General Information

The science of Statistics concerns the development and application of the most effective methods of
collecting, analyzing and interpreting data in such a way that the fallibility of conclusions and estimates
can be assessed by means of logical reasoning based on measures of probability. It deals with the
designing of experiments and surveys, testing hypotheses, studying relationships among two or more
variables, among other scientific methods. These methods have wide applications in such diverse fields
as in industry, business, government, educational institutions, agriculture, meteorology and astronomy,
engineering, medicine, social sciences and the liberal arts.

Types of Degree Programmes

The Department of Statistics offers the following degree programmes:
(a) B.Sc. degree in Statistics
(b) B.Sc. Combined degrees in Statistics/Mathematics, Statistics/Economics, Statistics/Computer Science
and Statistics/Education in collaboration with the Departments of Mathematics, Economics, Computer
Science and Education.

The normal duration for the B.Sc. degree is four years for candidates who enter by entrance examination
(JAMB) and three years for direct entry candidates.

Philosophy, Objectives and Scope of the Programme

In accordance with the philosophy of the University of Nigeria, the programme aims at equipping the
student with the basic knowledge in Probability and Stochastic Processes, Design and Analysis of
Experiments, Statistical Methods and Inference, Sampling techniques, Quality Control, Operations
Research and Statistical Computing. It is designed to develop the skills and the necessary intellectual
orientation required by the student for subsequent career as a statistician.

Entry and Degree Requirements

Entrance candidates, in addition to the minimum University requirements, must have passed at the West
African School Certificate Examination, Senior School Certificate Examination or in an equivalent
examination with credits in Mathematics or Additional Mathematics and Physics or Chemistry or
Economics. Direct Entry students in addition to the above must pass the Higher School Certificate
Examination or the General Certificate of Education A/Level in two subjects, which must include
Mathematics or statistics.

Graduation Requirements

To graduate from the four-year Bachelor of Science (B.Sc. (Hons)) degree programme in Statistics,
students must have successfully completed a minimum of 142 Credit Units as shown in Table 1.

Table 1 – Required minimum credit units

Level 100 200 300 400 TOTAL
Core-Compulsory 27 26 17 23 93
Electives 10 6 4 14 34
SIWES NA NA 15 NA 15
TOTAL 37 32 36 37 142

NA means not applicable

Job Opprtunities
Successful graduates of the Bachelor of Science in Statistics programmes are well equipped for
postgraduate studies and teaching in relevant subjects. Their training also makes them prepare for
careers in Government Departments, Banks, International Agencies, Research Institutions, and in
Commercial and Technical firms needing the services of statisticians.

Service Courses
The Department of Statistics offers specially designed service courses to many departments in the
Faculties of Physical Sciences, Agriculture, Biological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Veterinary
Medicine, Engineering, Environmental Studies, Education and Social Sciences.

For enrollment into the service courses, students must have at least a pass in Mathematics at the G.C.E.
ordinary level or in an equivalent examination.

NUMBERING CODE FOR COURSES

The courses in Statistics programme are grouped into the following stress areas:

Stress Areas Code Number

Basic Courses 0
Probability/Stochastic Processes 1
Design/Analysis/Distribution
Theory 2
Inference/Methods 3
Sampling/Quality Control 4
Demography 5
Operations Research 6
Statistical Computing 7
Seminar/Industrial Training 8
Project 9

STANDARD FOUR YEAR UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMME FOR STATISTICS MAJOR: REVISED

PROGRAMME

FIRST YEAR STATISTICS

FIRST SEMESTER
Course Number Title Units
Major Courses
STA111 Probability I 2
STA131 Inference I 2
Required Ancillary Courses
MTH111 Elementary Mathematics I 3
MTH121 Elementary Mathematics II 3
COS101 Introduction to Computer Science I 2
General Studies Courses
GSP101 The Use of English I 2
GSP 111 The Use of Library 2
Any combination of at least 4 units from the electives 4/5
20/21
Electives
PHY123 General Physics for Physical Sciences 2
PHY191 Practical Physics I 2
CHM101 Basic Principles of Inorganic Chemistry 2
CHM171 Basic Practical Chemistry 2
ECO101 Principles of Economics I 2
BIO151 General Biology 3
AGR201 Introduction to Agriculture 2
GLG103 Basic and Applied Geology for Environmental,
Physical & Social Sciences 3

