Digital Imaging Lab

1.Designing a Visiting card

AIM: Designing a Visiting card

Description:
Once you have your logo, brand color scheme, and a good idea of what you want
your card to say about you, you’re ready to start. Just follow the 8 steps below to
determine which business card design would work best for you.
1. Choose your shape
The printing technique of die-cutting allows you to cut out any shape you want
and still print in bulk. On the conservative end of the spectrum, you could simply
round the corners for a friendlier business card. But if you really want to be playful
or stand-out, you can use virtually any shape: animal mascots, outlines of products
your sell, or a shape that’s wholly original.
2. Choose your size
Your next decision is the size of the card. This mostly depends on the standard of
the country, so that’s a good place to start. Even if you plan to stand out, you have
to know what everyone else is doing to go against it.
 North American Standard: 3.5 × 2 in. (88.9 × 50.8 mm)
 European Standard: 3.346 × 2.165 in. (85 × 55 mm)
 Oceania Standard: 3.54 × 2.165 in. (90 × 55 mm)
No matter the size, you always want to consider three factors when designing:
 Bleed area: the outermost part of the card likely to be removed.
 Trim line: the target line for cutting cards.
 Safety line: anything outside this line is subject to cutting mistakes. Don’t let
essential elements like text or logos fall outside this line.
3. Add your logo and other graphics
Your logo should take center stage on your business card, although other flourishes
and secondary graphics can sometimes be useful as well. Don’t forget that you
have two sides at your disposal. One strategy is to dedicate one side of the business
card exclusively to the logo, while the other side showcases the contact
information of the person
4. Add necessary text

Name – A given. Every card needs a name.

Company name – Another given, except for personal brands, in which case your
personal name is your company name.
Job title – For traditional cards, include your job title. This also helps remind the
holder of who you are, what you do, and even how your met.

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Phone number – Even if phone is not your preferred method of communication, it

is to some people.
Email – A business card staple; email is the new norm for non-urgent business
communications, partially because it allows sending documents as attachments.
Website URL – Including your site URL is a non-aggressive invitation for visits.
Social media – If social media is relevant to your field, or you just want to show a
bit of your personality, include social media links.
Address – Necessary for drawing customers into your office or store location.
QR code – While not as popular as years past, a QR code is still a viable shortcut
to transferring whatever data you desire. Read about all the advantages of using
a QR code here.
Slogan – Completely optional, a slogan helps with brand identity and adds a little
personality.
5. Choose your typography
Size. To maintain readability, you want all your text to be at least 8 pts. However,
you want your most important elements (like your name) to stand out, so feel free
to vary the text sizes. Also consider empty space—you don’t want to clutter your
card, so leave your text small enough that there’s plenty of breathing room around
each element.
Font. We’ve already spoken at length about fonts and how they influence your
brand identity, so feel free to check out The 5 types of fonts and how to use
them for a more in-depth treatment. Just remember to choose a font that represents
the personality you’re going for. A clean and modern sans-serif, an individualistic
and elegant script or a classic and timeless serif font? Below are some examples of
what different font styles bring to the table.
Color. Here’s where a pre-existing brand color scheme comes in handy. Staying
on-brand, choose text colors that go well with the background color of your card,
which should also be a brand color. Similar colors may look nice together but can
be hard to read, so experiment with contrasts for legibility.
6. Consider special finishes:
Embossing. This technique creates three-dimensional reliefs, making certain areas
“pop out.” Like spot UV coating, you can use it to draw attention to specific
aspects of your card, even words.
Letterpressing. Rather than raising the paper, letterpress printing pushes the paper
down while inking it. The result is something like an engravement, typically with
special ink to draw further attention. Especially useful for letters, giving your
words a heightened gravitas.
Foil stamping. If you want something shiny and reflective like tin foil, you can
apply foil stamping to images or even just parts of images. This also works for
accenting text, if you’ve chosen a bold enough typeface.
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Spot UV coating you can apply a gloss on only your logo, specific graphics, or
even a word or phrase. Use it when you want to accent certain areas over others,
but be mindful of how it affects the overall composition when only a portion is
shiny.
7. Finalize your design
With all the elements in place and an accurate prediction of your final color
choices and special finishes, you can reevaluate your design to make sure
everything works.

