvantages of this trend, particularly its impact on the environment and social
inequality, outweigh the benefits.

There are undeniable benefits to owning a car, a television, and a refrigerator,

especially in terms of convenience and quality of life. Cars provide personal freedom
and make commuting easier, particularly in areas with limited public transportation.
Televisions offer access to news, entertainment, and educational programs, while

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refrigerators are essential for preserving food, reducing waste, and ensuring a balanced
diet. For many people, these items are not only conveniences but also necessities that
enhance daily living and provide greater access to information, resources, and
opportunities.

However, the widespread ownership of these items comes with significant societal and
environmental costs. The increased demand for cars contributes to air pollution, traffic
congestion, and global warming. Televisions and refrigerators, while useful, consume
large amounts of energy, contributing to environmental degradation. Furthermore, the
expectation that everyone should own such items can exacerbate social inequality, as
low-income families may struggle to afford them. The focus on material possessions
also encourages consumerism, which can lead to financial strain, wastefulness, and a
disconnect from more sustainable living practices. Additionally, reliance on cars and
televisions can lead to a sedentary lifestyle, contributing to health issues such as
obesity.

In conclusion, while owning a car, a television, and a fridge brings undeniable

convenience, the disadvantages, particularly in terms of environmental impact and
social inequality, outweigh the benefits. Society should focus on promoting more
sustainable and equitable solutions, such as improving public transportation and
reducing the emphasis on material possessions, to create a more balanced and
environmentally friendly future.

102. [Corporate responsibility] Nowadays, most large companies operate

multinationally. To what extent those companies should have responsibility
towards local communities in which they operate?
With the rise of globalization, multinational companies have expanded their operations
across borders, often establishing themselves in multiple countries. Some argue that
these corporations should take responsibility for the well-being of the local communities
where they operate, while others believe their primary duty is to shareholders and
profitability. In my opinion, multinational corporations have a significant ethical
responsibility to support local communities, as their success often depends on these
regions.

Multinational companies benefit from local resources, labor, and infrastructure, which
makes it imperative for them to give back to the communities where they operate.

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Providing jobs and economic growth is one way companies can contribute, but their
responsibility extends beyond merely hiring local workers. Corporations should invest in
local education, healthcare, and environmental sustainability to ensure that their
operations leave a positive impact. For instance, companies like Unilever have
launched social responsibility programs that improve access to sanitation and clean
water in the regions where they operate.

Some argue that companies should focus solely on maximizing profits for their
shareholders, rather than engaging in social causes. However, ignoring the well-being
of local communities can harm a company’s long-term success, as poor community
relations may lead to negative publicity, labor strikes, or environmental damage. By
integrating social responsibility into their business models, companies can create a
sustainable future that benefits both the corporation and the local population. For
example, businesses that prioritize ethical sourcing and fair trade often gain consumer
loyalty and a stronger global reputation.

In conclusion, multinational corporations must acknowledge their ethical responsibility

toward local communities. By investing in social, environmental, and economic
development in the regions where they operate, these companies can foster long-term
sustainability and build stronger relationships with local populations, ultimately
benefiting both the company and the community.

103. [Transportation] Cycling is more environmentally friendly than other forms of

transport. Why is it not popular in many places? And how to increase its
popularity?

Cycling is widely recognized as one of the most environmentally friendly modes of

transportation, as it produces zero emissions and promotes a healthier lifestyle. Despite
these advantages, cycling is not popular in many parts of the world. This essay explores
the reasons behind its lack of popularity and suggests measures to increase the use of
bicycles.

Several factors contribute to the lack of widespread popularity for cycling. One major
reason is inadequate infrastructure in many cities and regions. Without proper bike
lanes or safe cycling routes, people are often hesitant to use bicycles for commuting

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due to safety concerns. Additionally, in many cultures, cars and other motorized
vehicles are seen as symbols of status, making cycling appear less attractive or
prestigious. Furthermore, extreme weather conditions and long commuting distances in
certain areas also discourage people from cycling regularly.

To increase the popularity of cycling, governments and local authorities need to invest
in developing better infrastructure, such as dedicated bike lanes, secure parking
facilities, and bike-sharing programs. Cities like Copenhagen and Amsterdam, where
cycling is a primary mode of transport, have set an example by creating extensive
networks of safe cycling paths. Moreover, public awareness campaigns highlighting the
environmental and health benefits of cycling could encourage more people to adopt this
mode of transportation. Providing financial incentives, such as tax breaks for bike
purchases or subsidies for bike-sharing programs, can also motivate individuals to cycle
more frequently.

In conclusion, although cycling is environmentally friendly, it is not widely popular due to

factors like poor infrastructure, cultural perceptions, and practical challenges. However,
with the right investments in infrastructure, education, and incentives, cycling can
become a more attractive and viable transportation option for people in many parts of
the world.

104. [Supermarket and local] Due to the development and rapid expansion of
supermarkets in some countries, many small, local businesses are unable to
compete. Some people think that the closure of local business will bring about
the death of local communities. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

The rise of large supermarket chains has significantly changed the retail landscape, with
many small, local businesses struggling to survive. Some believe that the closure of
these local businesses will lead to the decline of local communities. I agree with this
view to a considerable extent, as the disappearance of local shops can have detrimental
effects on community cohesion and local economies.

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Local businesses often serve as social hubs, where people can interact with their
neighbors and build a sense of community. The closure of these small shops can erode
the fabric of local communities, as people become more isolated and disconnected.
Moreover, local businesses tend to support other local suppliers and create jobs within
the community. When they close, the local economy suffers, leading to unemployment
and a reduced sense of local identity. For example, in rural areas, small grocery stores
often serve as lifelines for residents who may not have easy access to large
supermarkets.

While the expansion of supermarkets can negatively impact local businesses, it is

important to acknowledge the benefits they bring. Supermarkets offer a wide range of
products at lower prices, which can be advantageous for consumers, particularly those
on tight budgets. They also provide convenience by offering everything under one roof.
However, these benefits come at the cost of weakening the local economy and reducing
diversity in products, as smaller, niche businesses are unable to compete.

In conclusion, the rapid expansion of supermarkets poses a serious threat to small,

local businesses, and by extension, to the social and economic vitality of local
communities. Although supermarkets provide convenience and lower prices, the loss of
local businesses undermines community cohesion and local economic sustainability.
Therefore, efforts should be made to support local businesses and encourage
consumers to shop locally.

105. Some people think that the government is wasting money on the arts and
that this money could be better spent elsewhere. To what extent do you agree
with this view?

The allocation of government funds to the arts is often a topic of debate, with some
arguing that this money could be better spent on more pressing issues like healthcare
or education. While it is essential to prioritize basic needs, I believe that the arts are
also important for society, and government funding for them should not be seen as
wasteful.

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Government support for the arts plays a crucial role in preserving culture, fostering
creativity, and promoting social cohesion. The arts provide a platform for self-expression
and can bring attention to social and political issues. They also contribute to mental
well-being and provide an outlet for emotional release, both for artists and the public.
Additionally, arts industries, such as theater, music, and film, create jobs and contribute
to the economy through tourism and cultural events. For instance, cities like London and
New York have thriving arts scenes that attract millions of visitors each year, generating
significant revenue.

While the arts are valuable, critics argue that public funds should be directed toward
more immediate needs, such as healthcare, education, and infrastructure. In times of
economic hardship or crises, it may seem more prudent to focus resources on ensuring
citizens' basic needs are met. However, cutting funding for the arts entirely would result
in a cultural void and limit opportunities for future generations to explore creativity and
innovation.

In conclusion. although there are competing priorities for government spending, the arts
should not be dismissed as a waste of resources. They play a vital role in cultural
preservation, social well-being, and economic growth. Therefore, government
investment in the arts should continue, albeit balanced with funding for other essential
sectors.

106. [Crime prevention] Some people think that the government should be
responsible for crime prevention while others believe that it is the responsibility
of the individual to protect themselves. Discuss both sides and give your opinion.

The responsibility for crime prevention is a subject of ongoing debate. While some
believe that it is the government’s duty to ensure public safety, others argue that
individuals should take responsibility for protecting themselves. In my opinion, both the
government and individuals play crucial roles in crime prevention, and a balanced
approach is necessary.

TÀI LIỆU DÙNG CHO MỤC ĐÍCH GIÁO DỤC, VUI LÒNG DẪN TÊN VÀ NGUỒN KHI TÁI SỬ DỤNG
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The government has a fundamental responsibility to maintain law and order through
policies, law enforcement, and the judicial system. Public safety can only be ensured
when the government actively combats crime by investing in police forces, surveillance
systems, and social programs that address the root causes of crime, such as poverty
and unemployment. Effective crime prevention also requires the government to
implement fair laws and create an environment where justice is served. For example,
countries with well-funded police forces and robust legal systems tend to have lower
crime rates.

On the other hand, individuals also have a role to play in protecting themselves from
crime. Being aware of one's surroundings, taking precautions such as securing
property, and avoiding risky behaviors are all part of personal responsibility.
Furthermore, community-based initiatives, such as neighborhood watch programs,
demonstrate how individuals can collectively contribute to crime prevention. However, it
is unreasonable to place the entire burden of safety on individuals, especially in
situations where systemic issues contribute to crime rates.

In conclusion, while individuals should take some responsibility for their own safety, the
primary duty of crime prevention lies with the government. A comprehensive approach
that combines government efforts with individual awareness and community
participation is the most effective way to prevent crime and ensure public safety.

107. [Walking] Walking is known to be beneficial for health and yet fewer and
fewer people are walking these days. What are the reasons for this? What can be
done to tackle this problem?

Walking is widely acknowledged as one of the simplest and most effective forms of
exercise, yet fewer people today are walking regularly. This decline can be attributed to
modern lifestyles and urban planning. However, there are several measures that can be
taken to encourage walking and improve public health.

One reason fewer people walk today is the rise in sedentary lifestyles driven by
technological advancements. Many people work in office jobs that require little physical

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activity, and leisure activities such as watching television or playing video games further
contribute to inactivity. Additionally, urban development often prioritizes car travel over
pedestrian infrastructure, making it inconvenient or unsafe for people to walk. For
example, many cities have inadequate sidewalks or pedestrian crossings, discouraging
walking as a viable option for commuting or exercise.

To reverse this trend, urban planners and governments need to prioritize pedestrian-
friendly infrastructure. Creating more walkable cities with safe, well-maintained
sidewalks, pedestrian zones, and green spaces can make walking more appealing.
Public awareness campaigns highlighting the health benefits of walking, such as
reducing the risk of heart disease and improving mental well-being, can also motivate
people to incorporate more walking into their daily routines. Additionally, promoting
walking groups or community events can create a social aspect that encourages people
to walk regularly.

In conclusion, the decline in walking is a result of modern sedentary lifestyles and poor
urban planning. By improving pedestrian infrastructure and raising public awareness
about the health benefits of walking, we can encourage more people to engage in this
simple yet effective form of exercise.

108. [Doctor] Doctors should be responsible for educating their patients about
how to improve their health. Do you agree with this?
There is growing debate over whether doctors should assume responsibility for
educating patients on health improvement. Some argue that doctors’ primary role is to
diagnose and treat illnesses rather than educate. However, I believe that doctors should
indeed play an active role in health education, as their guidance can empower patients
to make informed lifestyle choices that prevent disease and improve overall well-being.

Granted, one might argue that doctors already face considerable workloads and should
focus on diagnosing and treating patients rather than adding health education to their
responsibilities. This line of reasoning suggests that with limited consultation time,
emphasizing treatment over education might be more efficient, especially in high-

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demand healthcare settings. However, this line of reasoning is not sound due to the fact
that it overlooks the fact that educating patients can actually reduce doctors’ workloads
in the long term. When patients understand how to manage their own health proactively,
they are less likely to experience preventable illnesses, which could decrease the
frequency of their visits. Therefore, by investing in patient education, doctors may
ultimately alleviate pressure on healthcare systems and enable more effective treatment
for those in immediate need.

Furthermore, doctors possess the knowledge and credibility necessary to guide patients
on health-related decisions, making them uniquely qualified for this role. Many patients
rely on credible sources to navigate the complex landscape of health information, which
can often be contradictory or misleading when sourced from the internet. When doctors
provide reliable health education, patients gain the confidence to adopt healthy habits,
such as balanced diets, regular exercise, and stress management techniques. This
preventative approach not only benefits individual patients but can contribute to a
healthier society by reducing the prevalence of chronic diseases and the overall burden
on healthcare infrastructure.

In conclusion, while doctors face time constraints, integrating health education into their
practice could ultimately ease these burdens and foster a healthier, more informed
patient population. Empowering patients with knowledge can lead to better health
outcomes and a more sustainable healthcare system, underscoring why doctors should
embrace the role of health educators alongside their diagnostic and treatment
responsibilities.

109. [Healthcare] Healthcare should not be provided for free regardless of a

person's income. The health of a person is in their own hands and they should,
therefore, be held accountable for that. Do you agree with this opinion?

The debate over whether healthcare should be a basic right or a personal responsibility
is a polarizing issue. While some believe that individuals should bear the cost of their
healthcare based on their lifestyle choices, I strongly disagree with this view. Healthcare
should be provided for free, as access to medical services is a fundamental human
right, and individuals cannot always control the circumstances affecting their health.

Healthcare is an essential service that should be accessible to all, regardless of income

or personal habits. Denying healthcare to those who cannot afford it leads to societal
inequality and can result in preventable deaths. Diseases and medical conditions often

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arise due to factors beyond an individual’s control, such as genetics, environmental

conditions, or accidents. For instance, many chronic diseases like diabetes or asthma
are influenced by factors outside of lifestyle choices. Providing universal health care
ensures that every person has the right to treatment, helping to reduce suffering and
improve overall public health.

While it is true that individuals should be responsible for making healthy lifestyle
choices, access to healthcare is not solely about personal accountability. Healthcare
systems should focus on preventive measures, such as education and routine
screenings, to encourage healthier behaviors. Instead of penalizing people for their
health conditions, governments can promote wellness by making healthcare services
accessible and affordable. Countries with universal healthcare, such as the UK, have
seen improved health outcomes by prioritizing preventive care and education.

In conclusion, the notion that healthcare should not be provided for free based on
personal responsibility is flawed. Access to healthcare is a fundamental right, and many
health conditions cannot be controlled through individual actions alone. A fairer
approach is to provide universal healthcare and focus on preventive care to improve
public health outcomes.

110. [Health problems] More and more people are suffering from health problems
caused by a modern lifestyle which cannot be treated with modern medicines.
Some people think that a return to traditional medicine should be encouraged.
To what extent do you agree?

As modern lifestyles contribute to various health issues, such as stress-related

disorders and chronic diseases, some argue that modern medicine alone is insufficient
to address these conditions. This perspective suggests a return to traditional medicine
for a more holistic approach. While modern medicine has undeniable strengths, I agree
that traditional practices should be encouraged to complement it, as they offer potential
benefits that modern treatments may lack.

Granted, one might argue that modern medicine, with its advanced technologies and
rigorous scientific basis, is far superior to traditional approaches in addressing health

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issues. Proponents of this view highlight that modern treatments are backed by
extensive research, standardized protocols, and measurable outcomes, making them
highly effective, particularly for acute conditions and life-threatening diseases. However,
this line of reasoning is not sound as it overlooks the limitations of modern medicine in
treating chronic and lifestyle-related conditions. Many modern treatments are symptom-
focused rather than addressing root causes, which can leave underlying health issues
unresolved. Thus, incorporating traditional medicine, which often emphasizes balance
and holistic healing, could address aspects of health that modern methods may miss,
offering more sustainable health outcomes.

Moreover, traditional medicine encompasses a range of practices, such as herbal

remedies, acupuncture, and mindfulness techniques, which have shown promise in
promoting overall well-being and managing stress, pain, and anxiety. These benefits
align with the needs of individuals affected by the pressures of modern life. While
traditional medicine may lack the extensive clinical trials seen in modern medicine, it
has been refined over centuries and provides valuable insights into preventive care and
lifestyle modifications. Encouraging the use of these practices alongside modern
treatments can empower patients to take a more active role in their health, potentially
reducing dependency on pharmaceuticals and fostering a balanced approach to
wellness.

In conclusion, while modern medicine remains essential, integrating traditional medicine

into healthcare can enhance its effectiveness, particularly for lifestyle-related health
issues. By embracing traditional practices, patients may gain access to a broader
spectrum of healing that supports both physical and mental well-being.

111. [Space exploration] Some people think that money spent on space
exploration is a waste and could be better used to fund other urgent problems in
society.To what extent do you agree?
Space exploration has long been a subject of debate, with some arguing that the vast
amounts of money allocated to it could be better spent on pressing issues on Earth.
However, despite this opposition, I believe that the investment in space exploration is
justifiable due to its long-term benefits for society.

Granted, one might argue that the funds spent on space exploration could be better
utilized in addressing more immediate issues such as poverty, healthcare, or education.
These problems undoubtedly require urgent attention, and many feel that resources
should be allocated directly to solving them. However, this perspective overlooks the
far-reaching benefits that space exploration brings. Technological advancements
developed for space missions have led to innovations that improve everyday life, from
advancements in medicine and telecommunications to new materials and renewable

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energy solutions. By investing in space exploration, we indirectly foster innovation that

benefits society as a whole, making the expenditure worthwhile in the long run.

Furthermore, space exploration has the potential to contribute to the long-term survival
of humanity. As resources on Earth become increasingly scarce, the exploration of
other planets and celestial bodies offers the possibility of discovering new resources
and potential habitats. Without investing in space exploration, humanity risks missing
out on these opportunities that could ensure a sustainable future. Thus, the argument
that space exploration is a waste of money does not consider its long-term significance
in ensuring the survival and progress of civilization.

In conclusion, while there are immediate issues that require attention, the investment in
space exploration holds significant benefits, both in terms of technological
advancements and the long-term survival of humanity. Therefore, the funds dedicated
to space exploration should not be seen as wasteful, but rather as a necessary
investment in the future.

112. [Tourism and local culture] Some people believe that to protect local culture,
tourism should be banned in some areas whereas others think that change is
inevitable and banning tourism will have no benefits. Discuss both sides and give
your opinion.
Tourism is often seen as a major driver of economic growth, but it also raises concerns
about the preservation of local cultures. While some argue that tourism should be
restricted to protect cultural integrity, others contend that cultural change is inevitable,
and banning tourism would have no real benefits. I believe that a balance must be
struck, and tourism can coexist with cultural preservation.

Granted, one might argue that tourism leads to the commercialization and dilution of
local cultures, as foreign influences reshape traditional practices and customs. In some
areas, tourism can result in the exploitation of cultural symbols for profit, causing a loss
of authenticity. However, this viewpoint ignores the positive role that tourism can play in
fostering cross-cultural understanding and promoting cultural exchange. By introducing

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people from different backgrounds to local traditions, tourism can help preserve and
even revitalize cultural practices, as the demand for authentic experiences increases.
The key lies in managing tourism responsibly, ensuring that it enhances rather than
erodes local culture.

On the other hand, some argue that the inevitability of cultural change means that
efforts to ban tourism will not yield lasting benefits. In today’s globalized world, cultures
are constantly evolving due to exposure to new ideas and influences. Attempting to
prevent tourism could stifle economic development and limit opportunities for local
communities. Rather than restricting tourism, governments and local authorities should
focus on sustainable tourism practices that respect cultural heritage while allowing for
economic growth. This approach ensures that tourism can support local economies
without undermining cultural identities.

In conclusion, while there are valid concerns about the impact of tourism on local
cultures, banning tourism is not a practical solution. A balanced approach that promotes
responsible tourism can allow cultures to thrive while benefiting from economic growth
and cultural exchange.

113. [Adapt to new culture] Some people think that when a person travels into a
different culture they should adapt to the local practices and customs. To what
extent do you agree?
When people travel to different cultures, there is often a debate about whether they
should adapt to local customs or maintain their own cultural practices. While some
argue that adapting to local customs is essential for integration, I believe that the
approach should be more flexible, as respecting both cultures can lead to a more
enriching experience.

Granted, one might argue that adapting to local practices is crucial for understanding
and respecting the host culture. By embracing local customs and practices, travelers
can foster better relationships with the local population and avoid misunderstandings.
This kind of cultural adaptation is often seen as a sign of respect and a means to ensure
smoother social interactions. However, this perspective fails to account for the value of
cultural diversity. People should not be expected to abandon their own cultural identity

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entirely, as maintaining one’s heritage can foster mutual respect and lead to more
meaningful exchanges.

Moreover, adaptation should not necessarily mean complete conformity to local

practices. Instead, it is about finding a balance that allows travelers to embrace local
customs while maintaining their individuality. In many cases, cross-cultural exchanges
can result in a fusion of practices that enrich both the local and the foreign cultures.
Rather than imposing the expectation that individuals fully adopt the host culture, it is
more beneficial to encourage respect and understanding of both cultures, which can
lead to positive, reciprocal relationships.

In conclusion, while adapting to local customs is important for integration, it should not
come at the expense of one’s cultural identity. A respectful exchange of practices can
enrich the experience of both the traveler and the host community.

114. The impact that the growing demand for more flights has had on the
environment is a major concern for many countries. Some people believe that
one way to limit the number of people traveling by air is to increase tax on flights.
To what extent do you think this could solve the problem?

The increasing demand for air travel has raised serious environmental concerns,
particularly regarding carbon emissions. To address this, some propose raising taxes on
flights as a means to limit the number of people flying, thereby reducing the
environmental impact. While this solution has merit, I would say it is not without its
limitations that cannot fully address the problem.

Raising taxes on flights could lead to a reduction in air travel, as higher costs may deter
people from frequent flying. This could help lower carbon emissions, as air travel is a
significant contributor to greenhouse gasses. Countries such as Sweden have already
implemented flight taxes with the aim of curbing demand and promoting greener

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alternatives like trains or virtual meetings. Moreover, the revenue generated from these
taxes could be invested in sustainable aviation technology or environmental projects,
creating a double benefit.

However, increasing taxes on flights may disproportionately affect low-income

individuals, making air travel a luxury for the wealthy while doing little to change the
habits of those who can afford it. Additionally, this solution may only marginally reduce
air travel demand without addressing the core issue: the aviation industry's reliance on
fossil fuels. Investment in cleaner technologies, such as electric planes or biofuels,
might offer a more sustainable long-term solution. Without complementary measures
like this, a tax hike alone is unlikely to solve the environmental crisis caused by growing
air travel demand.

In conclusion, while increasing taxes on flights could contribute to reducing the

environmental impact of air travel, it is not a standalone solution. To effectively address
the issue, governments must pair taxation with investment in sustainable aviation
technologies and alternative transportation options. In this way, the problem can be
tackled comprehensively without disproportionately affecting certain demographics.

115. A poor infrastructure hinders under-developed countries from progress and

modernisation. Some people think that this should be the first problem tackled by
foreign aid. To what extent do you agree with this opinion?

A nation's infrastructure plays a crucial role in its economic growth and modernization.
In underdeveloped countries, poor infrastructure—ranging from inadequate roads to
unreliable electricity—hinders progress. Some argue that foreign aid should prioritize
infrastructure development as the first step toward modernization. I agree with this
opinion to a large extent, as infrastructure is the foundation upon which other
development efforts can thrive.

Infrastructure acts as the backbone of any economy, facilitating trade, communication,

and access to essential services. In underdeveloped nations, poor infrastructure limits
access to healthcare, education, and employment opportunities, which stifles overall
progress. Foreign aid directed toward building roads, improving electricity grids, and
establishing reliable water sources can catalyze significant improvements in a nation's

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economy. Moreover, better infrastructure attracts foreign investment, which can further
boost economic growth and modernize the country.

However, infrastructure alone cannot solve all of a nation's problems. Social factors
such as education, healthcare, and governance must also be considered to ensure
long-term development. Focusing exclusively on infrastructure without addressing these
other areas may lead to uneven progress. For instance, roads and power grids are
meaningless if a country's population lacks the education to make use of these
advancements effectively. Therefore, while infrastructure should be a priority, foreign
aid programs must adopt a holistic approach that considers the full range of
development needs.

In conclusion, prioritizing infrastructure in foreign aid is a vital step toward helping

underdeveloped countries modernize and progress. However, infrastructure
development must be part of a broader strategy that includes education, healthcare,
and governance improvements. By taking this balanced approach, foreign aid can more
effectively contribute to the overall development of underdeveloped nations.

116. A government has a responsibility to its citizens to ensure their safety.

Therefore, some people think that the government should increase spending on
defense but spend less on social benefits. To what extent do you agree?

Governments have the responsibility to ensure the safety and security of their citizens.
Some argue that this duty requires increased spending on defense, even if it comes at
the cost of social benefits. While national security is undoubtedly crucial, I believe that
cutting social spending to bolster defense budgets could harm societal welfare and
stability in the long run. A balanced approach is needed to address both defense and
social needs.

Defense spending is critical to maintaining national security, especially in the face of

external threats such as terrorism or geopolitical conflicts. Governments must invest in
the military, intelligence, and cybersecurity to safeguard their citizens and protect
national interests. In countries with high security risks, bolstering defense budgets can
seem like a logical step. This spending also has economic benefits, as defense
contracts can stimulate technological innovation and job creation in related industries.

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However, social benefits—such as healthcare, education, and welfare programs—are

equally essential to a nation's long-term security and stability. Neglecting social
spending can lead to domestic unrest, increased poverty, and a less healthy, less
educated population, all of which undermine societal well-being. For example, cutting
healthcare funding could make populations more vulnerable to diseases, while reduced
education funding would stifle future innovation and economic growth. Ultimately, a
society that neglects the needs of its citizens risks internal instability, which could pose
as much of a threat as external enemies.

In conclusion, while defense spending is important to ensure national security, cutting

social benefits to fund it would create more harm than good. A balanced approach that
allocates sufficient resources to both defense and social welfare is the best strategy for
long-term stability. Governments must not lose sight of the fact that a well-protected
nation is one where its citizens are healthy, educated, and economically secure.

117. A large number of people think that nowadays women should not work hard
to earn their living, they should spend more time caring for their families.

To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Some people are of the opinion that instead of devoting life time to work to make Deleted: apart from working intensively to make money
money, the crucial role of women is to solely invest more time in catering for their Deleted: allocate
families. Although there are some certain advantages, I disagree with this view for some
reasons that are now further discussed in the following essay. Deleted: because it undermines women’s potential....
(ti viet tiep)
It has to be acknowledged that advocating that women should not work hard
undermines their potential and contributions to the workforce. In the past, societal
norms dictated that women primarily managed household responsibilities while men
worked outside their home to earn money. This division was not only a reflection of the
economic structure but also of the limited opportunities available to women. However,
as society evolved, especially towards gender equality, so did the understanding of Deleted: ,
women’s capabilities and rights. Today, women have access to education and career

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opportunities like never before, leading to significant contributions in various fields, from
science and technology to politics and arts. History is replete with examples of women
who have made significant contributions to society through their hard work and
dedication such as Sheryl Sandberg, the COO of Facebook, launched the Lean in
movement to support women in achieving their career goals, while also authoring the
best-selling book ‘Lean In: Women, Work, and the Will to Lead’,further emphasizing the
role of women in this day and age.. As such, advocating that women should not work Deleted: which encourages women to pursue their
hard is a regression to civilization for severely underestimating women's roles. professional ambitions
Deleted: a time
Furthermore, advocating this view is synonymous with perpetuating traditional gender
roles, which limit opportunities for both women and men. Gender equality is not only a
matter of fairness but also a driver of economic and social development. When women Deleted: When women participate fully in the workforce,
participate fully in the workforce, they contribute significantly to the economy, as studies they contribute significantly to the economy, and dual-
income households will likely achieve greater financial
have shown that with special chemical compounds in their brains, women often have stability.
better financial management skills compared to men. This lauded ability to control
finances helps dual-income households achieve greater financial stability, ensuring
more prudent spending, and overall improved fiscal health for the family. Aside from
that, leadership and influence gained through professional success also position women
as role models, challenging stereotypes and encouraging younger generations to
pursue their ambitions without limitations. In turn, this influence fosters a more equitable
society where gender does not dictate one’s potential, thus, paving the way for a more Deleted: future generations, creating
inclusive and diverse workplace.

In conclusion, the idea that women should not work hard to make money but should
instead focus on family care is outdated and detrimental because it undermines
women’s potential, and perpetuates gender inequality.

TÀI LIỆU DÙNG CHO MỤC ĐÍCH GIÁO DỤC, VUI LÒNG DẪN TÊN VÀ NGUỒN KHI TÁI SỬ DỤNG
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118. Do you agree that universities should accept equal numbers of male and
female students in every subject or not? To what extent do you agree or
disagree?

The subject of male to female student ratio in university classes has been a trending
topic in recent debates on gender equality. In this regard, it is proposed that university
seats should be equally allocated between male and female students for every course.
However, I strongly disagree with this view, because focusing on gender would
undermine national progress and lead to inequality towards well-qualified students.

To begin with, implementing this proposal would degrade the productivity of our nation
by wasting the talents of skilled individuals and setting up students to underperform.
Disqualifying deserving students from a class simply to maintain the set ratio of male to
female students will waste their precious time and delay their graduation and
employment, which will negatively impact our national economy. Furthermore, such a
proposal would undermine the importance of hard work and result in underperformance
as students learn to rely more on their gender for admission than their competence.

Ironically, such an attempt to create gender equality in universities would give rise to a
new form of inequality. Many deserving students would be deprived of equal
educational opportunity and this can demotivate students to pursue further education.
Numerous hardworking students take their education very seriously and to disqualify

TÀI LIỆU DÙNG CHO MỤC ĐÍCH GIÁO DỤC, VUI LÒNG DẪN TÊN VÀ NGUỒN KHI TÁI SỬ DỤNG
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them from a class only because of their gender would be a great injustice. In fact, such
injustice can easily demotivate students as they lose faith in the educational system or
begin to doubt their abilities.

In conclusion, university seats should not be equally distributed between male and
female students, because focusing on gender would undermine national progress and
result in inequality towards well-qualified students. As such, I strongly urge school
boards across our nation to reject such proposals.

Hồng: Cohesive devices

Xanh: Coordinating conjunctions
Vàng nâu: Subordinating conjunction

BAND 9

119. [16/07] If old people are no longer physically, mentally or financially able to
look after themselves, younger family members should be legally responsible for
supporting them. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Nominalization trong Writing, using verb, adverb, adjective -> noun, roi doi vai tro cua
no trong cau.

If we use social media too much, our relationships may become more superficial.
-> using social media too much could make our relationships more superficial.
If we rely too much on computers to work, our core skills would not develop.
-> relying too much on computers to work could impede our core skills.
To what extent-> thì mình mới trả lời đồng ý một phần hoặc không đồng ý một phần

Some people think that when an older individual fails to take care of himself or herself
physically, mentally, or financially, there should be a legal obligation that young family
members must look after them.

Once an older person fails to take care of himself or herself regarding their physical and
mental well-being or their financial capabilities start to become troubled. younger
members in the family should start looking after them.

TÀI LIỆU DÙNG CHO MỤC ĐÍCH GIÁO DỤC, VUI LÒNG DẪN TÊN VÀ NGUỒN KHI TÁI SỬ DỤNG
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Some people are of the opinion that a failure to be responsible for a senior individuals’
physical, mental, or financial aspects should invoke a legal binding that forces young
family members to start looking after them.

Some people think that young family members should start taking care of senior ones
once they fail to be responsible for their mental, physical, and even financial
competencies.

-> Personally, I partly/ totally agree/ disagree with this suggestion based on some
reasons that are explained in this essay

Nghĩa vụ về mặt đạo đức - moral obligations

Deleted: young people have a moral obligation to take
-> nội dung không đủ để thuyết phục người đọc -> chỗ khó, quan trọng care of the older ones in their families. The reason is
that the older ones once took care of the younger ones.
-> bố mẹ đã có công nuôi dưỡng-> nên con cái phải pay back là bình thường
Deleted: ¶
tuy nhiên: đề không phải chỉ nói bố mẹ, mà nói chung người già
-> cụ thể hóa đối tượng -> chỉ nên bao gồm những người có công nuôi dưỡng Deleted: -> older -> đâu chỉ là bố mẹ/ mà ngay cả bố
mẹ cũng chưa chắc đã 100% cover toàn bộ quá trình
thôi lớn lên của cả 1 người.
Deleted: ¶
On the one hand, such a measure should cover older people who were previously
Deleted: Based on the culture of some countries, there
responsible for raising and taking care of other younger members. In most of the cases is a moral obligation for younger persons to look after
in society, parents are legally responsible for taking care of their children, spending their older family members. This is why younger people
enormous amounts of time and effort. This process has indirectly led to future issues for should take care of the senior ones’ well-being once
their ability to sustain their lives becomes crumbed.
older people, including the drainage of their financial resources and the waning states of
their health. This is why young people should be responsible for taking care of older
people’s health, especially if they were taken care of by them in the past.

Frame: từ tổng thể - đi đến cụ thể - rồi lại suy rộng ra tổng thể.

CTA - characteristic-trait association - giải thích đối tượng, hành vi

Việc take care older persons khi mà họ k còn sức khỏe và tài chính -> có những yêu
cầu và trở ngại gì/ mà
Người trẻ - với những hạn chế của họ, không thể thực hiện được.

Taking care of an old person requires massive financial resources due to their
deteriorating health which leads to increasingly expensive medical bills. Unfortunately,
young people, who have usually entered a profession for a short period of time, lack the
financial capabilities for such a taxing task. This is why proposing a law that forces them
to take care of older members in their families is unrealistic and not appropriate.

-> Some people endorse/champion the view that once the physicality, mentality,
or financial competency of a senior individual degrades below sufficiency,
younger members in the family should be legally required to take care of them.
My personal opinion only aligns partially with this suggestion based on reasons
elucidated in this essay.

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On the one hand, the scope of such a legal mandate should extend to older
individuals who were previously responsible for raising the younger members. In
most families, parents are legally obliged to raise their offspring, which is taxing
from both mental and physical aspects. Thus, any deterioration in financial,
mental, and physical states of senior individuals is related to a degree to such a
taxing process. As a result, it is appropriate for the laws to require the support of
younger people once those who have helped raise them become physically,
mentally, or financially incapacitated. This reciprocal care can be seen as a way
to honor the sacrifices and efforts made by the older generation, ensuring they
are not left destitute or neglected in their time of need.

However, a broader coverage of all older members is irrational due to financial

constraints. Not every younger family member may have the financial capacity to
support their elders, especially in cases where the economic burden is
substantial. Younger individuals may be struggling with their own financial
obligations, such as mortgages, education loans, and raising their children.
Imposing a legal requirement to support elderly family members in all
circumstances could lead to undue financial stress and potential economic
instability for the younger generation. Additionally, the dynamics within families
can be complex, and not all relationships may be conducive to such an
obligation. There may be instances of estranged relationships, abuse, or neglect,
where enforcing a legal duty to care for an older family member could lead to
further harm or resentment.

In conclusion, while the idea of legally mandating younger family members to

support their elderly relatives has its merits, it is essential to consider the
broader implications and potential challenges. Placing the entire burden on
younger individuals may be financially unrealistic and could hinder their own
development and well-being

TÀI LIỆU DÙNG CHO MỤC ĐÍCH GIÁO DỤC, VUI LÒNG DẪN TÊN VÀ NGUỒN KHI TÁI SỬ DỤNG
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120. Students at school and university have to take too many tests and exams.
These tests make it harder to teach and harder to learn and put students under
unnecessary pressure. Is this a fair comment?

advantages - disadvantages - be specific

fact-based subjects
higher-level students
emotionally-stable students
practical subjects
weaker subjects
students who are easily upset

A moderate position
Although there are more benefits, the negative sides should not be neglected.

Advantages of testing: It lets teachers know how well students are doing and what they
have and have not understood.
allowing students to see if they are making good progress
promote a healthy sense of competition and motivation

Disadvantages: not always reflect ability the cleverest students do well in the test
can be very stressful and emotionally damaging
focus on the tests and not enjoy learning progress…

Schoolchildren have been asked to sit examinations for centuries. Students in every
corner of the globe are regularly tested by their teachers in academic institutions. There

TÀI LIỆU DÙNG CHO MỤC ĐÍCH GIÁO DỤC, VUI LÒNG DẪN TÊN VÀ NGUỒN KHI TÁI SỬ DỤNG
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is no doubt that, in the correct circumstances, testing can be a valuable tool. However,
when used wrongly or excessively, the test may become a dangerous weapon and be
detrimental both to the tutor and the learner.

Educators can point to a number of advantages of testing. Setting tests can help to
develop a positive sense of competition amongst students, which can inspire them to
learn effectively and perform successfully. Similarly, exams can demonstrate to pupils
how much progress they have made and the areas in which they are doing well. This
could be extremely motivating. Furthermore, exams demonstrate to teachers what their
pupils have learnt and what needs to be revised later. This may make teaching more
effective.

At the same time however, it is necessary to acknowledge the potential weaknesses

and dangers associated with examining. Firstly, tests can be excessively stressful for
candidates and may even lead to nervous breakdowns or, in the worst-case scenario,
attempted suicide. Likewise, they can result in too much competitiveness between
fellow-students and those who achieve lower scores may experience lower self-esteem
or suffer from being bullied. Finally, exams can be extremely unfair. Some students
consistently achieve low exam scores despite being academically bright. These
individuals are unlikely to reach institutions of higher education, even though they
deserve to.

In conclusion, it is fair to say that testing can be of great benefit both to those who teach
and those who study. Nevertheless, tests must be used sparingly and with caution as
they can, at times, be both damaging and unjust.

BAND 9

TÀI LIỆU DÙNG CHO MỤC ĐÍCH GIÁO DỤC, VUI LÒNG DẪN TÊN VÀ NGUỒN KHI TÁI SỬ DỤNG
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121. These days, in many countries, fewer people go to the cinema to watch
movies than in the past. Why is this? Is it a good thing or a bad thing?

Explanation opinion essay

There has been a significant drop in cinema attendances in most parts of the world.
Movie-theaters which used to be packed are now invariably half-empty. The following
essay will examine the reasons for this fall in popularity and consider whether it is a
positive or negative trend/ We clearly need to analyze the reasons for this
disturbing/ worrying trend./ This essay will examine why this reduction in popularity
has taken place and suggest that it is predominantly positive/ negative/ This essay will
examine why this reduction in popularity has taken place and suggest that it can be both
a positive and a negative development.

Body paragraph 1 (causes)

1. financial : tickets are expensive
2. technological: rent video or watch movies online
3. social: social attitudes have changed
Body paragraph 2 (opinion: more negative than positive)
1 positive point: greater choice
2 negative points: job lost/ damage society: damages a sense community

This spectacular change in viewing habits has financial, technological and social issues.
Firstly, cinema tickets can be horrendously expensive and parents in particular are
reluctant to spend on luxuries when there are cheaper alternatives. As well as that,

TÀI LIỆU DÙNG CHO MỤC ĐÍCH GIÁO DỤC, VUI LÒNG DẪN TÊN VÀ NGUỒN KHI TÁI SỬ DỤNG
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enormous technological changes need to be mentioned. It is now quick and convenient

to rent a movie online and watch it on a laptop or smartphone in the comfort of your own
home. Finally, social attitudes have changed and many communal activities have
become less popular. Cultures tend to be far more individualistic than they used to be
and many prefer to watch films alone or with smaller groups of friends.

The consequences of this development are probably more negative than positive from
the perspective of film-lovers, this represents a definite improvement. Online providers
give them greater choice for less money. However, from the viewpoint of the vast
majority employed by cinemas and others working in the film industry, the outlook is
bleak. Thousands have already lost their jobs, and this trend has not shown signs of
slowing down. Finally, it can be argued that this development damages society. When
humans spend less time participating in activities with strangers, their sense of
community is diminished. They may begin to trust their fellow-human less and have less
empathy with them. This can clearly have serious repercussions for society as a whole.