SECOND SEMESTER
Course Number Title Units
Major Courses
STA112 Probability II 2
STA132 Inference II 2
STA172 Statistical Computing I 2
Required Ancillary Courses
MTH122 Elementary Mathematics III 3
General Studies Courses
GSP 102 The Use of English II 2
Any combination of at least 6 units from the electives 6/7
17/18
Electives
MTH132 Elementary Mechanics I 3
PHY134 General Physics for Physical Sciences II 2
PHY154 General physics for Physical Sciences III 2
CHM112 Basic Principles of Physical Chemistry 2
CHM122 Basic Principles of Organic Chemistry 2
ECO102 Principles of Economics II 2
BIO152 General Biology 3
GLG103 Earth History 3

SECOND YEAR STATISTICS

FIRST SEMESTER
Course Number Title Units
Major Courses
STA211 Probability III 2
STA 231 Inference III 3
Required Ancillary Courses
COS201 Computer Programming I 2
MTH215 Linear Algebra I 2
General Studies Courses
GSP201 Basic Concepts & Theory of Peace 2
GSP207 Logic, Philosophy and Human Existence I 2
Any combination of at least 2 units from the electives 2/3
15/16
Electives
ECO201 Microeconomic Theory I 2
MTH211 Set, Logic and Algebra 3
MTH221 Real Analysis 3
ECO281 Structure of Nigerian Economy I 2
PHY251 Electromagnetism I 2

SECOND SEMESTER
Course Number Title Units
Major Courses
STA 212 Probability IV 2
STA272 Statistical Computing II 2
Required Ancillary Courses
MTH216 Elementary Differential Equation I 3
COS202 Computer Programming II 2
General Studies Courses
GSP202 Issues in Peace & Conflict Resolution Studies 2
GSP208 Nigerian Peoples and Culture 2
Any combination of at least 4 units from the electives 4/5
17/18
Electives
ECO 203 Microeconomic Theory I 2
MTH224 Introduction to Numerical Analysis 3
MTH242 Mathematical Methods I 3
ECO282 Structure of Nigerian Economy II 2

THIRD YEAR
STATISTICS
FIRST SEMESTER
Course Number Title Units
Major Courses
STA 311 Probability V 3
STA 341 Sampling Theory and Survey Methods I 3
STA 331 Inference IV 3
STA 321 Distribution Theory 2
STA 361 Algebraic Bases for Statistics 2
STA 371 Statistical Computing III 2

General Studies Courses

CED 341 Introduction to Entrepreneurship 2

Any combination of at least 4 units from the electives

4/5
21/22

Electives
STA 325 Biometrics I 3
STA 323 Analysis of Variance 3
STA 345 Statistical Quality Control 3
STA 351 Demography 3
STA 357 Actuarial Statistics I 2
STA 363 Operations Research I 3
STA 365 Laboratory for Operations Research I 2
STA 353 Laboratory for Field work for Demography 2
STA 347 Laboratory for Field work for Quality Control 2
STA 343 Lab and Field work for Sampling Theory & Survey Methods 2
COS 334 System Analysis and Design 2

SECOND SEMESTER
Course Number Title Units
Major Courses
INDUSTRIAL TRAINING (SIWES)
STA 382 Practical 3
STA 384 Report 12
15