2.Design Cover page of a book

AIM: To Design Cover page of a book

Description:

Step1. Understand the elements of a cover

A book cover has three mandatory parts: the front cover and the back cover,
connected by the spine. A paperback book’s pages are glued together with a paper
cover and then cut to size. A hardback book’s pages are sewn or glued into a
“case” made of cardboard which is then covered with cloth or paper. The paper
cover wraps around the book and includes flaps on either side.
Step2. Research the market
genre sells better in paperback while literary fiction, thrillers and biographies sell
well in hardcover. If it’s a book a reader might take on a plane or to the beach, it
needs to be a paperback. Libraries prefer hardcovers. Keep price point in mind:
don’t design a $34.00 hardback for a Young Adult title (which tend to be priced
around $12 and max out at $17.99).
Step3.Choose a design direction
it’s important to consider what your design direction will be and how it will fit the
author’s vision of her book. There are lots of beautiful books out there—but not all
designs will work for every book. Consider input from the author or publisher.
Make a Pinterest board of comparable titles with successful covers and book
packages. Go to your local bookstore and handle books to get a feeling for the
different paper thicknesses and materials. Make notes about what you like and
don’t like—that information could prove useful way later in the design process if
you hit a wall.
Step4. Figure out what the design needs to emphasize
What’s the most important element of the story—the thing that makes it unique—
that will help a reader select the book? Is it a character in the book? The style of
writing? The setting where the book takes place or topic in history it covers? If the

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book is similar to a hugely successful blockbuster, think about ways you can subtly
evoke that title without creating a cheap copy.
Step5. Choose graphics and fonts
The downside of this is that narrowing down a style can be a challenge. Book
covers can feature a photograph, illustration or abstract design. They can feature
everything from cartoonish doodles to stark, modern typography.
Consider what message the graphic style sends to a book-buyer’s brain. A
photograph of New York City shouldn’t be used for a book not set in New York.
Soft typefaces and natural settings are often used in women’s fiction while vintage
photographs imply a historical setting.
Step6. Collect feedback
The more sets of eyes you get on the design, the more you’ll be able to evaluate
whether a cover is sending the right message to broad swath of people. Start with
your own judgement and then move to the author. From there, let outsiders sample
the cover free of context.
Step7. Know what the printer needs
The final file for a book project will be one flat file that has all the pertinent
graphic and text information for the front and back covers, spine, and flaps (if your
project has them). The printer will want this as one wide file that they can print and
either cut or fold to fit the final book. Most printers prefer high-quality PDFs but
others take .ai or .eps. All colors must be CMYK for printing. Printers will want
the cover file to be full bleed, meaning all images or elements extending beyond
the trim line and leaving no white margin. Every printer is different, so while there
are industry standards (.125-.25 inch on each side), it’s best to communicate
directly with the printer to make sure your file is set up perfectly.

3.Explain Designing Steps for passport size photo

AIM:To Design a passport size photo

Step 1. Take Picture And Copy It To Your Computer

Obviously, your head, shoulders and upper chest have to be in the frame (it’s okay
if the photo shows you at full height – we’ll have it cropped). Also, keep your
hairdo neat for the photo: this will save you some time later.
Step 2. Open Your Image In Photoshop
Lauch Photoshop on your PC. Then go to File > New and select the photo you
want to retouch (or just drag and drop the file).

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Step 3: Use Crop Tool

If your passport picture shows below your upper chest and far above your head,
you need to cut it. With the crop tool selected (it’s in the toolbar on your left),
pick Ratio in the drop-down menu above and set the proportions to 35 and 45.
Once you set up each crop bar option, adjust the crop frame in such a way that
your head takes up most of the picture.
Step 4: Set Right Size
Go to Image > Size. Set the units for width and height at millimetres, and
resolution at pixels/inch. A compliant photo for a British passport must be 35 mm
wide and 45 mm high, so unpair the width and height fields (click on the chain
icon) and enter the numbers. Also, set the resolution to 300 ppi, then click OK.
Step 5: Remove Background
Select Magic Wand. If you can’t find it in the toolbar, press Ctrl+F and type the
name in. Use this tool to highlight the background. Once you’ve selected the entire
backdrop, press Delete. In the window that just came up, click
on the Contents field, select Color… and pick light grey (it’s the officially
approved colour; don’t use plain white background!). In the
fields Mode and Opacity, choose Normal and 100% respectively. Hit OK, and
you’ll see everything you selected turn nice and compliant grey! You can use the
brush tool of the same colour to paint any spots you might’ve missed
Step 6: Create Printable Template
Now go to File > New. Photoshop will open the window titled New Document.
Here, choose the Photo tab, pick the canvas size preset named Landscape, 6 x 4
or Portrait, 6 x 4 and hit Create.Go back to the tab with your photo in it.
Press Ctrl + A to select the entire picture, then Ctrl + C to copy it. Switch to the
new tab and press Ctrl + V to paste the passport image here. Paste 2-4 images and
adjust them to make some distance in between (drag by using the move tool; no
border required). After all, it’s your future printout: you should be able to cut out
multiple passport photos easily.
Step 7: Export Resulting Image
Go to File > Export > Export As… In the following window, choose
the JPG format. Also, we recommend moving the slider to the rightmost position
to get the best image quality. Without changing any other settings,
click Export and save the JPG anywhere on your hard drive.That’s it, the software
part is done! Once you’ve managed to photoshop passport photo, all that’s left is
printing. Copy the image on your flash drive and take it to the place that can print
it on photo paper.

