Senior High School

Core

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region I
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ILOCOS NORTE

Understanding
Culture, Society
and Politics
Quarter 1 – Module 2:
Understanding Culture and
Society Using Anthropological
and Sociological Approaches

SDOIN_Core_Q1_UCSP_Module2
Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics
Crafting-Resources-for-Accessible-and-Flexible-Teaching (CRAFT)
Quarter 1 – Module 2: Understanding Culture and Society Using Anthropological
and Sociological Approaches
First Edition, 2023
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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Sara Z. Duterte
Undersecretary: Gina O. Gonong

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Jennifer A. Galam

Editor:
Reviewers: Florante R. Riego, Cristelyn R. Gonzales
Benny G. Ramos
Illustrators: Joel P. Saladino & Glenn L. Garcia
Layout Artist:
Management Team: Donato D. Balderas, Jr.
Joye D. Madalipay
Ursino C. Pascua
Jenetrix T. Tumaneng
Milagros Sandra G. Malvar

Division Design & Layout Artist: Jannibal A. Lojerro & Rey L. Miguel

Printed in the Philippines by ______________________________

Schools Division of Ilocos Norte
Office Address: Brgy. 7B, Giron Street, Laoag City, Ilocos Norte
Telefax: (077) 771-0960
Telephone No.: (077) 770-5963, (077) 600-2605
E-mail Address: [email protected]
 Senior High School

Understanding
Culture, Society
and Politics
Quarter 1 – Module 2:
Understanding Culture and
Society Using Anthropological
and Sociological Approaches

MELC: Analyze the concept, aspects and changes in/of

culture and society.

Prepared by:

JENNIFER A. GALAM
Teacher I
Florentino Camaquin Integrated School
Introductory Message
This Contextualized Learning Module (CLM) is prepared so that you, our dear
learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions,
directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each
lesson with ease.

This CLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

A pre-test is provided to measure your prior knowledge on the lesson. This

will show you if you need to proceed in completing this module or if you need to ask
your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson.
At the end of this module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your
learning. Answer keys are provided for all activities and tests. We trust that you will
be honest in using them.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this CLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests.
Likewise, read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any question in using this CLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.
 What I Need to Know

Society and culture are intricately linked. Culture shifts as society does both
after and afterward. Given that we now view the world as being extremely complex,
it is crucial to pay attention to how society and culture interact. Considering
industrialization and globalization, these two concepts are crucial to comprehending
human behavior, actions, and social groups. Students are therefore required to
appreciate their responsibilities as unique individuals and significant members of
society, apply what they have learned in school, and transform their newfound
knowledge and ideas into deeds that will aid in the development of the country.

Your previous lesson taught you about the nature, objectives, and political
science, sociology, and anthropology viewpoints. Anthropology deals with the study
of human culture particularly the components, characteristics, functions, modes,
and adaptation of culture, as well as cultural values and practices (Ariola, 2012).

Sociology deals with the study of society and social interactions taking place
therein (Arcinas, 2016). Political is a study and research about human activity that
deals, to a certain extent, with power, conflict, and decision making (Francisco and
Francisco, 2015).

This lesson will provide you with information and various activities that will
help you understand the concepts, aspects and changes in/of culture and society.

The module is divided into two lessons, namely:

Lesson 1 – The Concept of Society

Lesson 2 – The Concept of Culture

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. explain the concept of society and culture in anthropological and sociological

perspective;
2. describe some major characteristics of society and culture;
3. differentiate between the various meanings of culture within society; and
4. appreciate the significance of culture in the society.

1 SDOIN_Core_Q1_UCSP_Module2
 What I Know

Directions. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. What is culture?
A. It is a type of food.
B. It is a political affiliation.
C. It is a specific type of clothing.
D. It a set of beliefs, customs, and traditions of a group of people.