FOURTH YEAR
STATISTICS
FIRST SEMESTER
Course Number Title Units
Major Courses
STA 413 Stochastic Processes I 2
STA415 Time Series Analysis I 2
STA421 Design and Analysis of Experiment I 2
STA423 Regression Analysis 3
Any combination of at least 8 units from the electives 8/9
17/18
Electives
STA411 Probability VI 3
STA425 Biometrics II 2
STA431 Bayesian inference I 2
STA435 Non-parametric methods I 2
STA433 Multivariate Analysis I 2
STA437 Psychometrics I 2
STA441 Sampling Theory and Survey Methods II 2
STA451 Actuarial Statistics II 2
STA461 Operations Research II 2
STA463 Decision Theory 2
STA453 Health Statistics 2
STA455 Environmental Statistics 2
STA457 Educational statistics 2
MTH441 Mathematical methods II 3

SECOND SEMESTER
Course Number Title Units
Major courses
STA414 Stochastic Processes II 2
STA422 Design and Analysis of Experiments II 2
STA416 Time Series Analysis II 2
STA492 Project 6
CED342 Business Development & Management 2
Any combination of at least 6 units the electives 6/7
20/21
Electives
STA462 Operations Research III 2
STA436 Non Parametric Methods II 2
STA426 Biometrics III 2
STA432 Bayesian Inference II 2
STA434 Multivariate Analysis II 2
STA438 Psychometrics II 2
STA466 Laboratory for Operations Research II 2
STA452 Medical Statistics 2
STA454 Energy Statistics 2
MTH322 Elements of Differential Equations II 3
FIRST YEAR
STATISTICS/ECONOMICS
FIRST SEMESTER
Course Number Title Units
Major Courses
STA111 Probability I 2
STA131 Inference I 2
ECO101 Principles of Economics I 2
ECO171 Introduction to Business Management I 2
Required Ancillary Courses
MTH111 Elementary Mathematics I 3
MTH121 Elementary Mathematics II 3
COS101 Introduction to Computer Science I 2
General Studies Courses
GSP101 The Use of English I 2
GSP111 The Use of Library and Study Skills 2
Any combination of 2 units from the electives 2
22
Electives
ECO131 Introduction to Economics Statistics I 2
PHY123 General Physics for Physical Sciences 2
AGR201 Introduction to Agriculture 2

SECOND SEMESTER
Course Number Title Units
Major Courses
STA112 Probability II 2
STA132 Inference II 2
STA172 Statistical Computing I 2
ECO102 Principles of Economics II 2
ECO172 Introduction to Business Management II 2
Required Ancillary Courses
MTH122 Elementary Mathematics III 3
General Studies Courses
GSP 102 The Use of English II 2
Any combination of at least 2 units from the electives 2/3
17/18
Electives
MTH132 Elementary Mechanics I 3
PHY134 General Physics for Physical Sciences II 2
PHY154 General physics for Physical Sciences III 2
ECO132 Introduction to Economics Statistics II 2
ECO122 Introduction to Business Accounting 2

SECOND YEAR
STATISTICS/ECONOMICS
FIRST SEMESTER
Course Number Title Units
Major Courses
STA211 Probability III 2
STA 231 Inference III 3
ECO201 Microeconomic Theory I 2
ECO203 Macroeconomic Theory I 2
ECO281 Structure of Nigerian Economy I 2
Required Ancillary Courses
COS201 Computer Programming I 2
MTH215 Linear Algebra I 2
General Studies Courses
GSP201 Basic Concepts & Theory of Peace 2
Logic, Philosophy and Human
GSP207 Existence 2
19

SECOND SEMESTER
Course Number Title Units
Major Courses
STA 212 Probability IV 2
STA272 Statistical Computing II 2
ECO 202 Microeconomic Theory I 2
ECO204 Macroeconomic Theory II 2
ECO282 Structure of Nigerian Economy II 2
Required Ancillary Courses
MTH222 Elementary Differential Equation I 3
COS202 Computer Programming II 2
General Studies Courses
Issues in Peace & Conflict Resolution
GSP202 Studies 2
GSP208 Nigerian Peoples and Culture 2
19

