UNIT 5: CRISIS, CONFLICT, AND REACTION IN THE

LATE 18TH-CENTURY
Study Guide
BIG PICTURE IDEAS
#1. European involvement in the Indian and Oceans accelerated a worldwide economic network. Britain
supplanted as the strongest European power.
#2. Enlightenment ideals of free speech and political sovereignty culminated in the , which initially
created a constitutional monarchy, but quickly turned radical during the “ .”
#3. seized power in the aftermath of the French Revolution. His attempt to expand his French Empire
by conquering Europe led to a widespread increase of from other countries.
#4. In order to restore the balance of power in Europe after the Napoleonic Wars, called for a meeting to
contain the danger of nationalistic upheavals known as the .
#5. In response to the Enlightenment’s focus on rationalism and reason, the movement emerged, which
put an emphasis on and feeling.

KEY Seven Years’ War Jacobins Concordat of 1801 MAIN Jean-Paul Marat Edmund Burke
Committee of Public National Assembly Civil Code of 1804 Louis XVI (16th) Napoleon
VOCAB CHARACTERS
Safety The Directory Continental System Maximilian Bonaparte
Liberal phase of F. Rev Reign of Terror Treaty of Fontainebleau Robespierre Jacques-Louis
Declaration of the Rights de-Christianization Battle of Waterloo Olympe David
of Man and of the Citizen Women’s March on Congress of Vienna de Gouges Klemens von
Estates (1st, 2nd, and 3rd) Versailles “Balance of power” Toussaint Metternich
Girondin Haitian Revolution Romanticism L’Ouverture John Wesley

◾THE RISE OF GLOBAL MARKETS AND BRITAIN’S ASCENDANCY

1. Portuguese, Dutch, French, and British rivalries in Asia culminated in British domination in and Dutch control of
the .
2. The Seven Years’ War, known as the in the Americas, was a global conflict that centered on the
rivalry between and .
3. Identify one economic and one political cause of the Seven Years’ War.
Economic Cause Political Cause

4. Use this map to describe two political effects of the Seven Years’ War.

◾THE FRENCH REVOLUTION

5. Describe two ways that the American Revolution paved the way for the French Revolution.

6. Prior to the French Revolution, there were three social classes, called Estates: the First Estate consisted of , the
Second Estate consisted of , and the Third Estate consisted of .
7. Explain how this image represents social and political grievances leading up to the French Revolution.

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UNIT 5: CRISIS, CONFLICT, AND REACTION IN THE
LATE 18TH-CENTURY
Study Guide
◾THE FRENCH REVOLUTION (continued)
8. During the Tennis Court Oath, the Third Estate formed the and agreed that they will not stop meeting until
they write a constitution; later, Lafayette presented them with the Declaration of the Rights of .
9. Identify two effects of the first (liberal) phase of the French Revolution.

10. What did the Women’s March on Versailles accomplish?

11. After the establishment of the constitutional monarchy, the French Revolution entered its “radical” phase, and two groups emerge: the
radical , led by Robespierre, versus the more moderate .
12. Describe the role of Jean-Paul Marat’s newspaper L'ami du Peuple in the French Revolution.

13. A new conscription law called was passed in order to support the wars against Austria and Prussia and
to bring the changes initiated in France to the rest of Europe.
14. Identify the purpose of the Committee of Public Safety.

15. Why does Robespierre reinstitute censorship?

16. Explain why Jacques-Renee Hebert institutes “de-Christianization” in France.

◾THE FRENCH REVOLUTION’S EFFECTS

17. Describe two reasons that Edmund Burke critiqued the French Revolution.

18. Fill in the blanks for the timeline below.

1794 The convention in France abolished slavery in France’s colonies
The French colony (Haiti) wrote its own constitution and followed in the French Revolution’s
1801
slogan “ “ by declaring that all men are free.
The new leader of France, napoleon , restored slavery in Haiti and sent an army to quell the Haitian
1802
uprising led by .
Haitian forces, with the help of the disease , won their fight against the French, and Haiti
1804
became an independent .
19. Identify two effects of the successful Haitian Revolution on France.

