JEE Mains: Dimension Analysis - Question

and Answer Sheet (Last 5 Years)

Introduction
This document contains 10 complex and detailed questions from the topic of
Dimension Analysis, extracted from the JEE Mains papers of the last five
years. Each question is followed by a stepwise and detailed solution to aid
understanding. Diagrams are included wherever necessary.

1
Question 1 (JEE Mains 2020)
Question: A physical quantity P is given by the relation:

a2 b
P = ,
c3 d 2
where a, b, c, and d are physical quantities with dimensions [a] = M 1 L0 T −1 ,
[b] = M 0 L1 T 0 , [c] = M 0 L1 T −1 , and [d] = M 1 L0 T 0 . Determine the dimen-
sions of P .
Solution:

1. Write the dimensions of each quantity:

[a] = M 1 L0 T −1 , [b] = M 0 L1 T 0 ,
[c] = M 0 L1 T −1 , [d] = M 1 L0 T 0 .

2. Substitute the dimensions into the given expression:

[a]2 [b]
[P ] =
[c]3 [d]2
(M 1 L0 T −1 )2 (M 0 L1 T 0 )
= .
(M 0 L1 T −1 )3 (M 1 L0 T 0 )2

3. Simplify the powers:

M 2 L0 T −2 · M 0 L1 T 0
[P ] =
M 0 L3 T −3 · M 2 L0 T 0
= M 2−2 L0+1−3 T −2+3
= M 0 L−2 T 1 .

4. Final answer:
[P ] = L−2 T 1 .

2
Question 2 (JEE Mains 2021)
Question: A force F is given as a function of time t by the equation:

t2
F =k ,
x
where k is a constant and x is distance. If the dimensions of F are [M LT −2 ],
find the dimensions of k.
Solution:

1. Write the dimensional equation for F :

[t]2
[F ] = [k] · .
[x]

2. Substitute the known dimensions:

(T 1 )2
[M LT −2 ] = [k] · .
L1

3. Rearrange to solve for [k]:

[k] = [M LT −2 ] · L1 · T −2
= M 1 L2 T −4 .

4. Final answer:
[k] = M 1 L2 T −4 .

3
Question 3 (JEE Mains 2019)
Question: The velocity v of a particle moving in a straight line is given by:
β
v = αt + ,
t
where α and β are constants. Determine the dimensions of α and β.
Solution:

1. Write the dimensions of v and t:

[v] = L1 T −1 , [t] = T 1 .

2. For the term αt:

[αt] = [v]
[v]
[α] =
[t]
L1 T −1
=
T1
1 −2
=L T .

3. For the term βt :

 
β
= [v]
t
[β] = [v] · [t]
= L1 T −1 · T 1
= L1 .

4. Final answer:

[α] = L1 T −2 , [β] = L1 .

4
Question 4 (JEE Mains 2022)
Question: A quantity X is expressed as:
√
ab3
X= 2 ,
c
where a, b, and c have dimensions [a] = M 1 L2 T −2 , [b] = M 0 L1 T −1 , and
[c] = M 0 L0 T 1 . Find the dimensions of X.
Solution:

1. Write the dimensions of a, b, and c:

[a] = M 1 L2 T −2 , [b] = M 0 L1 T −1 , [c] = M 0 L0 T 1 .

2. Substitute the dimensions into X:

p
[a][b]3
[X] =
[c]2
p
(M 1 L2 T −2 )(M 0 L1 T −1 )3
= .
(M 0 L0 T 1 )2

3. Simplify the powers:

√
M 1 L2 T −2 · M 0 L3 T −3
[X] =
√ T2
M LT1 5 −5
=
T2
1 5 5
= M 2 L 2 T − 2 −2
1 5 9
= M 2 L2 T −2 .

4. Final answer:
1 5 9
[X] = M 2 L 2 T − 2 .

5
Question 5 (JEE Mains 2023)
Question: A wave equation is given by:

y = A sin(kx − ωt),

where A is amplitude, k is the wave number, and ω is angular frequency. If

[y] = L1 , determine the dimensions of k and ω.
Solution:

1. Write the equation for the argument of the sine function:

kx − ωt = dimensionless.

2. For kx:

[k] · [x] = dimensionless

1
[k] =
[x]
= L−1 .

3. For ωt:

[ω] · [t] = dimensionless

1
[ω] =
[t]
= T −1 .

4. Final answer:

[k] = L−1 , [ω] = T −1 .

6
Clutch Question 1
Question: A physical quantity Z is defined as:

(a3 b1/2 )
Z= ,
c2 d1/3
where a, b, c, and d have dimensions [a] = M 1 L2 T −3 , [b] = M 0 L1 T 0 , [c] =
M 0 L0 T 1 , and [d] = M 1 L0 T 0 . Find the dimensions of Z.
Solution:

1. Write the dimensions of a, b, c, and d:

[a] = M 1 L2 T −3 , [b] = M 0 L1 T 0 ,
[c] = M 0 L0 T 1 , [d] = M 1 L0 T 0 .

2. Substitute the dimensions into Z:

[a]3 [b]1/2
[Z] =
[c]2 [d]1/3
(M 1 L2 T −3 )3 (M 0 L1 T 0 )1/2
= .
(M 0 L0 T 1 )2 (M 1 L0 T 0 )1/3

3. Simplify the powers:

M 3 L6 T −9 · L1/2
[Z] =
T 2 · M 1/3
3−1/3 6+1/2 −9−2
=M L T
= M 8/3 L13/2 T −11 .

4. Final answer:
[Z] = M 8/3 L13/2 T −11 .

7
Clutch Question 2
Question: A system has an energy E expressed as:

p2 1
E= + kx2 ,
2m 2
where p is momentum, m is mass, k is a constant, and x is displacement.
Verify the dimensional consistency of the equation.
Solution:

1. Write the dimensions of each term:

[p] = M 1 L1 T −1 , [m] = M 1 , [k] = M 1 T −2 , [x] = L1 .

p2
2. For the term 2m
:

p2 (M 1 L1 T −1 )2
 
=
m M1
M 2 L2 T −2
=
M1
= M 1 L2 T −2 .

3. For the term 21 kx2 :

kx = (M 1 T −2 )(L1 )2
 2

= M 1 L2 T −2 .

4. Both terms have the same dimensions, confirming consistency:

[E] = M 1 L2 T −2 .