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4. Design a Pamphlet

AIM : TO Design a Pamphlet

Description:

1. Create your content

Start mapping out the content for each section of your template. For a bifold, you’ll
need four sections—two outer, two inner—and for a trifold, you’ll need six
sections—three outer, three inner.
Typical pamphlet content includes:
 Headline
 Main copy
 Images, graphics, icons, or charts
 Contact information
 Call to action
2. Choose your layout
Venngage makes it easy to find the perfect layout for your pamphlet. You can
choose your favorite design from the templates library in the platform. After you
decide on your pamphlet template, now is a good time to choose your page size.
(Did you know? When you resize your design, Venngage will automatically scale
the content).

3. Customize your design

Input your content into the template.

Continue customizing your design by selecting from Venngage’s collection of

striking font styles, which can add a lot of personality to your pamphlet. With your
audience in mind, choose from the color palette options on the platform. You can
also use gradients and patterns to give depth to your image.

You can easily add your branding to your pamphlet using Venngage’s My Brand
Kit, which applies your brand colors to your entire design instantly. You can also
add in your logo easily too.

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4. Review and print

Review your layout to make sure your visuals look just right, and check for
spelling and typos. It’s much easier to catch a mistake now than after you’ve sent
your materials to the printer.

You can create a digital version easily by exporting to PNG, PNG HD or PDF, but
since they’re designed to be folded, pamphlets work best when printed out. Print
yours at home, or share your digital file with a printer.

5. How to Design a Brochure

Aim: Design a Brochure

Description:
In order to create a unique brochure about your business, you’re going to need
some content. So before you get started, create a folder where you’ll have these
essential to hand:
Logo: If you have a logo, you’ll want the highest resolution version so it comes
out well in print.
Images: Select a few of the best photos of your products and services; and maybe
even one of yourself or your team. Again, make sure they’re high quality.
Copy (text): Your message is important, so spend a little time drafting what you
want to say in advance – you’ll be able to make tweaks later. Your copy should
include these basics:
 Intro/About us – A company brochure is an opportunity to say more about who
you are and what you stand for – whether that’s reliability, personal service or
quality products. Try to focus on one or two key messages.
 Product/Service info – Prepare all your essential info about what your business
offers. It helps to split it up into categories, so it’s easier to scan and digest.
 Contact details – Tell customers how to get in touch and include your working
hours.

Step to Create a brochure:

1. Pick your format

Look at your content and think about the purpose of your brochure, in order to
decide whether bi-fold or tri-fold will work best for you. If you’re creating a menu
or want to feature a lot of detailed information, tri-fold could be a good choice;

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whereas if you want to include large prominent imagery, a bi-fold might give you
more space.

2. Select a design template

There are many professional brochure templates available. You can filter by your
industry, then choose your colours or upload your logo to find a matching colour
palette. Stick to one or two main colours for a clean look.

3. Lay out your content

Once you’ve got your template, you can start filling it with your content, editing as
you go. Use headings to break up your text and ideally stick to just one or two
fonts so it’s easy to read. Take some time to move things around and try different
options.

4. Choose your paper & finish

When you’re happy with your layout and look, choose the paper stock that best fits
the style of your brochure – keeping in mind how you’re going to use it. Menus
should be sturdy if you hope to reuse them multiple times, glossy works well for
vibrant colours and large photos.

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6.Titles designing

AIM: to Design Titles.