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UNIT 5: CRISIS, CONFLICT, AND REACTION IN THE
LATE 18TH-CENTURY
Study Guide
◾NAPOLEON’S RISE, DOMINANCE, AND DEFEAT
20. Referencing the Directory, explain how Napoleon came to power.
In november of 1799 napolean alongside coconspirators participated in a coup to overthrow the directory which
led to him being named first consul in december od the same year.

21. Identify two major accomplishments of the Civil Code of 1804.

Provided equality of all citizens under the law and freedom of religion. Abolished serfdom and feudalism

22. Explain how Napoleon consolidated his rule.

He rewarded merit and talent but often chose friends, people loyal to him, or associates that married into his
family for high positions. He censored press and created a secret police to enforce his policies.

23. Describe how Napoleon treated each of the following.

Women The Catholic Church Peasants
Women wre dependents of their father. Provided equality of all citizens. Abolished serfdom and feudalism.
or husbands. Divorce was made more under the law and freedom of religion Protected private property.
difficult for women. The goncordat with the catholic
church caused the church to remain
under state control but recognize
religious freedom for catholics

24. Using this map, explain how European countries responded to Napoleon’s growing power in the 1800s (1808-1812).

He influenced nationalism in other states

25. What was the impact of Napoleon’s invasion of Russia in 1812?

Many of his troops died because of czar alexander I ordering a retreat and using a scoched earth policy.

26. Explain two ways in which the Napoleonic Wars impacted countries or colonies in the Americas.

27. After Napoleon was exiled, France restored the monarchy by crowning someone . Napoleon escaped his exile and
returned to Europe during his “Hundred Days,” but was ultimately defeated at the Battle of waterloo in 1815 .

◾THE CONGRESS OF VIENNA

28. Why was there a wave of conservatism in Europe after the Napoleonic Wars?

29. After Napoleon’s second exile, Klemens von called for a meeting of European leaders at the
.
30. Using this map, explain the purpose of the above meeting.

31. The Holy Alliance was a coalition linking the three monarchical powers of Austria, , and .
32. Explain how the Carlsbad Decrees (1819) inhibited Germany’s unification.

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UNIT 5: CRISIS, CONFLICT, AND REACTION IN THE
LATE 18TH-CENTURY
Study Guide
◾ ROMANTICISM
33. Explain the context in which the Romantic movement emerged.

34. Whereas the focus of the Enlightenment was on and reason, the Romantic movement focused on .
35. Describe why the Romantic movement corresponded with religious revival in Europe.

36. How does de la Croix’s Liberty Leading the People exemplify romanticism?

37. Identify a difference between the painting above and another Romantic painting, Friedrich’s Wanderer Above the Sea of Fog.

SAQ PRACTICE a.

“At the end of the 1700s two great revolutionary forces enormously increased the intensity of events. The two forces were these:
On one hand the French nation had reached intellectual maturity, and on the other the French bourgeoisie had reached social
maturity. French thought desired to apply its methods of analysis and deduction to all of reality, to society as well as nature. The
French bourgeoisie had become conscious of its power, its wealth, its rights, and of its near-infinite possibilities of development. In
a word, the bourgeoisie had attained class consciousness.”
- Jean Jaures, French politician, history of the French Revolution published in a series of articles between 1901 and 1904
Use the excerpt to answer the following.
38. Describe the broader historical context that led to the events described in the passage.

39. Explain one effect of the events described in the passage.

40. Describe one piece of outside evidence that would negate the author’s argument.

ESSAY PRACTICE
Prompt: Evaluate the most significant impact of Napoleon’s reign of France from 1799-1815.
41. Write a thesis statement for the prompt.

42. Describe one piece of evidence you could use to support your thesis.

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