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CE2V32 GROUND IMPROVEMENT TECHNIQUES LTPC

30 03

COURSE OBJECTIVE:
 Students will be exposed to various problems associated with soil deposits
and methods to evaluate them. The different techniques will be taught to
them to improve the characteristics of difficult soils as well as design
techniques required to implement various ground improvement methods.

UNIT I HYDRAULIC MODIFICATIONS


Scope and necessity of ground improvement in Geotechnical engineering basic
concepts. Drainage Ground Water lowering by well points, deep wells, vacuum and
electro-osmotic methods. Stabilization by thermal and freezing techniques -
Applications.

UNIT II MECHANICAL MODIFICATIONS


Insitu compaction of granular and cohesive soils, Shallow and Deep
compaction methods – Sand piles – Concept, design, factors influencing
compaction. Blasting and dynamic consolidation design and relative merits of
various methods – Soil liquefaction mitigation methods.
UNIT III PHYSICAL MODIFICATION
Preloading with sand drains, fabric drains, wick drains – theories of sand drain -
Stone column with and without encased, lime stone – functions – methods
of installation – design, estimation of load carrying capacity and
settlement. Root piles and soil nailing – methods of installation – Design
and Applications.
UNIT IV MODIFICATION BY INCLUSIONS
Reinforcement – Principles and basic mechanism of reinforced earth, simple
design: Synthetic and natural fiber based Geotextiles and their applications.
Filtration, drainage, separation, erosion control.
UNIT V CHEMICAL MODIFICATION
Grouting – Types of grout – Suspension and solution grouts – Basic
requirements of grout. Grouting equipment – injection methods – jet grouting
– grout monitoring – Electro – Chemical stabilization – Stabilization with
cement, lime - Stabilization of expansive clays.
TOTAL: 45
PERIODS
COURSE OUTCOMES:
On completion of the course, the student is expected to be able to
CO1 identify and evaluate the deficiencies in the deposits of the given project area
and improve its characteristics by hydraulic modifications
CO2 improve the ground characteristics by mechanical modifications using
various method and design the system
CO3 improve the ground characteristics by physical modifications using
various method and design the system
CO4 improve the characteristics of soils by various reinforcement techniques and
design
CO5 Analyse the ground and decide the suitable chemical method for improving its
Characteristics

TEXTBOOKS:
1. Purushothama Raj. P, “Ground Improvement Techniques”, Lakshmi
Publications, 2nd Edition, 2016.
2. Koerner, R.M. “Construction and Geotechnical Methods in Foundation
Engineering”, McGraw Hill, 1994.
3. Nihar Ranjan Patra, “Ground Improvement Techniques”, Vikas Publishing
House, First Edition, 2012
4. Mittal.S, “An Introduction to Ground Improvement Engineering”, Medtech
Publisher,
First Edition, 2013

REFERENCES:
1. Pappala, A.J.,Huang,J., Han, J., and Hoyos, L.R., Ground Improvement
and Geosynthetics; Geotechnical special publication No.207, Geo Institute,
ASCE, 2010
2. Cox, B.R., and Grifiths S.C., Practical Recommendation for Evaluation and
mitigation of Soil Liquefaction in Arkansas, (Project Report), 2010.
3. Day, R.W., Foundation Engineering Handbook, McGraw – Hill Companies, Inc.
2006.
4. Rowe, R.K., Geotechnical and Geo-environmental Engineering Handbook,
Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001.
5. Das, B.M., Principles of Foundation Engineering, Fourth Edition, PWS Publishing,
1999.
6. Moseley, M.P., Ground Treatment, Blackie Academic and Professionals, 1998.
7. Koerner, R.M., Designing with Geosynthetics, Third Edition, Prentice Hall 1997.
8. Hehn, R.W., Practical Guide to Grouting of Underground Structures, ASCE, 1996.
9. Jewell, R.A., Soil Reinforcement with Geotextiles, CIRIA, London, 1996.
10. Koerner, R.M. and Welsh, J.P., Construction and Geotechnical
Engineering using Synthetic Fabrics, John Wiley, 1990.
11. Han,J., Principles and Practice of Ground Improvement, John Wiley and
Sons, New Jersey, Canada 2015.
12. Jones, J.E.P., Earth Reinforcement and Soil Structure, Butterworths, 1985.
13. Manfred R. Hausmann, Engineering Principles of Ground Modifications,
McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, New York
COs- PO’s & PSO’s MAPPING
PO/PSO Course Outcome Overall
Correlation
CO1 CO2 CO3 CO4 CO5
of COs to
POs
PROGRAM OUTCOMES(PO)
PO1 Knowledge of
3 2 2 2 2 2
Engineering Sciences
PO2 Problem analysis 3 3 3 3 3 3
PO3 Design / development of 2 3 3 3 2 3
solutions
PO4 Investigation 3 2 2 1 2 2
PO5 Modern Tool Usage 1 3 3 3 1 3
PO6 Engineer and Society 3 2 3 2 2 3
PO7 Environment and 3 2 2 2 2 2
Sustainability
PO8 Ethics 3 1 1 1 1 1
PO9 Individual and Team work 3 2 2 2 2 2
PO10 Communication 3 2 1 1 1 1
PO11 Project Management and 2 1 1 1 1 1
Finance
PO12 Life Long Learning 3 3 3 3 3 3
PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES (PSO)
PSO1 To analyze, design and
3 3 3 3 3 3
develop solutions by
applying the geo
technical concepts for
societal and industrial
needs
PSO2 To create innovative ideas
and solutions for real time 2 2 2 2 2 2
problems in structures by
adapting the emerging
technologies and modern
tools.

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