Dimension Analysis
Dimension Analysis
Introduction
This document contains 10 complex and detailed questions from the topic of
Dimension Analysis, extracted from the JEE Mains papers of the last five
years. Each question is followed by a stepwise and detailed solution to aid
understanding. Diagrams are included wherever necessary.
1
Question 1 (JEE Mains 2020)
Question: A physical quantity P is given by the relation:
a2 b
P = ,
c3 d 2
where a, b, c, and d are physical quantities with dimensions [a] = M 1 L0 T −1 ,
[b] = M 0 L1 T 0 , [c] = M 0 L1 T −1 , and [d] = M 1 L0 T 0 . Determine the dimen-
sions of P .
Solution:
[a] = M 1 L0 T −1 , [b] = M 0 L1 T 0 ,
[c] = M 0 L1 T −1 , [d] = M 1 L0 T 0 .
[a]2 [b]
[P ] =
[c]3 [d]2
(M 1 L0 T −1 )2 (M 0 L1 T 0 )
= .
(M 0 L1 T −1 )3 (M 1 L0 T 0 )2
M 2 L0 T −2 · M 0 L1 T 0
[P ] =
M 0 L3 T −3 · M 2 L0 T 0
= M 2−2 L0+1−3 T −2+3
= M 0 L−2 T 1 .
4. Final answer:
[P ] = L−2 T 1 .
2
Question 2 (JEE Mains 2021)
Question: A force F is given as a function of time t by the equation:
t2
F =k ,
x
where k is a constant and x is distance. If the dimensions of F are [M LT −2 ],
find the dimensions of k.
Solution:
[t]2
[F ] = [k] · .
[x]
[k] = [M LT −2 ] · L1 · T −2
= M 1 L2 T −4 .
4. Final answer:
[k] = M 1 L2 T −4 .
3
Question 3 (JEE Mains 2019)
Question: The velocity v of a particle moving in a straight line is given by:
β
v = αt + ,
t
where α and β are constants. Determine the dimensions of α and β.
Solution:
[v] = L1 T −1 , [t] = T 1 .
[αt] = [v]
[v]
[α] =
[t]
L1 T −1
=
T1
1 −2
=L T .
4. Final answer:
[α] = L1 T −2 , [β] = L1 .
4
Question 4 (JEE Mains 2022)
Question: A quantity X is expressed as:
√
ab3
X= 2 ,
c
where a, b, and c have dimensions [a] = M 1 L2 T −2 , [b] = M 0 L1 T −1 , and
[c] = M 0 L0 T 1 . Find the dimensions of X.
Solution:
4. Final answer:
1 5 9
[X] = M 2 L 2 T − 2 .
5
Question 5 (JEE Mains 2023)
Question: A wave equation is given by:
y = A sin(kx − ωt),
kx − ωt = dimensionless.
2. For kx:
3. For ωt:
4. Final answer:
6
Clutch Question 1
Question: A physical quantity Z is defined as:
(a3 b1/2 )
Z= ,
c2 d1/3
where a, b, c, and d have dimensions [a] = M 1 L2 T −3 , [b] = M 0 L1 T 0 , [c] =
M 0 L0 T 1 , and [d] = M 1 L0 T 0 . Find the dimensions of Z.
Solution:
[a] = M 1 L2 T −3 , [b] = M 0 L1 T 0 ,
[c] = M 0 L0 T 1 , [d] = M 1 L0 T 0 .
M 3 L6 T −9 · L1/2
[Z] =
T 2 · M 1/3
3−1/3 6+1/2 −9−2
=M L T
= M 8/3 L13/2 T −11 .
4. Final answer:
[Z] = M 8/3 L13/2 T −11 .
7
Clutch Question 2
Question: A system has an energy E expressed as:
p2 1
E= + kx2 ,
2m 2
where p is momentum, m is mass, k is a constant, and x is displacement.
Verify the dimensional consistency of the equation.
Solution:
p2
2. For the term 2m
:
p2 (M 1 L1 T −1 )2
=
m M1
M 2 L2 T −2
=
M1
= M 1 L2 T −2 .
kx = (M 1 T −2 )(L1 )2
2
= M 1 L2 T −2 .
[E] = M 1 L2 T −2 .