Description:

01. Centre align your titles greatest impactTitles are meant to stand out! Make
them a central focus by aligning them in the centre of your composition.
This works well with background images that aren’t too busy. For example, see the
clear ocean setting below.

02. Align to the right

Take advantage of copy space in your images and align your title to the right. Try
adding a line underneath your title or subtitle to create emphasis.

03. Align to the left

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Tailor your title to your image copy space. Using a thick and thin font together can
also help your title jump off the page.

04. Use letter spacing to line up your title and subtitle

Use letter spacing to line up your title and subtitle text.

The letter spacing on the line ‘Botanica Experts’ has been increased to line up with
‘Feature’. Also try using a color from your background image to make your title
text pop.

05. Match line width by increasing your title size

Another way to make lines of your text line up is to increase the size of a particular
word.

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The size of ‘Automotive’ has been increased to match the subtitle of this graphic.
This also helps create typographic hierarchy, which draws the viewers attention to
the largest word first

7.Explain Black & white and color photo conversion

Color photography is indispensable when colors and shades, or hues, in your

image are distinctive and vivid, allowing you to see even the most intricate details.
Black and white photography is the better option when you want to focus on the
subject and the textures in an image without being distracted by colors. Black and
white effects can help bring out the drama in your images.

To easily convert a color image to black and white with the Black & White
adjustment layer in Photoshop, follow the quick steps below:

1. Convert your image to black and white with the Black & White adjustment
layer

To access the Black & White adjustment layer, do one of the following:
 Select Window > Adjustments. Click the Black & White icon ( ) in
the Adjustments panel that opens.
 Choose Layer > New Adjustment Layer > Black & White. In the New
Layer dialog box, type a name for the adjustment layer and then click OK.

Photoshop applies a default grayscale conversion to your image.

(Optional) Fine tune your results in the Properties panel

Black & White adjustment layer properties

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Preset: Select a predefined grayscale mix or a previously saved Custom mix. To

save your custom mix, click the properties menu ( ) icon and select Save Black
& White Preset.

Auto: Sets a grayscale mix based on the color values of your image. The Auto mix
often produces excellent results or can be used as the starting point for tweaking
gray values using the color sliders.

Tint: To apply a color tone, enable Tint. Click the color swatch to open the Color
Picker and select the tint color.

Color sliders: Adjust the gray tones of specific color in your image. Drag a slider
left to darken or right to lighten the gray tones corresponding to the original color
of the image.

 To adjust colors directly on the canvas, use the On-image adjustment tool (
). Click on the image and drag left (darken) or right (lighten) to modify the color
slider for the corresponding color(s) at that location.
 Click the Reset ( ) icon to reset the adjustment defaults.
Save and share your results
Once you are happy with your black and white transformation, save and share your

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results in the Adobe Photoshop community and on social media. Don't forget to tag
Adobe Photoshop and hashtag your image with #blackandwhitephotoshop.

8. Image size modification

AIM: To modify Image Size(Enlarge)

Description:

Enlarge an Image
Step1: go to File > Open and select an image

You may right-click and save the tiger image below to use it as a practice image.

Step2. Go to Image > Image Size

Step3. An Image Size dialog box will appear like the one pictured below.

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Step4. Enter new pixel dimensions, document size, or resolution.

The original image was 10" x 6.667". Lets say we wanted to enlarge this image to a
12" x 8" so that it can easily be printed and framed. We want to keep the 300
resolution, so all we need to do is type in new pixel or document dimensions. In
this example, we increased the document width from 10" to 12" and the height
from 6.667" to 8".

Step5. Select Resampling Method

Before hitting OK, we will want to select our resampling method. What does this
mean? Basically, Photoshop will have to create new pixel information in order to
enlarge the image. By selecting bicubic smaller, we are telling Photoshop to
interpolate (or create new pixel information) that will produce the best results
when enlarging images.

Bicubic (best for smooth gradients) - Very precise method that calculates the
averages of surrounding pixels.
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Bicubic Smoother (best for enlargements) - Based off of Bicubic sampling and
works best when enlarging images that have high image noise. Images will look
smoother or more soft with this method.

Step6. Click OK to accept the changes.

Congratulations! You have now successfully changed the size of your image!
In this example, we enlarged our image by increasing the document size from 10"
x 6.667" to 12" x 8" Also note that the pixel dimensions changed from 3000 x 2000
to 3600 x 24000. Finally, notice that our image size started as 17.2M (megabyte)
and increased to 24.7M with the enlargement.

