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LectureNotes6_MultispectralApplications

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ENVS/GEOG 406 Remote Sensing (Fall 2021)

Lecture Notes & Reference 9-21-2021


Use of Landsat Multispectral Imagery (Visible / Near Visible)

Landsat Reference Information

Mission Timeline:

Filename Convention:
All Landsat scene identifiers are based on the following naming convention:

Example: “LC8 057019 2013181 LGN00_B1.TIF”


LXSPPPRRRYYYYDDDGSIVV_BB
L = Landsat
X = Sensor
S = Satellite
PPP = WRS path
RRR = WRS row
YYYY = Year
DDD = Julian day of year
GSI = Ground station identifier
VV = Archive version number
BB = band number (below)

Landsat Band Information

Product Reference
“Natural Color” – will include R,G, B (e.g., Landsat 7 Bands “3-2-1”)
“Color Infrared” – will include NIR,R,G (e.g, Landsat 7 Bands “4-3-2”)
“Pan” – single composite band of visible/near-visible range (G to NIR)
“Level 1” product – includes all bands individually
Creating Composite Bands from Single Bands
 In Arctoolbox > Data Management > Raster > Raster Processing > Composite Band
Example: create a “natural color scene” using the individual R,G,B, bands, June 2013
Example: create a “color infrared” image using the individual NIR, R, and G bands

Spectral Landsat 7 Landsat 8 ArcMap Image Band # & Order*


Range Band # Band # “Natural Color” “Color Infrared”
Blue 1 2 3 -
Green 2 3 2 3
Red 3 4 1 2
Infrared 4 5 - 1

*To make this less confusing, the resulting band #’s assigned to the ArcMap image can be re-labelled in Table of Contents or more
permanently changed via ArcCatalog **The order layers are processed in Image
Analysis Window is set by order in the
Alternate Composite Method (Image Analysis Window) ArcMap table of contents**
 Under View, show the Image Analysis window
 Hold the control key down and click the relevant bands in Image Analysis window
 In the Processing window, select the Composite Band icon
Example: redo the natural color scene and compare to above

Calculating NDVI
In Arctoolbox > Spatial Analyst Tools > Map Algebra > Raster
Calculator
Use keypad and click on relevant bands, symbols, and numbers to
“write” an equation
Example: NDVI in June 2013

Note: Because band reflectance values are integer-based (whole) numbers, the
results of raster calculations will (in some ArcMap versions by default) be integer as well. Bands can be
converted to decimal-based values, e.g. “13” becomes “13.00”, using the Float function
e.g. Float (NIR band – R band) / Float (NIR + R band)

Alternate NDVI Method (Image Analysis Window)


 Under View, show the Image Analysis window
 Click the Option icon in upper left of Image Analysis window
 In the NDVI tab, check Scientific Input (which allows the NDVI
index to be calculated in the -1 to 1 range)
 Specify which band is R/IR based on sequence in TOC
 Close Options window
 Select bands by pushing Control on the keyboard and click the
Red and Infrared band in the top Image Analysis window
 Click the NDVI symbol in the Processing window
Note: the result is temporary unless you select the resulting file
in the Image Analysis window and save it using the Save icon
Example: redo the NDVI calculation and compare to above
Calculating Differences in Raster Values like NDVI or reflectance
In Arctoolbox > Spatial Analyst Tools > Map Algebra > Raster Calculator
Use keypad and click on relevant bands, symbols, and numbers to “write” an equation expressing the
subtraction of one band from another
Example: Difference in NIR and R reflectance values

Alternate Method for Calculating Differences (Image Analysis Window)


 Under View, show the Image Analysis window
 Select bands by pushing Control on the keyboard and clicking on 2 bands of interest in the top Image
Analysis window
 Click the icon for calculating differences in the Processing window

Clipping Images or NDVI Calculations to Boundaries of a Polygon


 Select the feature by clicking within its boundaries; or right click on the feature in the Table of Contents
> Selection > Select All
 Select the band, image, or NDVI calculation by click on its name in the top Image Analysis window
 Click the Clip in the Processing window
 Click the clear selection icon when done; or Selection dropdown menu > Clear Selected Features

In Class Exercise
Compare NDVI differences between June 2000 and June 2013 (in Base_Data > Remote Sense > Landsat)
June 2000 (Day 154) Temp 53.0 Precip 5.72
June 2013 (Day 165) Temp 57.9 Precip 3.19

Challenge: compare the NDVI difference between these dates at elevations between 1500 and 2000 ft (use
elevation.shp in the Base_Data > Vector_Data folder)

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