2. What is culture primarily concerned with?

A. Genetics
B. Economic status
C. Language proficiency
D. Shared beliefs and values

3. What does it mean when we say that culture is holistic?

A. It is integrated.
B. It is a patterned social interaction.
C. It is shared and maybe challenged.
D. It is adaptive, dynamic, and flexible.

4. Which of the following is a key characteristic of culture?

A. Political affiliation
B. Genetic uniformity
C. Inheritance of traits
D. Shared language and symbols

5. What do you call the group of people who share a common environment, way of
life, and culture?
A. Economics
B. History
C. Society
D. Sociology

6. Which of the following does a culture serves for?

A. Social isolation
B. Physical strength
C. Economic competition
D. Identity and belonging

2 SDOIN_Core_Q1_UCSP_Module2
7. In the context of culture, what do norms and values primarily refer to?
A. Scientific discoveries
B. Geographical locations
C. Mathematical concepts
D. Shared beliefs and behaviors

8. Which of the following is NOT a function of culture?

A. Communication
B. Problem solving
C. Identity and belonging
D. Shared beliefs and values

9. Which sociological perspective emphasizes the importance of symbols, language,

and shared meanings in society?
A. Functionalism
B. Conflict Theory
C. Symbolic Interactionism
D. None of the above.

10. What is the primary focus of sociology as a discipline?

A. The study of political systems.
B. The study of individual psychological processes.
C. The study of society and human behavior in a social context.
D. None of the above.

11. Which term describes the process through which individuals learn and
internalize the values, beliefs, and norms of the society?
A. Isolation
B. Society
C. Segregation
D. Socialization

12. Which of the following is an example of a primary social institution?

A. Education
B. Government
C. Poverty
D. Social Media

13. What term describes a system where individuals or groups compete for limited
resources?
A. Conflict
B. Conformity
C. Cooperation
D. Unity

3 SDOIN_Core_Q1_UCSP_Module2
14. What is social stratification?
A. A form of social equality.
B. A process of personal development.
C. A process of mixing different social classes.
D. The division of society into groups with unequal access to resources and
power.

15. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of culture?

A. It is shared by members of a group.
B. It is static and unchanging over time.
C. It is learned and acquired by individuals.
D. All of the above.

Lesson
The Concept of Society
1

Society is a complex and organized group of individuals who share common

interests, values, and norms, and interact with one another within a specific
geographical area or social framework. It is a fundamental aspect of human
existence, and it plays a crucial role in shaping individual behavior, providing social
structure, and facilitating cooperation among its members.

What’s In

Activity 1. Table for your Thoughts!

Directions. Write 5 words that come into your mind whenever you hear the word
“society”.

1.
2.
SOCIETY 3.
4.
5.

4 SDOIN_Core_Q1_UCSP_Module2
 What is New

Society is a fundamental concept that describes the intricate web of human

relationships and interactions within a community or group of people. It
encompasses the various ways individuals come together, cooperate, and organize
themselves to meet their collective needs and aspirations. In essence, society is the
framework that underpins our shared existence, shaping our values, norms, roles,
and institutions. It provides the context within which individuals develop a sense of
identity, belonging, and purpose, and it plays a pivotal role in influencing our
behaviors, beliefs, and the way we navigate the world around us. Understanding
society is essential for comprehending the complexities of human existence and the
dynamics that drive our communities and civilizations forward.

What is It

The Concept of Society

Meaning and Nature of Society

Sociologists define a society as a group of people who share a common

environment, way of life, and culture. A society is a group of individuals that live in
the same area and adhere to the same culture, according to Arcinas (2016) in his
book Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics. It is a community of individuals
who share a common region, have a sense of belonging, depend on one another, and
lead lifestyles. The word "societas"—which comes from the Latin word socius, which
means colleague or companion—is the root of the word "society." As a result, it
alludes to those who are collectively viewed as making up a community of connected,
dependent persons who live in a specific location and adhere to a particular way of
life (Ariola, 2012).