THIRD YEAR
STATISTICS/ECONOMICS
FIRST SEMESTER
Course Number Title Units
Major Courses
STA331 Inference IV 3
STA341 Sampling Theory and Survey Methods 3
STA363 Operations Research I 3
STA371 Statistical Computing III 2
ECO301 Intermediate Microeconomic Theory I 4
ECO361 Development Economics 2
ECO391 Research Methods in Economics I 2
Required Ancillary Courses
STA321 Distribution Theory 2

General Studies Courses

CED341 Introduction to Entrepreneurship 2
23

SECOND SEMESTER
Course Number Title Units
Major Courses
INDUSTRIAL TRAINING (SIWES)
STA 382 Practical 3
STA 384 Report 12
15

FOURTH YEAR
STATISTICS/ECONOMICS
FIRST SEMESTER
Course Number Title Units
Major Courses
STA415 Time Series Analysis I 2
STA423 Regression Analysis 3
STA433 Multivariate Analysis I 2
STA461 Operations Research II 2
ECO401 Advance Microeconomic Theory and Policy I 2
ECO403 Advance Macroeconomic Theory and Policy I 2
ECO461 Problems and Policies of Development 2
ECO465 Economic Planning I 2
ECO475 Project Evaluation I 2
19
 SECOND SEMESTER
Course Number Title Units
Major courses
STA416 Time Series Analysis II 2
STA434 Multivariate Analysis II 2
STA462 Operations Research III 2
ECO402 Advance Microeconomic Theory and Policy II 2
ECO404 Advance Macroeconomic Theory and Policy II 2
ECO466 Economic Planning II 2
ECO476 Project Evaluation II 2
STA492 or ECO492 Project 6

General Studies Courses

CED342 Business Development and Management 2
22

THREE YEAR STANDARD PROGRAM FOR DIRECT ENTRY STUDENTS

The three year degree programme is the same as the four year standard programme excluding
the first year. However, the direct entry students are required to take GSP 101 and GSP 102 (The Use of
English) and either GSP201 and GSP202 or GSP207 and GSP208 during their first year.

COURSE DESCRIPTIONS

STA 111 Probability I 2 Units

Elementary set theory. Techniques of counting, sample space and Events. Basic notions of probability;
definition, axioms and laws. Simple conditional probability and independence.

STA112 Probability II 2 Units

One dimensional random variables, (discrete and continuous): definition, moments and their distributions.
Applications to Bernoulli, Binomial, Geometric, Poisson, Normal, Exponential and Hyper-geometric
distributions

STA131 Inference I 2 Units

Statistical Data: sources, collection, presentation and analysis. Measures of central tendency and
dispersion, skewness. Moments and kurtosis. Index numbers and demographic measures.

STA132 Inference II 2 Units

Elementary Time Series Analysis. Sampling and Statistical Inference: standard error and sampling
distributions of the mean and proportion. Tests of significance for means and proportions. Simple linear
regression and correlation.

STA 172 Statistical Computing I 2 Units

Generation of data using table of random numbers. Presentation and analysis of data. Computations
using calculator involving measures of central tendency and dispersion, time series, index numbers,
simple linear regression and correlation. Test of significance (one sample only)

STA 201 Statistics for Social Sciences II 2 Units

Sources, collection, analysis and presentations of data. Index numbers, elementary analysis of time
series, simple linear regression and correlation. Elementary non parametric tests.

STA 202 Statistics for social sciences II 2 Units

Introductory probability. Binomial, Normal and Poisson distributions. Interval estimation and test of
significance. Association of Attributes.

STA 203 Statistics for Agricultural and Biological sciences I 2 Units

Initial steps in planning of biological experiments. Methods of data collection, presentation and analysis.
Measures of central tendency and dispersion. Frequency distributions. Elementary probability. Discrete
and continuous distribution: Binomial, Poison, Normal and exponential distributions etc. Interval
estimation.