In conclusion, for the reasons stated above, audience figures in cinemas will probably
continue to drop. Although this is understandable, it saddens film-lovers, who are
convinced that nothing compares with the amazing experience of watching a movie on a
big screen.
Band 9
122. [Festivals] Most people have forgotten the meaning behind traditional or
religious festivals; during festival periods, people nowadays only want to enjoy
themselves. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?

Some people argue that we no longer remember the original meaning of festivals, and
that most of us treat them as opportunities to have fun. While I agree that enjoyment
seems to be the priority during festival times, I do not agree that people have forgotten
what these festivals mean.

On the one hand, religious and traditional festivals have certainly become times for
celebration. In the UK, Christmas is a good example of a festival period when people
are most concerned with shopping, giving and receiving presents, decorating their
homes and enjoying traditional meals with their families. Most people look forward to
Christmas as a holiday period, rather than a time to practise religion. Similar behaviour
can be seen during non-religious festivals, such as Bonfire Night. People associate this
occasion with making fires, watching firework displays, and perhaps going to large
events in local parks; in other words, enjoyment is people’s primary goal.

However, I disagree with the idea that the underlying meaning of such festivals has
been forgotten. In UK primary schools, children learn in detail about the religious
reasons for celebrating Christmas, Easter and a variety of festivals in other religions.
For example, in late December, children sing Christmas songs which have a religious
content, and they may even perform nativity plays telling the story of Jesus’ birth.
Families also play a role in passing knowledge of religious festivals’ deeper significance

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on to the next generation. The same is true for festivals that have a historical
background, such as Bonfire Night or Halloween, in the sense that people generally
learn the stories behind these occasions at an early age.

In conclusion, although people mainly want to enjoy themselves during festivals, I

believe that they are still aware of the reasons for these celebrations.

123. [Extreme sports] Extreme sports such as sky diving and skiing are very
dangerous and should be banned. To what extent do you agree or disagree with
this view?

In recent years, extreme sports have become increasingly popular, and some people
argue that governments should prohibit them. I completely disagree with the idea that
these sports are too dangerous to be banned.

In my opinion, so-called extreme sports are not as dangerous as many people think. All
sports involve some element of risk, and there should always be clear regulations and
safety procedures to reduce the possibility of accidents. People who take part in
extreme sports are usually required to undergo appropriate training so that the dangers
are minimized. For example, anyone who wants to try skydiving will need to sign up for
lessons with a registered club, and beginners are not allowed to dive solo, they must be
accompanied by an experienced professional. Finally, the protective equipment and
technology used in sports from motor racing to mountain climbing is constantly
improving safety.

While I support regulations and safety measures, I believe that it would be wrong, and
almost impossible, to ban extreme sports. In the first place, we should all be free to
decide how we spend our leisure time; as long as we understand the risks, I do not
believe that politicians should stop us from enjoying ourselves. However, an even
stronger argument against such a ban would be the difficulty of enforcing it. Many of the

TÀI LIỆU DÙNG CHO MỤC ĐÍCH GIÁO DỤC, VUI LÒNG DẪN TÊN VÀ NGUỒN KHI TÁI SỬ DỤNG
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most risky sports, like base jumping or big wave surfing, are practiced far away from the
reach of any authorities. I cannot imagine the police being called to stop people from
parachuting off a mountain face or surfing on an isolated beach.

In conclusion, I would argue that people should be free to enjoy extreme sports as long
as they understand the risks involved and take the appropriate precautions.

124. [Responsibility of business] As well as making money, businesses also have

social responsibilities. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Businesses have always sought to make a profit, but it is becoming increasingly

common to hear people talk about the social obligations that companies have. I
completely agree with the idea that businesses should do more for society than simply
make money.

On the one hand, I accept that businesses must make money in order to survive in a
competitive world. It seems logical that the priority of any company should be to cover
its running costs, such as employees’ wages and payments for buildings and utilities.
On top of these costs, companies also need to invest in improvements and innovations
if they wish to remain successful. If a company is unable to pay its bills or meet the
changing needs of customers, any concerns about social responsibilities become
irrelevant. In other words, a company can only make a positive contribution to society if
it is in good financial health.

On the other hand, companies should not be run with the sole aim of maximizing profit;
they have a wider role to play in society. One social obligation that owners and
managers have is to treat their employees well, rather than exploiting them. For
example, they could pay a “living wage” to ensure that workers have a good quality of
life. I also champion the idea that businesses could use a proportion of their profits to

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support local charities, environmental projects or education initiatives. Finally, instead of

trying to minimize their tax payments by using accounting loopholes, I believe that
company bosses should be willing to contribute to society through the tax system.

In conclusion, I believe that companies should place as much importance on their social
responsibilities as they do on their financial objectives.

125. [Climate change] Some people think that instead of preventing climate
change, we need to find a way to live with it. To what extent do you agree or
disagree?

Climate change represents a major threat to life on Earth, but some people argue that
we need to accept it rather than try to stop it. I completely disagree with this opinion,
because I believe that we still have time to tackle this issue and reduce the human
impact on the Earth's climate.

There are various measures that governments and individuals could take to prevent, or
at least mitigate, climate change. Governments could introduce laws to limit the carbon
dioxide emissions that lead to global warming by imposing “green taxes” on drivers,
airline companies and other polluters, or investing in renewable energy production from
solar, wind or water power. As individuals, we should also try to limit our contribution to
climate change, by becoming more energy efficient, by flying less, and by using bicycles
and public transport. Furthermore, the public can affect the actions of governments by
voting for politicians who propose to tackle climate change, rather than for those who
would prefer to ignore it.

If instead of taking the above measures we simply try to live with climate change, I
believe that the consequences will be disastrous. To give just one example, I am not

TÀI LIỆU DÙNG CHO MỤC ĐÍCH GIÁO DỤC, VUI LÒNG DẪN TÊN VÀ NGUỒN KHI TÁI SỬ DỤNG
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optimistic that we would be able to cope with even a small rise in sea levels. Millions of
people would be displaced by flooding, particularly in countries that do not have the
means to safeguard low-lying areas. These people would lose their homes and their
jobs, and they would be forced to migrate to nearby cities or perhaps to other countries.
The potential for human suffering would be huge, and it is likely that we would see
outbreaks of disease and famine, as well as increased homelessness and poverty-
stricken situations.

In conclusion, it is clear to me that we must address the problem of climate change, and
I disagree with those who argue that we can find ways to live with it.

126. [Online news] Although more and more people read news on the Internet,
newspapers will remain the most important sources of news.
Do you agree or disagree?

Despite the increasing number of individuals turning to online platforms for their news,
some argue that newspapers will still play the most crucial role in disseminating news. I
disagree with this viewpoint for some reasons that are now further discussed in the
following essay.

It has to be acknowledged that online news offers immediacy and accessibility that
traditional newspapers cannot match. Breaking news is available in real-time, allowing
readers to stay informed about global events as they unfold. Furthermore, online news
platforms are accessible from anywhere with an Internet connection, making it
convenient for users to stay updated on the go. In contrast, newspapers have a slower
production cycle, typically providing updates on a daily basis. This time lag means that
by the time a newspaper is published, the news it contains might already be outdated.
Additionally, newspapers are physical objects that require distribution networks, which
can be limiting in terms of reach and immediacy. This comparison highlights the
superior timeliness and accessibility of online news, suggesting a shift in consumer
preference towards digital sources.

TÀI LIỆU DÙNG CHO MỤC ĐÍCH GIÁO DỤC, VUI LÒNG DẪN TÊN VÀ NGUỒN KHI TÁI SỬ DỤNG
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Critics may argue that the credibility and reliability of online news sources are often
questionable, leading to the spread of misinformation. While it is true that the digital
landscape can sometimes facilitate the proliferation of fake news, reputable online news
outlets maintain rigorous journalistic standards similar to traditional newspapers.
Furthermore, digital platforms are continually developing tools and technologies to
combat misinformation, such as fact-checking services and algorithms designed to flag
false content. By prioritizing credible sources and educating readers on media literacy,
the advantages of online news can be harnessed without compromising on reliability.

In conclusion, while newspapers have historically been vital sources of news, the
advantages of online news platforms suggest a shift in consumer preference towards
digital sources. Therefore, it is clear that the Internet, rather than newspapers, will
become the more important sources of news in the future.

127. These days, many students rely on AI-powered tools for study, which loses
their creativity and autonomy.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?

The integration of AI-powered tools in education has sparked a debate regarding their
detrimental impacts on students’ independent thinking and originality. I totally disagree
with this viewpoint due to the fact that AI-powered programs, when used effectively, can
actually enhance students’ creative abilities and foster greater autonomy in their
learning endeavors.

Critics might argue that reliance on AI for solving tasks could make students become
lazy, diminishing their ability to think originally. However, this concern overlooks the role
of educators in guiding students on how to use these tools effectively. When teachers
incorporate AI tools as part of a broader curriculum that emphasizes critical thinking and
problem-solving, students can learn to use these tools as aids rather than crutches. This
approach ensures that AI enhances rather than replaces their creative efforts. Another
advantage of AI is that it can automate repetitive tasks, allowing students to dedicate
more time to brainstorming and thinking innovatively. By offering new ways to visualize
problems and solutions, AI tools can actually help students develop their creative skills
in ways that were previously unimaginable.

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To add further credence to my assertion, I note that AI tools can also promote greater
autonomy among students by personalizing the learning experience. In the past,
traditional learning methods often involved a one-size-fits-all approach when all
students receive the same content regardless of their individual learning pace or style.
This could lead to some students feeling left behind while others are not sufficiently
challenged. However, as AI-powered tools have been becoming more prevalent, it is
easy to customize educational content to fit the unique needs of each student. This
ensures that students who need more time to grasp concepts can learn at a slower
pace, while those who are quicker learners can move ahead without being held back.
This superiority to traditional learning methods underscores how AI tools can foster a
more personalized and effective learning environment, ultimately promoting greater
autonomy and self-directed learning among students.

In conclusion, the notion that AI-driven tools diminish students’ creativity and autonomy
is not sound. On the contrary, these tools, when integrated thoughtfully, can enhance
creative thinking and promote independent learning.

128. [Crimes] Some people who have been in prison become good citizens later,
and it is often argued that these are the best people to talk to teenagers about the
dangers of committing a crime.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Some people are of the belief that ex-prisoners who have subsequently reformed are
especially effective in educating teenagers about the dangers of criminal activity. I
largely agree with this perspective for some reasons elucidated in the following essay.

One of the most compelling reasons that ex-prisoners can be effective speakers is their
real-life experience and authenticity. Having first-hand knowledge of the consequences
of criminal behavior, they can provide genuine and detailed accounts of the prison
environment, the challenges faced upon reentry into society, and the long-term impacts
of having a criminal record. This authenticity can resonate deeply with teenagers, who
might be more inclined to listen to and respect someone who has “been there” rather
than someone who only knows about crime in theory. Moreover, their ability to turn their
lives around and become contributing members of society can serve as a powerful
example for teenagers. These individuals demonstrate that it is possible to make
positive changes even after significant mistakes, reinforcing the idea that one’s past

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does not have to dictate one’s future. This message can be incredibly influential in
encouraging teenagers to avoid criminal activities and strive for personal growth.

Another key factor is the relatability and empathy that ex-prisoners can offer. Teenagers
are often in a stage of life where they are seeking understanding and validation. Ex-
prisoners, having experienced the temptations and pressures that might lead to criminal
behavior, can connect with teenagers on a personal level. They can share relatable
stories of peer pressure, poor decision-making, and the false allure of criminal activities,
making the dangers of crime more tangible and real. Critics might argue that people
who committed crime might not be the best role models for teenagers because their
presence might inadvertently glamorize the criminal lifestyle or that they might not have
fully rehabilitated. However, this concern can be mitigated by carefully selecting
individuals who have demonstrated consistent, positive behavior post-incarceration and
have actively engaged in community service or mentorship programs. These individuals
can emphasize the hard work and dedication required to overcome their past and build
a better future, offering a balanced and responsible message to teenagers.

In conclusion, individuals who have been in prison and later become good citizens
possess unique characteristics that make them effective in talking to teenagers about
the dangers of lawbreaking.

129. [Child Education] Families who send their children to private schools should
not be required to pay taxes that support the state education system. To what
extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?

1. Some people believe that parents of children who attend private schools should not
contribute to state schools through taxes. Personally, I completely disagree with this
view.

For a variety of reasons, it would be wrong to reduce taxes for families who pay for
private education. Firstly, it would be difficult to calculate the correct amount of tax
reduction for these families, and staff would be required to manage this complex
process. Secondly, we all pay a certain amount of tax for public services that may not
be used. For example, most people are fortunate enough not to have to call the police
or fire brigade at any time in their lives, but they would not expect a tax reduction for
this. Finally, if wealthy families were given a tax discount for sending their children to
private schools, we might have a situation where poorer people pay higher taxes than
the rich.

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In my opinion, we should all be willing to pay our share of the money that supports
public schools. It is beneficial for all members of society to have a high quality education
system with equal opportunities for all young people. This will result in a well-educated
workforce, and in turn a more productive and prosperous nation. Parents of children in
private schools may also see the advantages of this in their own lives. For example, a
company owner will need well qualified and competent staff, and a well-funded
education system can provide such employees.

In conclusion, I do not believe that any financial concessions should be made for people
who choose private education.

2. The question of whether families who send their children to private schools should
still be required to pay taxes that support the state education system is a subject of
debate. While some argue that private school parents should be exempt from such
taxes, I disagree with this viewpoint.

Granted, one might argue that families who pay for private education are already
contributing to the educational system through their tuition fees, and therefore should
not be required to pay taxes that fund public schools. This perspective suggests that
these families are “double taxed” since they are paying for both private education and
contributing to state education through taxes. However, this line of reasoning is not
sound as it overlooks the fundamental nature of taxation, which is designed to fund a
range of public services that benefit society broadly. Public education, even for those
not using it directly, plays a crucial role in fostering an educated workforce, reducing
social inequalities, and contributing to the country’s overall prosperity. Without taxes,
the state education system would struggle to provide equal opportunities for all children,
regardless of their background or economic situation.
Moreover, the impact of funding public education extends beyond the immediate
beneficiaries. When children from diverse backgrounds are educated in a public system,
they gain not only academic skills but also social and cultural capital. These children will
eventually contribute to society, whether through employment, taxes, or other means.
By maintaining taxes that fund state schools, families who opt for private education are
indirectly investing in a society where all children have access to quality education,
which ultimately benefits everyone. Additionally, public education helps reduce the
social divide between different socioeconomic groups, ensuring social cohesion and
long-term stability.

In conclusion, while families who send their children to private schools may feel that
they should be exempt from taxes supporting public education, the benefits of
maintaining such taxes for the broader public good far outweigh this concern. Taxation
for public education ensures that all children, regardless of their background, have
access to equal opportunities, contributing to the well-being and prosperity of society as
a whole. Therefore, I believe that families should continue to contribute to the state
education system through taxes.

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130. [Celebrities] Nowadays celebrities are more famous for their glamor and
wealth than for their achievements, and this sets a bad example to young people.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?

In today’s world, many celebrities are celebrated more for their glamor, wealth, and
extravagant lifestyles than for their real achievements or contributions to society. This
has raised concerns about the influence these public figures have on young people. I
largely agree with the statement that this trend sets a poor example for the younger
generation, as it fosters unrealistic aspirations and misplaced values.

Celebrities who prioritize glamor and wealth over meaningful accomplishments can
send the wrong message to impressionable youth. Young people may come to believe
that fame and material success are the ultimate goals in life, and that hard work, talent,
and dedication are less important than superficial appearances. This skewed perception
of success can lead young people to focus more on looking wealthy and glamorous,
often resorting to unsustainable lifestyle choices in an attempt to emulate their idols. For
instance, the rise of social media influencers who flaunt luxury goods has already

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contributed to increased consumerism and pressure on young people to live beyond

their means.

Furthermore, the focus on glamor and wealth can distort young people's understanding
of success and personal fulfillment. In the past, public figures were often admired for
their achievements in fields like science, literature, or philanthropy. However, the current
trend of celebrating celebrities for their fame rather than for their meaningful
contributions risks overshadowing the importance of hard-earned success. This shift
can negatively impact the development of values such as perseverance, integrity, and
hard work, which are essential for long-term success and personal growth. As a result,
young people may prioritize superficial goals over genuine accomplishments, leading to
disappointment and frustration when reality does not match their unrealistic
expectations.

In conclusion, I believe that the increasing tendency to glorify celebrities for their glamor
and wealth rather than their achievements sets a poor example for young people. It
promotes a focus on materialism and appearance over substance and hard work, which
can have harmful effects on their aspirations and personal development. Society should
encourage young people to value real accomplishments and inner qualities, rather than
superficial success.

131. Health services are a basic necessity. However, private companies have
them quite costly for ordinary individuals.
Do the advantages of private health care outweigh its advantages?

Commercialization
Although healthcare is an inseparable part of people around the world, the
commercialization has increased the cost to an unbearable level.. Personally, I believe
that this development///
Benefits-> để giới thiệu 1 loại thuốc ra thị trường -> antibiotics - 1.5 - 2 million USD/
cancer medication - 2-3 million USD / PD -1/ PD1-1 checkpoint inhibitors. companies
honor legal mandates to prioritize the benefits of their stakeholders./ increased revenue
can help with research and development -> leading to better healthcare.
không thể nói thương khách hàng mà giảm giá.
On the one hand, there are some major benefits associated with the increased cost of
healthcare caused by large companies. Companies are required by laws to maximize

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the investment of their stakeholders. Thus, they must increase the cost of healthcare to
benefit their investors. Also, by charging more for their products and services,
healthcare providers can accumulate more money, which can be used for developing
new treatments and medications. For instance, a modern version of the MRI machine,
which can detect very early signs of cancer, costs around 50% more than the previous
versions. This can not be acquired if the cost of healthcare is not becoming increasingly
expensive.

On the other hand, the problems associated with consumers’ rights and the ethical
conduct of large companies can not be ignored. Authorities generally grant
unprecedented protection for innovative medical solutions, which can help producers
gain back their resources. Nevertheless, many companies have exploited this strength
by establishing a monopoly over the market, driving up the cost of their medications and
treatments to an unbearable level. Unfortunately, as people’s purchasing power
decreases due to inflation, the increased cost makes it harder for people to access
healthcare, decreasing their quality of living significantly. -> characteristic - trait
association.

[On the other hand, the problems associated with consumers’ rights and the ethical
conduct of large companies can not be ignored. Authorities often protect innovative
medical solutions by granting them intellectual parents that ensure the profitability of
medical producers and providers. Unfortunately, many companies are exploiting this
privilege by establishing a monopoly over the market, making their products very
expensive. As people’s purchasing power decreases due to inflation, the problem
becomes much more severe, decreasing accessibility to healthcare and plunging
people’s quality of living]

In conclusion, I believe that this trend has more benefits than drawbacks. Ultimately, the
healthcare industry should be part of the free market, where prices are driven up and
down based on demand. Thus, when the cost becomes more expensive, it gives
opportunity for new competitions and better solutions for customers. Nevertheless, the
government should still establish oversights over the pricing strategies of companies to
ensure a high level of accessibility to healthcare for all citizens.
132. [Job and Money] When choosing a job, the salary is the most important
consideration.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Many people prioritize wages over other factors when securing a job. However, I
completely disagree with this viewpoint for some reasons that are now further discussed
in the following essay.

Of course, a high salary can provide financial comfort, but it does not guarantee job
satisfaction. Job satisfaction comes from engaging work, a sense of accomplishment,
and the joy of contributing to meaningful projects. Jobs that are fulfilling and aligned with
personal interests and values can lead to greater happiness and motivation.

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Conversely, a high-paying job that one finds uninteresting or stressful can lead to
burnout and dissatisfaction. Work-life balance is another critical factor often
overshadowed by salary considerations. A job that pays well but demands excessive
hours can strain personal relationships and lead to health issues, ultimately negating
the benefits of a higher salary.

Career growth and development opportunities are essential considerations that often
outweigh salary in the long run. A job that offers a clear path for advancement,
professional development programs, and skill-building opportunities can lead to greater
long-term rewards, both financially and professionally. A lower initial salary in a job with
substantial growth prospects can eventually surpass the financial benefits of a higher-
paying job with limited advancement opportunities.

Critics might argue that a well-paid salary can make up for a poor work environment or
limited growth opportunities. However, I would argue that this view underestimates the
impact of daily work experiences on overall well-being. Continuous exposure to a
negative work environment can lead to chronic stress, affecting both mental and
physical health. At the same time, without opportunities for growth, employees may feel
stuck and unmotivated, leading to decreased job performance and satisfaction. Thus, a
high salary will make individuals go nowhere when there is a lack of a positive work
environment and career development.

In conclusion, while salary is an important factor in job selection, it should not be the
most important consideration.

133.[Hobbies] Some people believe that hobbies need to be difficult to be

enjoyable.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Some individuals hold the view that hobbies need to be challenging to truly be
enjoyable. They argue that the satisfaction of mastering a difficult skill is what makes
the activity fulfilling. However, I disagree with this notion to a large extent. While some
people may find enjoyment in overcoming challenges, others derive equal, if not more,
joy from simpler, more relaxing pastimes that allow them to unwind without pressure.

There is merit to the idea that challenging hobbies can be highly rewarding. Engaging in
difficult activities such as playing a musical instrument, mastering a sport, or solving
complex puzzles can provide a sense of accomplishment and personal growth. For
many, the enjoyment comes from the journey of overcoming obstacles, learning new

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skills, and eventually mastering the craft. This type of challenge can foster self-discipline
and perseverance, making the hobby both enjoyable and enriching. However, this form
of enjoyment is not universal, and it overlooks the value of relaxation that simpler
hobbies provide.

On the other hand, many people find joy in hobbies that are easy and relaxing, such as
reading, gardening, or watching films. These activities may not present significant
challenges, but they offer mental and emotional benefits by allowing individuals to
disconnect from the stress of everyday life. Simple hobbies can bring happiness through
comfort, relaxation, and creativity, rather than through the satisfaction of overcoming
difficulties. For many, hobbies serve as a refuge from the demands of work or other
responsibilities, and making them overly difficult might diminish their enjoyment. In this
sense, the value of a hobby lies not in its complexity, but in how it meets an individual’s
emotional and psychological needs.

In conclusion, while challenging hobbies can be fulfilling for those who enjoy the
process of overcoming obstacles, I believe that hobbies do not need to be difficult to be
enjoyable. The primary purpose of a hobby is to bring joy and relaxation, whether
through challenge or simplicity. Ultimately, the enjoyment derived from a hobby
depends on personal preference, and people should feel free to engage in activities that
make them happy, regardless of how difficult or easy they may be.

134. [Hobbies - trends or not] Popular hobbies and interests change over time
and are more a reflection of trends and fashions than an indication of what
individuals really want to do in their spare time. To what extent do you agree or
disagree?

Hobbies and interests have evolved over the years, often influenced by trends and
societal changes. Some argue that the activities people pursue in their free time are
more a reflection of fleeting fashions than a genuine expression of personal desires. I
agree to a certain extent with this view, as trends certainly shape popular hobbies;
however, I also believe that individuals still choose hobbies based on their personal
preferences and needs.

There is no denying that popular hobbies are influenced by trends and societal
changes. Social media, in particular, plays a significant role in promoting certain

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activities, such as fitness routines, crafting, or the latest digital trends like gaming and
streaming. People often follow what is "in vogue" to feel connected or relevant within
their social circles. For example, during the pandemic, activities such as home workouts
or baking became widespread because of their visibility online, reflecting how quickly
hobbies can shift based on collective trends rather than deep personal interests. In this
sense, hobbies can indeed be shaped by the desire to keep up with current fashions.

Despite the influence of trends, many people still engage in hobbies that align with their
personal interests and long-term desires. Individuals often pursue activities that bring
them joy, relaxation, or fulfillment, regardless of their popularity. Classic hobbies such
as reading, painting, or gardening have endured for centuries because they meet
fundamental human needs for creativity, learning, or tranquility. Furthermore, even if a
trend initially introduces someone to a new hobby, they may continue the activity if it
genuinely resonates with their personality or lifestyle. For instance, a person may try
yoga because it is trendy, but continue practicing it long after the trend fades if they find
it personally fulfilling.

In conclusion, while trends and fashions undoubtedly influence the popularity of certain
hobbies, it is incorrect to assume that all hobbies are purely trend-driven. Many
individuals choose activities that reflect their true interests and offer long-lasting
fulfillment. Ultimately, hobbies are a combination of both external trends and personal
preference, and people will always gravitate toward what genuinely resonates with
them, regardless of the latest fashion.

135. [Historical sites] Foreign visitors should pay more than local visitors for
cultural and historical attractions.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?

The question of whether foreign visitors should pay more than locals for access to
cultural and historical attractions is a matter of debate. Some believe that since tourists
visit these sites out of choice, they should contribute more financially. However, I
disagree with this opinion, as it creates unfairness and could discourage tourism.
Moreover, cultural and historical attractions should be accessible to everyone equally,
regardless of their nationality.

Charging foreign visitors more than locals is fundamentally unfair, as it penalizes people
based solely on their nationality. Cultural and historical attractions are often preserved
for the appreciation of all humanity, not just locals, and imposing higher fees on

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foreigners may create a sense of exclusion. Additionally, if tourists feel they are being
overcharged, it could harm the image of the destination, making them less likely to
return or recommend it to others. Tourism plays a crucial role in many economies, and
discriminatory pricing could reduce the number of foreign visitors, ultimately affecting
revenue for the tourism industry as a whole.

Cultural and historical attractions represent shared human history and should be
accessible to everyone on equal terms. Charging foreign visitors more undermines the
principle that cultural heritage belongs to all people. Many tourists travel specifically to
experience and learn about other cultures, contributing to cultural exchange and
understanding. Higher fees for foreigners could prevent some individuals from
experiencing this, particularly those from less affluent countries. It is important to keep
these sites accessible to a wide range of visitors, fostering mutual appreciation and
education.

In conclusion, I believe that foreign visitors should not be required to pay more than
locals for access to cultural and historical attractions. Such practices create unfairness
and may deter tourists, ultimately harming the tourism industry. Cultural heritage is a
collective resource, and equal access should be prioritized to promote global
understanding and appreciation.

136. [Unpaid work] Some people think that all teenagers should be required to do
unpaid work in their free time to help the local community. They believe this
would benefit both the individual teenager and society as a whole. Do you agree
or disagree?
The idea that all teenagers should be required to do unpaid work in their free time to
help the local community is gaining traction. I strongly agree with this view. Requiring
teenagers to engage in voluntary community service can foster a range of valuable
traits such as responsibility, empathy, and teamwork, which benefit both the individual
and society as a whole.

Granting teenagers the opportunity to volunteer in their free time can significantly
contribute to their personal development. By participating in community service,
teenagers learn essential life skills that shape their character. Responsibility, for

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instance, is a crucial trait that can be nurtured through volunteering. When teenagers
are entrusted with tasks that help the local community, they learn the importance of
fulfilling their commitments and managing their time effectively. Furthermore, voluntary
work often places teenagers in diverse environments, enabling them to develop
empathy and a sense of social responsibility. These traits are key to shaping well-
rounded individuals who are not only concerned with their own well-being but also with
the welfare of others.

In addition to personal growth, requiring teenagers to perform unpaid work can greatly
benefit society. Teenagers often have energy, creativity, and enthusiasm that, when
channeled into meaningful community service, can address pressing social needs. For
example, young volunteers could assist in environmental projects, help the elderly, or
contribute to local charities. Such initiatives not only enhance the local community but
also promote social cohesion. By working together for a common cause, teenagers are
encouraged to view the broader community as an extension of their own lives, fostering
a sense of unity and shared responsibility. As a result, society benefits from the
collective efforts of a younger generation that is active in improving their surroundings.

In conclusion, requiring teenagers to participate in unpaid work for the benefit of their
local community can have a profound impact on both the individual and society. By
cultivating traits such as responsibility, empathy, and teamwork, volunteering helps
teenagers grow into mature, socially responsible adults. Moreover, their contributions
serve to strengthen and enrich the community. Therefore, I believe that such initiatives
should be encouraged as they play a vital role in shaping a better society.

138. [Communities] We cannot help everyone in the world that needs help, so we
should only be concerned with our own communities and countries.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
The notion that we should only focus on helping our own communities and
countries, given the impossibility of assisting everyone in need globally, is an idea that
some people advocate. However, I disagree with this perspective. While it is true that
resources are limited and immediate needs must be prioritized, our shared humanity
means that we have a moral obligation to support people beyond our own borders as
well.
Granted, one might argue that resources are finite and, therefore, it is more
pragmatic to focus on helping those within our own communities or countries. This line
of reasoning suggests that nations should prioritize their citizens' needs first, particularly
in times of economic hardship or crisis. Indeed, when facing domestic challenges, such

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as poverty, healthcare issues, or unemployment, it may seem more rational to invest in

resolving these local problems. Furthermore, governments are accountable to their own
populations, and addressing national concerns first can foster a sense of trust and
stability within the country. However, this line of reasoning is not sound as it fails to
recognize the interconnectedness of the world in which we live. Global issues such as
climate change, pandemics, and economic inequality transcend borders. While it may
be challenging to help everyone, refusing to assist others beyond our own communities
is short-sighted. For example, the effects of climate change affect all countries, and
international cooperation is essential to mitigate its consequences. Failing to extend
help beyond our own communities may exacerbate global issues, ultimately
undermining the stability and well-being of all nations.
Additionally, helping others in need, regardless of their location, is an expression
of empathy and solidarity that strengthens our global community. By supporting global
initiatives, whether through humanitarian aid, disaster relief, or addressing refugee
crises, we not only provide immediate help to those suffering but also contribute to
creating a more just and peaceful world. This can also have long-term benefits for our
own communities. For instance, assisting developing countries in improving their
infrastructure or health systems can create a more stable global environment, reducing
the likelihood of conflict and fostering economic growth that may eventually benefit all
nations. In this way, the well-being of others can be intrinsically linked to our own.
In conclusion, while it is important to address the needs within our own
communities and countries, we must also recognize the importance of extending our
compassion and assistance beyond our borders. Global challenges require global
solutions, and helping those in need worldwide is not only a moral obligation but also a
strategic necessity for long-term peace and prosperity. Therefore, I disagree with the
view that we should limit our concern to our own communities and countries.

139. [History & Literature] Some people believe that it is more important to teach
children the literature and history of their own country, rather than the literature
and history of other countries. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Introduction
The debate over whether children should focus primarily on the literature and
history of their own country or that of other nations is a contentious one. While some
argue that a strong understanding of domestic heritage is vital, I believe that an
education encompassing both local and global perspectives better prepares children for
today’s interconnected world.
Granted, one might argue that teaching children the literature and history of their
own country is essential for fostering a sense of national identity and cultural pride. By
learning about the history, struggles, and triumphs of their nation, children can develop
a stronger connection to their roots and a sense of belonging. However, this line of

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reasoning is not sound, as it fails to acknowledge the importance of global awareness in

the modern world. Understanding other cultures' histories and literatures allows children
to see beyond their own borders, nurturing empathy and broadening their worldview.
This is especially important in an age where globalization brings together people from
diverse backgrounds.
Moreover, focusing solely on domestic history and literature may limit children's
ability to engage with global issues. Many of the world's challenges, such as climate
change, international conflict, and economic inequality, transcend national borders and
require cross-cultural collaboration to resolve. To be effective global citizens, children
need to understand the historical contexts of these issues and the diverse perspectives
that shape them. By learning about the histories and literature of other countries,
children can develop a more nuanced understanding of global dynamics, which is
crucial in today’s world. For example, literature from different cultures can introduce
children to alternative ways of thinking, while historical events from other nations can
help them understand the roots of current global conflicts and cooperation.
In conclusion, while understanding one’s own culture is essential, a well-rounded
education that includes both national and international perspectives is crucial for
preparing children to succeed in a globalized society. Therefore, I disagree with the
notion that children should focus exclusively on the literature and history of their own
country.

140. [Parent cares] Caring for children is probably the most important job in any
society. Because of this, all mothers and fathers should be required to take a
course that prepares them to be good parents. To what extent do you agree or
disagree with this view?

It is true that parents shoulder a huge responsibility and that raising children is by no
means an easy task. However, I completely disagree with the idea that we should
therefore force all mothers and fathers to attend parenting courses.

In my opinion, the idea that all future parents should take a parenthood preparation
course is completely impractical. Many prospective parents have jobs and busy
schedules, and they may not be willing or able to attend regular parenting classes. This
raises the question of whether those who missed the classes, or perhaps refused to

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attend, would be punished. I believe that it would be wrong to do this, and it would
therefore be impossible to enforce the idea of compulsory training for parents. Besides,
even if parents could be forced to attend, I doubt that people would agree on what good
parenting entails, and so it would be difficult to create a parenting course to suit
everyone.

As well as being impractical, I would argue that training courses for parents are
unnecessary. Mothers and fathers have been raising children without any formal help or
official interference for thousands of years. Parenting skills are learnt from family
members, friends, neighbors and the surrounding culture. Perhaps more importantly,
adults learn to be good parents by instinct, by trial and error, and by getting to know
their own children; for example, a good parent will try different strategies when faced
with a badly-behaved child, and will gradually develop an understanding of what works
to correct the behavior. None of this requires the intervention of a taught course.

In conclusion, while compulsory parenting lessons might seem like a good idea, I
believe that such a scheme would be unworkable and largely pointless.

141. [Salaries] In many countries, a small number of people earn extremely high
salaries. Some people believe that this is good for the country, but others think
that governments should not allow salaries above a certain level.
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

In many countries, a small group of individuals earn extraordinarily high salaries,

sparking a debate about the implications of such income inequality. While some argue
that high salaries benefit the economy, others believe that imposing limits on income
could foster a more equitable society. This essay will discuss both perspectives before
presenting my opinion.

TÀI LIỆU DÙNG CHO MỤC ĐÍCH GIÁO DỤC, VUI LÒNG DẪN TÊN VÀ NGUỒN KHI TÁI SỬ DỤNG
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On the one hand, proponents of high salaries argue that they are beneficial for the
economy. They contend that when individuals earn more, they contribute significantly to
the economy through increased spending, investment, and entrepreneurship. For
example, top executives or successful entrepreneurs often invest their wealth in
businesses that create jobs and stimulate economic growth. Furthermore, these high
salaries can incentivize talent and innovation, motivating individuals to pursue careers
that require exceptional skills and expertise. As a result, they contribute to societal
progress and the competitiveness of the nation on the global stage.

On the other hand, opponents argue that large income disparities can lead to social
inequality and harm societal cohesion. When a small group of people amass immense
wealth while the majority struggle financially, it creates a divide that can breed
resentment and social unrest. Critics suggest that governments should impose salary
caps to ensure that wealth is distributed more fairly, helping to close the gap between
the rich and the poor. This would promote social justice, allowing resources to be
allocated to essential sectors such as healthcare, education, and public services, which
could benefit a larger portion of society.

In conclusion, while high salaries can stimulate economic growth and reward talent,
they can also exacerbate social inequality. In my opinion, governments should
encourage fair compensation, but imposing salary caps could be an effective way to
ensure a more balanced distribution of wealth, ultimately fostering a more cohesive and
just society.

142. [Economic goals versus other goals] Many governments think that economic
progress is their most important goal. Some people, however, think that other
types of progress are equally important for a country.
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

Economic development has long been considered a primary objective for many
governments, as it directly influences the standard of living and prosperity of a nation.
However, some argue that other forms of progress, such as social, environmental, or
cultural development, are just as crucial. This essay will examine both viewpoints before
presenting my own perspective.

TÀI LIỆU DÙNG CHO MỤC ĐÍCH GIÁO DỤC, VUI LÒNG DẪN TÊN VÀ NGUỒN KHI TÁI SỬ DỤNG
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On the one hand, those who prioritize economic progress argue that it is the foundation
of a country’s overall well-being. Economic growth increases a nation’s wealth, enabling
it to provide better services, infrastructure, and opportunities for its citizens. A strong
economy attracts foreign investments, creates jobs, and raises the standard of living.
For example, countries with a robust economy can invest in health care, education, and
social security, thus improving the quality of life for their populations. Moreover,
economic prosperity can also improve international influence, allowing a country to
compete globally and safeguard its interests.

On the other hand, some believe that focusing solely on economic development may
overlook other important aspects of progress. Social development, for instance, is
essential to ensure that economic gains are equitably distributed and that people’s
rights and freedoms are respected. Cultural progress is also vital in preserving a
country’s identity and fostering social harmony. Furthermore, environmental
sustainability has become an urgent issue in today’s world, and many argue that
economic progress should not come at the expense of the planet’s well-being.
Prioritizing only economic growth without considering these factors could lead to social
inequality, cultural erosion, and environmental degradation.

In conclusion, while economic progress is undoubtedly important for the prosperity of a

nation, I believe that other forms of progress, such as social, cultural, and environmental
advancements, are equally essential. A balanced approach that considers all aspects of
development will ensure long-term success and a better quality of life for future
generations.

143. [Minority Languages] Several languages are in danger of extinction because

they are spoken by very small numbers of people. Some people say that
governments should spend public money on saving these languages, while
others believe that would be a waste of money.
Discuss both these views and give your opinion.

In recent years, many languages have been rapidly disappearing due to the declining
number of speakers. Some argue that governments should allocate public funds to
preserve these endangered languages, while others believe that this would be an
imprudent use of resources. This essay aims to discuss both perspectives extensively
before providing my stance.

TÀI LIỆU DÙNG CHO MỤC ĐÍCH GIÁO DỤC, VUI LÒNG DẪN TÊN VÀ NGUỒN KHI TÁI SỬ DỤNG
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On the one hand, proponents of saving endangered languages argue that such efforts
are essential for preserving cultural diversity. Each language is deeply intertwined with
the history, traditions, and worldviews of its speakers. By safeguarding these
languages, governments can help protect cultural heritage, ensuring that valuable
knowledge and traditions are passed onto future generations. Additionally, languages
can offer insights into local ecosystems, philosophies, and practices that may otherwise
be lost. For example, indigenous languages often contain words for plants, animals, and
natural phenomena that may not be found in dominant languages. Therefore, spending
money on preserving these languages can serve as a means of promoting cultural
understanding and protecting indigenous knowledge.

On the other hand, critics contend that investing in dying languages may not be the
most efficient use of public funds, especially given the numerous pressing issues
governments face. In today’s globalized world, the widespread use of major languages,
such as English, Chinese, and Spanish, facilitates communication and trade. By
focusing on these dominant languages, people can more easily integrate into the global
economy and improve their livelihoods. Moreover, some argue that the resources
allocated for language preservation could be better spent on solving immediate
problems like poverty, healthcare, and education. Given the limited number of speakers
of endangered languages, it could be difficult to justify the high costs involved in their
preservation.

In conclusion, the debate over whether to spend public money on preserving

endangered languages hinges on the value placed on cultural heritage versus the need
for immediate practical benefits. While I acknowledge the importance of language
preservation, I believe a more selective approach, balancing both cultural and practical
considerations, is the most effective path forward.

144. [University students] Some people think that all university students should
study whatever they like. Others believe that they should only be allowed to study
subjects that will be useful in the future, such as those related to science and
technology.
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

In today’s world, the question of what university students should study has sparked
much debate. Some argue that students should have the freedom to choose whatever
subjects they are passionate about, while others believe that education should be
directed towards fields that will contribute to the future, particularly science and
technology. This essay aims to discuss both perspectives extensively before providing
my stance.