5 SDOIN_Core_Q1_UCSP_Module2
 There are two different definitions of society: the functional definition and the
definition of structure. According to its functional definition, society is a complex of
groups engaged in mutually beneficial interactions, allowing human beings to go
about their daily lives and assisting everyone in achieving their goals in collaboration
with others. From a structural perspective, society is the entire social inheritance of
customs, traditions, and institutions as well as customs, attitudes, and values. The
system of ties and the pattern of interactional rules that society's members use to
preserve themselves are crucial components of society.

Characteristics of Society

Society comprises a group of people who share a common culture, live in a

particular area, and feel themselves to constitute a unified and distinct entity. A
group of individuals who are connected to one another by relationships that endure
over time, such as kinship, marriage, social status, roles, and networks. By
extension, society refers to the populace of a place or nation, occasionally even the
entire world.

A society is a complex and organized group of individuals who share a common

geographic location and interact with one another. Societies exhibit various
characteristics that define their nature and functioning.

Here are some key characteristics of a society:

1. Social Interaction: Society is characterized by social interactions among its

members. These interactions involve communication, cooperation, and the
exchange of ideas, goods, and services.

2. Social Structure: Societies have a structured organization that organizes

individuals into various groups, roles, and statuses. This structure includes
families, communities, organizations, and institutions, each with its own
functions and responsibilities.

3. Norms and Values: Norms are shared rules and expectations that guide behavior
within a society. Values represent the collective beliefs and principles that underlie
these norms. They define what is considered acceptable or unacceptable conduct
within a particular culture.

4. Institutions: Societies develop institutions to fulfill essential functions and

maintain order. These institutions include family, education, religion, government,
and the economy, and they provide the framework for organizing various aspects
of life.

6 SDOIN_Core_Q1_UCSP_Module2
5. Culture: Culture is an integral part of society and encompasses the shared beliefs,
customs, traditions, language, art, and knowledge that are transmitted from one
generation to the next. It reflects the identity and heritage of a particular group
and shapes the way people perceive and interpret the world around them.

6. Social Change: Societies are not static; they evolve and change over time. Social
change can result from various factors, such as technological advancements,
economic shifts, cultural evolution, or political movements. Adaptation to change
is an inherent characteristic of societies.

7. Social Solidarity: Societies often exhibit forms of social solidarity, which can be
either mechanical (based on similarity and shared values in traditional societies)
or organic (based on interdependence and specialization in modern societies), as
described by sociologist Émile Durkheim.

8. Conflict and Cooperation: Within society, there is a constant interplay between

conflict and cooperation. While conflicts may arise due to differences in interests
or values, cooperation is essential for the functioning and stability of society.
Managing conflicts and finding common ground are integral aspects of societal
dynamics.

9. Socialization: Individuals in society go through a process of socialization, where

they learn the norms, values, and behaviors of their culture. This process begins
in childhood and continues throughout one's life, shaping their identity and social
roles.

10. Diversity: Societies are often characterized by diversity in terms of race, ethnicity,
religion, gender, age, and other factors. This diversity can enrich the cultural
fabric of society but may also lead to challenges related to discrimination,
inequality, and inclusion.

These characteristics collectively define the nature of society and shape

human behavior, relationships, and the overall social fabric of a community or
nation.

Origin of Society

Culture and society are complexly related. As society changes, culture follows
and vice versa. Today, we consider the world very complicated, hence it is very
important to pay attention to the interplay of society and culture. These two are
fundamentals in understanding human behavior, conduct and activities and social
groups against the backdrop of globalization and industrialization. Therefore,
students as individuals and vital members of the society are expected to value their

7 SDOIN_Core_Q1_UCSP_Module2
roles in the society, apply the knowledge they learned from school, and translate the
gained knowledge/ideas into actions beneficial to nation building.

