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Chapter-4 (1)

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HM411: Data analytics in Hotel Industry

INTRODUCTION TO DATA ETHICS


Is the branch of ethics that addresses the moral implications of collecting, analyzing, and
using data. Is essential in navigating the complexities of a data-driven world. By prioritizing ethical
considerations, individuals and organizations can harness the power of data responsibly and
equitably, fostering a more just society.

The Potential Ethical Harms Presented by Data


1. Privacy Violations - Collecting and storing personal data can lead to breaches of privacy,
exposing individuals to surveillance and loss of control over their information.

2. Discrimination and Bias - Data can perpetuate existing biases if not handled carefully,
leading to discrimination in areas like hiring, lending, and law enforcement.

3. Misinformation - Poor data quality or manipulation can result in misleading conclusions,


contributing to the spread of misinformation.

4. Data Security Risks - The accumulation of data creates targets for cyberattacks, risking
sensitive information and potentially leading to identity theft.

5. Dependency and Dehumanization - Over-reliance on data-driven decision-making can


dehumanize processes, overlooking individual nuances and leading to impersonal
treatment.

The Nature and Source of Data Professionals’ Ethical Obligations To The Public
Data professionals have ethical obligations to the public that stem from the nature of their
work and the potential impact of their decisions.

1. Public Trust - Data professionals must foster trust by ensuring transparency in their
data practices, including how data is collected, used, and shared. Trust is foundational
for public engagement and compliance.

2. Protection of Privacy - They are obligated to safeguard individuals' privacy by


implementing strong data protection measures, obtaining informed consent, and
minimizing data collection to what is necessary.

3. Equity and Fairness - Ethical obligations include ensuring that data practices do not
perpetuate bias or discrimination. Professionals must actively seek to eliminate unfair
outcomes in data-driven decisions.

4. Accountability - Data professionals must be accountable for their actions and


decisions. This includes being prepared to address any harm caused by data misuse
or breaches and maintaining ethical standards in their work.

5. Beneficence - Their role involves using data to promote the well-being of society. This
means prioritizing projects that have positive social impacts and considering the
broader implications of their work.
HM411: Data analytics in Hotel Industry

6. Informed Decision-Making - They should enable informed decision-making by


providing clear, accessible information about data processes and findings, allowing
the public to understand and engage with data insights.

7. Collaboration with Stakeholders - Ethical obligations include engaging with affected


communities and stakeholders to gather input and understand diverse perspectives,
ensuring that data practices are aligned with public values.

General Frameworks for Ethical Thinking And Reasoning

1. Utilitarianism - This approach evaluates actions based on their outcomes, aiming to


maximize overall happiness or benefit for the greatest number of people. It
emphasizes the consequences of decisions.

2. Deontological Ethics- Focused on rules and duties, this framework posits that certain
actions are inherently right or wrong, regardless of their outcomes. It emphasizes
moral principles and adherence to ethical guidelines.

3. Virtue Ethics - This framework centers on the character and virtues of the individual
making the decision. It emphasizes moral qualities such as honesty, courage, and
compassion, promoting personal development and ethical integrity.

4. Care Ethics - This approach prioritizes relationships and the needs of individuals,
emphasizing empathy and compassion. It advocates for considering the context and
emotional aspects of ethical dilemmas.

5. Social Contract Theory- This framework suggests that ethical behavior arises from
an implicit agreement among individuals to form a society. It emphasizes mutual
benefit and the obligations individuals have to each other.

6. Rights-Based Ethics - This perspective focuses on the rights of individuals, asserting


that certain rights must be upheld regardless of the consequences. It emphasizes
respect for autonomy and personal dignity.

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