TÀI LIỆU DÙNG CHO MỤC ĐÍCH GIÁO DỤC, VUI LÒNG DẪN TÊN VÀ NGUỒN KHI TÁI SỬ DỤNG
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On the one hand, supporters of allowing students to choose their own academic paths
argue that higher education is an opportunity for personal growth and self-discovery.
When students are able to study subjects they are genuinely interested in, they are
more likely to be motivated, engaged, and successful in their studies. Passionate
students can contribute to a vibrant academic environment and explore diverse ideas
that may not always align with the needs of the job market but are essential to the
richness of human culture. For example, the study of literature, history, or art may seem
less directly related to career prospects, but it can foster critical thinking, creativity, and
cultural understanding, all of which are valuable in a globalized world. Allowing students
to choose freely also supports the notion of academic freedom, where individuals are
encouraged to pursue knowledge for its own sake.

On the other hand, those who argue that students should focus only on subjects with
practical applications, such as science, technology, engineering, and mathematics
(STEM), believe that this approach ensures a more secure and relevant future. With the
rapid advancements in technology and the ever-growing demand for skilled workers in
these fields, focusing on subjects that provide concrete career opportunities can help
students meet the demands of a competitive job market. This viewpoint also
emphasizes the importance of preparing young people to solve critical global
challenges, such as climate change, healthcare, and artificial intelligence. By directing
students toward these practical fields, society can better address its future needs and
ensure economic growth.

In conclusion, while it is undeniable that science and technology play a crucial role in
shaping the future, I believe that a balanced approach to higher education, allowing
students to explore both practical and personal interests, is the most beneficial for
individuals and society.

145. [Punishments to drivers] Some people think that strict punishments for
driving offenses are the key to reducing traffic accidents. Others, however,
believe that other measures would be more effective in improving road safety.
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

The issue of road safety has become a major concern worldwide, with many people
proposing different solutions to reduce traffic accidents. Some argue that implementing
strict punishments for driving offenses is the most effective way to deter reckless
driving, while others believe that alternative measures would be more beneficial in
improving road safety. This essay aims to discuss both perspectives extensively before
providing my stance.

On the one hand, proponents of strict punishments argue that harsher penalties for
driving offenses, such as hefty fines, license suspensions, or even imprisonment, would
serve as a strong deterrent for drivers who are tempted to break the law. They believe

TÀI LIỆU DÙNG CHO MỤC ĐÍCH GIÁO DỤC, VUI LÒNG DẪN TÊN VÀ NGUỒN KHI TÁI SỬ DỤNG
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that the fear of severe consequences would lead to greater caution on the roads,
ultimately reducing traffic accidents. For instance, in countries with strict penalties for
speeding, drivers are more likely to adhere to speed limits, thus lowering the risk of
high-speed collisions. Furthermore, strict punishments could address serious offenses
such as drunk driving or driving under the influence of drugs, which are known to be
significant contributors to traffic accidents. By making the consequences of such
offenses clear, authorities can encourage safer driving behaviors and discourage
individuals from taking unnecessary risks.

On the other hand, some people believe that other measures would be more effective in
improving road safety. They argue that focusing solely on punishments may not address
the underlying causes of traffic accidents, such as poor road conditions, lack of
awareness, or inadequate driver education. For example, investing in better
infrastructure, such as clearer road signs, well-maintained roads, and effective traffic
management systems, can significantly reduce accidents. Additionally, implementing
comprehensive driver education programs can raise awareness about road safety and
encourage responsible driving from an early age. It is also important to ensure that
drivers understand the risks associated with certain behaviors, such as texting while
driving or ignoring traffic signals, so that they can make informed decisions behind the
wheel.

In conclusion, while strict punishments can play a role in reducing traffic accidents by
deterring reckless behavior, I believe that a more holistic approach, which combines
tougher penalties with improved infrastructure and education, would be more effective in
achieving long-term road safety.

146. [People’s relationships] Some people think that in the modern world we are
more dependent on each other, while others think that people have become more
independent. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

In today’s world, there is an ongoing debate over whether individuals are becoming
more dependent on one another or more independent. Some argue that our growing
interconnectedness means we rely more on others than before, while others believe
that advancements in technology and society have fostered greater independence. This
essay aims to discuss both perspectives extensively before providing my stance.

In the past, societies were generally more self-sufficient, with individuals tending to work
within localized, closed communities. There was a direct dependence on family
members, neighbors, and the local economy for survival. Over time, however,
globalization and technological advancements have transformed the world, leading to a
greater degree of interdependence. For example, individuals today rely on the global
supply chain for basic goods, the internet for information and social connections, and

TÀI LIỆU DÙNG CHO MỤC ĐÍCH GIÁO DỤC, VUI LÒNG DẪN TÊN VÀ NGUỒN KHI TÁI SỬ DỤNG
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collaborative efforts in the workplace to achieve success. People have to cooperate on

a much larger scale to address global challenges, such as climate change, pandemics,
and economic crises. This shift in the way society operates suggests that, in contrast to
earlier times, we are now more dependent on one another in many aspects of our daily
lives.

However, some argue that despite these changes, modern technology has made it
easier for individuals to become more independent. With the rise of personal
technologies such as smartphones, the internet, and remote work, people now have the
ability to live and work more autonomously. In the past, one might have had to rely on a
local community or employer for support, but now many can pursue careers, education,
and entertainment without much need for direct interaction. The self-help and freelance
economy has flourished, giving individuals more control over their lives and careers,
further fostering a sense of independence.

Ultimately, while it is true that modern technology offers more autonomy, the historical
shift towards globalization, collaboration, and complex interdependence cannot be
overlooked. Today’s world presents far more interconnections and mutual reliance than
ever before, particularly in the face of global challenges. As society has evolved, the
need for cooperation, both on a local and global scale, has far outweighed the individual
freedoms technology offers. Therefore, I would argue that, in the modern world, we are
more dependent on each other than ever before.

147. [Financial support to artists] Some people think that governments should
give financial support to creative artists such as painters and musicians. Others
believe that creative artists should be funded by alternative sources.
Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

The issue of whether governments should financially support creative artists, such as
painters and musicians, or whether alternative sources should fund them has sparked
considerable debate. While some argue that public funding is necessary to preserve
culture, others believe that private sources are more effective in supporting the arts.
This essay will discuss both perspectives before presenting my opinion.

On the one hand, proponents of government funding for creative artists argue that
public support is essential for nurturing and preserving a nation’s cultural heritage. The
arts play a crucial role in reflecting society’s values, history, and identity, and
government funding can ensure that talented individuals have the resources to develop
their craft without the burden of financial stress. For example, many classical music
composers, visual artists, and writers throughout history were supported by state

TÀI LIỆU DÙNG CHO MỤC ĐÍCH GIÁO DỤC, VUI LÒNG DẪN TÊN VÀ NGUỒN KHI TÁI SỬ DỤNG
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institutions, allowing them to create works that have shaped cultural legacies. Without
financial backing, some artists may be forced to abandon their work or limit their
creative potential due to financial constraints. Therefore, government funding can be
seen as a means of preserving national culture and providing artists with the stability
needed to produce their best work.

On the other hand, some believe that creative artists should not rely on government
funding and should seek alternative sources of financial support, such as private
investors, sponsors, or crowdfunding. The argument here is that government funds,
often limited and subject to political agendas, may not always support the most
deserving or innovative artists. By turning to alternative funding methods, artists can
gain more independence and avoid potential censorship or control over their work.
Additionally, the rise of digital platforms such as Patreon and Kickstarter allows artists to
engage directly with their audiences and gain financial support from those who value
their work. This creates a more organic, market-driven approach to funding the arts,
where artists and their supporters can interact without intermediary institutions like the
government.

In conclusion, although government funding can offer important support, I believe that
private funding mechanisms provide artists with more freedom and independence. A
combination of both approaches may ultimately be the most effective way to foster
creativity and innovation in the arts.

148. [Animal testing] Nowadays animal experiments are widely used to develop
new medicines and to test the safety of other products. Some people argue that
these experiments should be banned because it is morally wrong to cause
animals to suffer, while others are in favor of them because of their benefits to
humanity.
Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
The use of animal experiments for medical research and product testing has
been a topic of ethical debate. While some argue that such experiments should be
banned due to the moral concerns surrounding animal suffering, others believe they are
essential for advancing human health and safety. This essay will discuss both views
before providing my opinion.
On the one hand, those who oppose animal experiments argue that it is morally
wrong to subject animals to suffering for human benefit. Animals, they contend, have
the right to live free from unnecessary harm, and using them for testing purposes
violates this right. They also argue that animals often experience severe physical and
psychological stress during experimentation, which many believe cannot be justified by

TÀI LIỆU DÙNG CHO MỤC ĐÍCH GIÁO DỤC, VUI LÒNG DẪN TÊN VÀ NGUỒN KHI TÁI SỬ DỤNG
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the potential benefits to humans. From this perspective, there is a growing movement
advocating for alternative research methods, such as computer simulations or synthetic
models, which do not involve animal suffering.
On the other hand, proponents of animal testing argue that these experiments
have been crucial in advancing medical science and ensuring the safety of new
products. Many life-saving treatments, vaccines, and medicines have been developed
through animal research, and banning these experiments could halt scientific progress.
Furthermore, they assert that animal testing is carefully regulated, and ethical guidelines
are in place to minimize animal suffering. Without such testing, there would be
significant risks to human health, as untested products could cause harm or prove
ineffective. In this view, the benefits to humanity outweigh the ethical concerns.
In conclusion, while I acknowledge the moral concerns surrounding animal
experimentation, I believe that the benefits to human health and safety justify the
practice, provided that strict ethical standards are adhered to. Ultimately, research
should continue to strive for alternative methods, but until they are fully developed,
animal testing remains an essential tool for advancing medical science.

149. [Higher education versus work] Some people believe that studying at
university or college is the best route to a successful career, while others believe
that it is better to get a job straight after school. Discuss both views and give
your opinion.
The question of whether higher education or entering the workforce immediately
after school is the best path to career success has been widely debated. While some
believe that attending university or college is the most effective route, others argue that
gaining work experience straight away offers more practical benefits. This essay will
discuss both perspectives before presenting my opinion.
On the one hand, those who support attending university or college argue that
higher education provides a strong foundation for long-term career success. University
degrees are often required for many high-paying and prestigious jobs, particularly in
fields like medicine, law, and engineering. Additionally, university education equips
students with specialized knowledge, critical thinking skills, and professional networks,
all of which are valuable assets in a competitive job market. Graduates often have
higher earning potential and greater job security due to the qualifications they obtain

TÀI LIỆU DÙNG CHO MỤC ĐÍCH GIÁO DỤC, VUI LÒNG DẪN TÊN VÀ NGUỒN KHI TÁI SỬ DỤNG
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during their studies.

On the other hand, some believe that entering the workforce straight after school
is more beneficial. Gaining practical work experience at an early age allows individuals
to acquire valuable skills that cannot always be learned in a classroom. For example,
apprenticeships, internships, and on-the-job training provide hands-on experience,
which is highly valued by many employers. Moreover, starting a career early can help
individuals build a professional network and establish themselves in their chosen field
without accumulating student debt. Many industries, especially in the trades or
technology, prioritize experience over formal education, making it possible to succeed
without a degree.
In conclusion, both paths offer potential benefits, and the right choice depends
largely on the individual's career goals. While university education can open doors to
specific career opportunities, practical work experience can also lead to success in
certain fields. Personally, I believe that for most individuals, a balanced approach that
combines higher education with work experience would provide the best foundation for
a successful career.

150. [Museums] Some people think that museums should be enjoyable places to
entertain people, while others believe that the purpose of museums is to educate.
Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
The role of museums has long been a topic of debate. While some argue that museums
should prioritize entertainment and provide enjoyable experiences for visitors, others
believe that their primary purpose should be educational. This essay will examine both
perspectives before offering my opinion.

On the one hand, proponents of museums as entertainment venues argue that

museums should be spaces of enjoyment and engagement for the public. In an age of
digital media and entertainment, many believe that museums need to evolve and adapt
to attract a broader audience, especially younger generations. Interactive exhibits,
multimedia displays, and fun activities can make learning more engaging, ensuring that
visitors leave with a positive experience. Furthermore, making museums more
entertaining can increase foot traffic, which could, in turn, generate more funding and

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support for their educational aspects. In this view, entertainment becomes a tool to
spark curiosity and attract a diverse range of visitors.

On the other hand, many argue that the primary purpose of museums should be to
educate the public. Museums are unique spaces where people can gain deeper insights
into history, art, science, and culture. The value of preserving and presenting artifacts
lies in their ability to inform visitors about different civilizations, important events, and
scientific discoveries. By maintaining a focus on education, museums fulfill their role as
cultural institutions that promote learning, critical thinking, and understanding. The
educational aspect ensures that the next generation inherits knowledge about the past
and becomes more aware of the world around them.

In conclusion, while museums should certainly strive to make learning enjoyable, their
core mission should remain educational. A balance between entertainment and
education can make museums more appealing without sacrificing their fundamental
purpose. I believe that museums should continue to focus on providing informative
experiences while finding innovative ways to engage visitors, especially through
interactive and creative displays.

151. [Living alone] In some countries, many more people are choosing to live
alone nowadays than in the past.
Do you think this is a positive or negative development?

In recent years, there has been a noticeable shift in the way people live, with a growing
number of individuals choosing to live alone, especially in developed countries. While
this trend may seem positive in some ways, there are both advantages and drawbacks
to this development.

In the past, it was more common for people to live in extended families or share living
spaces with others. Societal norms and economic conditions often dictated that
individuals live with family members, even well into adulthood. This arrangement
allowed for strong familial bonds, mutual support, and collective caregiving, contributing
to a sense of security and shared responsibility. However, as time has progressed,
living arrangements have evolved due to several factors such as urbanization,
increased career opportunities, and the desire for more personal freedom. With the rise
of individualism, many people now choose to live alone, seeking greater independence,

TÀI LIỆU DÙNG CHO MỤC ĐÍCH GIÁO DỤC, VUI LÒNG DẪN TÊN VÀ NGUỒN KHI TÁI SỬ DỤNG
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privacy, and control over their lives. This shift has led to new opportunities for personal
growth, self-reflection, and a more individualized lifestyle.

Despite these benefits, the trend of living alone can also have negative consequences.
In the past, the close-knit family structure provided emotional support, economic
assistance, and social security. In contrast, living alone can lead to feelings of
loneliness, isolation, and disconnection from others. This is particularly evident among
elderly individuals who may struggle with the absence of a close support network.
Moreover, living alone may create financial challenges, as individuals have to bear the
full cost of rent, utilities, and other living expenses. While living alone offers personal
freedom, it may also lead to a lack of shared responsibilities, which could impact the
mental and physical well-being of some individuals.

In conclusion, while living alone can offer individuals greater autonomy and personal
space, it also presents significant social and financial challenges. As society continues
to change, the trend of living alone will likely continue, but it is important to find a
balance that fosters both individual growth and social connections. In my opinion, the
disadvantages of living alone, such as increased isolation and financial burdens,
outweigh the benefits, and therefore, a supportive living environment with family or
close social connections remains important.

152. [Living alone or in small families] In many countries today, people in cities
either live alone or in small family units, rather than in large, extended family
groups. Is this a positive or negative trend?

In many urbanized societies today, there has been a shift from large extended families
to smaller household units, with people either living alone or in nuclear family setups.
While this change may be seen as an indicator of modernity and personal freedom, it
has both positive and negative implications for individuals and society.

On the one hand, living alone or in small family units can offer significant advantages,
particularly in terms of individual autonomy and independence. In the past, large
extended families often meant that people were bound by traditional roles and
expectations. Today, many individuals, particularly in cities, choose to live alone to
pursue their own careers, interests, and lifestyles. This shift allows for greater personal
freedom, as individuals can make their own decisions without the influence of extended
family members. Additionally, smaller family units are more adaptable to modern life, as
they can better manage the demands of urban living, including high living costs and
busy schedules. This independence can foster self-reliance, personal growth, and the
ability to make choices without compromise.

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However, this trend also has its downsides, especially in terms of the social and
emotional impact on individuals. Traditionally, extended family groups provided a strong
support network, offering emotional, financial, and practical help. In contrast, living
alone or in smaller family units can lead to feelings of isolation and loneliness,
particularly among elderly individuals or those living away from their families. Moreover,
smaller family units might struggle to share the financial and caregiving responsibilities
that were once managed collectively within larger families. This can place a greater
burden on individuals, leading to stress and decreased overall well-being. Additionally,
the erosion of traditional family structures may result in a decline in intergenerational
relationships, which can affect the transmission of cultural values and wisdom.

In conclusion, while living alone or in smaller family units offers individuals greater
independence and adaptability to modern urban life, it also creates social challenges,
particularly in terms of emotional isolation and the breakdown of traditional support
systems. In my opinion, while the shift towards smaller families is understandable in the
context of modern society, it is important to maintain connections with extended families
and communities to mitigate the negative consequences of this trend.

153. [Video games] Some people regard video games as harmless fun, or even as
a useful educational tool. Others, however, believe that video games are having
an adverse effect on the people who play them.
In your opinion, do the drawbacks of video games outweigh the benefits?

Video games have become a ubiquitous form of entertainment in modern society, with
some viewing them as harmless fun or even as educational tools. However, others
argue that they can have detrimental effects on those who play them. This essay will
discuss both perspectives before concluding that the drawbacks of video games
outweigh the benefits.

On the one hand, video games can be seen as a positive influence, particularly when
used in moderation. Many video games are designed to be educational, helping players
develop problem-solving skills, improve hand-eye coordination, and even enhance
memory. Games that involve strategy, puzzles, or historical themes can also promote
critical thinking and introduce players to new knowledge. Moreover, video games can
foster social connections by allowing people to play with others online, creating virtual

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communities that share common interests. For some, video games may even serve as
a stress-reliever, offering an escape from daily pressures and challenges.

However, the potential harms of video games cannot be overlooked. Firstly, excessive
gaming has been linked to negative physical effects, such as eye strain, poor posture,
and a sedentary lifestyle, which can contribute to obesity and related health issues.
Additionally, video games that are overly violent or graphic can desensitize players to
real-world violence and aggression. Research has shown that prolonged exposure to
violent content can lead to increased hostility and aggressive behavior in some
individuals, especially young players. Furthermore, video games can be addictive,
leading to a decline in academic performance, social isolation, and a lack of
productivity. For those who struggle with moderation, gaming can become an all-
consuming habit, hindering personal development and real-life responsibilities.

In conclusion, while video games can offer some benefits, such as educational value
and social interaction, their drawbacks—particularly the negative physical,
psychological, and social effects—are significant. Therefore, I believe that the adverse
impact of video games outweighs their potential benefits, and more attention should be
paid to encouraging healthier habits and alternatives to gaming.

154. [Credit cards] Nowadays it is easy to apply for and be given a credit card.
However, some people experience problems when they are not able to pay their
debts back. In your opinion, do the advantages of credit cards outweigh the
disadvantages?

The accessibility of credit cards has transformed modern financial habits, providing
individuals with a convenient means to make purchases and manage expenses.
However, with this convenience comes the potential for debt accumulation, leading
some to struggle with repayments. This essay aims to discuss both benefits and pitfalls
of credit cards before saying that the disadvantages are overshadowed by the
advantages.

On the one hand, the potential for mismanagement is a critical concern. Credit card
debt can accumulate rapidly, leading to financial strain for individuals unable to repay
their balances. High-interest rates exacerbate this issue, as unpaid debts can quickly
spiral out of control. According to recent data, a significant portion of credit card holders
face long-term debt, with some paying off interest rather than reducing the principal
amount owed.

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On the other hand, credit cards provide a wide range of advantages that have become
integral to modern consumer behavior. Primarily, they offer financial flexibility, allowing
users to make purchases even when cash flow is limited. This is particularly helpful in
emergencies, where immediate access to funds is essential. Additionally, credit cards
offer rewards such as cashback, travel points, and discounts. incentivizing responsible
usage. For example, frequent travelers can accumulate air miles to reduce travel costs,
while cashback programs offer tangible returns on everyday spending.

In conclusion, credit cards offer substantial benefits, including financial flexibility,

rewards, and the opportunity to build credit history. While the risk of debt cannot be
ignored, it is largely a matter of responsible use and financial discipline. With the right
tools and consumer protections in place, the advantages of credit cards outweigh the
disadvantages.

155. [Equality] In recent years, there has been growing interest in the relationship
between equality and personal achievement. Some people believe that individuals
can achieve more in egalitarian societies. Others believe that high levels of
personal achievement are possible only if individuals are free to succeed or fail
according to their individual merits.
What is your view of the relationship between equality and personal success?

The connection between equality and personal accomplishment has been a prominent
debate, with some arguing that egalitarian societies foster greater success by offering
equal opportunities, while others contend that true achievement arises when individuals
are left to succeed or fail based on their own merits. In my view, while equality provides
a foundation for fair opportunities, the potential for individual success is maximized
when people are able to capitalize on their unique abilities and aspirations within a
balanced system that combines both equal opportunity and individual merit.

On the one hand, proponents of egalitarian societies argue that equal success to
resources and opportunities creates an environment where individuals can achieve their
potential without structural disadvantages. In societies where education, healthcare, and
financial support are universally accessible, individuals are less likely to face barriers

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that could otherwise hinder their progress. This environment encourages people to
pursue personal goals based on interest and skill rather than necessity. However, while
equality of opportunity removes obstacles, it does not necessarily lead to uniform
success for all. People are inherently different, and so even in egalitarian settings,
disparities in ambition, skill, and dedication will naturally lead to varying levels of
achievement.

Conversely, advocates for a merit-based approach argue that personal achievement

flourishes when individuals are free to compete, rewarded purely on their talents and
efforts. In such systems, the most dedicated or skilled individuals are incentivized to
innovate and work harder, which can lead to high levels of success and societal
advancement. However, this perspective often overlooks that without a baseline of
equality, talented individuals may lack the resources or support to fully realize their
potential. Societies with wide economic disparities, for example, often see talent go
underdeveloped due to a lack of educational or professional resources, suggesting that
merit alone cannot drive success without some form of equal footing.

In conclusion, while merit-based achievement plays an essential role in fostering

innovation and personal fulfillment, an underlying structure of equality is vital to ensure
that individuals have the necessary support to excel. The most conducive environment
for personal success is one where equality provides fair access to opportunities, and
merit determines the extent of individual achievement.

Hướng dẫn 2 kỹ thuật Writing TCA/ CTA

156. TCA-In this area, many companies have abandoned the normal hierarchical
structure and started using a more dynamic one. Why? What are the impacts?

157. CTA- Despite the proven benefits of teamwork, many people still want to
work alone. Why? Is it positive for people who avoid teamwork?

Hai đề này ra nước ngoài rồi, chưa ra ở Việt Nam-> coi như đón gió luôn.

Đề 156 khó kinh hoàng - ý là giờ công ty không sử dụng hệ thống làm việc từ trên
xuống/ không làm hệ thống phân ra làm giám đốc, phó giám đốc nữa mà giờ làm như
freestyle luôn.

Đầu tiên, gặp đề này - coi như xui/ Handle sao?

TCA-Temporal Contrast Analysis-sử dụng yếu tố thời gian để giải thích một hiện tượng
đề cho

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Ví dụ: Why people live longer.

Đừng bao giờ nói: Due to many medical breakthroughs, severe illnesses can be treated
effectively, which prolongs people’s lifespan

-> In the past, due to the lack of understanding of humans’ biological nature and the
causes of health disorders, even a simple infection could effectively be fatal to people,
shortening their lives significantly. Fortunately, multiple medical breakthroughs have
helped provide treatment options for most health problems, which prolongs human’s
lifespan and enhances their quality of living.

Trở lại 156, người ta nói bây giờ con người không favor kiểu làm truyền thống, thích
làm kiểu mới -> hiện tượng mới -> dùng TCA.

- Mở bài: In this day and age, the conventional model of work that emphasizes
specific roles and the well-establishment of structure has become less popular,
and many firms start using a more disorder structure. In this essay, I would
explain the underlying reasons leading to this development before assessing its
overall implications on workers, the companies, and society as a whole.

Why-> There are some reasons that explain the waning popularity of the hierarchical
structure among modern companies. Giờ nếu mà viết nó cho người ta freedom nhiều
hơn -> câu nó ra bị trớt quớt: If workers are not managed specifically by another person,
they would have freedom to work. Nếu cố kéo câu ra đọc cũng kỳ: This freedom allows
them to be more creative, which can contribute to an increase in their productivity. ->
người viết cố gắng nhưng đọc rất kỳ: vì nếu có freedom vậy thì sao trước giờ không làm
vậy đi -> giám khảo dễ bẻ, phản biện rất dễ.

TCA- focus vào những sự thay đổi hiển nhiên trong xã hội để giải thích một hiện
tượng nào đó.

● Cấu trúc hierarchy có đặc điểm gì (sếp rõ ra sếp, nhân viên rõ ra nhân viên) - vai
trò rõ ràng, phân công trách nhiệm là phải làm theo.
● Cấu trúc flexible - ai cũng đóng góp ý kiến được hết, ai cũng mạnh dạn đưa ra
quan điểm, mọi người làm theo sức lực để cống hiến.
Có sự kiện nào trong xã hội loài người giải thích được sự sáng tạo được
prioritized nhiều hơn sự cấu trúc không? Tại sao?

Năm 1980, tôi đi vào công ty, tôi được làm nhiệm vụ A, thì tôi chỉ được tuân theo.
Năm 2024, một công ty international, một công ty marketing - ai, ai giỏi cái này thì người
đó lãnh đạo cái dự án
Tập trung vào điều hiển nhiên, đơn giản: Xã hội chúng ta (xét về mặt sản xuất) đã
chuyển từ giai đoạn gì sang giai đoạn gì?
-> ngày xưa phụ thuộc vào sản xuất (industrial era)- > tôn vinh sáng tạo, cung
cấp dịch vụ (service-oriented/ technology-driven work environment).

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- There are some reasons that explain the waning popularity of the hierarchical
structure among modern companies. In the past, having a solid work structure
provided clear lines of authority and control, which were essential in managing
large organizations effectively, especially in the industrial era. Nowadays, as the
largest sector that contributes to many nations’ economies has been service-
oriented, innovation and creativity are sought-after. By establishing a more
flexible structure, companies hope that their employees can be empowered to
contribute their ideas, voice their novel suggestions, and give the firms an
advantage against other competitors.
Nó không phải là một kĩ thuật dễ, không phải là kĩ thuật nhìn cái học được liền - nhưng
nó chuyên trị những bài khó, không phải nhìn thấy bài khó là tiêu đời - có được một cái
line, frame để suy nghĩ ra.
Viết lại dễ hơn: In the past, our economy revolved around industrial production, which
required a strict adherence to standards and rules. This is why many companies chose
to establish a rigid work structure, helping them avoid unexpected errors or implications.
However, as our world becomes more servicing-oriented, creative ideas are highly
valued than ever before. With a flexible structure, employees are encouraged to be
more vocal about their ideas, in turn would help their firms create innovative solutions
and enhance the quality of service.

Một ví dụ khác: TCA-people nowadays retire much earlier than in the past. Why? Is this
a positive or negative development?
TCA- người ta thường nghỉ hưu khi đạt được điều kiện gì
Trong quá khứ, tại sao điều kiện đó lại khó được đạt hơn-> tích lũy tài chính khó hơn, vì
thu nhập thấp hơn (nhớ giải thích cụ thể)
Nhưng bây giờ, lại dễ đạt hơn. (income tăng, tích lũy tốt hơn, đạt được điều kiện nghỉ
hưu sớm hơn)
-> In the past, our excessive reliance on agriculture that drained people’s physical
power would not help them yield a high level of income. This slow process of wealth
accumulation led to a very delayed point of time when they could retire and stop
working. Fortunately, as our economy has progressed exponentially, people nowadays
can save enough financial resources for earlier retirement. Once they reach the point of
fiscal stability, they would stop working and focus more on enjoying their lives. [thậm chí
cho ví dụ về GDP luôn cũng được]

Compounding factor/ Impertinent factor

It is estimated that our GDP in the 1950s was 80% lower than the current levels, which
apply for most countries despite their development status. These limited capabilities to
make money explain why people in the past usually did not reach the point of financial
stability until they got old. Fortunately, the current income can speed up this process,
helping people accumulate enough resources that can facilitate earlier retirement.

Nowadays, people often live longer after their retirement.

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-> because after they retire, they do not have to work. So they live longer. Câu này sai
chỗ nào, tại sao sai? -> Lúc nào mà hong zậy - mà đề nói là một cái xu hướng mới xuất
hiện. Hồi xưa không làm cũng sống dai thành huyền thoại mà??? Không được giải thích
chuyện hiển nhiên như vậy - tập trung giải thích về xu hướng. Nhưng nhiều người đi thi
dính đề này lắm nha, đề khó 😡 -> medical care, financial resources, cải tiến y khoa
abcxyz,.....

Bản thân khi mình nói là một cụm nào đó không dùng như vậy là một khẳng định rất là
BOLD. “người ta không sài như vậy”. Mình đọc rất nhiều, viết rất nhiều nhưng không
bao giờ nói là “người ta không sài hết” tại vì mỗi lĩnh vực sẽ có một số cách dùng từ
khác nhau.
Ví dụ report data, report Y khoa cũng khác nhau, có nhiều kiểu.
Data-PFS- progression-free-survival
Tài chính thì khác
-> Nên dùng vocab sao là tùy thôi à, nhưng ko hợp thì thôi🙂

SANG ĐỀ 157- rất chua, rất khó

CTA- characteristic - trait association -> chuyên dùng để giải thích hành vi/ young
people now do not want to live together with their senior parents. Why?

[living together with their senior parents] có đặc điểm gì -> [old- lớn tuổi] - require a lot
of time and money that covers medical expenditure / giữ conventional beliefs
(conservative)

Mà người trẻ - không có, không thỏa mãn yêu cầu đó -> không có tài chính tốt, ít thời
gian rảnh / value personal freedom/ care more about modern norms.
-> Dẫn đến xuất hiện hành vi.

● Teamwork- cần phải compromise quan điểm cá nhân, chấp nhận các ý kiến trái
chiều
● Mà một số người thì có cá cái tôi lớn, thiếu kỹ năng giao tiếp -> dễ xảy ra mâu
thuẫn.
-> Teamwork requires the ability to compromise with potential different sets of
ideas and beliefs, and each member must maintain a high level of social
interactions.
-> Nevertheless, many individuals are introverted, meaning that their abilities to
socialize with others would have some limitations. Also, for those who are not
willing to reconcile with others’ opinion, conflicts may occur and bring about
detrimental implications.

Khi viết, phải bỏ đi niềm tin cũ kỹ. Giống như lúc nào mình cũng có niềm tin -
mình muốn viết như vậy, mình muốn đi từ đó vào hoặc là có cái câu tâm đắc mà
mình muốn đưa nó vào bất kể cái bài nói về cái gì - chấp nhận bỏ đi cái tôi của
mình đi, lắng nghe idea của người khác.

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Young people now use social media a lot. Why?

young people - có đặc điểm gì. có nguyện vọng gì? thích kết nối với người khác, thích
update xu hướng mới, thích catch up với những drama mới nhất
mà -> social media có thể offer cho họ được: cung cấp kết nối rộng lớn, giúp hóng phốt/
drama.
FOMO -> fear of missing out.
-> dẫn đến hành vi

Young people are generally known for their innate passion to expand their social circles
and stay updated with the latest pieces of information in the media. As social media can
foster an expansion of people’s network by suggesting friends and connections while
also providing a platform where people can share/disseminate information, it can
satisfy the demands of many young users. This is why young individuals are
increasingly using social media.

158. Nowadays, many adults still live with their parents.

Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?

In this day and age, living with parents even after an individual enters adulthood has
become a prevalent trend in many nations and cultures. In this essay, I would state the
merits and demerits of this tendency before concluding whether or not the benefits
overshadow the negative aspects.
-> In the modern world, with drastic changes in the societal structure of our society, the
tendency of continuing to live with parents even after a person becomes an adult has
proliferated in many cultures and nations. I would discuss the positive and negative
aspects that this development brings about before giving my judgment regarding
whether the advantages outweigh the disadvantages.

On the one hand, there is one major benefit associated with the preference for living
with parents after entering adulthood [thiếu kỹ thuật] When a person can settle with their

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parents, they would not find it relevant to go out and rent another real estates. Also,
they can share meals with their parents, ultimately saving them a lot of money.

[context- car - counterargument refinement] - In this day and age, the cost of living has
increased to an unprecedented level, meaning that spending on food and housing costs
much more money than in the past. If a person can continue living with their parents
long into their 20s or even 30s, they can cut down their spending dramatically but not
have to rent a house and share meals with their parents. Over time, this saving can help
a person become more financially stable, giving them the chance to enter the world with
enough resources to sustain themselves and their families/

[As the overall population sizes expand exponentially, the cost of renting real-estates
becomes unprecedentedly high due to the occupation of houses accumulated in
multiple past generations. This reason makes it significantly challenging to find
affordable housing options, especially for people with lower means of living/ meager
incomes. As young individuals often lack a well-prepared financial foundation, having to
rent a place to stay independently could jeopardize their financial health, leading to
many unforeseeable problems. If they can stay with their parents for a certain amount of
time, they can reduce this cost and have more time to save up money, helping them
secure their future with more certainty.]

[Chi phí sống rất mắc + thuê nhà, ăn uống] - [ inflation increased, population sizes]
[ mà người trẻ thường ko có tiền]
[ nếu ở chung thì giảm chi phí, giúp người trẻ phát triển sự nghiệp]

Due to inflation, the cost of living is exceptionally expensive nowadays, meaning that
renting a house and eating independently could be financially unrealistic for young
individuals. If these people could settle with their parents into their late 20s or even 30s,
they would have more time consolidating their financial stability, helping them develop
their careers without worrying about unnecessary concerns.

159. Because many children are not able to learn foreign languages, schools
should not force them to learn. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Nominalize-> Adj/verb/adv -> noun -> sau đó đẩy ra làm chủ ngữ của câu
We should not force children to learn a language -> Force -> forcing -> forcing children
to learn a language is not a recommended action.
We should increase the price of gasoline
-> increasing the price of gasoline is a recommended action

Learning a language may not be possible to some adolescents. Thus, forcing them to
do so is not recommended.

Learning a language is not easy and possible to some adolescents, making it not
appropriate to force them to do so.

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Acquiring linguistic knowledge about a foreign tongue may be exceptionally challenging

to many adolescents, leading to the suggestion that we should not force children to
follow through with this task.

Acquiring proficiency in a non-native language is not possible for some adolescents,

leading to the argument that forcing them to do so is not appropriate and beneficial.

The acquisition of linguistic knowledge about a foreign tongue may be exceptionally

problematic for some adolescents, meaning that forcing them to do so is strongly
opposed, especially from a group of people.

The process of acquiring linguistic skills and knowledge is substantially difficult to some
adolescents, and some people endorse the view that forcing this particular learning
objective on them is not beneficial and recommended. Personally, I partly/ totally agree/
disagree with this school of thought based on some rationales that are elucidated
further in this essay.

Although learning languages has been proven beneficial for children, the process of
acquiring linguistic knowledge regarding a foreign tongue is not feasible to some
adolescents. As a result, some people argue that forcing children to do tasks that are
out of their capabilities is not recommended. My personal opinion expresses a partial/
total alignment with this particular school of thought based on some reasons that are
further discussed in this essay.

Main: đồng ý hoàn toàn -> khó viết

Khổ 1 - không đồng ý/ đồng ý

Khổ 2 - đồng ý / không đồng ý.

On the one hand, there are some reasons that explain why forcing children to learn a
language is not entirely beneficial and should be considered more carefully.
Viết fail: Learning a language could be very difficult because of the requirements for
many learning objectives. As a result, the time needed to learn is long, and learners
must practice consistently to see the color of learning it. Thus, this is why it is not
recommended for children to learn a new tongue- > Lỗi lập luận, sai đối tượng, đối
tượng là children. Nói rất chung chung: khó khăn trong việc học ngôn ngữ chứ không
specify là children.

Cho nên phải dùng CTA

Learning a language -> có các requirement gì?

Trẻ em -> có những đặc tính gì?
mà nếu đặc tính không thỏa mãn requirements -> thì không nên xuất hiện hành vi

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Learning a language is a highly sophisticated task, with multiple demands for learning
areas, including pronunciation, context of usage, vocabulary, and grammar.
Unfortunately, children are at a developing stage in their lives, meaning that their brains
are not well-adapted enough to handle external pressure. Thus, forcing them to acquire
a new tongue could potentially jeopardize their mental development, leading to
unnecessary stress and even mental illnesses.

Đi lại câu một lần nữa: The process of acquiring a level of proficiency in any language
always requíe learners to be put under intense mental pressure as they adapt to a
completely novel way of pronouncing, thinking, and using context. Unfortunately,
adolescents, with their developing mental capabilities, may have intense difficulty
engaging effectively in such a process. They may be confused between the use of their
native language and the integration of a completely new one, jeopardizing their learning
in both realms.

Learning a language requires learners to acquire new techniques in pronouncing, using

context, and catering grammar to specific scenarios. However, children are known to
have developing mental capabilities, making it exceptionally challenging for them to
learn both their mother tongue and another language at the same time. The end result
could be the insufficient acquisition of both languages, making it hard for them to
communicate and engage in learning in the future.

160. Research into new medicines and treatments is essential. Should this
research be paid for by private companies or by the government?

Humans are now still faced with many presently incurable health problems, so investing
in discovering new medicines and effective treatments is of paramount importance.
However, opinions are divided on whether such investment should come from the
private sector or the government. I believe that both private medical companies and the
state should pay for healthcare research because they both benefit from it.

Firstly, private businesses benefit from their subsidies for medical research, in financial
terms. For example, if they find an effective treatment to curb debilitating effects of, say,
drug withdrawal, or new contraception methods that do not have side effects, they can

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make billions of dollars. [Thứ nhất, các doanh nghiệp tư nhân được hưởng lợi từ các khoản trợ cấp cho
nghiên cứu y tế về mặt tài chính. Ví dụ, nếu họ tìm ra một phương pháp điều trị hiệu quả để hạn chế tác dụng làm
suy nhược của việc cai thuốc hoặc các phương pháp tránh thai mới không có tác dụng phụ, họ có thể kiếm được
hàng tỷ đô la.] The potential financial gain surely encourages medical companies to
expend hundreds of millions of dollars every year on laboratory equipment and leading
medical scientists. We see this in the way pharmaceutical companies around the world
are racing to find a vaccine for COVID-19 in the hope that they could make a name for
themselves and reap the financial rewards.

The government, on the other hand, has the obligation to ensure public health, and
subsidizing research in the healthcare sector is a way to fulfill it. Furthermore, a healthy
population is surely more productive, which is a clear precursor to economic growth and
an a priori justification for the call for an increase in state spending on healthcare
research. Not only this, if there are fewer people suffering from debilitating health
problems, the government can cut back on subsidies for their treatments. Such savings
could be reallocated to other much needed areas such as education and infrastructure.

In conclusion, both the private sector and the government should invest in medical
studies because they benefit a great deal from such investment.

161. The range of technology available to people is increasing the gap between
the rich and the poor. Others think it has an opposite effect.

Discuss both views and give your opinions.

Opinions are divided on whether the increasing range of technological devices available
is widening or narrowing the disparity between the rich and the poor. I believe that
thanks to the availability of modern technologies, the less well-off population now can
enjoy most of what used to be preserved for the wealthy only.

Admittedly, there are certainly a large number of products that people in low-income
brackets cannot afford. For example, the latest model of an iphone costs shy of 2000

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dollars, which is possibly equivalent to a yearly income of a large section of society.

High-end products such as a Guicci handbag or a Rolex watch could cost hundreds of
thousands of dollars and it would be unthinkable that those families could ever afford to
pay for such items. Advancements in space technology have allowed people to travel
into space, but such a trip would cost over 200.000 dollars. This is surely unaffordable
for the vast majority.