Classical Theories on the Origin of Society

1. The Structural – Functional

The structural – functional school of thought looks at social “order.” It argues
that society is made possible by cooperation and interdependence. This view sees
society as a system with parts, and these parts have their respective functions to
perform. The health and condition of the entire system is dependent on these two
processes of functions and interdependence. This basic allusion to parts, functions,
and interdependence reflects the succeeding theoretical principles in almost all areas
of sociological investigations – from social stratification, to deviance, to institutions,
to socialization.

2. The Conflict Theory

This Marxist – inspired perspective on the question of society looks at the other
side of the issue. Instead of putting importance to social order, the conflict
perspective sees society as an arena. Social actors are gladiators fighting for their
very lives. The winner takes the rewards and is assured of freedom. Resources and
their scarcity make up the bone of contention in every conflict situation. However,
the conflict approach does not take the usual assumptions about the nature and
ethos of conflict. Rather than emphasizing competition, which is very clear in the
metaphor of “arena” and “gladiators,” this view sees conflict as something positive
and advantageous. For the proponents of this view, conflict makes change and
dynamism – features of society that have not been clearly conceived by the structural
functional theory – possible. Conflict brings about a new set of relations and
interactions, which produces new dynamisms in society. So to answer the question
“What makes society possible?” the conflict theory invokes social processes rather
than functions and interdependence.

3. Symbolic Interactionism
Unlike the previous two theories, symbolic interactionism does not deal with
either order or conflict. Instead, it explores the issues of meaning – making and why
is this crucial in understanding order or conflict as processes that brought about
society. Humans as social beings have the capacity to generate meaning from their
surroundings, be it social or otherwise. Meaning is important because it is the basis
of actions towards or against specific elements of the environment. Meaning cannot
be derived easily as it is lodged on and ascribed to symbols – anything that can stand
as a representation of something. Symbols, like meaning, are interpreted
intersubjectively by social actors. The constellations of meaning assigned to an
object, event, or person become the basis of social interactions, and they are
constitutive of events and social phenomena.

8 SDOIN_Core_Q1_UCSP_Module2
Major Functions of Society

A society is important because they have the following functions:

1. It provides a system of socialization. Knowledge and skills, dominant patterns

of behavior, moral and social values, and aspects of personality are transmitted to
each member, especially to the young. the family, the peer group, the school, the
church and other government, and non- government organizations play a role in
the individual’s development.

2. It provides the basic needs of its members. Food, clothing, shelter, medicine,
education, transportation, and communication facilities, among others must be
provided by society to satisfy the basic needs of its members.

3. It regulates and controls people’s behavior. Conformity to the prevailing norms

of conduct ensures social control. The police, armed forces, law enforcement
agencies and even the church and other government and non-government
organizations exist as means of social control. Peace and order are created through
a system of norms and formal organizations.

4. It provides the means of social participation. Through social participation, the

individuals in a society learn to interact with each other, present and discuss their
concerns and solve their own problems or renew their commitment and values.
the people are given the opportunities to contribute to their knowledge and skills
for the betterment of their family, neighborhood, and community. religious
organizations, civic organizations, people’s organizations (PO) and non-
government organizations (NGOs) do their part in community development.

5. It provides mutual support to the members. Mutual support is provided to the

members of society in the form of relief in any form and solution to problems met
by them. This form of assistance may come from the family, neighbors, clans,
government and non-government agencies, civic and religious organizations.

Dissolution of Society

There are several ways by which a society is dissolved: (1) when the people kill
each other through civil revolution; (2) when an outside force exterminates the
members of the society; (3) when the members become apathetic among themselves
or have no more sense of belongingness; (4) when a small society is absorbed by a
stronger and larger society by means of conquest or territorial absorption; (5) when
an existing society is submerged in water killing all the people and other living things
in it; or when the people living in such a society voluntarily attach themselves to
another existing society.