STA 204 Statistics for Agricultural and Biological Sciences I 2 Units

Tests of significance. Student t test and x2 test. Two sample test and paired comparison. Regression and
correlation. Analysis of variance: one way, two way (no interaction). Latin square analysis. Multiple range
tests. Analysis of covariance. Simple analysis of direct assays.

STA 205 Statistics for Physical Sciences & Engineering I 2 Units

Frequency Distributions. Elements of Probability. Discrete probability distributions: Binomial, Poisson,
Geometric and Hyper-geometric. Continuous probability distributions: Normal, Student’s t, Chi-square (x2)
and F. combinational and moment generating functions.

STA 206 Statistics for Physical Sciences & Engineering II 2 Units

Estimation: point and interval. Test of significance. Regression and correlation. Analysis of variance: one-
way and two-way (no interaction).

STA 211 Probability III 2 Units

Combinatorial analysis. Probability models for the study of random phenomena in finite sample spaces up
to and including Bayes Theorem. Probability distribution of Discrete and Continuous two-dimensional
random variables. Expectation and Univariate moment generating functions. Truncated distributions.

STA 212 Probability IV 2 Units

Tchebychev’s inequality. Normal approximation to Binomial distribution. Bivariate, marginal and
conditional distributions and their moments, Convolution of two distributions.

STA 231 Statistical Inference III 3 Units

Estimation: point estimation by method of moments, maximum likelihood and least square. Properties of
estimators: Unbiasedness, Efficiency, Consistency (definition only). Interval Estimation: Confidence
interval for proportions, means, variance and variance ratio. Test of significance: Tests based on normal,
t, chi-square and F distributions with regard to means, proportions, variance. Tests for independence of
attributes and goodness-of-fit.

STA 272 Statistical Computing II 2 Units

Use of computer software packages (Minitab, execl) on probability and inference.

STA 311 Probability V 3 Units

Probability Generating function. Bivariate Normal distribution: conditional and marginal densities, bivariate
moment generating functions, characteristic function and Inversion formula. Various modes of
convergence. Central limit theorem. Elements of measure. Field of sets, fields, measure functions
probability measure and probability space. Introduction to Markov chains: basic concepts, state and
parameter space, transition probabilities.

STA 321 Distribution Theory 2 Units

Bivariate Normal Distribution, the gamma, chi-square, 2 types of Beta, F and t distributions. Distribution of
functions of random variables - sums, products and quotients. Probability integral transformation. Order
statistics and their functions.

STA 323 Analysis of Variance 3 Units

Analysis of one, double and multiple classifications of balanced data in crossed and nested
arrangements. Analysis of two and three- way contingency tables for test of independence and
interactions. Incomplete block designs. Log linear models. Analysis of covariance in one-way, two-way,
three way and nested classifications.

STA 325 ` Biometrics I 3 Units

Direct Assays: types nature and examples. Precision of estimates, Fiellers theorem, dilution assays and
design of direct assays. Indirect Assays: the dose response regression, condition of similarity and
monotony. Linearizing transformations and non-linear regression. Parallel line assays: unsymmetrical
designs, difference in preparations, potency estimation and fiducial limits and validity test. Approximate
and exact analyses for missing entries. Symmetry design for parallel line assays. Efficiency, Reliability
and Sensitivity

STA 331 Inference IV 3 Units

Criteria of Estimation: unbiasedness, consistency, efficiency, sufficiency and minimum variance (with
proofs). Rao-cramer Inequality. Testing of hypothesis: Null and alternative hypothesis, simple, composite
hypothesis. Two types of error, critical region, Power size of a test, p- value, Neyman-Pearson Theorem.
Most powerful test, and likelihood ratio test.

STA 341 Sampling Theory & Survey Methods I 3 Units

Basic sample selection procedures. Estimation of population mean, total and proportions in simple
random sampling with and without replacement. Use of auxiliary information (ratio, regression and
difference estimators). Stratification: Estimation of mean total population in stratified random sampling.
Sample size allocation. Cluster sampling. Two stage Cluster sampling with clusters of equal sizes. Data
collection in (social investigations). Methods of social investigations. Planning of surveys. Methods of
collecting information. Questionnaire design. Response errors, processing analysis and presentation of
data.