However, for every item mentioned above, there are always a range of items that have
similar functions and are affordable for people from other economic classes. One can
easily purchase a smartphone with 100 dollars or buy a wrist watch that costs under
150 dollars. Similarly, although rich people can enjoy trips into space, the advent of
virtual reality also allows the have-nots to experience what it is like to be in a weightless
environment and admire the vastness of the universe. Furthermore, the introduction of
refrigeration technologies has allowed food companies to export their products to other
regions, reducing prices of food and allowing more people to enjoy the same range of
food.

In conclusion, the increasing availability of technology has certainly helped in bridging

the chasm between the rich and the poor, as clearly shown in examples in preceding
paragraphs.

162. These days, more and more schools focus on science and social science
subjects and choose not to teach children to sing, paint, sculpt, write creatively
or dance. Should school-children study the arts?

It is true that science and technology have permeated almost every aspect of our life
and the demand for workers in these two sectors is undoubtedly increasing. Schools,
one of whose primary roles is to provide a sufficient supply of manpower for industries,
either are pressured into or are deliberately focusing on science subjects to cater for
such an increase. I believe that this shift is largely justifiable, but schoolchildren should
also be given the opportunity to dabble in the arts.

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Firstly, children who take lessons in painting, sculpting or writing tend to be more
creative and patient. This is because they need to tap into their imagination to create or
portray something, and it often takes much time to make a painting or a sculpture or
write a piece of poem or prose. While their enhanced creativity greatly benefits them in
the modern workplace where the ability to think creatively will help them thrive in the
face of the encroachment of automation, patience allows them to persist and see their
goals to the end instead of succumbing to hardship along the way to success.

Furthermore, children who study the arts learn to express their feelings through different
means, and this benefits them emotionally. The reason for this is that not everyone is
capable of or willing to talk to someone about their pain or suffering, and singing and
writing can help children freely illustrate their emotions. Not only this, those taking
lessons in the arts out of their own volition tend to take great pleasure in doing it, and
therefore the arts can be a means of relaxation after stressful school hours. Finally, they
can make friends with people who share their interests and passions, which surely
benefits them socially.

In conclusion, teaching children about the arts can help them to foster important virtues
such as patience, and creativity and provide them with different ways to express
themselves, relax and widen their social circle.

163. Some people think that introducing new technology can improve people's
quality of life in developing countries. However, others believe that free education
should be offered. Discuss both views and give your opinion?

Opinions are divided on whether modern technologies or free education should be

provided for people in developing nations so that their life could be improved. I believe
that both approaches should be adopted at the same time because the former would
yield immediate results, while the latter could have a long-lasting effect.

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On the one hand, the provision of new technology could surely enhance people's quality
of life in poor countries. For example, with the adoption of advanced farming
techniques, crop yields would significantly increase. This can be seen in southern parts
of Vietnam, where farmers used to harvest crops by hand, which was time-consuming
and ineffective, and suffered from drought and pests. After the adoption of more
advanced technologies like pesticides, effective water control and machinery, they were
liberated and began to enjoy the abundance of food supplies. Certainly, had it not been
for new technologies, Vietnamese farmers would have struggled to improve their quality
of life.

On the other hand, offering education for citizens in economically disadvantaged parts
of the world would have long-term benefits. Chief of these is that this measure allows
more people to be properly educated, which would result in a better educated and
consequently more productive workforce. This naturally acts as a precursor to economic
growth, which is accompanied by increased living standards for everyone. Furthermore,
better educated parents are repeatedly proven to be better at raising children, for
example by adopting healthy diets, or child-rearing practices. In other words, the
economic and individual benefits can be perpetuated and reverberate through
generations to come.

In conclusion, while the introduction of new technologies could beget immediate

benefits, the impact of the provision of free education could echo through generations.
Therefore, both initiatives should be taken in order to help inhabitants of less well-off
countries.

164. The best way to solve the world's environmental problem is to increase the
cost of fuel. Do you agree or disagree?

Some people believe that increasing the cost of gasoline is the best way to address
environmental problems. In this essay, however, I will challenge this school of thought.

Firstly, we need to factor in the futility of raising the cost of fuel in the cause of
environmental protection. Of course, one might argue that such a measure could force

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some people, especially money-conscious ones, to give up their private vehicles for
public transport. This, according to this theory, ultimately results in less fuel being
consumed and lower levels of toxic gasses being released into the air. However, the
amount of greenhouse gasses emitted by personal vehicles is negligible, compared to
that of industrial plants or even cow farts. This very fact renders the effects of increasing
the price of petrol on the environment insignificant.

To add further credence to my assertion, I note the root cause of most serious
environmental issues: our energy-hungry lifestyles. For example, the accelerated
depletion of natural resources that are used to produce electricity and power machines
can be attributed to the insatiable thirst for energy of mankind. By the very same token,
global warming and pollution, arguably the two most severe environmental problems,
are the dreadful knock-on effects stemming from humans excessively consuming
energy. As such, the key to solving the world's environmental problems is to find
alternative sources of energy. This could be done by exploiting solar, wind and tidal
power, all of which are unlimited and clean sources of energy that are largely
underdeveloped.

In conclusion, it is a mistake to assume that increasing the price of fuel is the best way
to alleviate problems posed to the environment, because the key to solving these issues
is to develop renewable energy.

165. It is a natural process for animal species to become extinct. There is no

reason why people should try to prevent this from happening. Do you agree or
disagree?

Many people point to natural selection where the extinction of certain animals is
unavoidable as the reason why trying to prevent this from happening is largely
pointless. In this essay, however, I will challenge this school of thought.

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Firstly, allowing animals to go extinct is tantamount to paving the way for our own
extinction. This is because the interconnected nature of the ecosystem, which governs
and affects all lives on earth, could easily be disrupted by the disappearance of certain
keystone animals. For example, Australian bees have disappeared in the North of this
country due to unregulated harmful farming activities, leading to a large number of other
plants and animals disappearing along with them. Farmers in these places can no
longer grow crops because of sudden climatic changes caused by this unfortunate
incident. Were we to turn a blind eye to such events, we would soon face the demise of
our own race.

To add further credence to my assertion, I note the cost-effectiveness of protecting

wildlife. In my view, if some keystone animals such as bees died out, causing mass
extinctions, the amount of money and manpower needed to address the resulting
changes to our own habitat would far outweigh the amount spent on animal protection.
To make matters worse, there is no guarantee that we would be able to develop our
technologies to cope with such dramatic changes. In fact, no existing technologies are
making any discernible contributions to the battle against climate change, let alone the
looming end of our own kind.

In conclusion, it is a mistake to assume that there is no point in trying to save wild

animals from dying out. This is because preserving other animals is a cost-effective
measure that could give us a fighting chance to ensure the very existence of mankind.

166. Some people believe that a country becomes more interesting and develops
faster when its population includes a mixture of nationalities.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?

The cultural and economic development of a nation is often influenced by its

demographic composition. A segment of society argues that a heterogeneous

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population, characterized by a blend of nationalities, fosters a more dynamic and rapidly

evolving environment. I wholeheartedly endorse this perspective, as the infusion of
diverse cultural influences accelerates development and enriches social experiences.

Firstly, a multicultural population enhances innovation and creativity, both of which are
integral to a country's growth. Diverse cultural backgrounds frequently lead to the
exchange of varied ideas and perspectives, stimulating creative problem-solving and
entrepreneurial ventures. For instance, cities like New York and London exemplify this
phenomenon, where the confluence of nationalities has birthed groundbreaking
technologies and cultural movements. These innovations arise from the synergistic
effects of cross-cultural collaboration, which is less likely to emerge in a homogenous
society.

Secondly, the integration of multiple nationalities contributes to increased economic

dynamism. Foreign nationals often bring unique skills and experiences, filling essential
roles within the workforce. Moreover, their differing consumption patterns can expand
markets and create new business opportunities. A pertinent example can be observed
in the growth of the restaurant industry in cosmopolitan cities, which flourishes due to
the diverse culinary customs introduced by immigrants. This not only provides
entertainment but also boosts local economies and creates employment opportunities,
underscoring the tangible benefits of a mixed national population.

However, critics of this viewpoint argue that cultural diversity can lead to societal
tension and fragmentation, potentially hindering development. They posit that
differences in language, customs, and values may generate misunderstandings and
conflict among groups. While it is true that cultural clashes can occur, it is imperative to
recognize that effective governance and inclusive policies can mitigate these
challenges. Promoting intercultural dialogue and building community integration
initiatives can transform potential friction into fruitful collaboration, further cementing the
notion that diversity is an asset rather than a liability.

In conclusion, the advantages of a multicultural populace in fostering a vibrant and

rapidly developing society are compelling. The interplay of diverse ideas fuels
innovation, expands economic opportunities, and ultimately cultivates a more enriched
cultural tapestry. While challenges may arise, they are manageable through proactive
policies that embrace diversity. Therefore, I assert that a mixture of nationalities within a
country not only contributes to its allure but also serves as a catalyst for its
development.

167. It is often said that digital technology is making it easier for students to
learn. However, others believe that it is leading to distractions and a decrease in
the quality of education. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

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In the contemporary educational landscape, the influence of digital technology is a topic

of considerable debate. Proponents argue that advancements in technology facilitate
enhanced learning experiences, while detractors contend that such tools may
inadvertently undermine educational quality through distractions. This essay will explore
both perspectives before articulating a definitive stance.

On the one hand, advocates of digital technology in education highlight its

transformative potential in promoting interactive and individualized learning. Online
resources, such as educational videos, e-books, and interactive simulations, provide
students with diverse avenues to comprehend complex subjects. For instance,
platforms like Khan Academy allow for personalized learning, enabling students to
progress at their own pace and revisit challenging concepts until mastery is achieved.
Furthermore, technology fosters global connectivity, allowing learners to interact with
peers and experts worldwide, thereby broadening their perspectives and enriching their
educational journey. Such advantages suggest that digital technology not only
enhances the learning experience but also equips students with essential skills for a
technologically driven future.

Conversely, critics argue that the omnipresence of digital devices can lead to significant
distractions, which compromise the quality of education. The allure of social media,
online gaming, and instant messaging can detract students' focus from their academic
responsibilities, resulting in diminished learning outcomes. Studies have indicated that
multitasking between educational content and recreational activities can impair cognitive
processing and retention of information. Additionally, over-reliance on technology may
inhibit the development of traditional study skills and critical thinking, as students might
opt for quick solutions online rather than engaging deeply with the material. This
viewpoint underscores a crucial concern: while technology can be a powerful
educational tool, it must be approached with caution to mitigate its potential to disrupt
learning.

In conclusion, while it is clear that digital technology offers numerous educational

benefits by enhancing accessibility and personalizing learning experiences, the
associated risks of distraction and superficial engagement cannot be overlooked. In my
view, a balanced approach that integrates technology judiciously into educational
frameworks is essential. By doing so, educators can harness the advantages of digital
tools while minimizing their drawbacks, ultimately fostering a more effective learning
environment for students.

168. Environmental problems are becoming more serious and widespread. Many
people say that individuals should take responsibility for solving these problems,

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while others believe that it is the government that should take care of the
environment. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

Serious -> noun/Seriousness

Severe ->severity

1/ The increasing severity of environmental issues around the world has become a
highly alarming concern that raises the recommendations that each individual must be
responsible for these problems.
2/ With the increasing severity of environmental issues around the planet, some people
have suggested that each individual needs to be responsible for handling these
problems, while others claim that the government should play the main role in this
matter.
3/ Due to the increasing intensity and frequency of environmental issues around the
planet, some people think that it is important to make each individual responsible for
handling these problems, while others claim that the government needs to play a bigger
role in handling them.
4/ In order to address the escalating severity of environmental problems around our
planet, some people indicate that each person must bear individualistic responsibility for
handling these issues, while others claim that the government needs to take the lead.
5/ The ever-increasing severity of environmental problems has gathered intense
attention from many individuals. Some of them recommend that each person needs to
take the responsibility of handling these issues, while others think that this burden is on
our government.

6/ The debate over who should bear the primary responsibility for addressing
environmental problems - individuals or governments - is a critical one, as the
health of our planet hangs in the balance. This essay will argue that while both
parties play crucial roles, it is the synergy: sự kết hợp giữa hai cái of their efforts
that will prove most effective in combating environmental issues.

[Although both schools of thought offer merit, I agree with the former/ latter perspective]
[Although both schools of thought offer merit, my personal opinion expresses a stronger
alignment with the former/ latter perspective]

Ví dụ giờ nói: On the one hand, there is one major reason that explains why the
governments must be responsible for tackling environmental issues. -> rất khó để viết
As the government has the ability to legislate and apply regulations, they can control
environmental damages. -> Viết bài như vầy thì bài không WORK!!! Bài bị kẹt, đưa vào
ngõ cụt. -> 90% người viết vậy

Cũng cái ý đó - Dùng kỹ thuật: Nowadays, our environment is increasingly damaged

due to recklessness of large companies, which focus on production with considering the
environmental factors. As a result, they regularly discharge a lot of waste into the
environment, causing massive destruction. As individuals cannot regulate what

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companies do, the responsibility must be handled by the government. If the government
can impose heavy punishments on violated companies, they will no longer damage the
environment, which helps us solve the problem at its root. - chỉ có 10% người viết được
vậy thôi

Thành ra bài điểm thấp là không phải do có idea - chỉ do không có kĩ thuật thôi.

Đi lại: Nowadays, many environmental issues are caused by the unregulated production
that sacrifices our environment. As each individual cannot regulate how companies and
establishments operate, they cannot stop this issue even if they are willing to do so. As
a result, our governments, the sole entity with vast political and legislative powers, must
intervene in this process and implement strict regulations to stop harmful activities of
large companies.

Viết khó nhất: On the one hand, governments have the power to react and
enforce large-scale policies that can significantly influence environmental
outcomes. They can implement regulations to limit emissions, enforce pollution
control, and invest in renewable energy. For example, the Paris Agreement, a
landmark treaty within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change (UNFCC), showcases how government action can set global targets to
reduce greenhouse gas emissions with the aim of mitigating climate change.
Furthermore, governments can foster innovation in sustainable technologies and
practices through grants and subsidies, encouraging businesses to develop
green solutions.

Viết dễ: On the one hand, there is one major reason that explains why the government
must be responsible for handling environmental problems. TCA-In the past, materialism
and consumerism cultures still did not affect our world, the pressure on each business
to produce products massively was limited, helping them to follow more closely to the
goal of sustainable development. However, as pressure on them increases
substantially, with the significant demands for products, they have pushed the limits of
production and inflicted more damage on our environment. As only the governments
can implement rules to control these behaviors, they must take the responsibility and try
to limit destructive behaviors of large companies.

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169. [Actual Test] In developing countries, children in rural communities have

less access to education. Some people believe that the problem can be solved by
providing more schools and teachers, while others think that the problem can be
solved by providing computers and Internet access.

Discuss both views and give your opinion.

1/ The issue of inaccessibility to education among the group of adolescents living in

rural communities is highly prevalent in developing nations around the world. Some
individuals are of the opinion that building more schools and assigning more teachers
could potentially solve this problem, while others claim that more computers with
Internet access are needed. -> mở bài quá khó. Although both schools of thought hold
merit, my personal opinion aligns more with the former/ latter perspective.

2/ In a number of developing nations around the world, adolescents living in remote

areas have difficulty accessing education. Some people think that in order to solve this
problem, more schools and teachers should be provided. Others think that computers
with Internet access are more vital. Although both perspectives hold merit, I agree more
with the former/ the latter one.

3/ Many developing nations have encountered the issue that adolescents in remote
areas cannot access education with ease. Some people claim that we can solve this
problem with more schools and teachers, while others think that the solution rests on
having more computers with Internet access. Despite the positives of both views, I
agree more with the former/ latter perspective.

4/ In some developing nations around the globe, the lack of accessibility to education is
a prevalent issue among the group of adolescents living in remote regions. Some
people suggest that we would solve this problem by building more schools and
allocating more teachers. Others, nevertheless, think that the solution is to have more
computers with Internet access. Although both views are rational to an extent, I agree
more with the former/ latter perspective. [based on some major reasons that are
explained further in the essay]

Main - 2 khổ
Khổ 1 - chứng minh view 1 - Some people believe that the problem can be solved by
providing more schools and teachers - làm sao cái view này work - rất là khó viết. Dễ
fail. -> On the one hand, there are some reasons that explain why having more schools
and teachers can potentially solve the inaccessibility to education among children living
in rural areas. If we have more schools and teachers, children would access education
much better. As a result, this solution is effective because it helps children access
education. (không có chứng minh gì hết trơn á)
Cũng dở: The construction of more schools and the allocation of more educators would
potentially increase the coverage of education in rural areas. As a result, children would

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find it much easier to get access to education in these areas. This is why this solution is
effective and is actively endorsed by many people.

- developing countries
- children (chứ không phải normal students)
- rural communities
- lack of accessibility to education
Nếu như mình muốn nói việc xây thêm trường giúp trẻ em tiếp cận giáo dục, thì hiện tại,
nguyên nhân hàng đầu dẫn đến khó khăn tiếp cận giáo dục là gì??? -> [HIỆN TẠI
THIẾU TRƯỜNG, THIẾU NGƯỜI DẠY HỌC]
In rural communities, due to the lack of funding from the limited national budget of many
developing countries, the number of schools and teachers is significantly small. This
means that in order to pursue education, children must travel to distant locations, which
costs a lot of time and money for their parents. As these conditions cannot be satisfied
in many cases, children in these locations lack accessibility to education. Thus, if we
can have more schools and teachers in these regions, such an issue would not occur,
helping children be educated properly.

Many rural communities lack a significant number of educational institutions for children
due to the limited budget assigned by their governments. As a result, children in these
places often have many troubles pursuing education, which may result in a very high
illiteracy rate. If the governments manage to assign more budget and construct more
schools, such an issue would not occur, helping children get easy access to education
and potentially lifting the whole regions out of poverty.

[Đầu tiên, nhớ các yếu tố đề cho: rural areas, developing nations, children ]
-> Rural areas - thiếu trường và giáo viên, do không ai muốn đến để sống, và thiếu
ngân sách xây trường.

Rural areas often lack teachers and schools because not many educators want to move
to a distant location to work, while the budget assigned for these regions is often limited,
especially given the financial constraints of developing nations.
-> Rural areas often lack teachers and schools. The reason is that teachers generally
do not want to move to distant locations to work. Also, developing nations do not have
large budgets which can be spent on building schools in low-demand areas.

(Rural areas often have major problems with the number of schools and teachers. The
reason is that they fail to attract talented educators due to their remoteness, and the
budget they receive is usually insufficient)

[Chính vì vậy, trẻ em thường không có tiếp cận giáo dục ở địa điểm này]
-> As a result, children in these areas often have exceptional problems pursuing
education.

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As a result, if we manage to increase the number of schools and teachers in these

areas, the primary issues could be handled, helping children get better access to
education.
Gom lại: In rural communities, the lack of teachers and schools is highly problematic,
which is caused by the low budget assigned to these places and the limited
attractiveness towards talented educators. As a result, children living in these regions
face tremendous obstacles when they pursue formal education. Thus, if the number of
schools and teachers can be boosted by the government, these issues would no longer
exist, helping children get access to better education.

Some people believe that the problem can be solved by providing more schools
and teachers -> giải pháp này dẫn đến điều gì. Nếu như một quốc gia không có
chi phí quá nhiều mà bây giờ bắt người ta đầu tư nhiều cho một địa điểm specific
nào đó - xây nhiều cơ sở hạ tầng, nhân lực, quảng bá ….. -> cuối cùng cái chỗ
remote communities nó biến thành gì em??? Thì nó đâu còn remote areas nữa
đâu - tính huống quá lí tưởng - biến đổi cả khu vực đó luôn chứ không phải em
chỉ đang giải quyết vấn đề về giáo dục - unrealistic.

Khổ 2 - chứng minh view 2 - rất khó

On the other hand, some people endorse the view that having more computers with
Internet access is more important. The measure that focuses on increasing the number
of schools and teachers is highly costly, nay impossible, which can be a challenge for
developing nations with limited national budgets. Thus, focusing on solutions that
require less financial capital could be more realistic. For instance, the government can
build locations that host many computers with Internet access, and then install
educational applications, which children can use to learn by themselves.

Conclusion - state opinion.

In conclusion, although there are mixed opinions on determining the solution for the lack
of accessibility to education of children in rural areas, I think that balancing the budget
and building more schools while giving more access to computers could be the optimal
approach. While having more schools and teachers directly improves accessibility to
education, computers can be utilized for the self-learning process, which acts as a
passive educational method.

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170. Some people say that too much attention and too many resources are given
to the protection of wild animals and birds. Do you agree or disagree?

Some people believe that we are paying too much attention to and spending too much
money on protecting wild animals. In this essay, however, I would challenge this school
of thought.

Firstly, the amount of attention that we are paying to wildlife is far from enough. In my
view, people now are occupied by a huge amount of workload when they are at school
or at the workplace and an abundance of entertainment choices when they come home.
Only a tiny proportion of the human population reads or watches news about how much
damage humankind has done to the environment as knowing about what is trendy
rather than serious environmental problems is more satisfying when they discuss with
their friends and colleagues. Hence, it is sensible to conclude that more attention should
be directed to preserving animals.

It is also unreasonable to say that too much money is being spent on the protection of
wildlife as it also ensures the survival of our own kind. If some keystone animals, such
as bees, died out, causing mass extinctions, and threatening our very existence, the
amount of money and manpower needed to address the resulting changes to our own
habitat would far outweigh the amount spent on animal protection. To make matters
worse, there is no certainty that we would be able to develop our technologies to cope
with such dramatic changes since no existing technologies are making any discernible
contributions to the battle against climate change, let alone the looming end of our own
kind.

In conclusion, it is a mistake to assume that too much attention, manpower and money
is being directed towards the protection of wildlife.

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171. The amount of rubbish in our world is increasing at a rapid rate. Why is this
happening? What can be done to reduce it?

It is true that countries around the world are rife with bags, plastic bottles and rubbish.
This state of affairs can be attributed to several reasons and some viable solutions that
can be adopted to alleviate the situation will be outlined in this essay/ Although the
amount of rubbish is increasingly significant, acknowledging the reasons behind
this state of affairs will effectively find viable solutions to this pressing problem.

Three main factors are to blame for the increasing waste production worldwide. Firstly,
the pervasive presence of advertising can create a growing demand for consumer
goods, and as a result, greater amounts of waste will be produced through production
and consumption of goods. To make matters worse, more plastic bags and containers
are being used more than ever because of the arrival of food delivery services. Finally,
the low rates of recycling are the next possible contributor to our planet being strewn
with waste. In most countries, many manufacturers gravitate towards virgin materials,
which are often cheaper than recyclable ones, in the course of production.

To address the problem of waste, it should be, first and foremost, brought to the fore
and then it can be tackled by education. With regard to making the problem known to
the public, this can be done by mounting an international awareness campaign about
the dangers of over-consumption and environmental problems posed by waste, and
celebrities who are trusted by the public can also provide hand spreading messages. As
for education, school children should be educated about how to reduce, reuse and
recycle. Since these young people will grow up and act as role models to the next
generations, the impact of such an initiative will reverberate through generations to
come.

In conclusion, the unimaginable amount of waste produced worldwide can be ascribed

to advertising, food shipping services and low rates of recycling, and the solutions rest
on awareness-raising campaigns, the participation of high-profile public figures and
education.

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172. Most countries aim to improve their standard of living through economic
development, but many important social values can be lost as a result. Do the
advantages of economic development outweigh the disadvantages?

✌
lại là một đề siêu chua nữa

Enhancing the quality of life through the proxy of economic progression has become a
popular approach utilized by a large number of nations around the world. However, this
direction of development has raised concerns due to its deleterious impacts on the
social values of countries. In this essay, I would assess whether the positive sides
overperform the drawbacks.

Dễ sai: tích cực -> giúp phát triển kinh tế, cải thiện đời sống người dân, giúp người dân
có ăn có mặc.
=>>>>>>>>>>> có mất đi social values thì vẫn tích cựccccccc!!!!!!!!!!!

Khi cải thiện chất lượng cuộc sống thì việc mất đi các outdated social value là hiển
nhiên.

When nations focus on improving economic progress, they must create a hospitable
environment for international investors and businesses around the world. This integrity
would foster cultural exchange, leading to modernization of social values and a
transformation in the ways people engage in their lives. Many of these changes are
positive, including the concept of gender equality and acceptance towards minor groups
of people.

-> Economic improvement is generally associated with the ability of a nation to create a
hospitable environment for international investors and businesses, initiating an
inevitable process of cultural exchange. The exposure to novel cultural values would
progressively alter the domestic culture, leading to the adoption of beneficial
perspectives and expectations. For instance, since the economic revolution in the 50s of
Japan, the rate of people who have a positive perception of international travelers has
surged massively to 75% by 2010, according to a survey.

Tiêu cực (dễ viết): However, the loss of social values could eventually become
counterproductive as it takes away the uniqueness that fuels tourism activities. In many
nations around the world, profit from tourism contributes a large proportion to the GDP
of a nation, from 20% in France to around 50% in Maldives. These nations are known
for their vibrant and dynamic cultures, which captivate international tourists and bring

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about tremendous profit. Once they lose these culturally important values, the level of
attractiveness would plunge, taking away the livelihood of many domestic people.

In conclusion, after considering the benefits and the problems associated with the
current trend of developing the economy at the cost of some traditional values, I believe
that the positivity is still more substantial. Eventually, the most important goal of any
nation is to improve the quality of living and increase the income of people. Although
some social values may be lost, the process is inevitable and could be mitigated with
extra governmental support, such as promoting traditions and researching customs
scientifically.

BÀI HOÀN CHỈNH

Economic development is a key goal for most nations, as it offers the potential to raise
living standards and boost prosperity. However, this progress often comes at the
expense of social values, as shifts in lifestyle, work culture, and social dynamics
reshape traditional ways of life. While economic development brings undeniable
benefits, I believe that the loss of critical social values can have lasting negative
impacts, which often outweigh these advantages.

On the one hand, economic development provides various advantages that contribute
to a higher quality of life. Increased income levels lead to improved healthcare, better
education, and greater access to modern conveniences, all of which are essential for
personal and national progress. For example, in developed countries, robust economies
have facilitated advancements in healthcare, significantly increasing life expectancy and
reducing infant mortality rates. Furthermore, economic development fosters innovation
and job creation, enabling people to pursue fulfilling careers and reach their full
potential. Such improvements enhance productivity, raise living standards, and
generally increase citizens' happiness and well-being.

However, the rapid push for economic growth can have detrimental effects on social
values. The emphasis on material wealth often leads to increased consumerism and
individualism, sometimes undermining traditional community bonds and values such as
solidarity and mutual support. As people focus more on work and less on relationships,
there can be a loss of social cohesion, which has historically provided stability and
collective identity. For instance, countries that have prioritized economic growth over
social welfare often report higher rates of loneliness, stress, and mental health issues.
In many cases, traditional customs and family roles are eroded as urbanization and
industrialization require individuals to adapt to new, less community-oriented lifestyles.

In conclusion, while economic development can substantially enhance the standard of

living, the erosion of social values can create significant challenges that are often
difficult to reverse. Given these considerations, it is essential for countries to pursue
balanced growth strategies that prioritize both economic progress and the preservation
of important social values, ultimately ensuring a holistic improvement in quality of life.

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173. Some people say that to be successful in sport, it is more important to be

physically strong. Others argue that mental strength is more important.

Discuss both views and give your opinion.

Opinions are divided on the role of physical and mental strength in what lies at the core
of one’s success in sports. I believe that one is not necessarily more important than the
other, as I will explain now.

Supporters of physical prowess point out that most sports do require players to compete
physically, for example in football or basketball games. This requirement means that a
striker in a soccer match is often required to ensure high levels of stamina throughout a
match so that he or she can dribble past defenders, sprint towards their opponents’
goal, finish and be ready to assist his fellow teammates when necessary. This can be
seen in the way Sadio Mane and many other successful footballers like Cristiano
Ronaldo and Messi perform in their games, and it is estimated that the average distance
that they run in a game is around 20 kilometers, which can have deleterious impact on a
normal people’s performance. Without being able-bodied for such an arduous task, they
might not have achieved their levels of success in their sport.

On the other hand, though, those who say that mental prowess, not physical one, plays
the deciding role highlight the fact that one can hardly stick to his training schedule and
succeed in the face of adversity, if he is not self-disciplined, or in other words, mentally
strong. Exceptional sportsmen like Cristiano Ronaldo and Michael Phelps, who train
vigorously every day, clearly illustrate this principle. It was reported that Cristiano
Ronaldo, despite possessing many desirable innate physical attributes and abilities
such as height and speed, has never missed a training session and he even trained all
by himself on the night he won the UEFA champions league, one of the most coveted
titles in football history. Perhaps, without mental resilience, even those with sporting
talents cannot thrive.

In conclusion, physical and mental capabilities are equally important when it comes to
what fundamentally decides whether one is likely to achieve success in his or her sport.

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174. Vietnamese educators are divided on whether the current system of high
schools for the gifted should be maintained. Whilst some argue that the system
may promote unhealthy competition or unnecessary stress among students, and
therefore should be abolished, many others have praised the merits of those
schools and voiced strong approval of their existence.
What advantages can schools for the gifted offer to their students and to society?

Đề này rất kho’.

Lí do: cái question của nó không related với cái prompt ở chỗ nó chỉ kêu advantages
mà trong cái prompt lại kêu: therefore should be abolished.
Nếu không để ý thì chia khổ body rất khó.
Sẽ có người viết là: ok do lợi này đó nên nó sẽ ko bị abolished. Lại nhìn lại đề lần nữa:
promote unhealthy competition or unnecessary stress.
Vậy nên, paragraphing body bài này như sau: 2 khổ đầu nói về lợi ích individuals và
society, khổ cuối cùng là xử lý cái prompt thừa của đề bài.
Chỗ này tư duy ăn tiền: Giờ nếu hủy trường chuyên thì sao? Tức là học sinh phải
học trường thường, bổ túc, … Mà mấy trường đó thì sao? - tệ hơn trường chuyên
là cái chắc -> Nêu điểm yếu của trường thường -> nhấn mạnh việc abolition là
unrealistic. Bài viết dưới well-structured và adapted.

The debate surrounding the continuation of schools for top-performing students in

Vietnam has polarized educators. Some argue that these institutions are likely to foster
detrimental competition and undue stress among students, while others highlight their
numerous benefits. This essay will discuss the advantages that these educational
institutions bring to individuals and society before asserting that abolishing them would
be a mistake.

Of course, it has to be acknowledged that the establishment of specialized schools for

high-achieving students has significantly transformed Vietnam's educational landscape,
ultimately leading to improved performance among Vietnamese students. Evidence has
shown that traditional schools often lack the resources and focused instruction
necessary to fully nurture the potential of gifted learners. This deficiency in targeted
education results in many gifted individuals not receiving the stimulation and challenges
they required, leading to underperformance and unfulfilled potential. In contrast,
studying in specialized institutions can help students thrive academically. These schools
often receive substantial funding from major sponsors and have access to numerous
financial resources, resulting in superior facilities compared to traditional schools. This

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enhanced infrastructure enables gifted schools to provide better learning environments

and resources. As such, students benefit from advanced laboratories, modern learning
equipment, and an intellectually stimulating atmosphere that the traditional schools
cannot match.

From a societal perspective, these schools serve as incubators for leadership and social
responsibility. That gifted students often possess the potential to become future leaders,
as the rigorous training they receive these institutions prepares them for complex
problem-solving and strategic thinking. When encouraged to engage in collaborative
projects and community service, these students develop a strong sense of civic duty
and social awareness. This, in turn, cultivates a generation of leaders who are not only
academically proficient but also socially conscious and committed to contributing to
societal welfare. For example, many alumni of high schools for the gifted have
ascended to influential positions in government, business, and non-profit organizations,
where they leverage their skills and knowledge to implement policies and initiatives that
benefit society as a whole.

Critics of high schools for the gifted often point to the potential for creating a high-
pressure environment that may lead to student burnout and mental health issues. While
this concern is valid, it is crucial to acknowledge that these challenges can be effectively
addressed through parental support systems and educational reforms. By proactively
tackling these issues, high schools for the gifted can ensure that students excel
academically without compromising their well-being.

-> Viết vậy thì người ta dễ bác bỏ: Ủa tại sao trước giờ không làm vậy đi, sao giờ mới
làm, mà cái biện pháp này có khó khăn gì đâu -> đưa ra phản biện bằng cách: idea của
đề suy luận tào lao không liên quan, A chưa chắc suy được ra B.

-> Critics might argue that high schools for the gifted should be abolished due to the
potential for creating high-pressure environments leading to student burnout and mental
health problems. However, this line of reasoning is not sound due to the fact that the
presence of gifted high schools does not inherently cause mental illness, rather, the
issue lies in how parents manage their children. Many parents impose high expectations
and pressure on their children with a view to improving their childrens’ academic
performance, leading to mental health issues. Nevertheless, these outcomes can be
observed in any educational setting, not just in gifted schools. A prime example of this
justification is that the suicide rate among high school students in the US was
approximately 14.5 per 100.000 students, with no significant difference between
students in regular schools and those in specialized ones. Therefore, abolishing schools
for the excellent would not address the core issue, instead, efforts should be directed
towards educating parents on healthy ways to encourage their children’s education and
well-being.

In conclusion, the societal benefits of maintaining high schools for the gifted far
outweigh the potential drawbacks. These institutions are vital for nurturing the

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intellectual and leadership capacities of exceptionally talented individuals, who, in turn,

drive societal progress and innovation. By implementing supportive measures to
address the challenges associated with high-pressure environments, high schools for
the gifted can continue to serve as pillars of societal advancement.

175. The best way to reduce poverty in developing countries is by giving up to six
years of free education, so that they can at least read, write and use numbers. To
what extent do you agree or disagree?

1/ Some individuals are of the opinion that reducing poverty could be done effectively if
free education is granted up to six years in developing nations
2/ Some individuals claim that a reduction in poverty could be accomplished if free
education is provided for up to six years in developing nations.
3/ Some individuals suggest that providing free education up to six years would be an
effective solution against poverty, which may be alleviated as people can read, write,
and use numbers better.
4/ Some people endorse the view that helping more people read, write and use
numbers proficiently by giving free education in a period of up to six years could be an
effective solution against poverty in developing nations.

The assertion that providing up to six years of free education is the most effective
strategy for alleviating poverty in developing nations merits careful examination.
Education is widely regarded as a foundational pillar for personal and societal
advancement, particularly in economically disadvantaged regions. While I concede that
expanding access to basic education can significantly contribute to poverty reduction, I
contend that it must be part of a broader, multifaceted strategy that addresses various
socio-economic issues.

To begin with, ensuring free access to six years of education lays a crucial groundwork
for empowering individuals with essential literacy and numeracy skills. For example,
when citizens are equipped with the ability to read, write, and understand basic
mathematics, they are better positioned to engage in various socio-economic activities,
including employment opportunities that demand minimal educational qualifications.
Furthermore, education fosters critical thinking and increases an individual’s capability
to make informed decisions, thus enhancing their overall quality of life. In countries such
as Bangladesh, initiatives promoting free education have witnessed a significant rise in
enrollment rates, which correlates with an uptick in economic participation among
previously marginalized groups. This demonstrates that access to education can indeed
be a catalyst for economic improvement.

However, while education is undoubtedly vital, it should not be viewed in isolation from
other systemic challenges faced by developing countries. The mere provision of free

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education does not guarantee job placement or economic stability, particularly in

regions where unemployment rates remain alarmingly high or where the job market is
saturated. Moreover, without concurrent investments in job creation, infrastructure, and
healthcare, there is a risk that educated individuals may find themselves unable to apply
their newfound skills in a practical context. For instance, countries heavily reliant on
agriculture may produce educated individuals who lack access to markets or necessary
resources to exploit their skills effectively. Therefore, a holistic approach that integrates
education with economic and social reforms is essential for tackling poverty
comprehensively.

In conclusion, while I recognize the profound impact that six years of free education
could have on reducing poverty in developing nations, it is critical to acknowledge that
this must be part of a broader strategy incorporating economic development, job
creation, and healthcare improvements. Education serves as a fundamental building
block, yet without addressing the interconnected challenges of the socio-economic
landscape, the goal of alleviating poverty may remain elusive. Hence, a multifaceted
approach is imperative for sustained progress.

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176. Many people argue that restaurants should be required to disclose the
national information of the dishes they serve. To what extent do you agree or
disagree?

The debate surrounding the disclosure of national origins of dishes in restaurants has
sparked considerable discussion. Proponents assert that such transparency is crucial
for cultural authenticity and consumer awareness, while opponents argue that it may
infringe on culinary creativity and business autonomy. This essay will evaluate both
perspectives before concluding that restaurants should indeed be obligated to provide
information regarding the national provenance of their offerings.

Advocates for mandatory disclosure of national origins maintain that this practice
enriches the dining experience and fosters cultural appreciation. By informing patrons
about the heritage of their meals, restaurants can promote a deeper understanding of
diverse culinary traditions. For instance, when diners learn that a dish is authentically
Italian, they may be more inclined to appreciate the regional ingredients and traditional
cooking methods that characterize Italian cuisine. Furthermore, such transparency can
assist consumers in making informed choices, particularly for those with dietary
restrictions or allergies. The ability to trace a dish's origins may empower customers to
select meals that align with their ethical beliefs or cultural preferences.

Conversely, some may argue that enforcing disclosure could stifle gastronomic
innovation and discourage culinary experimentation. Chefs often blend ingredients and
techniques from various cuisines, creating unique dishes that may not fit neatly within
one cultural category. Mandating the disclosure of national information could
inadvertently limit this creativity, forcing chefs to adhere strictly to traditional
classifications. Additionally, there are concerns about commercial interests; restaurants
may fear losing customers if their offerings do not align with expected culinary
standards of a particular culture. However, it is important to recognize that while
creativity is vital in the culinary arts, this should not come at the expense of clarity and
authenticity. Offering descriptions that respect both culinary exploration and cultural
identity can harmoniously enhance the dining experience without compromising
innovation.

In conclusion, while there are valid concerns regarding the potential limitations on
creativity imposed by mandatory national origin disclosure, the benefits of cultural
enrichment, informed consumer choices, and ethical dining practices far outweigh these

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drawbacks. Ultimately, it is essential for restaurants to embrace transparency, as it not

only elevates the dining experience but also honors the rich tapestry of global cuisines.

177. Historical objects should be brought back to their country of origin.

To what extent do you agree or disagree?

The question of whether culturally significant artifacts should be returned to their original
countries has ignited considerable debate, involving ethical, cultural, and practical
dimensions. I agree with this viewpoint for some reasons that are further discussed in
the following essay.

Of course, it has to be acknowledged that cultural artifacts are more than just physical
items, they are embodiments of a culture’s history, identity, and heritage. When these
objects are taken from their original context, often without the consent of the originating
community, it represents an act of cultural theft. Repatriating these objects is a way to
rectify past injustices and honor the cultural significance they hold. A prime example of
this justification is that the golden seal of Emperor Gia Long, which was taken by French
forces during the colonial period, is central to the cultural identity of the Vietnamese
people. Returning such a historical object can heal historical wounds and reaffirm the
dignity and autonomy of the originating culture.

Opponents of repatriation may argue that artifacts are better preserved and more
accessible in established museums in the West. In the past, these institutions often had
the resources and expertise to maintain and display artifacts in conditions that may not
have been available in their countries of origin. Additionally, they contend that keeping
these objects in global museums promote cross-cultural understanding and education.
However, this perspective reflects the values and capabilities of a bygone era. In
contrast, contemporary advancements in technology, such as digitization and virtual
reality, have revolutionized the way artifacts can be accessed and appreciated globally.
These innovations make it possible to provide virtual access to cultural artifacts,
allowing a global audience to experience them without physically retaining the objects.
Furthermore, collaborative agreements, where artifacts are loaned for specific periods,
can ensure their preservation while respecting the cultural heritage of their countries of
origin.

