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The pie charts compare home ownership and renting for 1991 and 2007 in
percentage terms. In 1991, homeowners were the most popular type of
housing, accounting for 60%, or more than over half of all homes. The next
largest sector was social rented homes, amounting to 23% or nearly one-third
of homes. The remaining homes were mostly privately rented (11%) with a
tiny fraction being social housing (6%).
Sixteen years later, in 2007, the number of home owners had risen to 70%, or
almost three quarters of all homes. This was an increase of 10% compared
with 1991. Much of the increase in home ownership can be explained by the
decrease in social rented homes, which had dropped from 23% to 17%.
The percentage of privately rented homes had remained unchanged at 11%.
However, there were 5 million more homes in 2007 compared with 1991 so
the number of rented homes had increased despite the same percentage.
Social housing has decreased three-fold from 6% in 1991 to 2% in 2007, and
it remains the least popular type of housing.
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The bar chart compares the different ages of people living in Iceland between 1990 and
2020.

All in all, the size of the 25-54 age group increased the most over the period while the size
of the two younger age groups decreased a little bit. The number of people in the two older
age groups stayed about the same.

The 25-54 age group grew from approximately a third of the population in 1990 to nearly
half of the population in 2020.

The older two age groups did not increase or decrease much. The size of the 65 and over
age group remained at about 13%, whereas the size of the 55 -64 age group only fell from
about 14% to about 10% of the population.

By contrast, the 0-14 age group fell from just over 25% in 1990 to just under 20% in 2020.
Similarly, the 15-24 age group dropped from just over 20% of the population in 1990 to just
under 10% of the population in 2020.
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The chart gives information on the percentage of women going into higher education
in five countries for the years 1980 and 2015.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make
comparisons where relevant.

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Some people feel that the legal age at which people can marry should be at least 21.

To what extent do you agree or disagree?

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It is widely agreed that a happy and stable relationship in marriage is the bedrock of any
community, with a greater likelihood of responsible partners, and if children result,
harmonious family. Because of this, it is important to support the institution of marriage in
every way possible. One important question in relation to this is: at what age should couples
be allowed to marry?

There are a number of reasons for making the minimum age for matrimony as late as
possible. Many would argue that people in their 20s are able to make such more rational
decisions than teenagers can. Older people might have seen enough of the world to know
that the feelings that they hold for someone at a given moment may not last. They will
realise that superficial characteristics like physical beauty and sporting prowess may not be
the only ones to bring happiness in a relationship. Older couples are likely to give more
consideration to issues such as income and job prospects, but also to less obvious but
important personality traits such as tolerance, kindness or moral strength.

However, other people contend that it is unrealistic to make couples wait until their 20s
before marrying. They suggest that as soon as the boy and the girl reached puberty they
should be allowed to marry. To prevent they doing so would result in resentment between
the generations, frustration and an increase in the number of unsupported pregnancies. If
married teenagers are given enough help to support, they can have children when they are
young and healthy enough to enjoy them.

Considering both this sets of arguments, I feel that 21 is probably too old but that 18 should
be made the legal minimum at which couples can marry.
Some people think that the increase in international travel has a negative impact on
the environment and should be restricted.

To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?

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The volume of international travel is increasing with globalisation and cheaper travel. As a

result, it is argued that the environment is suffering and that restrictions should be imposed

on such travel. I think that international travel does pose some risks for the environment, but

the effects can be mitigated.

There is no doubt that as the number of international travellers increases there is increased

danger of the environment being harmed. This risk comes not only from the growing volume

of flights, but also from the impact of huge numbers of people visiting vital eco systems,

especially fragile areas around the world like Antarctica and the Great Barrier Reef. Another

worrying development is the increase in cruise ships ferrying thousands of passengers

around the world. Therefore, some are calling for international travel to be restricted.

People have always travelled around the world and it would be very difficult to restrict

international travel, especially for tourism and business as it is economically beneficial for

local communities. If people are concerned about the impact of international travel, rather

than trying to impose restrictions, taxes can be introduced to help protect local conservation

areas. Such projects can also provide local jobs and help develop local communities.

Moreover, people nowadays are much more conscious of the impact of international

travelling and seek to offset the impact by paying for the planting of trees for example.

People are also travelling more by railway than in the past as railways become faster, more

convenient and integrated, which reduces any threats to the environment.

As we have seen, there are risks to the environment from increased international travel, but

such travel is important and any risks can be offset by different measures.