STA 343 Lab. for Sampling & Survey Methods 2 Units

Computations involving Stratification. Ratio and regression estimates, cluster and two stage sampling,
Field Work.

STA 345 Statistical Quality Control 3 Units

Concept of quality and meaning of control. Specifications: Control limits and specifications, process
spread and specifications. Control charts: for variables and attributes: Determination of process capability
and standard CuSuM charts. Acceptance sample inspection by attributes: single, double and multiple
sampling plans

STA 347 Lab & field work for quality Control I 2 Units
Practical construction of control charts. Computations involving tolerance limits, simple, multiple and
sequential sampling plans. Use of the Poisson approximation to design sampling plans for the producers
and consumers risk method. Design and analysis of various rectification schemes.

STA 351 Demography 3 Units

Sources of demographic data: Census and vital registration. Rates and ratios. Study of mortality.
Construction of Life tables Expectation of life. Measure of fertility and morbidity. Population growth and
projection. Migration and the population distribution – interpretation of population parameters from
defective data. Stable and quasi stable populations.

STA 353 Laboratory & Filed Work for Demography 2 Units

Computations involving mortality and fertility rates, life tables and population growth.

STA 357 Actuarial Statistics I 2 Units

Effective rate of interest- Normal rate of interest, Force of interest. Relationship between i.i(m) and Present
Value. Elective and normal rate of Discount. Present value of immediate Annuity, annuity due, increasing
and decreasing Annuities, Continuous Annuity. Accumulation of Annuities increasing by step and
continuously. Repayment of loan by equated installments (Annuity and Sinking funds). Capital and
Interest Element contained in the t-th installment. Purchase price of annuities, net of Tax- Loan
Schedules.

STA 361 Algebraic Basis for Statistics 2 Units

Vectors: Norms, scalar and cross products. Vector spaces: Basis and dimension. Matrices: elementary
operation with matrices and vectors, rank, determinants, linear equations, orthogonality. Bilinear and
quadratic forms, eigensystem. Differentiation with vector and matrices.

STA 363 Operations Research I 3 Units

The Nature of Operations Research: History, meaning and models. Classical methods of optimization:
maxima and minima, Lagrange’s Multipliers, Convex set and functions. Linear Programming: formulation
and Analysis using graphs. Simplex and revised simplex methods. Duality Theory and Applications.
Sensitivity Analysis in Linear Programming.

STA 365 Laboratory for Operations Research I 2 Units

Problem formulation involving linear programming applications. Computations involving simplex and
revised simplex algorithms, graphs.

STA 371 Statistical Computing III 2 Units

Use of computer packages (GENSTAT, SPSS) and other current packages on topics in Inference (IV),
ANOVA, Operations Research, Regression and many other applicable areas.

STA 382 Practical on Industrial training 3 Units

Practical work engaged in during the Industrial Training.

STA 384 Report on Industrial Training 12 Units

Report to be presented after the Industrial Training.

STA 411 Probability VII 3 Units

Probability spaces, measures and distributions. Product spaces: product of measurable spaces, product
probabilities. Random variables as measurable functions. Independence and expectations of random
variables. Convergence of random variables: Weak convergence, convergence almost everywhere, a
convergence in p-th mean. Central Limit Theorem. Characteristics function and Laplace transforms.
Inversion formula.

STA 413 Stochastic Processes I 2 Units

Random walk: simple and general random walk with absorbing and reflecting barriers. Markovian
processes with finite chains. Branching processes Poisson process, relevant applications.