In conclusion, the return of historical items to their original countries is a necessary step
towards rectifying historical injustices and honoring cultural heritage. While concerns
over preservation and accessibility are valid, they can be mitigated through
technological advancements and collaborative agreements.

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178. Nowadays many people have access to computers on a wide basis and a
large number of children play computer games. What are the negative impacts of
playing computer games and what can be done to minimize the bad effects?

In today’s digital age, the widespread availability of computers has led to an increase in
the number of children who spend most of their time on screen time. While gaming can
offer various benefits such as improved hand-eye coordination and problem-solving
skills, it also presents a number of detrimental effects on children. This essay will
examine the negative impacts of games on children before proposing some viable
solutions to this phenomenon.

Of course, it has to be acknowledged that children are naturally curious, energetic, and
social beings. Games, particularly those designed to be addictive, can exploit these
traits, leading children to prioritize gaming over other essential activities. This can
negatively impact mental health, potentially leading to issues such as anxiety,
depression, and social isolation. At the same time, exposure to violent and ubiquitously
inappropriate content in many games are likely to influence children’s behavior and
attitudes, potentially leading to increased desensitization to violence.

Nevertheless, addressing the negative impacts of computer games requires a

multifaceted approach involving parents, and policymakers. One effective strategy is the
involvement of parents. Parents possess the maturity, wisdom, and life experience that
children lack. These features enable them to provide valuable guidance and set
appropriate boundaries. By actively engaging with their children’s gaming, parents can
help interpret and contextualize game content, ensuring it aligns with family values and
development needs. Another key solution lies in policymakers as they have the
authority to create and enforce regulations that can protect children from the potential
harms of gaming. Their ability to legislate and implement policies enables them to set
age-appropriate ratings, control the distribution of violent or inappropriate content, and
ensure that games meet specific safety standards. This regulatory power ultimately
helps to create a safer gaming environment for children.

In conclusion, while computer games are a popular pastime among children, they can
have several negative impacts if not managed properly. Through enhancing parental
involvement and implementing supportive policies, we can ensure that children enjoy

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the benefits of gaming without compromising on their well-being and naturally good
personalities.

179. The development of tourism contributed to English becoming the most

prominent language in the world. Some people think this will lead to English
becoming the only language to be spoken globally.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of having one language in the
world?

The spread of English, largely driven by tourism, has positioned it as the most
prominent global language. With the rise of globalization and international
communication, some argue that English might eventually become the sole language
spoken worldwide. This idea presents both opportunities and challenges that are
presented in this essay.

On the one hand, English being spoken worldwide can bring several benefits such as
being practical in facilitating international communication and cooperation. In the past,
communication barriers across nations hindered international cooperation. In the past,
business negotiations, academic exchanges, and travel were often hard-pressed due to
the absence of a common language. However, after people acknowledged the ease of
learning English through standardized alphabet, the benefits of having English as one
global language have been amplified.The efficiency gained in communication would
extend into education, technology, and international governance. Furthermore, the
accessibility of information, particularly through the internet, is enhanced as a larger
audience is reached with content disseminated in one language, thereby promoting an
interconnected global community.

On the other hand, the dominance of a single language, particularly English, would also
come with notable disadvantages, especially regarding cultural identity and society
diversity. As English gained prominence, some regional languages already experienced
a decline, with younger generations favoring English for economic and social mobility.
Another factor to consider is that English is not merely a communication tool, it carries
the history, values, and worldview of its speakers. A shift towards one global language
could lead to the homogenization of cultural practices and an erosion of linguistic
diversity. Thousands of languages could disappear, and with them, the wisdom
embedded in local traditions, folklore, and customs. This would weaken the richness of
human culture and limit individual expression.

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In conclusion, the idea of English being used as a single global language, while
practical in facilitating international communication and cooperation, presents significant
challenges in preserving linguistic and cultural diversity. Thus, it is essential to find a
balance that allows for the global use of a common language without erasing the rich
tapestry of human languages.

180. Some people say free time activities for children should be organized by
parents. Others say that children should be free to choose what they do in their
free time. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
The debate surrounding the organization of children's leisure activities is a contentious
one, with differing perspectives on whether parental guidance or child autonomy is
paramount. Advocates for structured involvement by parents contend that it ensures
productive utilization of free time, while proponents of self-directed play argue that it
promotes individuality and personal growth. This essay will explore both views before
articulating my own stance, which favors the latter approach.

Proponents of organized activities often assert that such interventions by parents can
shield children from misadventures and poor choices that may arise in unstructured
environments. For instance, parents can introduce their offspring to enriching
experiences such as music lessons or sports, which not only cultivate specific talents
but also instill discipline and teamwork. Furthermore, these organized pastimes can
provide a structured environment that helps children develop social skills as they
interact with peers under supervision. For example, children engaged in team sports
learn the importance of collaboration and mutual respect, qualities that are essential for
success in adulthood. Some argue that this guidance can lead to well-rounded
individuals who possess a diversified skill set and an appreciation for various
recreational activities.

On the other hand, allowing children the freedom to select their own hobbies can
significantly enhance their sense of agency and creativity. When children are offered the
liberty to pursue their own interests, they are more likely to cultivate a genuine passion
and commitment to those activities. For instance, a child who chooses to explore
painting or coding does so out of intrinsic motivation, which often leads to greater
satisfaction and achievement. Furthermore, self-directed play fosters critical thinking
and problem-solving skills, as children learn to navigate challenges independently.
Critics of organized activities argue that excessive parental involvement may stifle
creativity and lead to a reliance on external validation, which can hinder personal
development. Thus, a balance must be achieved that prioritizes children's autonomy
while still offering guidance as necessary.

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In conclusion, while recognizing the merits of parental organization in children's leisure

pursuits, I firmly believe that affording children the autonomy to make their own choices
in this regard is more advantageous. Encouraging self-directed engagement not only
nurtures creativity and independence but also equips children with essential life skills. A
more effective approach could involve a synergistic model where parents support their
children’s choices, guiding them towards diverse opportunities while respecting their
innate preferences.

181. By punishing murderers with the death penalty, society is also guilty of
committing murder. Therefore, life in prison is a better punishment for
murderers? To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?

The debate over whether society is morally justified in using the capital penalty to
punish murderers has been ongoing for decades. Some argue that by executing
murderers, society is committing an act of murder itself, suggesting that life
imprisonment is a more appropriate punishment. I strongly agree with this statement.

The argument that society is guilty of murder when it enforces the death penalty stems
from a fundamental ethical standpoint. At its core, this perspective relies on the trait of
respect for human life. By taking a life as a form of punishment, society contradicts its
moral stance against murder. This contradiction undermines the ethical foundation that
values human life and condemns taking it. Life imprisonment, on the other hand,
upholds the sanctity of life while ensuring that the perpetrator is removed from society
and prevented from causing further harm.

From a humanitarian perspective, traits such as compassion and empathy also play a
crucial role in this discussion. The conditions of life imprisonment can be structured to
focus on rehabilitation rather than solely on punishment. While not all murderers may be
rehabilitated, the possibility of reform exists, and a compassionate society should offer
avenues for individuals to atone for their crimes. Life imprisonment, with opportunities
for education and self-improvement, reflects a human approach that aligns with the
values of a compassionate society.

In conclusion, while the death penalty may seem like a fitting retribution for heinous
crimes, it raises significant ethical, humanitarian concerns. By opting for life
imprisonment over the death penalty, society can ensure a humane, just, and morally
consistent approach to punishing murderers. Therefore, I agree with the statement that
life in prison is a better punishment for murderers, as it upholds the values of a just and
compassionate society.

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180. In recent years, the family structure has changed, as well as family roles.
What are the changes occurring? Do you think these changes are positive or
negative?

The contemporary world has witnessed a fundamental transformation in the way each
family is structured, leading to a drastic alteration in the role that each member plays. In
this essay, I would explore some of the major changes that are hallmarks of this
development before assessing whether it is beneficial or perilous to society.

1/ There are some clear changes in the way that each family derives its finances and
sustains its proliferation. In the past, due to the lack of accessibility to education,
females were disproportionately less favored to receive official training that gave them
an entry to the job market, making men primarily the ones who supply money for their
families. In contrast, thanks to educational equality, women and men can have equal
chances at earning income, meaning that many men are now staying at home while
their partners are working and earning money.
2/ There are some clear changes in the way that each family derives its finances and
sustains its proliferation. In the past, the pervasiveness of gender discrimination had
prohibited women from equal access to education, making men in each family to be the
main financial contributor. However, as our world becomes modernized from a cultural
and social perspective, women can get high quality education similar to their
counterparts. Thus, many men are now staying at home and handling domestic chores,
while their partners take on the role of sustaining the families financially.

As the changes in the role of each family member occur based on equality, they make
the overall development beneficial to our society as a whole. While the assignment of
familial roles in the past was based on social norms and the unfair restriction towards a
specific gender, a harmonious arrangement might not be achieved easily. However, in
this modern world, each family assigns roles based on actual capabilities in the field of
homemaker and income earner, leading to better accomplishments of both objectives.

In conclusion, as the world has transformed rapidly, the way each family is organized
has also been altered, especially when it comes to deciding who should be the financial
contributor or the domestic homemaker. This shift has been initiated by a fairer
distribution of opportunities, removing unnecessary obstacles and helping families have

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more well-off income and take care of chores better. Thus, I believe this positive trend
should be embraced and expanded in the future.

181. Employers should give holidays of at least one month to employees to

encourage them to perform better at the workplace. To what extent do you agree
or disagree?

Some people think that giving holidays that last at least one month to employees could
positively empower them to work more effectively in their professional occupations.
Personally, I partly/ totally agree/ disagree with this suggestion based on some reasons
that are explained in this essay.

On the one hand, there are some reasons that explain why giving employees an
extensive vacation of around one month could be highly beneficial for their
performance. With the hustle and bustle lifestyle of many workers nowadays,
spending time with their family has become a rarity. Thus, if employers allow people to
take a longer break, they could spend more time with their families, which positively
affects their mental well-being.-> Câu này vẫn chưa đảm bảo được yêu cầu ✌ của đề!!
Chưa liên quan đến work performance. Cái đó mới là cái giúp mình ăn điểm
Đi lại bài lái thì ra bài đẹp liền.

Bây giờ hiện tại thì có cái gì với gia đình, mà khiến công nhân khó làm việc hiệu quả ->
nhưng nếu cho nghỉ ngơi càng lâu càng tốt, thì giải quyết được vấn đề gì.

On the one hand, there are some reasons that explain why giving employees an
extensive vacation of around one month could be highly beneficial for their
performance. Nowadays, achieving a balance between professional and personal lives
has become exceedingly hard given the hectic schedule of many modern workplaces.
Thus, many workers are gradually burnt out both mentally and physically, limiting their
ability to contribute optimally to their firms. If employers give their workers a prolonged
vacation, they could spend time with their beloved ones, giving them chances to re-
energize to come back to work with a higher level of morale and productivity.

Chỉnh tiếp: On the one hand, there are some reasons that explain why giving
employees an extensive vacation of around one month could be highly beneficial for
their performance. Although a balance between professional and personal obligations
has been proven to determine the productivity level of workers, achieving it has been

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elusive due to the heavy workload that is ubiquitous in all modern offices. If a prolonged
vacation is given, many individuals could finally spend quality time with their families
and loved ones, recharging their energy and giving them back the ability to work
productively.

On the other hand, an extensively prolonged holiday of around one month may
inadvertently disrupt the workflow while causing damage to the operation of a business.
Đừng có bao giờ viết mấy câu vậy: When a worker is allowed to leave the office for
more than one month, they would not be able to continue working with other workers.
This would cause disruption and may lead to many delays in the professional
environments.
The ability to function optimally in any firm depends on the connection between each
employee, which is built through regular exchange of information that covers novel
ideas and solutions. When workers are allowed to take vacations for a long period of
time, this delicate network of communication is broken down, causing issues for the firm
to operate at its best. Also, such a long period of break could make it impossible for
workers to remember many professional training and procedures, causing waste as
their companies must restart everything for them from the beginning.

In conclusion, although there are debates about the viability of giving employees a
prolonged holiday to encourage better performance, I believe that this could be applied
only to a selective number of excellent individuals. While the concept of a long vacation
can be exceptionally appealing, it may lead to unwanted disruptions that damage the
profitability of a business.

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182. Parents want to achieve balance between family and career but only a few
manage to achieve it.
What do you think is the reason?
Discuss possible solutions and provide examples.

In today’s fast-paced world, many parents strive to find a balance between family
responsibilities and their careers. However, despite their best efforts, only a few
successfully achieve this equilibrium. This essay aims to find the reasons behind this
struggle before proposing potential solutions to help parents better manage their dual
roles.

It is essential to acknowledge that the struggle for work-life balance among parents is
rooted in historical shifts in family dynamics and the complexities of modern life. In the
past, the traditional family structure often saw one parent, usually the father, as the
breadwinner, while the mother managed household duties and childcare. This division
of labor, though restrictive in some ways, allowed for a clear separation between work
and family responsibilities. However, as societies evolved, so did family dynamics. The
rise of dual-income households has become more common, driven by economic
necessity and the increasing participation of women in the workforce. This shift, while
empowering in many respects, also introduced new challenges. The clear boundaries
between work and family begin to blur, and parents find themselves juggling multiple
roles without sufficient support systems. At the same time, the demands of modern
careers, coupled with societal pressures to excel both at work and at home, have made
it increasingly difficult for parents to achieve a work-life balance.

Nevertheless, there are some viable solutions that can help parents to achieve work-life
balance. One key approach is for employers to implement more flexible work
arrangements. This includes offering options such as flexible hours, remote work, and
compressed workweeks. By allowing parents to have more control over their schedules,
they can allocate time more effectively between work and family responsibilities. For
example, some companies have introduced “core hours” when employees must be
available, but outside of those hours, they can choose what they want to do at their own
pace, helping them manage family needs more effectively. Another approach rests on

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governments as they have the power to provide policies that support working parents.
Paid parental leave, affordable childcare, and tax incentives for families are essential
measures that can alleviate the financial pressures parents face. Countries like
Sweden, for instance, offer generous parental leave and subsidized child care, which
have been shown to significantly improve the harmony between professional and
personal life.

In conclusion, the challenge of managing both career and domestic roles effectively
among parents is deeply rooted in historical changes in family roles and the
complexities of modern living. Despite these difficulties, practical solutions rest on
employers and governments who can implement flexible work hours, enact supportive
policies, and eventually, achieving a stable balance between career and home life will
become a realistic goal for a larger number of families.
183. Some people think technology development decreases crime, while others
believe it actually encourages crimes.
Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

The impact of technology on crime is a subject of significant debate. While some argue
that technological advancements have decreased crime rate by enhancing security and
law enforcement capabilities, others contend that technology has created new
opportunities for criminal activity, leading to an increase in certain types of crime. This
essay aims to discuss both views extensively before claiming that I lean towards the
former view.

On the one hand, some assert that technology has introduced new avenues for criminal
behavior. In the past, criminal activities were largely physical, such as theft, burglary, or
assault. The limited technological capabilities meant that crimes were mostly localized,
and criminals had fewer means to carry out large-scale operations. However, the rise of
the Internet and digital technologies has given birth to cybercrime, a new frontier in
criminal activity. Today, cybercriminals can operate from anywhere in the world,
targeting victims across borders and using sophisticated methods to evade detection.
This expansion of criminal activity into the digital realm represents a significant shift
from traditional crime, making it more challenging for law enforcement to combat these
threats. The rise of cybercrime exemplifies how technological development has, in some
cases, encouraged new forms of criminal behavior, complicating the landscape of law
enforcement.

On the other hand, the overall effect of technology on crime has been largely positive.
Critics may point to the rise in cybercrime as evidence of technology’s negative
influence, but I would note that this perspective fails to acknowledge the significant
strides made in crime prevention and detection through modern technology.
Surveillance systems like CCTV and biometric identification have dramatically
enhanced the ability to monitor and prevent criminal activities, acting as both deterrents
and tools for post-crime investigations. Predictive policing, which uses data analysis and
AI to anticipate and prevent crime before it occurs, represents another major

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advancement that has contributed to reducing crime rates. As such, while technology
has indeed facilitated new avenues for crime, it has also empowered law enforcement
with more effective tools, leading to a net decrease in crime overall.

In conclusion, while technology has indeed facilitated new forms of crime, particularly in
the digital realm, its overall impact has been positive in reducing traditional crime and
enhancing law enforcement capabilities. [My stance leans towards the view that
technological developments have led to a decrease in crime, with the ongoing challenge
being to leverage these advancements to stay ahead of criminal innovation while
addressing the emerging threats that accompany technological progress.]

DRAFT 2. The relationship between technological advancement and crime rates

remains a contentious topic of discussion. Some individuals assert that innovations in
technology have effectively reduced crime through enhanced security measures and
improved law enforcement techniques. Conversely, there are those who argue that
technological progress has resulted in the proliferation of new crime opportunities,
consequently leading to an increase in certain criminal activities. This essay will
thoroughly explore both perspectives before articulating my belief that the overall impact
of technology is primarily beneficial in diminishing crime rates.

Proponents of the view that technology encourages crime point to the emergence of
new forms of criminality, particularly in the digital domain. In the past, crime such as
theft, burglary, and physical assault were restricted by geographical and infrastructural
limitations. However, advancements in technology, particularly the advent of the
Internet, have facilitated the rise of cybercrime—a sophisticated and pervasive type of
illicit activity. Today, cybercriminals exploit technological resources to operate
anonymously and conduct their activities transnationally. For instance, identity theft and
online fraud are now prevalent, with perpetrators using complex algorithms and hacking
techniques to evade law enforcement detection. The rise of cybercrime exemplifies how
technological development has, in some cases, encouraged new forms of criminal
behavior, complicating the landscape of law enforcement.

Conversely, it suffices to recognize that the overall impact of technological

advancements on crime is predominantly advantageous. While critics may highlight the
troubling rise of cybercrime, they overlook the substantial improvements made in crime
prevention and intervention attributed to modern technology. For example, innovations
such as closed-circuit television (CCTV) systems and biometric verification have
significantly bolstered surveillance capabilities and empowered law enforcement to
deter criminal activity effectively. Moreover, the implementation of predictive policing—
utilizing data analytics and artificial intelligence to forecast potential criminal behavior—
has emerged as a promising strategy in reducing crime rates. By harnessing these
advanced tools, law enforcement agencies have achieved notable successes in curbing

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crime despite the challenges posed by new technologies. Thus, while it is undeniable
that technology has spawned novel forms of criminal behavior, it equally provides law
enforcement with enhanced capabilities to combat these threats, resulting in an overall
decrease in crime.

In conclusion, although it is evident that technology has engendered new avenues for
crime, especially within the digital ecosystem, its overarching influence has been
decidedly beneficial in mitigating traditional criminal activities and augmenting law
enforcement effectiveness. I firmly advocate the perspective that technological
advancements have contributed to a decline in crime rates. [The ongoing challenge lies
in leveraging these innovations to proactively address emerging criminal trends while
simultaneously fortifying our defenses against the risks associated with progressive
technologies.]

184. [Sample-Huy] Some people think history has nothing or little to tell us, but
others think that studying the past history can help us better understand the
present. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

While some believe history holds little relevance in our technology-driven world, others
argue that studying the past is crucial to understanding the present. This essay will
examine both views before claiming that history remains a valuable tool for navigating
the complexities of modern society.

Those who dismiss the importance of history often point to the transformative power of
technology. They argue that the rapid pace of technological advancement renders past
events and their solutions obsolete. Modern life, they contend, operates on entirely
different principles than those of previous generations, making historical knowledge
largely irrelevant. In this view, focusing on the past distracts us from addressing the
unique challenges of the present.

However, proponents of studying history emphasize the enduring nature of human

behavior. They argue that despite technological advancements, fundamental human
motivations and societal patterns persist throughout time. By examining historical
events, we gain insights into the root causes of current social movements, political
ideologies, and cultural norms. Understanding the successes and failures of the past
equips us with valuable lessons for navigating contemporary issues, such as conflict
resolution, diplomacy, and social progress.

While technological advancements undoubtedly shape our present, I firmly believe that
history remains an invaluable resource for understanding the complexities of the
modern world. The human story, with its recurring themes of conflicts, cooperation,
innovation, and adaptation, transcends technological eras. By studying history, we gain
a deeper understanding of the forces that have shaped our present, enabling us to
make more informed decisions and navigate the challenges of a rapidly changing world.

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History, therefore, should not be relegated to the past, rather, it should be embraced as
a vital tool for shaping a better future.

185. People all over the world wear the same fashions, watch the same T.V
channels, use the same brands and have similar eating habits. Do you think that
the advantages of this trend outweigh the disadvantages?

In this day and age, wearing a similar fashion style, watching the same TV programs,
and even using the exact brands or following similar dietary habits have become more
prevalent and pervasive in many nations around the world.
-> In this day and age, sharing similar aspects, from fashion, TV programs, brands of
consumption, or even dietary habits, has become a prevalent tendency among many
modern people around the world.
-> In this day and age, people are becoming more similar in many aspects of their lives,
including fashion, TV programs, brand consumption, or even dietary habits. Personally,
I believe that this development has more benefits than drawbacks, and in this essay, I
would prove my perspective on this matter.

Tích cực:
Consumerism -> tích cực đến cultural exchange -> tức là tiêu dùng giống nhau, có giúp
chia sẻ văn hóa giữa các quốc gia

Economic benefits -> universal investment -> đầu tư đa quốc gia / job creation.

Hơi khó, hạn chế dùng: sense of global community -> người ta cảm thấy kết nối với
nhau dễ dàng hơn.

Tiêu cực:
Erosion of cultural identity
Environmental impact -> do hàng hóa cần phải lưu thông quãng đường xa hơn
Mất diversity -> mất đi sự sáng tạo

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There are some benefits associated with the advent of people using similar products
and sharing many commonalities in their daily lives. [fail] When people use the same
sets of products, they may have an easier time understanding the cultural values of
different nations. As a result, this development helps foster cultural exchange, which
can benefit many nations.

There are some benefits associated with the advent of people using similar products
and sharing many commonalities in their daily lives. When people start sharing similar
habits, they can start appreciating that the differences that other cultures or nations
bring about can be beneficial. For instance, the ability to understand the complexity of
cuisines has been linked to higher empathy among people, which can help them
become more tolerant and accepting towards other people. As a result, cultural
exchange, even through consumerism, can be a massive benefit regarding the
observed development.

185. [08/2024] In numerous nations, there is a growing trend for individuals to

frequently discuss financial matters, such as their earnings or expenditures, in
everyday conversation.
What are the reasons behind this phenomenon?
Is it advantageous or detrimental?

In a myriad of countries and cultures around the world, discussing financial matters,
including the level of income or spending, has become a prevalent topic in modern
conversations. In this essay, I would evaluate the main causes behind this prevalent
tendency before assessing its overall implications on society and each individual.

Cause/ reason -> driving force

One of the driving forces behind this trend is inevitably the rising popularity of social
media and the Internet. (CTA)
1/ In this day and age, as the use of social networking sites becomes a norm for many
individuals, sharing personal lives with detailed information about quality of life or living
conditions has become exceptionally/ unprecedentedly prevalent. As humans are
known for their competitive spirit, the exposure to others’ personal details may spark a
competition, which makes people want to share more about their conditions. Thus, in
today’s conversations, the topic of money has been more pervasive and popular,
causing unpredictable social alterations.
2/ Platforms, such as Facebook or Instagram, operate based on the ability to attract
people’s attention, drawing their usage time to areas of life-style showcasing that is
generally unattainable for the average person. -> Platforms, such as Facebook or
Instagram, showcase lifestyles that are generally unattainable by the average person,
sparking comparison and competition. -> Social media platforms operate on the ability
to attract users to novel topics, including lavish lifestyles and showcasing of personal
achievements.

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=> One of the driving forces behind this trend is inevitably the rising popularity of social
media and the Internet. In this day and age, the sharing and showcasing of personal
information, such as accomplishments, have become effortless thanks to the
prevalence of many social media platforms. In order to attract the attention of others,
people often demonstrate the best versions of themselves in the virtual world, making
others know of their achievements of financial superiority. As humans are scientifically
proven to be highly competitive, such actions would spark fierce competition among
them, causing them to share their personal financial gains and making this a
widespread tendency.

Although sharing about personal financial situations could provide solitary and
sympathy between people with financial struggles, the development is mostly negative
as it stems from unnecessary resentment and competition. As the virtual depiction of
most users on social media is incomplete and not realistic, it can make other users feel
disheartened about their conditions. For instance, multiple studies have indicated that
people who use social media platforms for more than 2 hours per day feel that their
financial conditions are not as good as their friends. Thus, it is important to understand
that this pattern is perilous, at least to the mental state of many Internet users.

In conclusion, the change in how our conversations become increasingly oriented

around financial matters has attracted a lot of social attention. This advent is caused by
the prevalence of social media, causing people to feel competitive and prompting them
to inform others about their financial status and accomplishments.

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186. Vietnamese society has changed significantly in the past decades. However,
many traditional values and practices have been lost, which is a pity. To what
extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?

Vietnamese society has undergone profound changes over the past few decades,
driven by economic growth, globalization, and technological advancements. While these
changes have brought numerous benefits, they have also led to the erosion of many
traditional values and practices, which is often seen as a pity. However, I disagree with
this school of thought as I believe that change is inevitable and that not all aspects of
tradition need to be maintained in a rapidly modernizing society.

It is essential to recognize that there were some outdated Vietnamese values that are
no longer necessary in today’s fast-paced world. In the past, the belief system was
pervasive in Vietnamese society, where boys were valued more highly than girls,
particularly in rural and traditional families. Women were often relegated to subordinate
roles, expected to prioritize domestic duties and child-rearing over personal ambitions or
career aspirations. This societal emphasis on male superiority not only limited women’s
opportunities but also reinforced a rigid social hierarchy that stifled progress.
Fortunately, as Vietnam has modernized, there has been a significant shift away from
these gender-biased values. Today, there is a growing recognition of gender equality
and the importance of empowering women to participate fully in all aspects of society.
This shift is evident in the increasing number of women pursuing higher education,
entering the workforce, and holding leadership positions in various sectors. This
progress reflects a broader commitment to human rights and social justice, aligning
Vietnam with global standards and promoting a culture of innovation and diversity.

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Critics might argue that the erosion of traditional values represents a loss of cultural
identity and community cohesion. They point to the trait of cultural preservation,
insisting that maintaining these values is important for the continuity of Vietnamese
culture. However, I would contend that not all traditions are inherently valuable, some
may reinforce outdated social norms or inhibit progress. For instance, certain
superstitions and outdated rituals in Vietnam, such as child marriage in remote areas or
excessive spending on lavish funeral ceremonies, have been increasingly criticized as
the country evolves. These practices often impose financial and social burdens on
families, and in some cases, violate human rights. Therefore, the abandonment of these
harmful traditions is not a loss but rather a necessary step toward a more progressive
and inclusive society.

In conclusion, the significant changes in Vietnamese society should not be viewed as a

loss but as a positive and necessary evolution.

187. [Đề lạ - Dễ sai - Zo zien] Some people believe that many young people do not
play sports because they are afraid of losing. Therefore, sports competitions
should be banned. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

[Because social media can connect us with other users around the world, it can expand
our social circles to a new level -> Because of the ability to connect us with other users
around the world, social media can expand our social circles to a new level-> The ability
to connect us with other users around the world of social media can expand our social
circles to a new level]

-> For fear of losing, many young people are believed to no longer have interest in
playing sports -> The fear of losing is believed to have caused many young people to no
longer have an interest in participating in sporting activities. Thus, some people propose
that a band should be established regarding the organization of sports competitions.

[Việc viết bài luôn đón nhận sự từ chối (rejection) từ người đọc - tức là người ta đọc với
tinh thần luôn bắt lỗi mình đầu tiên, sau đó, khi mà người ta có thể cảm thấy relate với
cảm xúc của người viết (cảm thấy căng thẳng hay cảm thấy tự nhiên ngay từ ban đầu) -
> luôn phải balance giữa cảm giác là mình rất là sợ cái việc người ta reject bài mình
NHƯNG mình phải tin rằng cái bài mình viết có giá trị. Nếu như cái nào lệch cán cân thì
đều dẫn tới cái bài dở hết. Ví dụ mình tin bài mình QUÁ hay thì viết lên toàn bài dở.
=> 1/ tin vào bài của mình
2/ sẵn sàng bị trừ điểm ]

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Playing sports has become less prevalent among young people due to the assumption
made by some that they are skeptical of becoming a loser. They escalate their views
even further and claim that sporting competitions should no longer be organized.
Personally, I totally/ partly agree/ disagree with this suggestion based on some reasons
that are elucidated in this essay.

CTA - characteristic - trait association: chứng minh hành vi.

[ lỗi: because competition can evoke a feeling of aggression among participants, it can
cause a hatred and unnecessary conflicts to arise. Also, sports competitions are
expensive and often only reward the winers, which further explains why we should not
allow sporting competitions to be organized in the future -> về mặt đối tượng đã đạt
chưa - chính xác với đề chưa?=> mình viết này là cho tất cả đối tượng- tức là không
phải là young people ]

Người trẻ có đặc điểm gì, mà nếu quá nhiều yếu tố competitiveness có thể khiến cho
tác hại nhiều hơn lợi ích.

1) Lạc đề/ yếu đề mức độ nhẹ: Young people are known to be emotionally
responsive to events happening around them. When they participate in sports,
there would always be a feeling of hatred and aggression coming from the fact
that people must compete against each other to find the only winner. Thus,
allowing sports competitions could lead to unnecessary conflicts between people,
justifying the arguments that we should ban them altogether. -> Chưa nói về
“afraid of losing”
2) Lái lại: As young people are heavily affected by peer comparisons, their fear of
losing in competitions has heightened significantly as each loss would be known
by many individuals. As a result, sports competitions gradually receive lower
levels of participation from the general public, conflicting with the meaning of
granting universal benefits for all citizens. As organizing such competitions are
expensive in nature, and they do not have a benefit that was as prominent as in
the past, banning them altogether is a justifiable argument.
[Young people, who are often attuned to peer comparisons, are skeptical of
engaging in sports that have a competition element as their losses would be
known by many among their social circles. However, the pressure stemming from
the conventional norms that all young people should be active in playing sports is
still present, causing unnecessary mental burden that may lead to unwanted
psychological effects among this group of population. Thus, allowing a band to
be established among sports that have an excessive emphasis on losing and
winning could be justifiable to an extent.]
Nỗi sợ - excitement - sự phấn khích
On the other hand, the fear of losing would not justìy a complete ban on sporting
competitions due to the benefit it can offer to young people. As these individuals lack
real-life experiences that can help them comprehend adversities, sports provide a
simulation from what could be happening in the future. By losing and understanding the

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value of winning, young people can pursue a journey of self-growth, helping them
become more competent and increase the chance of becoming successful in the future.

On the other hand, the fear of losing would not justìy a complete ban on sporting
competitions due to the benefit it can offer to young people. It is true that young people
often feel heavy about losing as they lack real-life experiences that can help them
understand hardships and adversities are inevitable. When they engage in sports
competitions, they can comprehend the feeling of losing and what it takes to become
the winner. These valuable lessons help them overcome a weakness that is prevalent
among young people, increasing their chance of becoming successful in the future.

In conclusion, although the psychological fear of sports is an integral part of these

activities, young people should be encouraged to participate rather than relying on a
suggested band on sports. By playing sports, young people can understand the arduous
process leading to success, which helps them become more competent and fuel their
self-growth.

188. In the past, lectures were the traditional method of teaching a large number
of students in a classroom. Nowadays new technology is increasingly being used
to teach students.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of this new approach in teaching?

In recent years, education has been transformed by technological advancements,

replacing traditional lecture-based teaching with digital tools. This shift brings both
advantages and disadvantages, which will be discussed in this essay.

One of the key merits of modern learning methods is the shift towards personalized
learning and increased student engagement. In the past, the teacher was the central
figure, delivering content to large groups with little opportunity for individual interaction
or tailored instruction. Students were often passive recipients of information, with limited
ability to engage directly with the material or influence the pace of the lesson. This one-
size-fits-all approach frequently overlooked individual learning needs, leaving some
students behind while others felt unchallenged. However, the introduction of technology
into education has transformed this dynamic. Tools such as interactive smartboards,
and online platforms now allow for a more active and personalized learning experience.
These technologies enable students to interact with educational content in real time,
whether through quizzes, discussions, fostering deeper engagement and
understanding. Additionally, adaptive learning systems can adjust the difficulty and pace
of lessons based on a student’s performance, ensuring that learners receive the support

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they need while allowing others to progress faster, which leads to improved outcomes
and greater satisfaction with the learning process.

Despite these advantages, the increasing reliance on technology in education also

comes with potential disadvantages, particularly concerning inequality and distractions.
A significant issue is the digital divide, which refers to the gap between students who
have access to technology and those who do not. In today's increasingly digital learning
environments, students from underprivileged backgrounds may lack essential devices
such as laptops or iphones, or they may not have reliable internet connections at home.
This creates a disparity in educational opportunities, as students without access to
these resources are unable to fully participate in online classes, complete digital
assignments, or benefit from the wealth of information available on the internet. While
many schools attempt to provide access to devices or set up community Wi-Fi hotspots,
these measures often fall short of addressing the broader inequalities, particularly in
rural or low-income areas where such initiatives may be limited. As a result, students
from disadvantaged backgrounds can be left behind, widening the educational gap
rather than closing it. Moreover, technology can be a source of distraction. With the
abundance of non-educational websites, games, and social media, students can easily
lose focus during study sessions. This constant multitasking not only affects
comprehension but also undermines students’ ability to retain information and
concentrate on tasks. Teachers, who once only had to manage in-class distractions,
now face the added challenge of keeping students engaged in a virtual environment
where distractions are just a click away.
In conclusion, the shift from traditional lectures to technology-driven learning methods
has reshaped the educational landscape. While technology offers undeniable benefits,
such as personalized learning and increased engagement, it also presents challenges,
including distractions and inequality.

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189. Some people think the qualities a person needs to become successful in
today's world cannot be learned at a university or similar academic institutions.

What is your opinion?

While universities and academic institutions provide valuable knowledge and skills,
many people argue that the essential qualities for success are not necessarily taught
within these formal settings. I believe that while universities play a crucial role in
developing intellectual abilities, the qualities needed for real-world success often extend
beyond what can be learned in a classroom.

It is an undeniable fact that universities excel at providing technical knowledge and

fostering critical thinking. In some fields like medicine, engineering, and mathematics, a
formal education is indispensable for mastering foundational concepts and gaining
professional credentials, ensuring that students develop research skills and the ability to
analyze complex problems through established theories and methodologies. However, it
has to be acknowledged that what universities often lack is the emphasis on
adaptability-the ability to adjust to rapidly changing environments. For instance, in
Vietnam, a recent engineering graduate might be skilled in solving theoretical problems
but struggle when faced with managing rapid technological advancements in AI or

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adjusting to shifts in market demand, all of which are rarely taught in many universities
because old educators in these institutions tend to cling rigidly to old-fashioned learning
methods. Similarly, a law graduate might excel in legal theory but find themselves
unprepared when they have to face a practical criminal case.

Emotional intelligence is another quality contributing to one's success but is overlooked

in many academic institutions. While universities may offer courses in leadership or
communication, these lessons are often theoretical as evidenced that no lecture can
adequately prepare a manager for the challenge of mediating a heated disagreement
between colleagues or understanding how to motivate a struggling team member during
a high-pressure project. These situations require empathy, emotional regulation, and
conflict resolution that can only be learned through real-life experience. Emotional
intelligence, at its core, is a deeply personal skill shaped by the unique emotional
experiences of each individual. This individual nature is what makes teaching emotional
intelligence in universities largely ineffective. Unlike technical knowledge, which can be
conveyed to large groups in a one-size-fits-all way, human feelings are scientifically tied
to personal reflection, growth, and emotional encounters, all of which differ vastly from
person to person. This means that emotions are highly subjective, and each individual
processes them in unique ways that cannot be generalized or addressed in a collective
environment as many universities today do.

In conclusion, while universities are excellent at providing foundational knowledge and

structured learning, they often fall short in fostering the qualities needed for success in
today’s fast-paced changing world such as adaptability and emotional intelligence.
Thus, I believe that success today requires a combination of both academic knowledge
and the skills learned outside of formal institutions, where real-life challenges become
the ultimate teachers.

OVERALL 9
Task Response 9.0
This essay provides a well-developed and insightful response to the prompt. It
effectively explores the limitations of university education in fostering certain qualities
needed for success, while acknowledging its value in providing foundational knowledge.
The essay is well-structured and supported with relevant examples.
Coherence & Cohesion 9.0
The essay flows seamlessly, with clear transitions between paragraphs and ideas. The
arguments are logically presented and well-connected, making the message easy to
follow.
Lexical Resource 8.5

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The essay demonstrates a wide range of vocabulary, used accurately and

appropriately. The language is sophisticated and natural, with a good balance of formal
and informal expressions.
Grammatical Range & Accuracy 9.0
The essay displays a wide range of grammatical structures, used with precision and
control. The grammar and punctuation are consistently accurate, contributing to the
clarity and fluency of the writing.

190. Some people think that employers should not care about the way their
employees dress, because what matters is the quality of their work.

To what extent do you agree or disagree?

1. Some people are of the opinion that employees should be allowed to dress the way
they want, and employers should focus solely on the quality of their work rather than
their attire. Personally, I partly/ totally agree/ disagree with this suggestion based on
some reasons that are explained in this essay.

2. Some individuals think that the attire chosen by employees should not be a focus of
employers due to the outsize role of productivity and the quality of work. In this essay, I
would evaluate the rationales leading to my total/ partial agreement with this way of
thinking.

3. Some individuals suggest that the emphasis of employers should be on the quality of
work that is produced by workers rather than the attire that they choose. I express a
partial/ total level of endorsement towards this particular way of thinking based on some
reasons that are elucidated in this essay.

Research liên quan đến topic trên:

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1) Employee productivity/ comfort - được chứng minh là có liên quan đến

việc họ dress comfortably.
2) Perception of professionalism (client-facing role)
3) Company culture and inclusivity
4) Impact of creativity - freedom to dress can increase creativity during
working.
1. Đọc lên sẽ vô duyên: On the one hand, allowing employees to have the freedom to
dress the way they want could bring about tangible benefits for both these individuals
and the companies as a whole. Based on recent research, attire has a huge impact on
creativity, and workers who are allowed to wear what they want tend to be more
creative.
Context 1: In this day and age, the ability to work uniformly becomes more important
due to the industrialisation that demands a high level of precision and accuracy.
Context 2: In this day and age, the ability to work creatively has become more important
as repetitive works can be done by machines, and creativity becomes an important
competitive edge that companies highly value.
-> Nowadays, the ability to work creatively has become more valued in multiple
businesses as repetitive work has already been done primarily by machines. Based on
recent research, when workers are given the permission to dress the way they want,
their creativity soars exponentially, helping them come up with novel ideas that can be
employed by their companies to create new products or services.
2. Đọc lên lại vô duyên tiếp: On the one hand, allowing employees to have the freedom
to dress the way they want could bring about tangible benefits for both these individuals
and the companies as a whole. When employees dress the way they want, they can
work more comfortably, helping them become more productive.
Context 1 : Uniforms are very comfortable to wear because they highly value the
companies, which can generate a sense of community and lead to better connections.
Context 2: Uniforms often have a lack of flexibility and adaptability, meaning that they
are not comfortable to wear for people with distinctive body shapes and unique physical
attributes.

Uniforms are often designed for the majority, meaning that they lack the flexibility that
can accommodate people with unique physical features and attributes. When employers
force everyone to dress in a similar way, many would feel psychologically prohibited,
plunging their morale level. Fortunately, research has pointed out that dressing the way
people want could help them feel more mentally comfortable, elevating their productivity
and benefiting the companies.