9 SDOIN_Core_Q1_UCSP_Module2
 What’s More

TRUE or FALSE
Directions. Read each statement carefully. Write TRUE if the statement is true and
write FALSE if the statement is false. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Sociologists define a society as a group of people who share a common

environment, way of life, and culture.
2. Societies are static; they do not evolve and change over time.
3. Societies are often characterized by uniformity in terms of race, ethnicity,
religion, gender, age, and other factors.
4. Norms are shared rules and expectations that guide behavior within a society.
5. Culture and society are complexly related.

Lesson
The Concept of Culture
2

Culture refers to the shared beliefs, values, customs, behaviors, symbols, and
practices that characterize a group of people or a society. It is a fundamental aspect
of human existence and plays a central role in shaping individuals' identities,
influencing their behaviors, and organizing societies.

What’s In

Table for your Thoughts!

Directions. Write 5 words that come into your mind whenever you hear the word
“culture”.

1.
2.
CULTURE 3.
4.
5.

10 SDOIN_Core_Q1_UCSP_Module2
 What is New

Culture is a lens through which individuals view and interpret the world,
influencing their perceptions, interactions, and daily choices. It encompasses
everything from language, art, and religion to cuisine, clothing, and social norms.
Understanding culture is crucial for appreciating the diversity of human societies
and for fostering cross-cultural understanding and cooperation in our
interconnected globalized world.

What is It
The Concept of Culture

Meaning and Nature of Culture

Culture is a complex and multifaceted concept that encompasses the beliefs,

values, customs, behaviors, symbols, and practices shared by a group of people. It
is a fundamental aspect of human life and plays a crucial role in shaping our
identities, guiding our behaviors, and organizing our societies.

Here's a deeper exploration of the meaning and nature of culture:

1. Shared Beliefs and Values: Culture encompasses the shared beliefs and values
that underlie how a group of people perceives and interprets the world. These
beliefs and values influence individuals' thoughts, attitudes, and decision-making
processes. For example, cultural beliefs may dictate notions of right and wrong,
define what is considered sacred or profane, or determine societal norms.

2. Customs and Traditions: Culture includes the customs, rituals, and traditions
that are passed down through generations. These practices can encompass
everything from religious ceremonies and rites of passage to everyday behaviors
like greetings, clothing choices, and eating habits.

3. Language and Communication: Language is a central element of culture. It is

through language that people communicate, express ideas, and convey their
cultural heritage. Language not only helps individuals within a culture

11 SDOIN_Core_Q1_UCSP_Module2
 understand one another but also plays a significant role in shaping the cultural
worldview.

4. Symbols and Artifacts: Cultures often use symbols, symbols, and artifacts to
represent their beliefs and values. These can include flags, religious icons,
artwork, and other tangible items that hold cultural significance. Symbols serve
as powerful representations of cultural identity.

5. Norms and Social Practices: Culture establishes norms and social practices that
govern behavior within a society. Norms dictate what is considered acceptable or
unacceptable behavior, helping to maintain social order and cohesion.

6. Adaptation and Change: Culture is not static; it evolves over time in response to
changing circumstances, contact with other cultures, and technological
advancements. While certain core elements may persist, cultures adapt and
innovate to meet new challenges.

7. Group Identity: Culture often plays a central role in defining group identity and
fostering a sense of belonging. It can create a sense of shared purpose and
solidarity among members of a particular cultural group.

8. Cultural Diversity: The world is rich in cultural diversity, with countless cultures
existing across different regions, ethnicities, and communities. This diversity
reflects the unique histories, experiences, and worldviews of various groups.

9. Cultural Relativism: Cultural relativism is the idea that cultural practices and
beliefs should be understood and evaluated within their cultural context, rather
than judged according to the standards of one's own culture. This perspective
encourages a more open-minded and empathetic approach to understanding
cultural differences.

In summary, culture is a multifaceted concept encompassing beliefs, values,

customs, language, symbols, and social practices that shape the way individuals and
groups perceive and interact with the world. It is both a product of human creativity
and a powerful force that influences human behavior and society. Cultures are
dynamic, evolving over time, and contributing to the richness of human diversity.