STA 414 Stochastic Processes II 2 Units

Birth and Death Processes. Queuing Processes: M/M 1, M/M/S, M/C and G/M/I Queues and their waiting
time distributions. Diffusion Process. Relevant applications

STA 415 Time Series I 2 Units

Components of Time Series, measurement of trend, the seasonal index, the cyclical component and
random fluctuations, serial correlation, Correlogram.
STA 416 Time Series II 2 Units
Stationary Time Series: Second order Stationarity, the autocorrelation function. Autoregressive process,
Moving Average Processes of mixed models. Integrated Models. Estimation of the Parameters,
Forecasting and Spectral density.

STA 421 Design & Analysis of Experiment I 2 Units

Meaning, Need, Purpose and Basic Principles of Experimental Design. Efficient design: Randomization,
replication and blocking, local control. Basic designs: Completely randomized design (CRD). Randomized
complete block design (RCBD), Latin square. Relative efficiency, missing values. Multiple comparisons.
Departures from underlying assumptions. Examples from agriculture, biology and industry.

STA 422 Design and Analysis of Experiment II 2 Units

BIB designs, and factorial experiments. Split-plot design. Expected mean square (EMS)
rules, 2n factorial designs: Yates algorithm, confounding, fractional replication.
Applications with real life data. Introduction to response surface methodology.

STA 423 Regression Analysis 3 Units

Simple linear and multiple regression. Inference on regression parameters.
Polynomial regression. Examination of residuals, use of dummy variable.
Reparametrization of non-linear models. Partial, total and multiple correlation ratio. Generalized least
squares. Prediction from regression. Multicollinearity, autocorrelation and Hereroseedasticity; Durbin-
Watson test, Outliers, Selection of the best regression equation. Simple treatment of logistic regression.

STA 425 Biometrics II 2 UnitsSlope ratio

assays: the power dose metameter, multiple regression equation. Analysis of variance and validity tests.
Symmetrical (2K+1) point design. Comparison of assay techniques.

STA 426 Biometrics III 2 Units

Multiple assays: economy of multiple assays, multiple slope ratio assays and Design of multiple assays.
Distribution of responses between preparations. Composite responses, the discriminant problem
examples of an assay using a Discriminant function; discriminants and concomitants; the economies of
Discriminant analysis.

STA 426 Bayesian Inference I 2 Units

Bayes’ theorem. Posterior distributions. Point estimation with the loss functions. Squared error loss,
absolute error loss and zero one loss. Interval estimation, shortest, highest posterior density (HPD), equal
tail and one tail interval, prediction of a future observation. Choice of prior: natural conjugate family of
priors (NCP) and non-informative priors (NIP). Application to some standard one and two-parameter
problems.

STA 432 Bayesian Inference II 2 Units

Comparison of the means and variances of two normal and two Poisson distributions.
Linear regression: joint and marginal posterior distributions of regression parameters for normally
distributed regressor variables. Tests of hypothesis: Jeffrey’s methods and decision theoretic approach.
Applications

STA 433 Multivariate Analysis I 2 Units

The multivariate normal distribution: definition, generating function, conditional distribution of the
estimates. The Hotelling’s distribution, Wishart distribution. Inference about mean vectors: one sample
and two sample cases. Tests of independence

STA 434 Multivariate Analysis II 2 Units

Classification: the linear discriminant function for two groups, errors of Misclassification and estimation of
misclassification probabilities. Principal components: meaning, computation and interpretation; sampling
properties. Factor analysis: model for factor structure, estimation of factor loadings, factor rotation
applications.

STA 435 Non-Parametric Method I 2 Units

Nonparametric versus parametric inference. Distribution-free Statistics. Order Statistcs and their
distributions, Kolmogorov type of test statistics. Common nonparametric tests including Runs, signs and
ranks in one and two sample problems. Exact and asymptotic methods.

STA 436 Non-Parametric Methods II 2 Units

“Rank” estimates of location in one and two sample problems. Rank test applied to C(>2) samples:
Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman tests. Rank test in simple linear regression and correlation. Sample cases.
Tests of independence.

STA 437 Psychometrics I 2 Units

Foundations of mental measurement theory: measurements in psychology and education/construction of
true scores: the classical test theory model: basic equations for test of fixed length and for homogeneous
test for variable length. Composite test, Fact affecting measurement precision, estimation and predication.
Estimate of parameters of the classifical model.