On the one hand, there are some reasons that explain why allowing workers to dress
what they want can be highly beneficial. Nowadays, many professional tasks that
require repetitive work can be done by machines, and workers are often more valuable
if they can work creatively. Fortunately, research has proven that when employees are
given the right to dress the way they want, they can raise creative ideas and innovate
solutions more often. Eventually, they will contribute more to their firms, which benefits
all stakeholders and create unique competitive edges that help their companies flourish.

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1. On the other hand, it is important to emphasize a dress code when companies have a
lot of client-facing roles. It is proven that the perception of professionalism is affected by
the way a person dresses. When a worker needs to persuade a client, even a minor
boost in positive perception can be hugely beneficial. For instance, if a lawyer dresses
inappropriately, it would be challenging for them to gain trust with their clients, which
eventually damages the productivity of their partnerships.

2. On the other hand, it is important to emphasize a dress code when companies have a
lot of client-facing roles. It is true that whether a person feels that a worker is
professional is affected by the way the worker dresses. In important meetings, this
factor is crucial as a worker and their clients must gain trust to ensure the best
outcomes of their partnerships. For instance, if a lawyer fails to dress appropriately and
make themselves look trustworthy, their customers may not trust them and give them
inaccurate information.

In conclusion, although there are mixed opinions on determining whether the focus of
employers should be on the productivity and quality of work or the attire chosen by their
employees, I believe that striking a balance between all aspects is the optimal
approach. While dressing comfortably can boost morale and creativity, the chosen outfit
must ensure that it represents a spirit of professionalism that is pivotal in client-facing
roles.

191. Some people think history has nothing or little to tell us, but others think that
studying the past history can help us better understand the present.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.
I.Outline [Đề khó]
- Because history teaches us about the reasons behind many social movements and
revolutions, it can offer insightful lessons about how we can regulate our current society
and aim for the best outcomes. -> Because of the ability to teach us about the reasons
behind many social movements and revolutions, history can offer insightful lessons
about how we can regulate our current society and aim for the best outcomes.-> The
ability of history to teach us about the reasons behind many social movements and
revolutions can offer insightful lessons about how we can regulate our current society
and aim for the best outcomes.
[Because my house has been recently renovated, it looks pretty now.-> Because of the
recent renovation, my house looks pretty now. -> The recent renovation is behind the
aesthetically pleasing appearance of my house now.]
+Because history is the accumulation of past knowledge, it can offer unique insights into
the cultural value of an entire generation.-> History, the accumulation of past
knowledge, can offer unique insights into the cultural value of an entire generation.

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Opening: Some individuals are of the belief that the ability to educate us of history is
highly limited, while others suggest that helping us unveil the social secrets of
generations and people is the main strength of learning history. Although both schools
of thought hold merit, I agree more with the former/ latter perspective.
Body:
[Thảm họa] On the other hand, it is understandable that some people believe that
history can offer little value for modern individuals. Because history is about past
events, it is not relevant to modern people because modern people are living in the
present. As a result, we should not waste any time learning about history, so that we
can focus more on living in the present.
On the one hand, it is understandable that some people believe that history can offer
little value for modern individuals. [Thế giới hiện tại đã có công nghệ] One distinctive
difference between our recent era and many past generations is the emergence of
technology and how it transforms all aspects of our lives. Due to technological
advancements, many past events and historical situations would never have the chance
to repeat in this day and age as people’s behaviors have been altered drastically. As a
result, learning about the past would not offer meaningful insights that guide our
behaviors.
[Cần học lịch sử vì nó cho ta kiến thức về lịch sử] 😀:
On the one hand, there are some reasons that explain why learning about history is
highly important and should not be ignored. Learning about history could offer
information about historical lessons, which include past conflicts or political movements.
As a result, learning about history is very important.
Lịch sử - Con người thường có xu hướng cư xử giống nhau ở mọi thời điểm (proven by
scientists)
-> Cho chúng ta biết về diễn biến của xã hội, có những cách phòng tránh adversities
trong tương lai.
- Dễ: On the other hand, there are some reasons that explain why learning about history
is highly important and should not be ignored. It has been scientifically proven that
people’s behaviors are transcendental regardless of time, meaning that people tend to
display a predictable set of manners, behaviors, and decisions. By learning about
historical events, we can acquire insightful information about the formation of the current
society, understanding why some conditions are given at the time of our birth while
providing the ability to predict events that are happening in the future. Such an ability is
vital for people to adapt and thrive in this day and age, when our society changes
rapidly.
- Dễ hơn: On the one hand, there are some reasons that explain why learning about
history is highly important and should not be ignored. People’s behaviors are a set of
repeated sequences, which means that past individuals can still demonstrate behaviors
that modern people find relevant. By acquiring in-depth knowledge about historical
events, people can understand the roots of many social movements, which involves
knowledge about solving conflicts, negotiating between people
Kết bài: In conclusion, although there are mixed opinions about determining the role of
history in our current society, I believe that learning about historical events still offers
unique value that should not be underestimated. The reason is that people’s behaviors

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are shaped by the accumulation of multiple historical changes that could be predicted if
learners put enough effort into learning. Thus, history as a subject and as a field of
science should still hold its critical role in this day and age.
II.Bài hoàn chỉnh.
Some people are of the belief that history possesses limited educational value, while
others contend that an examination of the past can enlighten our understanding of the
present. Although both perspectives present valid arguments, I align more closely with
the latter view.
On the one hand, it is reasonable for some to assert that history may hold minimal
relevance for contemporary individuals. A notable distinction between the present and
previous eras lies in the advent of technology, which has fundamentally altered various
dimensions of human life. Technological innovations have rendered many historical
occurrences and societal dynamics less likely to recur in our modern environment, given
the substantial changes in human behavior. Consequently, the argument suggests that
insights derived from historical study might not furnish practical guidance for
contemporary decision-making.
On the other hand, proponents of studying history argue that it plays an indispensable
role in comprehending contemporary society. Empirical research supports the notion
that human behavior exhibits a degree of constancy that transcends time, meaning that
individuals tend to showcase a recurrent set of behaviors, choices, and modalities. By
delving into historical events, we can glean profound insights into the evolution of our
current socio-cultural landscape, thereby elucidating the circumstances surrounding our
birth and the context of our modern existence. Moreover, this understanding equips us
with the analytical tools necessary to forecast potential future developments. Such
foresight is particularly crucial in an era characterized by rapid societal transformations,
enabling individuals to adapt effectively.
In conclusion, while there are mixed opinions regarding the relevance of history in
today’s society, I maintain that the study of historical events retains significant value that
ought not to be undervalued. This conviction is grounded in the understanding that
human behavior is intricately shaped by a cumulative array of historical shifts, which can
be anticipated through dedicated learning. Therefore, history, as both an academic
discipline and a scientific field, should continue to occupy a pivotal role in our
contemporary landscape.

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192. Some people believe that young people should adhere to societal traditions,
while others argue that youth should have the freedom to express themselves as
individuals. Discuss both perspectives and give your opinion.

Some individuals are of the opinion that following the traditional standards of our society
should be done by young individuals -> Some individuals claim that the traditional
standards of our society should be respected and followed by young people. In contrast,
others think that granting the youth the freedom to freely express themselves would be
a more beneficial approach. Although both schools of thought hold merit, I agree more
with the latter perspective [due to some reasons that are explained in this essay].

1. Tại sao người trẻ phải tuân theo các quy tắc xã hội.
Viết yếu: On the one hand, there are some reasons that explain why societal standards
should be respected by young individuals. As these standards are the accumulation of
past generations’ knowledge, they can help people who follow them to progress better
in their lives. For example, understanding the role of education and trying to excel at

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school could help people become successful and experience a higher quality of life.
This is why young people should follow the conventional rules of their society. -> Bị sai
đối tượng: chúng ta cần phải chứng minh “người trẻ”.
Rewrite: 1/ On the one hand, there are some reasons that explain why societal
standards should be respected by young individuals. Young people are generally
inexperienced in many aspects of their lives as their problems are often handled by their
parents. As societal standards are the accumulation of past generations’ knowledge,
they can offer insights for young people to succeed in their lives. For example,
understanding the importance of higher education is a tradition in many nations, and if
young people can stick up to that belief, they can achieve academic competency and
become more competitive in their future careers.
2/ On the one hand, there are some reasons that explain why societal standards should
be respected by young individuals. Societal traditions are the accumulation of past
generations’ knowledge about many aspects of life, such as polite clothing and attitude.
As young people are often inexperienced in such aspects, without knowing societal
norms and adhering to them, they could be inappropriate in many social situations,
which prohibits their chances of becoming successful. For instance, wearing formal
clothes on special occasions can help young people gain a positive impression from
others, elevating their images and helping them acquire beneficial connections with
others.
3/ On the one hand, there are some reasons that explain why societal standards should
be respected by young individuals. Societal traditions are a set of rules that bound
people across different backgrounds and ages together, helping with the creation of an
interconnected society. Young people, unfortunately, often lack the awareness of such
an aspect, which may affect their mental health in a detrimental manner. If they can
follow the traditions of society by respecting special occasions and putting aside time for
social gatherings with their loved ones, such a problem would not occur, benefiting
young people in many ways.

2. Tại sao người trẻ cần có freedom.

Others, on the other hand, believe that young people should be entitled to the freedom
to express themselves. In this day and age, as our society becomes more
technologically advanced, the role of innovation has become more emphasized as it
allows a nation to break through and become more developed. Allowing young people
to express themselves freely, fortunately, could help them become more creative and
innovative, which eventually translates into more technological innovations for their
countries.

In conclusion, although there are mixed opinions on determining whether or not young
people should have the freedom to express themselves, I believe that having a degree
of respect for conventional standards and norms is still of paramount importance. The
reason is that societal traditions can help guide young people towards having a larger
chance of becoming successful, while being themselves could enrich creativity and
eventually benefit their nations.

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193. STEM education is one of the latest ideas in the educational sphere. What
are the advantages and disadvantages of STEM education?

STEM education, which focuses on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics,

has gained prominence as a critical approach to preparing students for the challenges
of the modern world. However, there are both advantages and disadvantages to this
educational model. This essay will explore the benefits and potential drawbacks of
STEM education.

STEM education offers several key advantages, particularly in preparing students for
the future job market. As the world becomes more reliant on technology and innovation,
industries like information technology, engineering, healthcare, and renewable energy
are experiencing rapid growth. STEM education equips students with the necessary
skills to thrive in these sectors, helping to bridge the skills gap in STEM-related fields.
Another significant advantage is that STEM education encourages critical thinking,

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creativity, and innovation. The interdisciplinary nature of STEM allows students to

approach problems from multiple angles, promoting collaboration and hands-on
learning. By engaging in real-world applications of science and technology, students are
better prepared to solve complex problems and contribute to technological
advancements that benefit society as a whole.

Despite its benefits, there are potential drawbacks to an overemphasis on STEM

education. One concern is the marginalization of non-STEM subjects, such as the arts,
literature, and social sciences. These subjects play a crucial role in developing well-
rounded individuals, fostering emotional intelligence, communication skills, and ethical
reasoning. If schools prioritize STEM at the expense of other disciplines, students may
miss out on opportunities to develop these vital skills, leading to a narrow focus on
technical knowledge without a broader understanding of human experiences and social
contexts. Additionally, the sole implementation of STEM education can be expensive
and resource-intensive. Many schools, particularly in underfunded areas, may lack the
necessary resources, such as updated technology, lab equipment, or trained educators,
to effectively deliver STEM curricula. This can exacerbate educational inequality, with
wealthier schools being better equipped to offer high-quality STEM programs, while
students in less affluent regions are left behind.

In conclusion, STEM education offers clear advantages in preparing students for the
demands of a rapidly evolving, technology-driven world. It fosters critical thinking,
creativity, and problem-solving skills, making students more competitive in the global job
market. However, it is essential to balance STEM education with a focus on the
humanities and social sciences to ensure that students develop into well-rounded
individuals.

194. “It is inevitable that as technology develops so traditional cultures must be

lost. Technology and tradition are incompatible - you cannot have both together.”

To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?

The rapid advancement of technology has raised concerns about its impact on
traditional cultures. Some argue that as technology develops, traditional cultures
inevitably decline, as they are incompatible with modern innovations. However, I note
that this viewpoint overlooks the adaptability of tradition and its capacity to coexist with
technological progress. This essay will argue that while some aspects of traditional
cultures may evolve due to technological influences, both can coexist and even
enhance each other.

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One key argument against the idea that technology and tradition are incompatible is that
technological advancements can actually help preserve and promote traditional
cultures. The internet and digital platforms have made it possible to document, archive,
and share cultural practices, languages, and artifacts that might otherwise be lost. For
example, indigenous groups in various parts of the world have used social media and
digital tools to raise awareness about their traditions, reaching a global audience that
would have been inaccessible without technology. Additionally, technologies such as
virtual reality and 3D scanning allow for the preservation of cultural sites and historical
artifacts, ensuring that future generations can access these aspects of their heritage.

Furthermore, tradition is not a static concept. Throughout history, cultures have evolved
and adapted to new circumstances, including technological changes. For example,
traditional music, clothing, and crafts have been reinterpreted in modern forms,
integrating new materials and techniques made possible by technological
advancements. Far from being incompatible, technology can serve as a tool for the
evolution of culture, allowing traditions to remain relevant in the contemporary world. A
clear example is the integration of traditional craftsmanship with modern design in
fashion or architecture, which demonstrates that innovation can coexist with cultural
heritage.

However, it is important to acknowledge that certain aspects of traditional culture may

be at risk in highly globalized and technology-driven societies. The rise of mass media
and global entertainment, for instance, can sometimes overshadow local customs,
leading to the homogenization of cultures. Younger generations, in particular, may be
more drawn to globalized, technology-driven cultures, potentially weakening their
connection to traditional practices. Despite this risk, it does not imply that tradition and
technology are inherently incompatible; rather, it highlights the need for a balanced
approach in which technology supports rather than replaces cultural identity.

In conclusion, while technology undoubtedly influences traditional cultures, the idea that
they are incompatible is an oversimplification. Technology can, in fact, be a powerful
tool for preserving and revitalizing traditions, allowing them to evolve and remain
relevant. Though there are risks of cultural erosion due to technological dominance, it is
possible to find a harmonious balance where both technology and tradition coexist.
Therefore, I disagree with the notion that the development of technology necessitates
the loss of traditional cultures. Instead, careful integration and mutual reinforcement
between the two can lead to a richer and more diverse global culture.

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193. "Students learn just because of good marks." Do you agree or disagree with
that statement?

The idea that students learn solely for the sake of achieving good marks is a common
perception, especially in systems where standardized testing and grades are heavily
emphasized. I disagree with the statement that students learn just for good marks, as
true learning involves a complex interplay of intrinsic and extrinsic motivations.

Grades undeniably serve as a form of extrinsic motivation for students. In most

educational systems, marks are often tied to important outcomes, such as progression
to higher levels of education, scholarships, and future career opportunities. As a result,

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many students focus on achieving good grades as a means to secure these rewards or
to avoid negative consequences, such as failure or disappointment from peers and
family members. In this sense, it can be argued that some students may primarily focus
on learning to get good marks, particularly in competitive environments where grades
carry significant weight. However, this does not account for all forms of learning, nor
does it suggest that grades are the only motivating factor.

On the other hand, many students are motivated by more than just grades. Intrinsic
motivation, or the drive to learn for personal satisfaction, plays a key role in academic
development. Students often become deeply engaged with subjects they are passionate
about, driven by curiosity and the desire to understand concepts at a deeper level. For
example, a student who loves science may be motivated to conduct experiments or
explore new topics beyond the curriculum, not because of grades but because of
genuine interest. This suggests that the learning process can be meaningful and
fulfilling in its own right, independent of external rewards like marks.

Furthermore, an overemphasis on grades can have negative consequences for the

learning experience. When students are driven solely by the desire to achieve high
marks, they may resort to rote memorization or strategic learning techniques that
prioritize short-term success over long-term understanding. This approach can
undermine creativity, critical thinking, and intellectual curiosity. In some cases, students
may even become anxious or discouraged when they fail to meet grade expectations,
which can negatively impact their overall engagement with learning. Therefore, while
marks may encourage some students to perform well, focusing exclusively on grades
can diminish the quality of learning.

In conclusion, while grades can be a powerful motivator, learning is not solely driven by
the pursuit of good marks. Many students are motivated by curiosity, passion, and the
desire for personal development, which can lead to deeper and more meaningful
engagement with their studies. Moreover, an excessive focus on marks can hinder
genuine learning by encouraging superficial approaches to education.

194. Is praising others, even if the praise is excessive or undeserved, a necessary

part of life? Give your opinion.

Praising others is a common social practice, often seen as a way to build rapport, boost
morale, and foster positive relationships. While offering genuine praise can be
motivating and reinforcing, excessive or unwarranted praise can lead to false
expectations, hinder personal growth, and reduce the value of meaningful recognition.
This essay will argue that while praise is important, it should be genuine and measured,
as excessive or undeserved praise can have negative consequences.

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Genuine praise plays a significant role in boosting confidence and reinforcing positive
behavior. When people are recognized for their genuine efforts or accomplishments, it
encourages them to continue striving for success and improvement. In educational and
workplace settings, constructive praise is vital for motivation, helping individuals feel
valued and appreciated. It fosters a positive environment where people feel supported
in their efforts. Furthermore, sincere praise can strengthen social bonds, build trust, and
foster a sense of belonging in relationships, making it an important aspect of personal
and professional life.

On the other hand, excessive or undeserved praise can lead to negative consequences.
When individuals are praised without merit, they may develop a false sense of their
abilities, which can result in complacency or entitlement. For example, constantly
praising a student for mediocre work may prevent them from striving to improve, as they
come to believe that minimal effort is sufficient. This can hinder personal growth and
reduce their motivation to push their limits. Moreover, when praise is given too
frequently or without justification, it can lose its impact, diminishing the value of
recognition for actual achievements.

Excessive praise can also create unrealistic expectations, both for the person receiving
the praise and for those around them. If someone is frequently praised regardless of
their performance, they may struggle to handle constructive criticism or setbacks, as
they are accustomed to constant approval. Additionally, those who observe undeserved
praise may feel demotivated or frustrated, as they perceive the praise to be unfair or
insincere.

In conclusion, while praise is a necessary part of life, it should be genuine and

proportionate to the achievements being recognized. Excessive or undeserved praise
can lead to complacency, unrealistic expectations, and diminished value of recognition.
Therefore, I believe that while offering praise is important, it must be balanced with
constructive feedback to encourage continuous growth and development.

195. Nowadays, cyber-classrooms or e-classrooms are becoming increasingly

popular. Many people think it is a waste of time as students should get more
exposure to the outside world instead of sitting home and attending the cyber-
classes. What's your viewpoint on this matter?

The rise of technology has transformed the educational landscape, with cyber-
classrooms or e-classrooms gaining increasing popularity. While some argue that online
education is an efficient way to learn, others believe it limits students' exposure to real-
world experiences, as they spend more time at home instead of interacting with their

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environment. This essay will argue that while e-classrooms provide significant benefits
in terms of flexibility and accessibility, they should be complemented by practical, real-
world experiences to ensure holistic development.

E-classrooms offer numerous advantages, particularly in terms of flexibility and

accessibility. Online education allows students to learn at their own pace, which can be
especially beneficial for those who need more time to grasp concepts or have other
commitments, such as part-time work or family responsibilities. Furthermore, e-
classrooms provide access to a wide range of educational resources from around the
world, enabling students to learn from experts regardless of geographical location. For
example, a student in a rural area can attend a lecture from a professor at a prestigious
university, which would be impossible without the internet. This democratization of
education allows students from diverse backgrounds to gain knowledge and skills that
might otherwise be out of reach.

However, while e-classrooms offer considerable benefits, they cannot fully replace the
value of real-world experiences and physical interaction. One major limitation of cyber-
classrooms is the lack of face-to-face communication, which plays a crucial role in
developing social skills. Students in traditional classrooms learn how to work in teams,
collaborate on projects, and engage in discussions—all essential skills for future
careers. E-classrooms, by contrast, may limit students’ opportunities for building these
interpersonal skills, especially if there is minimal interaction with peers and teachers.

Moreover, real-world exposure is critical for certain types of learning. Practical subjects
such as science, engineering, or art often require hands-on experiences, fieldwork, or
laboratory experiments that cannot be fully replicated in a virtual setting. Similarly,
physical education and outdoor activities are essential for maintaining a healthy lifestyle
and developing teamwork, leadership, and problem-solving abilities. In this sense,
solely relying on cyber-classrooms could result in a narrow, less-rounded educational
experience.

In conclusion, while cyber-classrooms offer many benefits in terms of flexibility,

accessibility, and personalized learning, they cannot fully replace the importance of real-
world exposure and physical interaction. A balanced approach that combines the
convenience of online education with practical, hands-on experiences is essential for
the holistic development of students. Therefore, I believe that e-classrooms should
complement, rather than replace, traditional learning environments to provide a well-
rounded education that fosters both intellectual growth and social skills.

196. Extracurricular activities have become more and more popular at school.
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of extracurricular activities and state
opinion.

Extracurricular activities, including sports, music, drama, and academic clubs, have
gained increasing popularity in schools. These activities provide students with
opportunities to develop skills beyond the traditional academic curriculum. While

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extracurricular activities offer numerous advantages, such as fostering personal growth

and teamwork, they also present potential drawbacks, including time management
challenges and academic distractions. This essay will discuss the advantages and
disadvantages of extracurricular activities, concluding with the opinion that their benefits
significantly outweigh the drawbacks when managed effectively.

Extracurricular activities offer a range of advantages that enhance students' overall

development. First, they help cultivate important life skills, such as leadership,
communication, and teamwork. For instance, participation in team sports encourages
students to work collaboratively towards a common goal, developing both discipline and
a sense of responsibility. These skills are essential not only for academic success but
also for future professional environments. Second , extracurricular activities allow
students to explore their interests and talents, often leading to the discovery of passions
that may influence future career choices. Activities like music or drama can foster
creativity, while clubs focused on subjects such as science or debate may ignite
intellectual curiosity. By providing students with a well-rounded experience, these
activities contribute to their emotional, social, and intellectual development.

Despite the benefits, extracurricular activities also come with certain disadvantages,
particularly when it comes to balancing time and academic responsibilities. One of the
main challenges students face is time management. With limited hours in the day,
juggling academic commitments, extracurriculars, and personal time can lead to stress
and burnout. Overcommitted students may find themselves struggling to keep up with
homework, leading to declining academic performance. In some cases, students may
prioritize extracurricular activities over academics, becoming more invested in their non-
academic pursuits. While this can lead to success in specific fields, it can also result in
neglecting core subjects, ultimately affecting their overall educational progress.

In conclusion, while extracurricular activities have their disadvantages, such as time

management challenges and academic distractions, the advantages far outweigh these
concerns. Extracurricular activities provide students with opportunities to develop
essential life skills, discover their passions, and maintain a balanced lifestyle that
promotes mental and physical well-being. However, the key to maximizing the benefits
of extracurricular activities lies in maintaining a healthy balance between these pursuits
and academic responsibilities. When managed effectively, extracurricular activities play
a crucial role in a well-rounded education, fostering both personal growth and academic
success.

197. [Đề Hà Đông] These days, more and more people are turning to cosmetic
surgery to enhance their outward appearances. Some people think this trend will
have positive influence while others believe that it may result in the loss of true
beauty’s value, thereby worth being forbidden.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
[Đề có lỗi không? Đáng lẽ nên hỏi: Discuss both views and give your opinion]

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In recent years, the popularity of cosmetic surgery has surged, with a growing number
of people seeking to enhance their physical appearance. While some view this trend as
a positive development, boosting self-confidence and helping individuals achieve their
desired look, others argue that it diminishes the value of natural effects. I believe that
despite the advantages cosmetic surgery can offer, its increasing prevalence raises
concerns about societal beauty standards and the potential erosion of mentality.
Ultimately, I will assess whether it should be banned or not

On the one hand, proponents of aesthetic surgery highlight the personal empowerment
it provides. For many individuals, altering features that cause insecurity can greatly
enhance their self-esteem and overall emotional well-being. This stems from the fact
that in today’s image-conscious society, where appearance plays a crucial role,
cosmetic procedures can help people feel more confident in social settings, improving
their interactions and mental health. Another key argument supporting facial
reconstruction is individual freedom. Advocates assert that people should have the right
to make decisions about their own bodies. If modifying their appearance brings them
satisfaction and happiness, they should be free to do so.

On the other hand, the rising acceptance of reconstructive surgery introduces several
concerns. One of the primary issues is the potential shift in societal beauty standards
toward artificial and unrealistic ideals. As cosmetic procedures become more
commonplace, society may place greater emphasis on physical perfection, resulting in a
diminished appreciation for natural beauty. This could pressure individuals to undergo
surgeries more often in order to conform to narrow definitions of attractiveness, leading
to a decline in the value placed on diversity and authenticity. To add further credence to
their assertion, critics of plastic surgery argue that an overemphasis on appearance
through this approach can have detrimental psychological effects. Some individuals
may develop an obsession with altering their looks or suffer from body image disorders,
driven by unattainable ideals. This pursuit of perfection, in turn, could result in emotional
distress and dissatisfaction, especially when surgical results fall short of expectations.

However, this is not to say that there should be a call for abolition of cosmetic surgery.
While concerns over societal pressure and distorted beauty standards are valid, outright
banning these procedures could infringe upon personal freedom and autonomy. People
have the right to make choices about their own bodies, and for many, cosmetic surgery
is a means of improving quality of life. Rather than imposing a blanket prohibition, a
more balanced approach would be to regulate the industry more strictly, ensuring that
individuals are well-informed about the risks involved and potential consequences of
surgery.

In conclusion, while enhancing one’s appearance through facial surgery or body

contouring can offer benefits such as increased self-confidence and medical
improvements, its growing prevalence presents challenges to societal values and
individual well-being. Nevertheless, prohibiting cosmetic surgery seems impractical as it

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infringes on people’s desire to improve themselves, instead, it would be better for the
government to implement stricter regulations on this sector.

198. Recently, many cases have been discovered that some people make use of
charitable donations after Typhoon Yagi to "advertise" and enhance their own
image while not actually contributing to the society, causing concerns about the

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virtual lifestyle and lack of responsibility of a part of young people in the activist
community.

What is your opinion? What can be done to solve this problem?

In the wake of Typhoon Yagi, a troubling trend has emerged in which some individuals
have used charitable donations for the purpose of helping those in need but to promote
their own image. This phenomenon has sparked widespread concern about the growing
prevalence of a "virtual lifestyle" and the lack of genuine responsibility among certain
young people in the activist community. In my opinion, this behavior reflects deeper
issues related to the pressure of online personas, and it is crucial to encourage young
people to adopt more genuine approaches to activism.

The rise of social media has created a platform where appearances often overshadow
reality, and this has become a serious issue, particularly in the case of Typhoon Yagi.
Many young people are more concerned with how they appear online than with the real
impact of their actions. Some individuals used the disaster as an opportunity to post
photos and videos of themselves "helping" but without actually contributing in any
meaningful way. I strongly believe that this kind of behavior reflects the damaging
influence of the "virtual lifestyle," where superficial image-building takes priority over
real responsibility and empathy. The need for public validation on social networks has
shifted the focus from genuine charitable efforts to a hollow display of activism, which
undermines the true spirit of helping those in need.

Young activists have the potential to drive meaningful social change, but they also bear
a responsibility to ensure their actions are rooted in authenticity. This means shifting
their focus away from seeking public recognition and instead prioritizing the real impact
of their efforts. Rather than being swayed by the allure of social media validation, young
people should aim to contribute in ways that truly address the needs of those they seek
to help, even if their actions remain unnoticed online. By fostering a culture that values
genuine contributions over public displays, we can encourage young people to engage
in activism that leaves a lasting, positive mark on society.

In conclusion, the trend of using charitable work for self-promotion, as seen in the
aftermath of Typhoon Yagi, highlights the challenges posed by the virtual lifestyle and
social media pressures. While some young people are caught up in this image-driven
culture, it is essential to encourage a shift towards more meaningful and responsible
forms of activism.

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199. [Family History] In many parts of the world, people do research on their family
history. Some people believe that finding out about previous generations is a useful
thing to do. However, others believe that it is better to focus on present and future
generations. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

The question of whether people should prioritize studying about former generations or
concentrating on present and future generations has ignited considerable debate. While
many people are of the belief that exploring previous generations is an important
activity, others contend that it is worth focusing on present and future generations. This
essay aims to delve into both perspectives extensively and provide my own opinion.

Of course, it has to be acknowledged that family history research is beneficial for

comprehending one’s origins and cultural identity. Since learning about earlier
generations, people will raise concern over ancestors’ traditions, practices, and morals
that have shaped the family’s legacy. In addition, it is suggested that by researching
their family history, people can strengthen their cultural identity and feel a sense of
connection within the society. The reason for this is that this can help to ensure the
important information and tales are preserved and that the experiences of our ancestors
do not fade over time. Chances are that this historical viewpoint can be enlightening and
enriching for those who are interested in studying more about their place in the world.

However, this is not to say that people should downplay the importance of the present
and future generations. By investing time in learning about the current and upcoming
generations, thus, enhance the chance of effectively combating the challenges and
opportunities of the contemporary world. What should be taken into consideration is that
by understanding and responding to the pressing issues of our time, such as
environmental degradation, and technological advancement, which was unprecedented
in the past, allows individuals to contribute to building a more equitable and resilient
future for all, waiting for generations to come. A prime example for this justification is
that through sustainable consumption habits, renewable energy initiatives, or
conservation efforts, every action taken today can have far-reaching implications for the
well-being of future generations and the health of the planet.

In conclusion, while studying about the past generations can bring some potential
advantages, focusing on the current and forthcoming generations should be prioritized
as a long-term investment with substantial benefits.

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200. [Children watching too much television - measures] Studies suggested that
nowadays children watch much more television than they did in the past and spend less
time on active and creative things. What are the reasons? And what measures should
be taken to encourage children to spend more time on active or creative things?

It has been observed that children nowadays gravitate toward= lean toward reactive
activities, such as watching television, and away from proactive pursuits. This essay will
discuss several factors contributing to this trend and propose measures to encourage
children to spend more time on active or creative endeavors.

There are several factors contributing to children spending more time watching
television. Given the abundance of entertaining shows, music, and animations on TV
that foster relaxation and immediate cognitive gratification, children are generally
captivated. The unfamiliarity of the objects and motions they encounter on television
evokes their interest and emotions, whether negative or positive, conditioning them
to watch more. Additionally, the closure of playgrounds in urban areas, such as recent
housing projects in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, forces children to resort to reactive
activities like watching television due to limited outdoor options.

However, there are measures, particularly parental interventions, to reverse this trend.
Initially, parents can assist their children in moderating television consumption by setting
a daily limit. By encouraging children to adhere to this limit consistently, they will
become less reliant on addictive content. Furthermore, even in the absence of
playgrounds, modern cities typically provide indoor activities and sports, which are also
considered proactive. This means that indoor facilities often incorporate modern
amenities and equipment, providing a safe and controlled environment for recreational
pursuits. From state-of-the-art gymnasiums equipped with cardio and strength-training
machines to indoor swimming pools and climbing walls, these facilities offer
opportunities for diverse forms of exercise and leisure activities.
In conclusion, while addressing this trend may pose challenges, concerted efforts
among government authorities, corporations, and parents can certainly make a huge
difference in children's lifestyles, promoting more active and creative pursuits.

20 PM 04/05/2024

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201. [Food Waste] Every day, millions of tons of food are wasted all over the world.
Why do you think this is happening? And how can we solve this problem?

Food wastage has emerged as a significant global concern, with millions of tons being
discarded daily. This essay aims to examine several factors contributing to this issue
and propose potential solutions.

There are a number of reasons why a large amount of food is wasted every day. It is
important to recognize that the perishable nature of most fresh foods, such as meat and
vegetables, plays a pivotal role in food wastage. These foods typically come with best-
before or expiration dates, indicating that inadequate consumption or storage facilities
may lead to their expiration, rendering them inedible or hazardous, thereby resulting in
food waste. Additionally, poorly prepared food significantly contributes to this problem.
When foods are shoddily prepared, whether at home or in restaurants, consumers are
likely to reject them, leading to unnecessary wastage.

Nevertheless, there are viable solutions to mitigate this trend. It is important to consider
that even if certain foods are no longer suitable for human consumption, they can be
composted or utilized as livestock feed. This approach not only benefits the agriculture
industry but also helps reduce the accumulation of organic waste in landfills, thus
curbing environmental damage. Furthermore, even if the food waste is unfit for livestock
consumption, it can still be utilized as a valuable resource for renewable energy
production. For instance, some nations have implemented strategies to convert organic
matter from food waste into biogas, thereby generating electricity at minimal expense.

In conclusion, while food wastage may seem unavoidable, there are effective measures
to address it. By repurposing food waste for livestock feed and renewable energy
production, we can make significant strides in combating this pressing issue.

22 PM 04/05/2024

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202. [Improving Internet access] In many countries, the government has spent a large
amount of money on improving internet access. Why is it happening and do you think
it is the most appropriate use of government money?

Government spending on improving Internet access often represents a significant

portion of the national budget, leading to some public controversy in recent times.This
essay will analyze the reasons behind this trend and explain why it has been and will be
the most effective use of government money.

There are several reasons why governments invest in improved Internet access. As a
matter of fact, the Internet has been a highly effective and efficient means of connecting
people, regardless of their geographical location. Given that the cost of Internet
communication is generally low, even approaching zero in some cases, governments
and citizens alike can reduce reliance on traditional landlines, leading to significant cost
savings. Additionally, many countries have recognized the importance of the knowledge
economy, which relies on constant communication and the free exchange of ideas. A
prime example for this justification is Vietnam, which used to be an underdeveloped
nation, has grown faster economically in recent times as there has been a clear link
between information exchange and industrial growth.

Taking all pertinent factors into account involving costs and benefits, improving Internet
access is the most appropriate use of government money. In addition to connecting
people and the knowledge economy, enhanced Internet connectivity can also guarantee
government and corporation transparency and integrity. For instance, since almost
every behavior, either positive or negative, can be videotaped and disseminated via the
Internet, governments and corporations would be conscious of their actions. Not only
that, the Internet promotes equality in access to information for everyone, which
enhances social fairness. It is clear that nowadays anyone with a computer and an
Internet connection can have the same opportunities as others because they can
acquire the knowledge that had long been considered a secret to the majority.

In conclusion, improving Internet access is a wise use of government funds. It not only
connects people at a low cost, but also stimulates economic growth through various
channels. Furthermore, it contributes to greater transparency and social equality,
making it an investment that benefits society as a whole.

2 AM 5/4/2024

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203. [Juvenile crime] In recent times, juvenile crime has been increasing at an
alarming rate. What do you think is the reason for the growth in the rate of juvenile
crime? What solutions can you offer to deal with this situation?

Juvenile crime rates have been a cause for concern in many societies, prompting
debates about its underlying causes and potential solutions. This essay will analyze
some other reasons for this trend and viable solutions to address it.

There are a number of reasons why juvenile crime is growing. It is widely claimed that
socioeconomic inequality is a significant factor contributing to juvenile crime. Poverty,
lack of access to quality education, and limited employment opportunities can push
young people toward criminal behavior as they seek alternative means of survival or
status in this fast-paced world. In addition, it is suggested that dysfunctional family
environments characterized by neglect, abuse, or instability can disrupt the socialization
process and contribute to maladaptive/maladjustive behaviors in children. For instance,
children raised in households with high levels of conflict or violence may internalize
aggressive tendencies or adopt antisocial behaviors as coping mechanisms.

Nevertheless, there are also a variety of viable solutions to alleviate this issue. It should
be taken into consideration that investing in economic support systems, educational
programs, and job training initiatives is not merely a financial decision but a strategic
investment in the future of society. This allows policymakers to lay the groundwork for a
more equitable, resilient, and prosperous future for not only young people but also all
members of society. At the same time, nurturing and supportive family environments
provide a protective buffer against delinquency. Providing parenting education,
counseling services, and resources to improve parental skills and communication will
empower caregivers to create nurturing and stable home environments conducive to
positive youth development.

In conclusion, socioeconomic inequality and dysfunctional families are two contributing

factors to juvenile crime. Policymakers and families should cooperate to minimize the
issue to a manageable level.

Internalize (PSYCHOLOGY)
make (attitudes or behavior) part of one's nature by learning or unconscious assimilation.

TÀI LIỆU DÙNG CHO MỤC ĐÍCH GIÁO DỤC, VUI LÒNG DẪN TÊN VÀ NGUỒN KHI TÁI SỬ DỤNG
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204. Some people think that the best way to run a business is within the family. What
are the advantages and disadvantages of a family run business?
[Family-run business] Family-run businesses hold a unique place in the entrepreneurial
landscape, often characterized by a blend of personal relationships, shared values, and
professional aspirations. Despite some potential benefits this approach may bring
about, I firmly believe that they are overshadowed by the drawbacks.

On the one hand, there are a number of advantages of a family-run business. One of
the primary merit of a family-run business is the foundation of trust and loyalty built
among family members. Years of shared experiences, values, and a common heritage
create a deep sense of trust, fostering strong working relationships enables them to
communicate openly, make decisions together, and share responsibilities, leading to a
shared commitment to the success of the business. Moreover, family members are
emotionally invested in the success of the business, often going above and beyond to
ensure its prosperity. This personal commitment can translate into higher levels of
indication, innovation, and resilience, as individuals are driven by a sense of pride and
ownership in the family legacy.

On the other hand, this is not to say that people should downplay the importance of
family-run businesses’ downsides. What should be taken into consideration is that
family dynamics can sometimes give rise to conflicts, disagreements, or power
struggles within the business. Differences in management styles, competing interests,
or unresolved personal issues may lead to tensions that affect decision-making and
overall productivity, which are the major reasons for bankruptcy in most companies. In
addition, family businesses may face limitations in terms of skill diversity and expertise,
particularly if key positions are filled exclusively by family members. The lack of external
perspectives and specialized knowledge could impede innovation, hinder growth
opportunities, and limit the business’s ability to adapt to changing market trends,
especially when the management team lacks expertise in a particular industry or
technology.

In conclusion, while family-run businesses offer unique advantages such as strong

bonds, emotional investments, they also face inherent challenges related to conflict
management and skill diversity. By recognising and addressing these complexities,
family business can leverage their strengths while mitigating potential pitfalls, ensuring
the continuity and prosperity of the business for generations to come.

4:23 AM 05/04/2024

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205. [Image-conscious] Many people try to look younger than they really are. What
are the reasons for that? Is it a positive or negative development?
[GS]
Bản trong đầu: Nowadays, seeking methods to help people look younger than their
actual age is becoming increasingly popular among a large number of people.
Bản refined: In thís image-conscious society, it is no surprise that many individuals
endeavor to maintain a youthful appearance, sometimes even striving to look younger
than their actual age.
Opinion: In my opinion, this trend could bring negative consequences. This essay will
analyze the reasons behind it and explain why it will bring negative effects.
Thesis: There are a number of reasons making people seek to appear younger than
their chronological age.
Supporting 1.1: One of the primary reasons for this phenomenon is the pervasive
influence of societal norms and expectations.
Supporting 1.1: From advertising campaigns to celebrity culture, individuals are often
bombarded with images and messages that glorify youthfulness and perpetuate the
myth that aging is something to be feared or avoided at all costs. As such, many people
feel compelled to conform to these unrealistic standards, fearing judgment or
marginalization if they fail to meet society’s idealized image of youth.
Supporting 1.2: Another important factor contributing to the trend of trying to look
younger is advances in medical technology and the increased accessibility of these
procedures.
Supporting 1.2: With improved techniques and reduced risks, for example, cosmetic
surgery has become more affordable and attainable for more people. These
advancements not only appeal to people looking for subtle changes, but they also make
cosmetic procedures more appealing to a wider demographic.