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9.Background changes

AIM: Changing Background to an image.

Description:

Step 1 - Photograph your subject on a white surface or against a while wall. You
will get the best results if you ensure there is a good contrast between your subject
matter and the white backdrop.

Step 2 - Edit your image in the app or software of your choice and get the
backdrop as close to white as you can. Crop it to how you would like the finished
image size and proportions to look as this will form the base of your image.

Step 3 - Open your image in Photoshop Mix and hold your finger down on the
layer icon and select duplicate to add the same image again over the top.

Step 4 - On the top layer, use the cut out tool to select the foreground of your
image. It is important that you don’t select the shadows here and only select the
subject matter itself.

Step 5 - If you have soft or complex edges you can use the refine tool to help you
seperate it from the background as best you can.

Step 6 - Now that you have cut out your item it’s time to add your backdrop. You
can create a new layer and import the photo or image you would like to use.

Step 7 - Hold your finger down on the layer thumbnails to change the order of
them. Layer your background image to the back and select your duplicate image
that hasn’t been cut out yet and layer it next with the cutout on top.

Step 8 - Select your duplicate image and set the blend mode to ‘Multiply’ this will
blend the image on top of your backdrop and apply the shadows for the most
natural looking results.

Step 9 - With the new background in place you may discover a couple pieces of
your background that didn’t get cut out. The darker your back drop the more
obvious the edges may be but you can go back and refine your cutout any time.

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Step 10 - Once you are happy with your cut out and background selection you can
export and save your image and you are done!0

10.Filter effects

AIM: discussing about Filter Effects.

Description:

Artistic filters

Filters from the Artistic submenu help you achieve painterly and artistic effects for
a fine arts or commercial project. For example, use the Cutout filter for collages or
typography. These filters replicate natural or traditional media effects. All the
Artistic filters can be applied through the Filter Gallery.
Colored Pencil
Draws an image using colored pencils on a solid background. Edges are retained
and given a rough crosshatch appearance; the solid background color shows
through the smoother areas.
Cutout
Makes an image appear as though it were constructed from roughly cut pieces of
colored paper. High-contrast images appear as if in silhouette, and colored images
are built up from several layers of colored paper.
Dry Brush
Paints the edges of the image using a dry brush technique (between oil and
watercolor). The filter simplifies an image by reducing its range of colors to areas
of common color.
Film Grain
Applies an even pattern to the shadow tones and midtones. A smoother, more
saturated pattern is added to the lighter areas. This filter is useful for eliminating
banding in blends and visually unifying elements from various sources.
Blur filters
The Blur filters soften a selection or an entire image, and are useful for retouching.
They smooth transitions by averaging the pixels next to the hard edges of defined
lines and shaded areas in an image.

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Average
Finds the average color of an image or selection, and then fills the image or
selection with the color to create a smooth look. For example, if you select an area
of grass, the filter changes the area into a homogeneous patch of green.
Blur and Blur More
Eliminate noise where significant color transitions occur in an image. Blur filters
smooth transitions by averaging the pixels next to the hard edges of defined lines
and shaded areas. The effect of the Blur More filter is three or four times stronger
than that of the Blur filter.
Box Blur
Blurs an image based on the average color value of neighboring pixels. This filter
is useful for creating special effects. You can adjust the size of the area used to
calculate the average value for a given pixel; a larger radius results in greater
blurring.
Gaussian Blur
Quickly blurs a selection by an adjustable amount. Gaussian refers to the bell-
shaped curve that is generated when Photoshop applies a weighted average to the
pixels. The Gaussian Blur filter adds low-frequency detail and can produce a hazy
effect.
Brush Stroke filters
Like the Artistic filters, the Brush Stroke filters give a painterly or fine-arts look
using different brush and ink stroke effects. Some of the filters add grain, paint,
noise, edge detail, or texture. All the Brush Stroke filters can be applied through
the Filter Gallery.

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Accented Edges
Accentuates the edges of an image. When the edge brightness control is set to a
high value, the accents resemble white chalk; when set to a low value, the accents
resemble black ink.
Angled Strokes
Repaints an image using diagonal strokes, with lighter and darker areas painted in
strokes going in opposite directions.
Crosshatch
Preserves the details and features of the original image while adding texture and
roughening the edges of the colored areas with simulated pencil hatching. The
Strength option (with values from 1 to 3) determines the number of hatching
passes.

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