STA 438 Psychometrics II 2 Units

Other weak true-score models. Some test theory for imperfectly parallel measurements, types of reliability
coefficients and their estimation. Some test theory for equivalent measurement, item sample in test theory
and in research design. Applications

STA 441 Sampling Theory & Survey Methods II 2 Units

Unequal probability sampling; probability proportional to size with replacement and probability
proportional to size-systematic selections (with cluster of unequal size)
Multistage sampling. Estimation totals, ratio. Double sampling for ratio and regression estimation. Gains
in precision due to stratification, post stratification Domain estimation.
Practical examples.

STA 451 Actuarial Statistics I 2 Units

Investment and appraisal techniques; analysis of experiments, data and derivation of exposed to risk
formulae. Graduation methods (and their application to curve fitting). Construction of mortality, sickness,
multiple decrements and similar tables with application to life insurance.
National social security and pension schemes. Stochastic interest rate models. Independent annual
interest rates. Mean and variance of Sn An and simple problems associated with these.

STA 452 Medical Statistics 2 Units

Scope and nature of medical statistics, epidemiology methods; relative risks and odds ratios adjustment
of data with and without use of multivariate models, cohort studies. (life tables) competing risks survival
analysis. Sequential methods in clinical trial. Stochastic models in epidemiology and other areas.

STA 453 Health Statistics 2 Units

Scope and types of health statistics, classification of diseases, injuries and causes of death. Sources and
method of collecting health statistics; census, sample surveys, vital registration and administrative
statistics. Health indicators: types, uses and problems. Health planning and financing. Health information
system. Operation research in the health services.

STA 454 Energy Statistics 2 Units

Energy source: renewable and non-renewable. Nature, scope and uses of Energy Statistics. Concepts,
definition and units of measurement in use in Energy Statistics. Energy production and consumption
survey. Data requirements and the procedure for developing an energy database. Constructing an energy
balance sheet with Nigeria as a case study. Modeling energy supply and demand.
STA 455 Environmental Statistics 2 Units
Scope, nature and sources of environmental Statistics. Assessment of environmental quality and
measurement of air and water pollution. Sampling method in natural and applied sciences. Environmental
impact assessment. Requirement for environmental reporting system. Characteristics and uses of the
United Nations framework for the development of environmental statistics. Capacity development for
environmental reporting system.

STA 457 Educational Statistics 2 Units

Source, nature and uses of educational Statistics. Sources and methods of collecting
educational statistics. Educational indicators. Design of educational information systems, educational
models and performance of flows (flows, manpower etc.) evaluation. Multivariate methods in educational
analysis, Operations research in educational management.

STA 461 Operations Research II 2 Units

Game theory: two persons; zero sum games, saddle point, dominance and strategies. Mathematical
programming: non-linear programming, integer programming, dynamic programming. Theory of reliability:
reliability function, active and passive reliability; reliability of systems in series, in parallel, and voting.
Hazard rate. Mean time to failure.

STA 462 Operation Research III 2 Units

Optimization. Network analysis: network flows: transportation problem. Assignment problem, maximal
flow problem, critical path method (CPM) and Project Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT).

STA 463 Decision Theory I 2 Units

Formulation of decision-theoretic problems, comparison between game theory and decision theory. Risk,
utility, loss and decision function.

STA 464 Decision Theory II 2 Units

Admissibility and completeness. Minimax and Bayes solution, Invariant statistical problems. Applications.

STA 466 Laboratory for Operations Research II 2 Units

Exercises on problem formulation in applications of Operations Research. Computations in mathematical
programming, dynamic programming, integer programming, non-linear programming, network analysis
and game theory.

STA 492 Project 2 Units

Each final year student is expected to produce an acceptable first hand study of an approved topic under
staff supervision. The project should be based on some of the theories and techniques covered in the
courses.