Thesis: Despite the prevalence of the pursuit of youthfulness, it carries several negative
implications for individuals and society as a whole. -> template
Supporting 1.1: One major drawback ís that the relentless pursuit to look younger
perpetuates unrealistic beauty standards that can promote a homogenized ideal of
attractiveness that marginalizes individuals who do not conform to these standards.
Supporting 1.1: This can lead to feelings of inadequacy, low self-esteem, and body
dissatisfaction among those who feel unable to meet societal expectations.
Supporting 1.2: What should be taken into consideration is that cosmetic interventions,
such as plastic surgery and injectable treatments can carry inherent health risks.
Supporting 1.2: These procedures will lead to complications such as infections, allergic
reactions, nerve damage, and scarring, which can have long-lasting consequences for
the individual’s health and well-being.
Conclusion: In conclusion, while the desire to look younger than one’s chronological
age is understandable given the societal pressures and personal insecurities that drive
it, it is essential to consider the broader implications of this pursuit.

TÀI LIỆU DÙNG CHO MỤC ĐÍCH GIÁO DỤC, VUI LÒNG DẪN TÊN VÀ NGUỒN KHI TÁI SỬ DỤNG
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Expand: Instead of chasing an unattainable ideal of youthfulness, perhaps we should

focus on embracing the beauty and wisdom that comes with age, cultivating self-
acceptance, and redefining our notions of success and fulfillment.
1: 44PM 5/5/2024
206. Some people say that the government should invest in trains and the subway
system to prevent traffic congestion in large cities. Others, however, think it should
build wider roads. Discuss both views and give your own opinion and examples.
1. The question of whether the government should spend money on trains and
the subway system or build wider roads is the best way to prevent traffic jams
has ignited considerable debate. This essay aims to delve into both
perspectives extensively and provide my own opinion.
2. In burgeoning urban landscapes, the debate over how to tackle traffic jams is
as pressing as ever. While some advocate for bolstering=improving public
transportation networks, others champion the expansion of road infrastructure.
This essay aims to delve into both perspectives extensively and provide
my own opinion.
Of course, it has to be acknowledged that trains and subways present compelling
solutions to the complex issue of urban congestion. By offering dependable alternatives
to private cars, these mass transit systems serve as pillars of sustainability and
efficiency, easing traffic pressures while mitigating carbon emissions. For example, in
rapidly growing cities like Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, the establishment of passengers
and subway networks has revolutionized daily commuters, efficiently ferrying millions of
passengers and alleviating strain on overburdened roadways. Furthermore, the ripple
effects of public transit investments extend beyond mere transportation, often serving as
catalysts for robust economic development. The emergence of vibrant urban centers
around key transit hubs and corridors underscores the transformative power of well-
planned public transportation infrastructure, fostering connectivity and prosperity
throughout the urban landscape.
Overburdened: Overloaded or excessively burdened beyond capacity.
Robust: resilient and sturdy
However, this is not to say that people should downplay the importance of wider roads
in grappling with congestion issues. Beyond their surface-level benefits, wider roads
fundamentally reshape the urban landscape and transportation dynamics. By increasing
lane capacity and accommodating higher volumes of vehicles, expanded roadways
fundamentally alter the spatial dynamics of urban environments. In sprawling
metropolises like Los Angeles, where vehicular traffic is a pervasive challenge, wider
roads not only alleviate immediate congestion but also redefine the very fabric of urban
mobility. Moreover, the expansion of highways can serve as a catalyst for urban
development, unlocking previously inaccessible areas and catalyzing economic growth
along transportation corridors. This transformative impact extends beyond mere traffic
management, shaping the social, economic, and environmental contours of urban life.
Thus, wider roads represent more than just a pragmatic solution to traffic congestion;
they embody a profound reconfiguration of urban infrastructure and dynamics, with far-
reaching implications for cities' futures.

TÀI LIỆU DÙNG CHO MỤC ĐÍCH GIÁO DỤC, VUI LÒNG DẪN TÊN VÀ NGUỒN KHI TÁI SỬ DỤNG
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In conclusion, while trains and subways may offer immediate relief from congestion, I
am of the belief that expansion of roadways represents a proactive and pragmatic
approach to addressing the pressing transportation needs of large cities.

207. Tests and examinations are a central feature of school systems in many
countries. Do you think the educational benefits of testing outweigh any
disadvantages?

While some argue that frequent testing adds unnecessary pressure on students and
promotes rote learning, I believe that the educational benefits of testing, such as
providing measurable progress and encouraging accountability, outweigh the potential
disadvantages.

On the one hand, testing does have certain drawbacks, primarily related to stress and
an overemphasis on memorization. Many students experience high levels of anxiety
due to the pressure to perform well in exams, which can negatively affect their overall
well-being and hinder the learning process. Furthermore, tests often focus on
memorization rather than the development of critical thinking or practical skills, which
limits a student’s capacity to apply knowledge in real-world scenarios.

Despite its demerits, testing offers several key benefits that contribute to the
effectiveness of education. First, it provides a measurable way to track students’
progress, ensuring that both teachers and students are aware of where improvement is
needed. For instance, regular assessments allow educators to tailor their teaching
strategies based on the areas where students are struggling, leading to more targeted
instruction. Additionally, tests encourage students to review and reinforce their
knowledge, helping to solidify what they have learned over time. Standardized testing
also ensures accountability within the school system, as it holds students, teachers, and
institutions to consistent academic standards, making sure students are prepared for
future challenges in higher education for the job market.

In conclusion, while tests and examinations come with certain challenges, such as
stress and a focus on rote learning, I believe the educational benefits far outweigh the
disadvantages.

TÀI LIỆU DÙNG CHO MỤC ĐÍCH GIÁO DỤC, VUI LÒNG DẪN TÊN VÀ NGUỒN KHI TÁI SỬ DỤNG
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208. [Đề khó] Many people believe there should be only one legal system used all
over the world. However, others believe every country can make their own laws.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.

Draft 1. Some people are of the opinion that using a universal set of regulations and
laws for all nations around the world has a lot of benefits and should be applied. In
contrast, others suggest that each nation should have its unique laws rather than trying
to homogenize everything. [In contrast, others suggest that each nation should be
entitled to the right to make their own laws based on their unique characteristics and
conditions.] In this essay, I would explore the rationales behind these conflicting
suggestions before proposing my own opinion regarding this matter.

On the one hand, there are some reasons that explain why some people endorse the
view that all nations should only have one uniform set of laws and rules. In this
globalized world, as people travel across the border more intensively, and trading
between nations becomes the main sources of income of many individuals, having a
difference between legal systems can create significant challenges. First, this legal
patchwork may make products subject to different inspection rules, causing delays and
unnecessarily reducing trading. Also, once criminal activities are committed, the legal
discrepancy can make it harder to prosecute an individual. Thus, unifying legal systems
across the globe can help boost trading along with creating a more consistent
enforcement standard for violations.

On the other hand, opponents of the previous view maintain that trying to unify all
nations’ laws could lead to severe implications on the structure of our society. It is true
that each nation has a unique set of cultural, historical, and social values, which are the
foundations that help their nation make the laws that can benefit the largest part of
them. When all nations try to incorporate their laws into a unique set, it may lead to
problematic marginalization of many groups of people as the interest of one may pose
direct harm to another.

In conclusion, although there are mixed opinions on determining whether it is beneficial

for all nations to employ only one set of laws, I believe that each country should
maintain their legal sovereignty. Although a similar set of laws could help streamline
trading across countries and boost the ability to track down crimes, the cultural,
historical, and social differences between nations may be too significant to prevent such
a measure from being implemented.

TÀI LIỆU DÙNG CHO MỤC ĐÍCH GIÁO DỤC, VUI LÒNG DẪN TÊN VÀ NGUỒN KHI TÁI SỬ DỤNG
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Draft 2. The debate over whether a single, unified legal system should be implemented
worldwide or whether individual countries should maintain their own distinct laws has
been ongoing. Proponents of a global legal framework argue that it would promote
fairness, equality, and ease of governance across borders. Conversely, those in favor of
each country developing its own legal system highlight the importance of cultural,
historical, and societal differences that shape unique national laws. In this essay, I will
discuss both perspectives and offer my opinion.

Supporters of a single global legal system believe that such uniformity would lead to
greater consistency and fairness in legal proceedings. A standardized legal framework
could eliminate discrepancies between countries, especially on issues like human
rights, environmental regulations, and international trade. For instance, in a globalized
economy, businesses and individuals frequently operate across multiple jurisdictions,
and a unified legal system would reduce legal conflicts and complexities. Furthermore, a
global legal structure could promote a stronger sense of global justice, ensuring that all
people are subject to the same rights and obligations, irrespective of their country of
origin.

On the other hand, many argue that each country should have the right to create its own
legal system, tailored to its unique social, cultural, and historical context. National legal
autonomy ensures that laws reflect the values and traditions of the people they govern.
For instance, family law, criminal law, and civil rights often vary widely depending on
local customs, religious beliefs, and historical experiences. A global legal system might
not respect these differences, leading to conflicts between international standards and
local practices. Additionally, having national legal systems allows for greater flexibility in
adapting laws to changing domestic needs. Governments can make reforms based on
the evolving challenges their societies face, such as technological advancements or
shifts in social norms. This flexibility would be lost under a single global legal system,
which might be too bureaucratic to respond quickly and effectively to local needs.

In conclusion, while the idea of a global legal system has its merits in promoting
consistency and fairness, it is not practical given the vast diversity of cultures, values,
and legal traditions around the world. I believe that maintaining national legal autonomy
is crucial to preserving cultural identity and ensuring that laws are responsive to the
specific needs of each country. Therefore, each nation should continue to develop its
own legal system, with international cooperation in areas of mutual concern.

TÀI LIỆU DÙNG CHO MỤC ĐÍCH GIÁO DỤC, VUI LÒNG DẪN TÊN VÀ NGUỒN KHI TÁI SỬ DỤNG
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209. Online shopping is becoming more popular. How could this trend affect our
environment and the kinds of work required?

[Bài tham khảo] The burgeoning prevalence of online shopping has revolutionized
retail, offering consumers unparalleled convenience. However, this significant shift in
purchasing behavior is not without its implications, particularly concerning
environmental sustainability and employment dynamics. This essay will elucidate how
the rise of online shopping may adversely impact our environment and alter the nature
of work in the retail sector.

One of the most pressing environmental concerns stemming from the proliferation of
online retail is the increase in carbon emissions associated with delivery logistics. As
consumers increasingly opt for home delivery, particularly in urban areas, the demand
for rapid shipping services intensifies. This escalation results in higher vehicular traffic
congestion and a surge in greenhouse gas emissions, exacerbating climate change. For
instance, a study by the University of California found that, on average, online shopping
contributes 30% more carbon emissions per item than traditional shopping due to the
increased frequency of deliveries and packaging waste. Furthermore, the proliferation of
packaging materials used to safeguard products during transit poses another significant
environmental challenge. Many of these materials are non-biodegradable, leading to
increased landfill waste and environmental degradation. Consequently, while online
shopping may offer consumers ease and efficiency, it simultaneously imposes
detrimental effects on our planet.

The transition towards online shopping also necessitates a re-evaluation of job types
within the retail sector. Traditional retail, which has historically relied on in-person sales
interactions, is experiencing a decline in demand, leading to job displacement for
numerous sales personnel. However, this phenomenon also gives rise to new
employment opportunities in sectors such as logistics, technology development, and
customer service management. For instance, the burgeoning need for warehouse
workers and delivery drivers illustrates a shift in job requirements in response to
changing consumer habits. Nevertheless, some argue that these new roles may not
offer the same level of stability or benefits as conventional retail jobs. Additionally, the
increasing reliance on automation and artificial intelligence in warehouses and customer
service could further exacerbate job insecurity, as machines replace human roles. This
duality highlights a complex transformation in the labor market, wherein the growth of
online shopping can lead to both opportunity and disadvantage.

In conclusion, the increasing inclination towards online shopping significantly influences

both environmental outcomes and employment landscapes. While it provides

TÀI LIỆU DÙNG CHO MỤC ĐÍCH GIÁO DỤC, VUI LÒNG DẪN TÊN VÀ NGUỒN KHI TÁI SỬ DỤNG
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undeniable convenience and efficiency, it also raises concerns regarding increased

carbon emissions and waste, as well as the changes in job opportunities within the retail
sector. Moving forward, it is essential for stakeholders - including consumers,
businesses, and policymakers - to adopt strategies that mitigate these negative impacts,
promoting sustainable practices in online retail and ensuring the workforce is
adequately prepared for the future of work.

[Mine] The proliferation of online shopping has fundamentally transformed consumer

purchasing patterns and reshaped economic dynamics. While this shift has undoubtedly
enhanced convenience for consumers, it has also engendered significant concerns
regarding its implications for environmental sustainability and the nature of employment.
This essay aims to explore the environmental ramifications and the evolving
requirements within the job market as a result of this retail evolution.

To begin with, the environmental impact of online shopping starkly contrasts with that of
traditional retail. In the past, consumers engaged in physical shopping, which involved
traveling to stores, acquiring products, and transporting them home - a model that
concentrated environmental consequences primarily in terms of transportation
emissions and packaging waste. However, the contemporary e-commerce model has
broadened and intensified these impacts. Logistics, warehousing, and delivery services
are now at the heart of online retail, significantly contributing to elevated carbon
emissions, particularly attributable to “last-mile” deliveries to individual residences.
Moreover, the rampant utilization of packaging materials, encompassing plastics and
cardboard, has exacerbated waste generation, exacerbating the challenges faced by
landfills and recycling facilities.

Furthermore, the transition to online shopping has reshaped the job market and altered
workforce dynamics. Traditionally, the retail sector relied predominantly on in-person
roles, with sales associates, cashiers, and stockers forming the backbone of the
workforce. The ascendance of e-commerce, however, has engendered a notable shift in
employment structure, necessitating a focus on roles in fulfillment centers, logistics, and
technology. As online purchasing surges, positions for warehouse operatives, delivery
personnel, and software developers tasked with maintaining e-commerce platforms
have become increasingly crucial. This transition demands that workers acquire new
competencies, such as managing automated systems within warehouses and
navigating intricate supply chains.

In conclusion, the rise of online shopping has indelibly altered both environmental
dynamics and the job market landscape. Compared to historical retail practices, the
ecological footprint of e-commerce has magnified due to heightened delivery emissions
and excessive packaging, notwithstanding the potential for future innovations in
sustainable technology to alleviate these challenges.

TÀI LIỆU DÙNG CHO MỤC ĐÍCH GIÁO DỤC, VUI LÒNG DẪN TÊN VÀ NGUỒN KHI TÁI SỬ DỤNG
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210. Multicultural societies, in which there is a mixture of different ethnic peoples,

bring more benefits than drawbacks to a country.

To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Multicultural societies, where people of diverse ethnic backgrounds coexist, have

become more prevalent in today’s globalized world. These societies are often seen as
rich in cultural exchange and diversity, yet they may also face challenges related to
social cohesion and integration. While both benefits and drawbacks exist, I believe the
advantages of multicultural societies far outweigh the disadvantages, as they foster
innovation, broaden perspectives, and encourage cultural understanding.

Critics might argue that a multicultural society can lead to social friction, such as
language barriers and cultural misunderstandings. They argue that it is difficult to
maintain social cohesion when there are significant differences in traditions and values.
While this concern is valid, I note that it overlooks the importance of integration policies
and inclusive education systems that can bridge these divides. For example,
governments can implement language-learning programs and cultural awareness
initiatives to help immigrants and local citizens interact more harmoniously.

To add further credence to my assertion, I point out that the greatest strengths of
multiculturalism is the variety of cultures, traditions, and perspectives it brings to a
society. When people from different backgrounds collaborate, they bring a wide range of
perspectives and ideas, which fosters innovation. For instance, countries like the United
States and Canada, known for their multiculturalism, benefit from the unique
contributions of immigrants in fields such as technology, medicine, and the arts. These
diverse skills create a more dynamic economy that is more competitive on a global
scale.

In conclusion, while it is true that multicultural societies face challenges such as social
friction and concerns about cultural erosion, these issues can be effectively managed
through integration programs and inclusive policies. The benefits of multiculturalism -
such as increased creativity, economic growth - far outweigh these drawbacks.

TÀI LIỆU DÙNG CHO MỤC ĐÍCH GIÁO DỤC, VUI LÒNG DẪN TÊN VÀ NGUỒN KHI TÁI SỬ DỤNG
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211. In some countries, it is illegal for companies to reject job applicants for their
age. Commented [20]: Task Response 9.0
The essay thoroughly addresses the topic, presenting a
clear and well-supported position. All aspects of the
Is this a positive or negative development? prompt are explored with relevant examples and
insightful analysis.
In some countries, laws have been implemented to prevent companies from rejecting Coherence & Cohesion 9.0
job applicants based on their ages. This legal framework is meant to promote fairness The essay flows smoothly and logically. Ideas are
connected effectively, and the structure is easy to
and equal opportunity in the workplace, but it also stirs debates about its implications. I follow. Paragraphing is excellent.
believe this development is largely positive, as it fosters inclusivity, ensures a fair job Lexical Resource 9.0
market, and encourages a diverse workforce, even though certain challenges remain in A wide range of sophisticated vocabulary is used
accurately and appropriately. The language is precise
its practical application. and natural.
Grammatical Range & Accuracy 9.0
Critics might argue that these laws could unintentionally place a burden on companies, The grammar is impeccable. A wide range of
grammatical structures is used with complete accuracy
especially those in fast-paced industries that may prioritize youth and adaptability. From and fluency.
a business standpoint, hiring managers might prefer younger candidates for roles that
require physical endurance or quick learning of new technologies. Despite this, the legal Commented [21]: the rapid acquisition of new
protections against age-based rejection are a necessary step in combating societal technologies

prejudices, ensuring that older workers are not unfairly sidelined. In a context where
populations are aging rapidly, this legal approach becomes crucial for maintaining a
balanced and fair workplace. Commented [22]: equitable

To add further credence to my assertion, I note that the ban on age-related hiring
discrimination encourages a more inclusive and diverse workforce, which can have
significant benefits for both employees and employers. Older workers bring experience, Commented [23]: yield significant benefits
reliability, and often valuable mentorship to younger colleagues. Allowing people of all
ages to compete fairly for jobs ensures that companies can tap into this wealth of
knowledge. This is particularly relevant in countries like Japan and Germany, where the
aging workforce plays a critical role in sustaining economic productivity. Additionally,
companies that embrace diversity, including age diversity, tend to foster better
employee satisfaction and innovation, as a range of perspectives leads to more creative
solutions.

In conclusion, making it illegal for companies to reject job applicants based on their age
is a positive development. It promotes fairness, helps eliminate outdated prejudices,
and contributes to a more inclusive and diverse workforce. While there are challenges in
terms of adjusting to the needs of certain industries, these can be mitigated through
policies like retraining and lifelong learning programs.

TÀI LIỆU DÙNG CHO MỤC ĐÍCH GIÁO DỤC, VUI LÒNG DẪN TÊN VÀ NGUỒN KHI TÁI SỬ DỤNG
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212. Recently a woman killed her own two-year-old grandchild due to blind belief
in fortune-telling. While many people maintain that fortune-telling and other
superstitious rituals are culturally indispensable, others claim that these Commented [24]: 1. Prophetic rituals and mystical
activities should be banned by the government. beliefs
2. Predictive practices and irrational traditions
3. Divination and folk superstitions
Discuss both views and give your opinion. 4. Future-reading and age-old superstitions
5. Esoteric practices and unfounded beliefs
The tragic case of a woman killing her own grandchild due to a belief in fortune-telling 6. Mystical predictions and cultural superstitions
7. Clairvoyant practices and superstitious customs
has sparked debates over the role of superstitions and fortune-telling in modern society. 8. Occult traditions and supernatural beliefs
While many people view these practices as culturally significant and a part of long-
standing traditions, others argue that such rituals can lead to dangerous outcomes and
should be prohibited by the government. This essay aims to delve into both
perspectives before stating my opinion. [In my opinion, while cultural preservation is
important, it is essential that harmful superstitions that endanger lives be regulated or
banned for the sake of public safety.]

On the one hand, those in favor of fortune-telling argue that it is an integral part of many
cultures, offering guidance, comfort, and connection to traditions. In societies like
Vietnam, China, and India, fortune-tellers often serve as spiritual counselors, providing
advice on important life decisions like marriage, career, and health. These rituals have
historical roots and are deeply embedded in the way people navigate life’s uncertainties.
Banning them could be seen as an attack on cultural heritage and could alienate those
who find solace in these practices.

On the other hand, critics argue that fortune-telling and superstitions can become
dangerous when taken to extremes, as demonstrated by the tragic incident of the
grandmother killing her grandchild recently. In these cases, blind belief in supernatural
forces can lead to irrational behavior and harmful decisions. In addition to the emotional
and psychological harm, superstitions can foster a climate of fear and exploitation,
where individuals fall victim to charlatans who manipulate vulnerable people for financial
gain. Governments, therefore, have a responsibility to protect citizens from such risks. A
ban or strict regulation on fortune-telling would help to mitigate these dangers, ensuring
that cultural practices do not lead to violence or abuse.

While both perspectives hold merit, I believe that a balanced approach is the best
solution. Rather than completely banning fortune-telling, which could infringe on cultural
freedom, governments should impose regulations to prevent harmful consequences.
For example, stricter laws could be introduced to prevent the promotion of dangerous
superstitions, and individuals found to be exploiting others or inciting violence through

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these practices should face legal consequences. This way, the cultural significance of
fortune-telling can be preserved without allowing it to become a cause of harm.

In conclusion, while prophetic rituals and mystical beliefs play an important role in many
cultures, the potential for harm cannot be ignored. The tragic incident of a woman killing
her grandchild highlights the dangers of unchecked superstition. A balanced approach,
involving regulation rather than a complete band, would allow for the preservation of
cultural practices while ensuring public safety.

213. Due to the effects of globalization, the culture of some countries is

influenced by others. Some people think this is a positive process. Others think
this is a threat to cultural identity. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

The impact of globalization on culture has sparked debate, with some viewing it as a
positive force that broadens perspectives and enhances diversity, while others see it as
a threat to cultural identity. Both sides have valid points, and evaluating these
perspectives sheds light on the complex relationship between globalization and cultural
preservation.

On the one hand, proponents argue that cultural exchange through globalization
enriches societies, fostering tolerance and mutual understanding. As people are
exposed to foreign ideas, practices, and values, they gain a broader worldview, which
can reduce stereotypes and cultural biases. For instance, the global popularity of
cuisine, music, and fashion from various regions has created a shared cultural
landscape that encourages people to appreciate and celebrate diversity. This exchange
can also lead to positive innovations within local cultures, as they adapt and integrate
aspects of foreign cultures that align with their values, leading to a more dynamic,
enriched society.

On the other hand, critics assert that globalization can erode cultural identity, as it often
introduces dominant cultural influences that overshadow local traditions. For many, the
rise of Western cultural products and lifestyles in regions around the world is viewed as
a homogenizing force that diminishes unique traditions. This loss can be particularly
acute in countries where traditional practices are closely tied to national identity and
heritage. Critics worry that younger generations, who are more exposed to global
media, might lose connection with their cultural roots, resulting in a gradual erosion of
historical customs and values.

In my opinion, while globalization brings undeniable benefits by promoting cultural

exchange and understanding, the risks to cultural identity should not be underestimated.
Efforts should be made to balance global influences with a commitment to preserving
unique cultural practices, allowing societies to embrace diversity while also honoring
their heritage. By supporting cultural education and promoting local traditions, countries
can retain their identity even as they participate in a globalized world.

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214. [Kinh Môn] While some people believe that the reducing compulsory
subjects of the National High School Graduation Exam is beneficial for students,
others argue that the drawbacks outweigh its benefits. Discuss both views and
give your opinion?

The idea of reducing the number of compulsory subjects in the National High School
Graduation Exam has sparked debate. Some people believe that fewer subjects would
benefit students by easing their workload, while others argue that it might have negative
consequences for their overall education. This essay will explore both views before
offering my own opinion.

On the one hand, reducing the number of compulsory subjects can relieve students of
the pressure associated with studying too many topics at once. By focusing on fewer
subjects, students can dedicate more time and energy to mastering them, which could
lead to better academic performance. Additionally, students may have more time to
develop skills in areas that genuinely interest them, such as art, technology, or
languages. This focused learning approach could help students feel less overwhelmed,
making their educational experience more enjoyable and effective.

On the other hand, critics argue that reducing compulsory subjects might result in
students receiving a less well-rounded education. Compulsory subjects often include
important areas like science, mathematics, and history, which help students develop
critical thinking and a broad understanding of the world. If fewer subjects are required,
some students may avoid essential topics, which could limit their general knowledge
and future opportunities. In the long term, this could harm their ability to compete in a
diverse and complex job market, where a broad skill set is highly valued.

In conclusion, while reducing compulsory subjects may help students manage their
workload and focus on areas of interest, it could also compromise their overall
education by narrowing the scope of their learning. In my opinion, maintaining a
balanced curriculum that ensures a well-rounded education is more important than
simply reducing the number of subjects, as it better prepares students for future
challenges.

TÀI LIỆU DÙNG CHO MỤC ĐÍCH GIÁO DỤC, VUI LÒNG DẪN TÊN VÀ NGUỒN KHI TÁI SỬ DỤNG
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215. Some people claim that authoritarian parenting characterized by strict rules
and discipline is more effective than permissive parenting which emphasizes
freedom and independence in raising well-adjusted and successful children.
Discuss both views and give your opinion?

The debate between authoritarian and permissive parenting styles has been a
longstanding one, with some people claiming that strict rules and discipline produce
better outcomes in children, while others argue that emphasizing freedom and
independence is more effective. This essay aims to delve into both perspectives
extensively and offer my opinion on which approach may lead to well-adjusted and
successful children.

On the one hand, supporters of authoritarian parenting believe that strict rules and
discipline help children develop a strong sense of responsibility and respect for
authority. This parenting style ensures that children are aware of boundaries and
consequences, which can prevent them from engaging in harmful behaviors. By
adhering to clear expectations, children raised in authoritarian households may perform
well academically and socially, as they learn to follow rules and meet standards.
Additionally, discipline in this style can help instill qualities like perseverance and self-
control, which are often seen as essential for future success.

On the other hand, advocates of permissive parenting argue that giving children more
freedom and independence fosters creativity, self-confidence, and decision-making
skills. By allowing children to explore their own interests and make choices, this
approach encourages them to learn from their mistakes and develop a sense of
personal responsibility. Proponents believe that when children are raised in a nurturing
and less restrictive environment, they are more likely to become emotionally well-
adjusted and resilient in the face of challenges. This sense of independence can
prepare children for adulthood, where they need to navigate complex situations on their
own.

In conclusion, both authoritarian and permissive parenting styles have their advantages.
Authoritarian parenting provides structure and discipline, which can lead to success,
while permissive parenting encourages independence and emotional development. In
my opinion, a balanced approach that incorporates the strengths of both styles -
combining structure with freedom - may be the most effective in raising children.

TÀI LIỆU DÙNG CHO MỤC ĐÍCH GIÁO DỤC, VUI LÒNG DẪN TÊN VÀ NGUỒN KHI TÁI SỬ DỤNG
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216. Some people argue that cyberbullying is less harmful than traditional forms
of bullying due to the lack of physical confrontation. To what extent do you agree
or disagree with this statement?

Cyberbullying and traditional bullying both pose serious threats to individuals’ well-
being, but some argue that cyberbullying is less harmful as it lacks physical
confrontation. I disagree with this viewpoint, since the emotional and psychological
impacts of cyberbullying can be just as devastating, if not more so, than traditional
bullying.

Granted, one might argue that cyberbullying is less harmful because there is no
physical violence involved. The absence of direct physical harm might make it seem
less dangerous, as traditional bullying often results in visible injuries or face-to-face
intimidation. However, this line of reasoning is not sound due to the fact that emotional
and psychological trauma caused by cyberbullying can have long-standing effects.
Unlike traditional bullying, cyberbullying can follow the victim everywhere, even into their
home, making it difficult to find refuge or escape. Additionally, the anonymity that
cyberbullies can maintain often emboldens them to be more relentless and cruel in their
attacks, exacerbating the mental strain on the victim.

Moreover, the widespread nature of the Internet allows cyberbullying to reach a much
larger audience. While traditional bullying is often confined to specific locations like
schools or neighborhoods, cyberbullying can quickly escalate, as harmful messages,
rumors, or images can be shared across platforms and seen by hundreds or thousands
of people. This extensive exposure can deeply damage the victims' reputation, self-
esteem, and mental health. To make matters worse, the permanence of content shared
online means that the victim may relive the experience repeatedly, as it is harder to
erase or forget the evidence of the bullying.

In conclusion, although cyberbullying lacks physical confrontation, its psychological and

emotional impact can be more harmful than traditional forms of bullying. The global
reach, anonymity, and lasting presence of online attacks make cyberbullying a serious
issue that should not be underestimated. Therefore, I strongly disagree with the notion
that cyberbullying is less harmful.

TÀI LIỆU DÙNG CHO MỤC ĐÍCH GIÁO DỤC, VUI LÒNG DẪN TÊN VÀ NGUỒN KHI TÁI SỬ DỤNG
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217. In today Vietnamese's English curricular books, there seems to be a wider

range of "Project" sections. Many students are assigned to do those projects.
Many parents complain that they are time-consuming and unnecessary for their
children as they need to focus more on studying compulsory subjects and
examinations.

To what extent do you agree or disagree?

In Vietnam's current English curriculum, the inclusion of "Project" sections has become
more common, sparking debates among parents and students alike. Some parents
argue that these projects are time-consuming and detract from the focus on compulsory
subjects and exam preparation. However, I believe that while balancing project work
with other academic commitments is important, these projects provide essential benefits
that enhance students' overall learning experience.

Critics of the project-based approach may argue that such assignments take away
valuable time from core subjects like mathematics, science, and literature, which are
prioritized in national examinations. For many students, the pressure to perform well on
standardized tests is immense, and dedicating time to projects might feel like a
distraction. Additionally, parents often worry that project work may not directly translate
into higher exam scores, leading them to view such tasks as unnecessary.

However, I would highlight that the skills gained from completing English projects are
invaluable and go beyond the immediate scope of exam preparation. English projects
often require teamwork, creativity, critical thinking, and problem-solving - all essential
skills for success in both academic and real-world contexts. Unlike traditional test-based
learning, which primarily focuses on rote memorization, projects encourage students to
apply their knowledge in practical ways, promoting a deeper understanding of the
subject matters. Furthermore, project-based learning in English allows students to
practice their communication skills, which is crucial for language proficiency.

In conclusion, while it is understandable that some parents view projects as time-

consuming in the face of exam pressures, I believe they play a crucial role in helping
students develop essential life skills. The balance between project work and exam
preparation can be managed effectively, ensuring that students benefit from both
without feeling overwhelmed. Therefore, I disagree with the notion that projects are
unnecessary and advocate for their continued inclusion in the curriculum.

TÀI LIỆU DÙNG CHO MỤC ĐÍCH GIÁO DỤC, VUI LÒNG DẪN TÊN VÀ NGUỒN KHI TÁI SỬ DỤNG
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218. Although it is generally prohibited, corporal (physical) punishment still

persists in many schools, families. Do you think corporal punishment is an
acceptable way to regulate children's behavior?

Corporal punishment, despite being widely prohibited, continues to exist in schools and
households across the globe. While some argue that it is an effective means of
disciplining children, I firmly believe that physical punishment is not an acceptable way
to regulate children's behavior. It not only causes emotional and psychological harm but
also promotes aggression rather than fostering long-term positive behavior.

Granted, one might argue that corporal punishment provides an immediate response to
misbehaviors, creating a sense of fear and, supposedly, teaching children to avoid
wrongdoings. Some parents and educators believe that physical discipline is a quick
and effective way to instill obedience and respect. However, this line of reasoning is not
sound, as fear-based tactics do not lead to genuine understanding or self-regulation.
Children may comply out of fear in the short term, but they are less likely to internalize
why their behaviors were wrong, making the lessons ineffective in the long run.

Moreover, corporal punishments can have serious emotional and psychological

consequences for children. Studies have shown that physical punishment can lead to
increased aggression, anxiety, and depression in children. When children are subjected
to physical punishment, they may learn to associate violence with authority and power,
leading them to mimic such behaviors in their interactions with others. This not only
creates a cycle of violence but also undermines the development of healthy conflict-
resolution skills.

In conclusion, corporal punishment is not an acceptable way to regulate children's

behavior. While some may argue that it is effective in the short term, it fails to promote
meaningful behavioral change and can cause long-term emotional harm. Instead of
resorting to physical punishment, parents and educators should focus on positive
discipline methods that foster understanding, self-discipline, and emotional well-being.

TÀI LIỆU DÙNG CHO MỤC ĐÍCH GIÁO DỤC, VUI LÒNG DẪN TÊN VÀ NGUỒN KHI TÁI SỬ DỤNG
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219. “In the modern world, schools are no longer necessary because children can
study by themselves with the help of Internet-based tools just as well at home.”

To what extent do you agree or disagree?

In the modern era, with the increasing accessibility of Internet-based educational tools,
some argue that coming to school for study purposes is unnecessary as children can
effectively learn from home. While it is true that the digital revolution has greatly
expanded the range of learning resources available to students, I strongly disagree with
the notion that schools are no longer necessary.

Granted, one might argue that Internet-driven tools offer a wealth of information and
learning opportunities, making it easier for students to access educational content from
anywhere. Websites, videos, and online courses provide a wide range of subjects that
students can explore at their own pace, often more flexibly than traditional schooling
allows. However, this line of reasoning is not sound due to the fact that self-study
through the Internet lacks the critical elements of guidance, accountability, and structure
that traditional schools provide. While information is readily available online, students -
especially younger ones - require professional educators to help them navigate through
complex topics and ensure they develop a deep, well-rounded understanding of the
material.

In addition to providing academic structure, schools play a vital role in the social
development of children. The classroom environment encourages interaction with
peers, helping students learn valuable life skills such as teamwork, communication, and
problem-solving. These social interactions are difficult to replicate in an online, self-
study format, where students may miss out on opportunities to engage with others in
meaningful ways. Without a school environment, students may face isolation, which
could negatively affect their overall development and well-being.

In conclusion, while Internet-powered tools offer flexibility and access to a vast amount
of information, I believe that schools still remain essential for ensuring that children
receive guided instruction, maintain consistent learning progress, and develop the
necessary social and academic skills to succeed in life.

TÀI LIỆU DÙNG CHO MỤC ĐÍCH GIÁO DỤC, VUI LÒNG DẪN TÊN VÀ NGUỒN KHI TÁI SỬ DỤNG
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220. Most high-level positions in companies are filled by men even though the
workforce in many developed countries is more than 50 percent female.
Companies should be required to allocate a certain percentage of these positions
to women. What is your opinion?

In many developed countries, despite women comprising over 50 percent of the

workforce, most high-level positions in companies are still dominated by men. To
address this imbalance, some suggest that companies should be compelled to allocate
a specific percentage of leadership roles to women. While there are concerns that such
quotas might undermine merit-based systems, I believe that they can promote fairness
and improve diversity in the workplace.

Granted, one might argue that mandating gender quotas could compromise the idea of
meritocracy. They claim that leadership positions should be earned based on individual
ability, not gender. However, this reasoning overlooks the fact that various structural
and societal barriers often hinder women’s access to top positions, even when they are
equally or more qualified than their male counterparts. Unconscious bias in recruitment
and promotion processes can prevent capable women from rising to leadership roles.
Quotas could help dismantle these barriers, ensuring that qualified women have a fair
chance to advance based on their skills.

To add further credence to my assertion, I note that introducing gender quotas can bring
significant benefits to companies. Research has shown that diverse leadership teams
enhance creativity and foster better decision-making, which is crucial in a rapidly
evolving business world. By ensuring that more women are represented in senior
positions, companies can take advantage of varied perspectives, which can lead to
innovation and stronger performance overall. Thus, rather than undermining merit,
quotas can complement it by creating a more inclusive environment where talent is fully
recognized.

In conclusion, while some may argue against gender quotas on the grounds of merit,
these measures offer a necessary solution to overcoming persistent gender inequality in
leadership. By breaking down long-standing barriers, quotas can create more diverse,
dynamic, and equitable corporate environments.

TÀI LIỆU DÙNG CHO MỤC ĐÍCH GIÁO DỤC, VUI LÒNG DẪN TÊN VÀ NGUỒN KHI TÁI SỬ DỤNG
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221. [2/11] If people could choose between a life without work and spending most
of their time working, they could always choose not to work.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?

In today’s society, the concept of work has evolved beyond mere financial necessity,
often serving as a source of purpose, structure, and social connection. While a life free
from work may appeal to some, I believe many would still choose to engage in work for
the fulfillment and personal growth it offers.

Granted, one might argue that if given the choice, many people would opt out of working
to embrace a life of leisure. The immediate allure of freedom, rest, and the chance to
explore personal interests without obligations is undeniably compelling. However, this
line of reasoning is not sound because it overlooks the essential human need for
structure, purpose, and connection - elements that work can fulfill. Many individuals find
satisfaction in developing their skills, contributing to society, and achieving personal
goals within a professional framework. A life devoid of work might initially appear ideal,
yet it risks leaving people without a sense of direction or accomplishment, which, for
some, is a critical part of their identity and well-being. Therefore, the assumption that
people would abandon work entirely if afforded the chance ignores the substantial
psychological and social benefits it provides.

In addition, work offers individuals a platform for social interaction and community
involvement, aspects that cannot be fully replaced by leisure alone. A job often
introduces people to like-minded peers, builds camaraderies, and instills a sense of
belonging, aspects vital to mental health and emotional stability. For example,
workplace relationships and the sense of shared purpose foster a supportive
environment that many people value highly. Moreover, work often serves as a vehicle
for individuals to make a positive impact, not only in their own lives but also in the
broader community. Consequently, even with the choice of a work-free life, some would
continue to engage in employment or vocational pursuits to satisfy these deeper needs
for connection, purpose, and societal contribution.

In conclusion, although the option of a life without work may seem desirable to many,
the decision is far more complex due to the multifaceted role that work plays. While
some might indeed favor a work-free lifestyle, others would likely choose to remain
professionally active to fulfill personal aspirations, form social bonds, and contribute
meaningfully to society.

TÀI LIỆU DÙNG CHO MỤC ĐÍCH GIÁO DỤC, VUI LÒNG DẪN TÊN VÀ NGUỒN KHI TÁI SỬ DỤNG
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222. Throughout history, people have dreamed of living in a perfect society, but
they have not agreed on what an ideal society would be like.

What do you think is the most important element of a perfect society in the
modern world?

As the world has always changed in the way of seeking for the better, the concept of a
perfect society has captivated the human imagination, inspiring countless philosophical
debates, literary works, and political movements. While some prioritize material wealth
or technological advancement, I believe that fostering a strong sense of equality stands
out as the most crucial element in creating a balanced and harmonious society.

Granted, one might argue that economic prosperity is the most fundamental factor in
achieving a perfect society, as it can alleviate poverty, improve education, and increase
access to healthcare. An economically stable society could theoretically provide citizens
with the resources they need to live fulfilling lives, reducing disparities and ensuring
basic needs are met. However, this line of reasoning is not sound due to the fact that
economic prosperity alone does not ensure fairness or unity. Without a commitment to
equality, wealth can become overly concentrated in the hands of a few, which only
deepens divides and exacerbates social tensions.

In contrast, placing equality at the forefront of societal values is essential for building a
truly cohesive and supportive community. When equality is prioritized, everyone can
have fair access to resources, rights, and opportunities, which encourages mutual
respect and a sense of belonging. For example, equitable education systems enable
individuals from all backgrounds to reach their potential, reducing social barriers and
enabling widespread development. An emphasis on equality also cultivates a balanced
social structure, where people are encouraged to contribute to the welfare of others, not
just their own. Such a society, grounded in fairness and inclusion, fosters not only
material well-being but also a shared purpose that enhances societal happiness and
cooperation.

In conclusion, while economic prosperity offers clear benefits in enhancing a society’s

living standards, it is ultimately equality that establishes the foundation for a peaceful
and united community.

TÀI LIỆU DÙNG CHO MỤC ĐÍCH GIÁO DỤC, VUI LÒNG DẪN TÊN VÀ NGUỒN KHI TÁI SỬ DỤNG
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223. Scientists agree that many people eat too much junk food and it is damaging
their health. Some people think that this problem can be solved by educating
people, while others believe that education will not work. Discuss both views and
give your opinion.

1. Eating an excessive amount of junk food, which is increasingly prevalent among

modern people, is believed by scientists to inflict damage upon people’s health.
Some individuals are of the opinion that education can be the key to this
problem, while others claim that it would not work as an effective solution.
2. Although eating an excessive amount of junk food is believed by scientists to
inflict damage upon people’s well-being, it is being done increasingly by more
and more people. While some argue that raising awareness about the dangers of
junk food can significantly reduce its intake, others contend that education alone
is ineffective in changing ingrained eating habits.

In this essay, I would explore both perspectives extensively before proposing my own
opinion on this matter.

[Salt-Sweet-full of fats and carbs] -> thỏa mãn vị giác nhiều nhất -> dopamine - sung
sướng / Tuy nhiên, khi ăn càng nhiều, cơ thể càng cần nạp nhiều thức ăn để đạt được
dopamine như cũ - vui sướng như cũ (như chơi game).

=> Giáo dục chỉ hiệu quả cho những người chưa thực hiện hành vi, còn đã ăn fast food
nhiều rồi - mà dừng -> counter-productive.
Body 1 - có hiệu quả với người chưa ăn nhiều.

On the one hand, there are some reasons that explain why education can mitigate the
problem of over-consuming junk food that has become more prevalent in this day and
age.

Có một nguyên nhân gì đó khiến người ta ăn junk food, mà nếu như can thiệp giáo dục
thì có thể phòng tránh được.

fail: because eating junk food is known to damage people’s health, if people are
educated about this, they can stop eating junk food.
chứng minh sâu sắc: tác hại của nó là thật - nhưng người ta không biết về nó.

Junk food is engineered to satisfy people’s taste as much as possible by using a

combination of salt, carbohydrates, and fats, leading to the increasing popularity of it.
However, any adverse health implication requires time to manifest, making people less
aware of the problem of junk food. Thus, if people are educated by the government

TÀI LIỆU DÙNG CHO MỤC ĐÍCH GIÁO DỤC, VUI LÒNG DẪN TÊN VÀ NGUỒN KHI TÁI SỬ DỤNG
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about what can happen with junk food, such as diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular
issues, consumers may try more to avoid it and rely more on healthier food options.

Body 2 - sẽ có hiệu quả với người đã ăn nhiều rồi -> cách thức khác.

On the other hand, opponents of the previous view think that education may not work in
specific situations. For people who have already over-consumed junk food, the
excessive caloric content can already make them addicted, making it extremely difficult
for them to quit. These affected individuals require a careful withdrawal from this type of
food by following a strict guideline from experts and gradually eating better. Also,
medications can be required when the issues have become very severe, such as once
obesity has reached a more advanced stage.

In conclusion, although there are mixed opinions on determining whether education is

effective against the rising prevalence of junk food, I believe that it should be part of a
comprehensive plan rather than being used exclusively. Although education can act as
a preventative method, individuals who have already over-consumed it may require
more intensive healthcare plans and support from experts.

TÀI LIỆU DÙNG CHO MỤC ĐÍCH GIÁO DỤC, VUI LÒNG DẪN TÊN VÀ NGUỒN KHI TÁI SỬ DỤNG
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224. Some people believe that it is best to accept a bad situation, such as an Commented [25]: Band Score 8
TR 8
unsatisfactory job or shortage of money. Others argue that it is better to try and CC 8
improve such situations. LR 8
GRA 9
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.
People often face challenging situations, whether it is a job they find unfulfilling or
financial difficulties. Some argue that acceptance is the best approach, allowing
individuals to avoid disappointment and stress. Others believe that actively seeking
improvement is essential for better outcomes. In my opinion, while acceptance can
sometimes foster resilience, striving for improvement is usually more empowering and
beneficial in the long run.

Granted, one might argue that accepting a difficult situation can be a wise decision,
particularly when certain circumstances are beyond one's immediate control. For
example, in economic downturns, individuals may have limited job opportunities, making
it more pragmatic to remain in a less-than-ideal role rather than risking unemployment.
This acceptance can provide a sense of stability and prevent feelings of frustration or
helplessness. However, this line of reasoning is not sound due to the fact that
complacency can prevent individuals from exploring their full potential. Over time,
continuously accepting dissatisfactory conditions can lead to stagnation and diminished
self-worth, as individuals may come to believe they have no power to bring about
positive change in their lives. Commented [26]: Trong cụm từ "effect positive
change", việc sử dụng "effect" như một động từ là
chính xác về mặt ngữ pháp, nhưng nó có vẻ hơi trang
On the other hand, many contend that attempting to improve challenging situations trọng và ít phổ biến trong ngôn ngữ hàng ngày. Thay
reflects resilience and ambition, qualities that drive people toward personal growth and vào đó, chúng ta có thể sử dụng cụm từ "bring about
satisfaction in the long run. Pursuing new skills, switching careers, or exploring positive change". "Bring about" có nghĩa là "gây ra"
hoặc "tạo ra", và nó thường được sử dụng khi nói về
alternative income sources, for example, can open doors to better opportunities and a việc tạo ra sự thay đổi. Cách diễn đạt này tự nhiên hơn
higher quality of life. However, this perspective also has limitations, as the pressure to và dễ hiểu hơn, đồng thời vẫn giữ được ý nghĩa ban
constantly strive for improvement can lead to burnout and disappointment if efforts do đầu của câu bạn nhé.
not yield immediate results. Moreover, some situations may be practically unchanging, Deleted: effect
such as economic barriers or family obligations, where acceptance can offer a realistic
reprieve from stress. Nevertheless, the pursuit of improvement often encourages a
proactive mindset, leading individuals to build skills and resilience that ultimately
improve their life circumstances over time.

In conclusion, while there is merit in both accepting and improving challenging

situations, the latter approach tends to foster personal growth and long-term well-being.
Although acceptance may be useful in the short term, actively seeking improvement
better prepares individuals to adapt to change and realize their potential. Deleted: s,

TÀI LIỆU DÙNG CHO MỤC ĐÍCH GIÁO DỤC, VUI LÒNG DẪN TÊN VÀ NGUỒN KHI TÁI SỬ DỤNG
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225. Some people think that success in life comes from hard work and
determination, while others think that there are more important factors such as
money and appearance. Discuss both views and give your opinion. Commented [27]: financial conditions

1. Some individuals claim that when it comes to the factors deciding success in life,
hard work and determination play crucial roles. In contrast, others believe that financial
conditions or external appearance may even contribute more to the chance of becoming
successful. Although both views hold merit, I agree more with the former perspective.

2. Some individuals claim that having a strong will and ability to put intensive effort into
personal goals would critically determine whether or not a person can become
successful. Nevertheless, others believe that other elements, such as financial
conditions and external appearance, may play a more important role in success in life.
Although both views hold merit, I agree more with the former perspective.

3. The path to success is often debated, with some attributing it primarily to hard work
and determination, while others emphasize the importance of factors like wealth and
physical appearance. In my opinion, while money and appearance can provide initial
advantages, sustainable success is ultimately driven by resilience, discipline, and an
unwavering commitment to one’s goals.

4. It is often implicitly understood that achieving success is exceptionally challenging,

leading one to question why this is the case and what factors ultimately determine
success. While some argue that qualities like wealth and physical appearance play an
instrumental role, others maintain that determination and hard work are the true
foundations of achievement. In my view, while money and looks may initially help,
sustainable success is primarily achieved through resilience, discipline, and unwavering
commitment to one’s goals.

[Sự thật hiển nhiên, chứng minh khó] On the one hand, many believe that hard work
and determination are the key drivers of success, as these qualities allow individuals to
persist through challenges and continuously improve. When people possess a strong
work ethic and are goal-oriented, they are more likely to seize opportunities and
overcome obstacles that come their way. For example, many successful entrepreneurs
and leaders have achieved their positions not because of initial resources but because
of their tenacity, adaptability, and dedication to personal growth. Furthermore,
individuals who rely on hard work tend to develop valuable skills and experiences that
contribute to long-term achievements and resilience. Thus, hard work and determination
provide a strong foundation for lasting success, independent of external factors. [Đọc
lên vẫn kỳ]

Đặt câu hỏi: người ta ngầm thừa nhận rằng thành công đạt được cực kỳ khó -> vậy câu

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hỏi tại sao?

Thành công được quyết định bởi những điều gì. Mà nếu như quyết tâm và có ý chí sẽ
giúp người ta đạt được. Từ đó kết luận determination và hard work sẽ tăng cơ hội thành
công của con người.

-On the one hand, there are some reasons that explain why determination and hard
work can contribute significantly to the success of people in life. In order to be
successful in life, a person must either possess academic knowledge or practical skills,
which can only be generated if they put enough effort into learning or working. As both
journeys would require multiple attempts that can lead to failures, people who do not
have determination or are not willing to try hard would highly not achieve the final
results. This is why it is true that success in life is decided by hard work and
determination.
-> On the one hand, there are several reasons why determination and hard work
are essential contributors to personal success. To achieve success, individuals
must often develop a robust foundation of either academic knowledge or
practical skills—both of which require sustained effort and dedication to
cultivate. Since these pursuits involve repeated challenges and potential
setbacks, only those with the resilience to persevere through failures are likely to
reach their goals. For instance, anyone aspiring to excel in a field like
engineering, business, or the arts must endure numerous learning curves and put
in long hours of focused work. Without the will to persevere and invest time in
improvement, reaching high levels of success becomes unlikely. This is why
determination and hard work are widely regarded as the true drivers of
achievement in life.
-On the other hand, opponents of the previous view think that money and appearance
play a more important role in helping a person become successful.
+Although there are multiple opportunities to make money through investment, most
channels often require already existing financial resources, which is not accessible to
most people. If a person is fortunately financially capable, they can utilize many
investment opportunities, making them richer and leading them to more successes in
life. -> Although there are numerous channels for earning money through
investments, most require substantial initial capital, which is often out of reach
for many people. However, if someone has the good fortune to be financially well-
off, they can leverage investment opportunities more easily, using their resources
to generate even greater wealth. This financial advantage can create a cycle of
accumulating wealth that leads to new business opportunities, better educational
resources, and access to influential networks, ultimately paving a smoother path
to success than hard work alone could typically provide.

+ Similarly, appearance can significantly impact an individual’s success, often

outweighing the effects of determination and hard work. People with appealing looks are
frequently given more attention, opportunities, and even promotions, as studies have
shown that attractive individuals are perceived more positively in both social and
professional settings. This visual advantage can open doors to high-paying jobs,

TÀI LIỆU DÙNG CHO MỤC ĐÍCH GIÁO DỤC, VUI LÒNG DẪN TÊN VÀ NGUỒN KHI TÁI SỬ DỤNG
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lucrative deals, or even social connections that would otherwise be out of reach. While
determination and effort are important, a well-groomed appearance can give individuals
an edge in gaining visibility and credibility, accelerating their success in ways that may
not be achieved through hard work alone.

=>Financial resources, for example, can open doors to prestigious education, advanced
training, and valuable networking opportunities—advantages that can fast-track success
without the intense effort often associated with self-made achievement. Similarly,
physical appearance can influence how individuals are perceived in social and
professional settings, impacting opportunities in fields like entertainment, sales, or even
corporate leadership, where first impressions hold weight. In these cases, those with
financial privilege or physical appeal may find opportunities more accessible, suggesting
that wealth and appearance can indeed facilitate paths to success that may bypass the
traditional need for hard work and determination.

TÀI LIỆU DÙNG CHO MỤC ĐÍCH GIÁO DỤC, VUI LÒNG DẪN TÊN VÀ NGUỒN KHI TÁI SỬ DỤNG
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226. Some people think that there should be a complete ban on all forms of
advertising. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
While advertising is sometimes criticized for promoting consumerism and fostering
unrealistic standards, I disagree with the idea of a complete ban.

Granted, one might argue that advertising manipulates consumers into purchasing
unnecessary products and perpetuates materialistic values. Critics often highlight how
ads, especially those targeting vulnerable audiences like children, can create unrealistic
desires or foster unhealthy behaviors. However, this line of reasoning is not sound
because it overlooks the role of consumer choice and regulatory frameworks. In many
cases, individuals are capable of making informed decisions, while governments have
introduced measures to curb misleading or harmful advertisements. Instead of outright
banning, stricter regulations on content could strike a balance between consumer
protection and the benefits of advertising.

To add further credence to my assertion, I note that advertising, when responsibly

managed, serves as an essential driver of economic growth and innovation. By
connecting businesses with their target audiences, it fuels competition and encourages
companies to improve their products and services. For instance, startups often rely on
creative advertising campaigns to gain traction in competitive markets, which ultimately
benefits consumers through better options. Additionally, advertising funds many public
resources, such as free websites and social media platforms, making them accessible
to everyone. Completely banning advertising would not only stifle business growth but
also disrupt industries that rely on ad-generated revenue.

In conclusion, while advertising has its certain drawbacks, these can be mitigated
through responsible regulation rather than an outright ban. Its contributions to economic
vitality and public resources are too significant to be dismissed. Therefore, a balanced
approach that addresses its flaws without sacrificing its benefits is the most effective
solution.

TÀI LIỆU DÙNG CHO MỤC ĐÍCH GIÁO DỤC, VUI LÒNG DẪN TÊN VÀ NGUỒN KHI TÁI SỬ DỤNG
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227. Some people think that the main purpose of school is to turn children into
good citizens and workers, rather than to benefit children as individuals. To what
extent do you agree or disagree?

The role of schools has long been a subject of debate, with some arguing that their
primary purpose is to mold/shape children into productive workers and responsible
citizens, rather than to foster their personal development. Although this perspective
highlights the societal value of education, I largely disagree with this view.

Granted, one might argue that schools should prioritize shaping children into good
citizens and skilled workers because this benefits society as a whole. By instilling civic
values and equipping students with job-specific skills, schools contribute to a well-
functioning economy and a harmonious society. However, this line of reasoning is not
sound as it fails to recognize that focusing solely on these societal roles can suppress
individuality, creativity, and emotional well-being – qualities that are equally vital for
societal and personal growth. Without nurturing individuality, the long-term progress of
society itself may be hindered.

To add further credence to my assertion, I note that schools that prioritize benefiting
children as individuals foster a more holistic form of education. By encouraging critical
thinking, emotional intelligence, and self-discovery, such an approach not only prepares
students for diverse career paths but also equips them to lead fulfilling lives. For
example, arts and humanities subjects help children explore their unique interests, while
counseling services support their mental health. When individuals thrive personally, they
contribute more meaningfully to society, which demonstrates that individual
development and societal benefit are not mutually exclusive.

In conclusion, while the argument for turning children into good citizens and workers
has merit, it overlooks the indispensable value of personal growth. Therefore, schools
should aim to strike a balance, ensuring that children grow into responsible members of
society while also flourishing as unique individuals.

TÀI LIỆU DÙNG CHO MỤC ĐÍCH GIÁO DỤC, VUI LÒNG DẪN TÊN VÀ NGUỒN KHI TÁI SỬ DỤNG
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228. In many countries, women are allowed to take maternity leave from their jobs
during the first months after the birth of their baby. Do the advantages outweigh
the disadvantages?

Maternity leave is a widely adopted policy in many countries, granting women the rights
to take care of their newborns during the initial months after childbirth. This essay aims
to argue that the overall benefits of this policy far outweigh its potential drawbacks.

Granted, one might argue that maternity leave can create challenges for employers and
women’s professional growth. They point out that employers often need to bear
additional costs to hire temporary replacements or manage workload redistribution,
potentially affecting business productivity. However, this line of reasoning is not sound
due to the fact that it narrowly focuses on short-term inconveniences while ignoring the
deeper, long-term benefits of maternity leave. By offering women this crucial time,
companies demonstrate their empathy for their employees, which leads them to pledge
their long-term loyalty to the firms. This not only increases job satisfaction but also
enhances employees’ morale and productivity in the long run, making maternity leave
an investment rather than a liability.

To add further credence to my assertion, I note that this policy plays an important role in
promoting family well-being and public health. It has to be acknowledged that giving
birth is an unbearable anguish of mind and body for mothers. As such, providing them
with the essential time to recover physically and mentally from childbirth is critically
necessary while fostering a crucial bond with their newborns during a formative period.
This support has ripple effects, such as reducing some health issues and promoting
healthier development in children, which, in turn, benefit society as a whole.

Of course, I concede that there are potential drawbacks like temporary staffing
challenges and increased costs for employers, which may place a strain on small
businesses. However, these concerns can be thoroughly mitigated by implementing
measures like government-subsidized maternity leave programs or shared responsibility
models where employers and public funds jointly cover the costs. Therefore, I believe
that the drawbacks of maternity leave are far oustripped by the profound benefits for
families, society, and even employers in the long term.

TÀI LIỆU DÙNG CHO MỤC ĐÍCH GIÁO DỤC, VUI LÒNG DẪN TÊN VÀ NGUỒN KHI TÁI SỬ DỤNG
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In conclusion, while maternity leave may pose short-lived challenges for employers and
businesses, its advantages in fostering well-being, enhancing public health, and
securing long-term workforce loyalty significantly outweigh its drawbacks. By addressing
potential issues through government support or shared fundings, maternity leave
becomes not just a compassionate policy but a strategic investment in the future of
society and the economy.

229. Some people say that modern technology has made shopping today easier,
while others disagree. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
In recent years, the rapid advancement of technology has revolutionized various
aspects of life, with shopping being one of the most impacted areas. While some argue
that modern technology has simplified the shopping experience, others believe that it
has introduced new challenges. This essay aims to delve into both views extensively
before presenting my stance.

On the one hand, proponents of modern technology in shopping argue that it has
greatly streamlined the process. They argue that in the past, shopping was a time-
consuming and physically demanding task. Consumers had to visit multiple stores, often
spending hours searching for the right products and comparing prices. However, with
the rise of modern technology, shopping has become significantly more convenient.
Online shopping platforms have replaced the traditional method of browsing physical
stores, enabling consumers to shop from anywhere and at any time. What was once a
chore now takes just a few clicks, with the option for products to be delivered directly to
one’s doors. Therefore, it is understandable for some to say that technology has greatly
enhanced the ease of shopping.

On the other hand, others contend that modern technology has not necessarily made
shopping easier, but has, in some cases, complicated it. The reason for their assertion
is that the sheer volume of online options can be overwhelming, with consumers
struggling to make informed decisions amidst the vast array of products. For example,
the abundance of websites and product listings can make it difficult to choose the best
item among many similar options. In fact, a person browsing for a pair of shoes might
face hundreds of choices, each with different features, prices, and customer reviews.
This often leads to decision fatigue, where the abundance of options causes the
consumer to spend excessive amounts of time researching and re-evaluating their
choices. The effect of this is that shopping, instead of being a quick and simple task,
becomes a prolonged and sometimes stressful experience.

TÀI LIỆU DÙNG CHO MỤC ĐÍCH GIÁO DỤC, VUI LÒNG DẪN TÊN VÀ NGUỒN KHI TÁI SỬ DỤNG
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In conclusion, while technology has indeed made shopping more convenient and
accessible in many ways, it has also introduced new challenges, such as overwhelming
choices. However, I believe the benefits of technological advancements, particularly in
terms of convenience and accessibility, outweigh the drawbacks. Therefore, modern
technology has undeniably made shopping experience easier, despite the potential
issues it brings.
230. Internet technology means people do not need to travel to foreign countries
to understand how others live. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
In recent years, with the advancement of the Internet, people can now access vast
amounts of information from around the world without leaving their homes. Some argue
that this technology has made it unnecessary to travel to foreign nations in order to gain
knowledge of how foreigners live. I disagree with this school of thought for some
reasons that are further discussed in this essay.

Granted, one might argue that Internet technology has significantly reduced the need for
travel to understand other cultures. They point out that with platforms like Youtube,
virtual tours, and social media, individuals can easily explore foreign cultures from their
digital devices. However, this line of reasoning is not sound as it overlooks a key aspect
of cultural understanding - immersion. For example, though one can see pictures of a
traditional Vietnamese tea ceremony online, it is an entirely different experience to
attend in person, feel the atmosphere, and understand the nuances of the practice. This
means that these real-life experiences create a deeper, more personal understanding
that simply cannot be captured through digital media. Thus, while the Internet offers
convenience, it cannot replace the richness of first-hand experience to other cultures.

To add further credence to my disagreement, I note that traveling to foreign countries

not only facilitates cultural understanding but also builds empathy and personal
connections. In many cases, the physical act of engaging with people face-to-face
allows individuals to break down stereotypes and develop a more nuanced perspective
of foreign societies. For instance, a person visiting a rural village in India can learn
about the hardships and aspirations of people they meet. By directly interacting with
locals, and having conversations over shared meals, visitors can have lasting memories
and foster a sense of shared humanity that cannot be replicated online. This human
connection is something that the internet, despite its capabilities, simply cannot offer in
the same way.

In conclusion, while the Internet provides valuable tools for learning about foreign
cultures, it cannot replace the depth of understanding gained from traveling. People
should acknowledge the importance of first-hand experiences, personal interactions,

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and immersion in a culture that can offer a richer, more meaningful comprehension of
how others live. Therefore, I believe that traveling remains an indispensable way of
broadening one’s horizons.

231. Whether or not someone achieves their aims is mostly a question of luck.

To what extent do you agree or disagree? Commented [28]: Overall Band Score 9.0
Task Response 9.0
This essay provides a well-structured and insightful
response to the prompt. The argument is clearly stated
The role of luck in achieving one’s purposes has been a topic of ongoing debate. While and consistently supported with relevant examples.
some argue that success is largely determined by fortunate factors, I disagree with this The discussion is thorough and explores the
complexities of the issue effectively.
view. Coherence & Cohesion 9.0
The essay flows smoothly and logically. Ideas are
Granted, one might argue that luck is a crucial element in achieving success, as it often connected effectively, and the transitions between
paragraphs are seamless. The structure is clear and
creates unexpected opportunities. This is predicated on the assumption that stories of easy to follow.
individuals being in the right place at the right time demonstrate the significance of Lexical Resource 9.0
success, such as an entrepreneur meeting a critical investor by chance or an artist The essay demonstrates a wide range of sophisticated
vocabulary used accurately and appropriately. The
being discovered through a serendipitous encounter. However, this line of reasoning is language is precise and effective in conveying the
not sound due to the fact that luck, at its core, is not entirely random but often intended meaning.
intertwined with preparation and effort. What appears as sheer fortune is frequently the Grammatical Range & Accuracy 9.0
The grammar is impeccable. A wide range of
result of an individual’s persistence in positioning themselves within environments rich grammatical structures is used accurately and flexibly.
with opportunities. For example, an entrepreneur’s networking efforts or an artist’s
Commented [29]: happening or found by chance
decision to consistently share the work online increases their likelihood of encountering
“lucky” breaks. In this sense, luck is not the defining force of success but rather a
byproduct of readiness meeting opportunity.

To add further credence to my assertion, I note that sustained effort, determination, and
strategic planning are the true drivers of achievement. For example, athletes spend
many years training before they ever have the chance to win a major competition, and
students who excel academically do so by consistently applying themselves over time.
These achievements are the result of deliberate actions, not random fortune. In
addition, setbacks - often regarded as bad luck - are frequently navigated and overcome
through resilience and adaptability, traits that luck cannot substitute. Thus, effort
remains the more reliable determinant of success, shaping outcomes far more
effectively than luck.

TÀI LIỆU DÙNG CHO MỤC ĐÍCH GIÁO DỤC, VUI LÒNG DẪN TÊN VÀ NGUỒN KHI TÁI SỬ DỤNG
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In conclusion, while luck may occasionally influence the path to success, it is ultimately
the consistent effort, preparation, and determination of individuals that play the most
critical roles in achieving one’s aims. Luck may open doors, but only those equipped
with the right skills and mindset can walk through them.

232. [Khó] All art needs to be beautiful in order to be valuable. If art is ugly, it is
meaningless.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Art has long been a means of expressing emotions, and perspectives, transcending
boundaries of culture and time. Some argue that art must embody beauty to hold any
value, dismissing works that deviate from traditional aesthetics as meaningless. I
disagree with this viewpoint for some reasons that are further discussed in this essay.

Granted, one might argue that beauty is the essence of art, serving as a universal
language that connects people emotionally. Beautiful art, such as Renaissance
paintings or classical sculptures, often inspires admiration and evokes a sense of
harmony. This is predicated on the assumption that art’s primary role is to please the
senses and uplift the spirits. However, this line of reasoning is not sound [reductive] as it
overlooks art’s capacity to challenge, provoke, and engage audiences on a deeper
level. Many influential works, like Picasso’s Guernica, are intentionally unorthodox and Commented [30]: khác biệt với quy chuẩn
unsettling, yet they remain profoundly meaningful due to their commentary on human Commented [31]: causing change
suffering and political conflict.

To add further credence to my assertion, art’s true worth lies in its ability to
communicate ideas, emotions, and experiences, even when it defies conventional
beauty. Contemporary art often explores themes such as inequality, environmental
degradation, or existential despair - subjects that many not lend themselves to
traditionally “beautiful” representations. Take, for example, the works of Banksy or the
Dada movement; these pieces are celebrated not for their aesthetic appeal but for their
subversive messages and thought-provoking nature. Moreover, labeling art as “ugly”
can be highly subjective, as personal tastes and cultural contexts heavily influence
perceptions of beauty. Thus, the meaning and value of art are intrinsically tied to its
purpose and impact rather that its visual allure alone.

TÀI LIỆU DÙNG CHO MỤC ĐÍCH GIÁO DỤC, VUI LÒNG DẪN TÊN VÀ NGUỒN KHI TÁI SỬ DỤNG
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In conclusion, while beauty can enhance the appeal of art, it is not the sole determinant
of its value. Art that is perceived as “ugly” can be just as meaningful, serving as a
powerful medium for social critique and intellectual engagement. Therefore, it is Commented [32]: phê bình xã hội
essential to recognize that art’s worth is multifaceted, encompassing both aesthetic
qualities and its ability to evoke thought and emotion.

233. [Khó] Many art museums throughout the world are free to the public, so
anyone can walk in and view the art.
Should art museums be free?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of providing free access to art
museums?

While many museums around the world offer free access to the public, this practice
speaks debate about its implications. This essay aims to discuss the advantages and
disadvantages of free access to art museums before arguing that providing free
admission is a recommended action.

One compelling advantage of free access to art museums is the promotion of inclusivity
and cultural appreciation. When museums remove financial barriers, they allow
individuals from all socioeconomic backgrounds to experience art. This democratization
facilitates broader cultural literacy and inspires creativity among the public, especially
among those who might not otherwise afford entry fees. Additionally, free museums can
attract tourists, enhancing a city’s reputation as a cultural hub while stimulating local
economies. For instance, renowned institutions like the British Museum have become
global landmarks due to their accessibility, drawing millions of visitors annually.

However, this is not to say that people should downplay the disadvantages of free
museum. The absence of admission fees can strain museum finances, limiting their
ability to maintain exhibits, acquire new collections, or host special events. This reliance
on external funding - whether through government subsidies or private donations - can
introduce vulnerabilities, as funding levels might fluctuate over time. Moreover, free
museums may experience overcrowding, which can diminish the visitor experience and
potentially lead to wear and tear on exhibits. Critics also argue that charging reasonable
fees can create a sense of value for the art, encouraging more mindful and respectful

TÀI LIỆU DÙNG CHO MỤC ĐÍCH GIÁO DỤC, VUI LÒNG DẪN TÊN VÀ NGUỒN KHI TÁI SỬ DỤNG
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interactions with the exhibits.

In conclusion, while providing free access to art museums promotes inclusivity and
cultural engagement, it also presents challenges related to funding and resource
management. Art museums should prioritize accessibility while maintaining the quality
of their offerings to continue serving as invaluable cultural institutions.

234. The richer you are, the happier you will be.
What is your opinion?

The notion that wealth is equal to happiness has been a subject of significant debate for
years. While it is undeniable that financial resources can address fundamental needs
and elevate living standards, the correlation between wealth and happiness is far from
straightforward. In my opinion, while money contributes to happiness to some extent, it
is neither the sole determinant nor a guarantee of lasting fullfilment.

To a certain degree, wealth plays a crucial role in ensuring happiness by providing

security and opportunities. Financial resources allow individuals to meet basic needs
such as food, shelter, and healthcare, which are essential for physical and emotional
well-being. Beyond necessities, wealth also affords luxuries and experiences, enabling
people to pursue personal interests, travel, and engage in recreational activities that
enhance their quality of life.

However, the assumption that happiness increases proportionally with wealth overlooks
the diminishing returns of material possessions. Once basic needs are met, additional
wealth has a limited impact on overall well-being. Factors such as meaningful
relationships, a sense of purpose, and personal achievements often outweigh material
gains in contributing to long-term happiness. Moreover, an overemphasis on wealth can
lead to stress, competition, and isolation, which in turn detracts from emotional
fullfilment.

In conclusion, while wealth undeniably facilitates a comfortable life and provides

opportunities for happiness, it is the sole determinant of fullfilment. Thus, individuals
should prioritize not only earning money but also nurturing the non-material aspects of
their lives.

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235. Huge companies like Walmart and Amazon are very popular, but they have
put many small, local, or family-run companies out of business.
Why are companies like Amazon so popular?
How can we create balance between big companies and small businesses?

Global giants like Walmat and Amazon dominate the modern marketplace, often at the
expense of smaller, family-run businesses. Their success is driven by their innovative
strategies and consumer-centric approaches, yet this dominance raises concerns about
the survival of local businesses. This essay aims to explore the reasons behind the
popularity of such corporations before proposing measures to strike a balance between
large-scale enterprises and smaller competitors.

The widespread popularity of companies like Amazon and Walmart can be attributed to
their convenience, competitive pricing, and extensive product ranges. These
corporations leverage advanced technology and logistics systems to offer seamless
online shopping experiences, including fast delivery and easy returns. Moreover,
economies of scale enabel them to offer products ar lower prices than local businesses,
appealing to money-conscious consumers.

Achieving equilibrium between corporate giants and local enterprises requires targeted
strategies. Governments can introduce regulations to ensure fair competition, such as
capping market monopolies or offering tax incentives to small businesses. Consumers
also play a vital role by supporting local shops and prioritizing ethical purchasing
decisions. Moreover, small businesses could differentiate themselves by focusing on
personalized services, unique products, or community-oriented initiatives that large
companies often struggle to replicate. By fostering collaboration, such as partnerships
between large and small enterprises, both entities can coexist and thrive.

TÀI LIỆU DÙNG CHO MỤC ĐÍCH GIÁO DỤC, VUI LÒNG DẪN TÊN VÀ NGUỒN KHI TÁI SỬ DỤNG
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In conclusion, the popularity of big companies stems from their ability to meet consumer
demands efficiently and cost-effectively. A combination of regulatory support, consumer
awareness, and innovation among small enterprises can help create a more balanced
marketplace that benefits all stakeholders.

236. Tipping is a common practice at restaurants in many countries. Some people

believe tipping is a great way to show service workers you appreciate them, while
others believe it should be the responsibility of the boss or company to pay their
workers.
Discuss both sides and give your opinion.

Tipping has become a customary practice in restaurants worldwide, sparking debates

about its role in compensating service workers. While some argue it serves as a
personal way to express gratitude for exceptional service, others contend that ensuring
fair wages should be the employer's responsibility. This essay will discuss both
perspectives and provide my own opinion.

On the one hand, proponents of tipping view it as an effective way to acknowledge and
reward service workers for their dedication. It empowers customers to directly
incentivize exceptional service, fostering motivation and job satisfaction among staff.
Additionally, tipping can help workers supplement their income, particularly in industries
where base pay tends to be low. For example, in many countries, restaurant staff rely
heavily on tips to make ends meet, and this system has become ingrained in dining
culture.

On the other hand, critics of tipping believe that ensuring fair compensation should rest
solely on employers. They argue that tipping perpetuates a flawed system where
workers are underpaid and forced to rely on unpredictable income. Instead, companies
should pay their employees a livable wage, allowing them to focus on providing
consistent service without worrying about financial instability. Moreover, eliminating
tipping could lead to a more equitable workplace, as all staff members, including those
working behind the scenes, would receive fair compensation.

TÀI LIỆU DÙNG CHO MỤC ĐÍCH GIÁO DỤC, VUI LÒNG DẪN TÊN VÀ NGUỒN KHI TÁI SỬ DỤNG
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In conclusion, while tipping is a meaningful way for customers to show appreciation, it

places an undue burden on service workers to rely on inconsistent income. Employers
should prioritize paying fair wages to create a stable and equitable working
environment.

237. A person’s personality is genetic – if everyone in their family is kind, they

will also be kind. There is nothing we can do to meaningfully change our
personalities or modify our dispositions.
What do you think?

The idea that personality is solely determined by genetics, leaving no room for
meaningful change, is a contentious one. While it is true that certain traits are inherited
and familial patterns of kindness or other qualities may be observable, to assert that
personalities are unchangeable ignores the complexity of human development. This
essay will argue that while genetics play a role, external factors and conscious efforts
can significantly influence and reshape an individual's personality.

Granted, proponents of genetic determinism point out that many aspects of personality,
such as temperament, are biologically rooted. Studies on twins, for instance, often
reveal striking similarities in traits like extroversion and conscientiousness, even when
the twins are raised apart. This is predicated on the assumption that genetic
predispositions strongly influence behavioral tendencies. However, this line of reasoning
oversimplifies the interaction between nature and nurture. Genetic predispositions
provide a framework, but environmental stimuli, life experiences, and personal choices
build upon and shape this foundation. Therefore, equating inherited kindness or other
traits to a rigid blueprint of personality overlooks the adaptive nature of human behavior.

To add further credence to my assertion, I note that environmental factors and

intentional efforts have a profound impact on personality development. For example, an
individual raised in a compassionate and supportive family environment may develop a
kind disposition, but exposure to adversity or different social norms can either reinforce
or diminish this quality. Moreover, people are capable of modifying their dispositions

TÀI LIỆU DÙNG CHO MỤC ĐÍCH GIÁO DỤC, VUI LÒNG DẪN TÊN VÀ NGUỒN KHI TÁI SỬ DỤNG
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through self-awareness and deliberate action. Psychological interventions, education,

and introspection have been shown to encourage traits such as empathy, resilience,
and open-mindedness, challenging the notion that personalities are immutable. The
concept of neuroplasticity further supports this, highlighting the brain's capacity to adapt
and rewire itself in response to new experiences.

In conclusion, while genetics undeniably influence personality traits, they do not entirely
dictate them. Life experiences, social environments, and conscious efforts play an
equally critical role in shaping and transforming an individual’s character.

238. [Difficult+] Personal information is shared readily online, and it is easily

accessible, as nothing shared online is truly private.
What are some possible problems that could arise due to privacy issues online?
What are some solutions to these problems?

The advent of the internet has revolutionized communication and information sharing,
but it has also made personal information readily available and vulnerable to misuse. As
nothing shared online is entirely private, privacy issues have become a significant
concern. This essay will discuss the potential problems stemming from online privacy
breaches and propose viable solutions to address these challenges.

The widespread sharing of personal information online poses several risks. One major
concern is identity theft, where malicious actors exploit sensitive data like names,
addresses, and financial details to impersonate individuals, often leading to financial
loss and reputational damage. For instance, cybercriminals can use stolen information
to open fraudulent bank accounts or apply for credit in someone else's name. Another
pressing issue is the erosion of personal autonomy. Social media platforms and
corporations often collect and analyze user data without explicit consent, tailoring
advertisements or influencing decision-making through behavioral profiling. This
invasion of privacy can create a sense of vulnerability and loss of control. Furthermore,
data breaches can have severe societal consequences, such as the manipulation of
political opinions through targeted disinformation campaigns, which undermine
democratic processes.

Addressing online privacy issues requires a combination of regulatory, technological,

and individual measures. One solution lies in enforcing stricter data protection laws,

TÀI LIỆU DÙNG CHO MỤC ĐÍCH GIÁO DỤC, VUI LÒNG DẪN TÊN VÀ NGUỒN KHI TÁI SỬ DỤNG
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such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the European Union, which
mandates transparency in data collection and grants users greater control over their
information. These frameworks should be adopted globally to create a standardized
approach to online privacy. Another solution is to invest in cybersecurity technologies,
such as encryption and blockchain systems, to safeguard sensitive data from
unauthorized access. Ultimately, educating individuals about safe online practices, like
creating strong passwords and avoiding oversharing, is crucial.

In conclusion, the sharing of personal information online exposes individuals and

society to significant risks, including identity theft, loss of autonomy, and societal
manipulation. Taking all pertinent factors into account, a combination of proactive
strategies is essential to minimize the risks associated with online privacy.

239. [Difficult ++] The legalization of marijuana is a hot topic in many countries Commented [33]: cần sa
around the world. Proponents argue that it should be legalized because it is less
harmful than other drugs that are legal, such as cigarettes and alcohol.
Opponents argue that it should remain illegal due to the risks involved.
Discuss both sides and give your opinion.

The debate surrounding the legalization of marijuana remains contentious, with

proponents advocating for its legalization due to its perceived lesser harm compared to
legal substances like alcohol and cigarettes, while opponents express concerns about
the associated risks. This essay will discuss both perspectives before presenting my
stance on this issue.

Advocates of marijuana legalization highlight several benefits, primarily its comparative

safety. Research often points out that marijuana is less addictive and less damaging to
physical health than alcohol and cigarettes, substances that are widely accepted in
society. Legalizing marijuana could also serve as a powerful tool in reducing criminal
activities associated with the illegal drug trade. By regulating its production and
distribution, governments can undermine illicit markets while generating significant tax
revenue to fund public services. Moreover, legalizing marijuana may facilitate its use for
medicinal purposes, providing relief to individuals suffering from chronic pain, epilepsy,
or anxiety.

Opponents of legalization emphasize the risks involved, particularly the potential for
abuse and dependency. Despite its relatively lower risk compared to alcohol or
cigarettes, marijuana use can lead to impaired cognitive function, especially in younger

TÀI LIỆU DÙNG CHO MỤC ĐÍCH GIÁO DỤC, VUI LÒNG DẪN TÊN VÀ NGUỒN KHI TÁI SỬ DỤNG
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individuals, whose brains are still developing. This could translate into long-term societal
costs, such as reduced productivity and increased healthcare expenses. Additionally,
the normalization of marijuana might serve as a gateway to more harmful substances,
exacerbating drug dependency issues.

In conclusion, the legalization of marijuana presents compelling arguments on both

sides. While its relative safety, potential medicinal benefits, and economic advantages
are notable, concerns about abuse, societal costs, and enforcement complexities
cannot be ignored.

Taking all pertinent factors into account, I believe that marijuana legalization should
proceed cautiously, with robust regulatory frameworks to mitigate associated risks while
capitalizing on its potential benefits.

TÀI LIỆU DÙNG CHO MỤC ĐÍCH GIÁO DỤC, VUI LÒNG DẪN TÊN VÀ NGUỒN KHI TÁI SỬ DỤNG