Characteristics of Culture

Culture is a complex and multifaceted concept that encompasses a wide range

of characteristics. These characteristics collectively define the nature and essence of
a culture.

12 SDOIN_Core_Q1_UCSP_Module2
 Here are some key characteristics of culture:

1. Shared Beliefs and Values: Culture is defined by a set of shared beliefs, values,
and ideals that guide the thinking and behavior of its members. These beliefs
shape how individuals perceive the world and make moral judgments.

2. Learned and Acquired: Culture is not innate; it is learned and acquired through
socialization and education. Individuals within a culture pass on their cultural
knowledge to the next generation through various means, such as language,
storytelling, and formal education.

3. Symbolic and Representational: Culture often employs symbols, rituals, and

representations to convey its meanings and values. These symbols can include
flags, religious icons, art, and other tangible or abstract representations of cultural
identity.

4. Norms and Rules: Cultures establish norms and rules that define appropriate
and inappropriate behavior within the group. These norms help maintain social
order and cohesion by providing guidelines for interaction.

5. Language and Communication: Language is a central aspect of culture. It serves

as the primary means of communication within a cultural group and carries the
collective knowledge, stories, and identity of that culture.

6. Cultural Relativism: Cultural relativism is the idea that cultural practices and
beliefs should be understood and evaluated within their cultural context, rather
than being judged by the standards of another culture. This perspective recognizes
the diversity of human cultures and the need for empathy in cross-cultural
understanding.

7. Adaptive and Dynamic: Culture is not static; it is adaptive and dynamic. It

evolves over time in response to changing circumstances, contact with other
cultures, and technological advancements. Cultural adaptation is essential for the
survival and growth of societies.

8. Cultural Diversity: The world is characterized by a rich tapestry of cultural

diversity, with countless cultures existing across different regions, ethnicities, and
communities. Each culture reflects unique histories, experiences, and worldviews.

9. Influence on Behavior: Culture significantly influences individual and group

behavior. It shapes attitudes, beliefs, decision-making processes, and social
interactions. Cultural norms and values often guide how people respond to various
situations.

13 SDOIN_Core_Q1_UCSP_Module2
10. Group Identity: Culture fosters a sense of belonging and group identity among
its members. It provides individuals with a framework for understanding their
place in the world and their connection to their cultural community.

11. Expression of Creativity: Culture is a creative expression of human beings. It

encompasses art, music, literature, cuisine, and other forms of creative expression
that reflect the cultural identity and values of a group.

12. Cultural Transmission: Culture is transmitted from one generation to the next
through various means, including oral traditions, written records, and formal
education. This transmission ensures the continuity of cultural knowledge and
practices.

These characteristics collectively define the nature of culture and its profound
influence on human societies. They highlight the richness and complexity of the
cultural tapestry that shapes our world.

Functions of Culture

Culture serves several important functions within societies and among human
communities. These functions are often interrelated and play a crucial role in
shaping the behavior, values, and identity of individuals and groups.

Here are the key functions of culture:

1. Identity and Belonging: Culture provides individuals with a sense of identity

and belonging. It helps people understand who they are, where they come from,
and how they relate to others within their cultural group. Cultural identity can
be a source of pride and connection.

2. Social Integration: Culture fosters social integration by providing a common set

of beliefs, values, and norms that guide individuals' behavior. It helps maintain
social order and cohesion by providing a shared framework for interaction.

3. Communication: Language and symbols are central to culture and serve as

means of communication. A shared language allows individuals within a culture
to convey thoughts, emotions, and ideas effectively. It enables the transmission
of cultural knowledge and heritage.

4. Socialization: Culture plays a crucial role in the socialization of individuals.

Through cultural norms and practices, people learn how to behave, interact with
others, and navigate social situations. It shapes individuals from a young age,
helping them become functioning members of society.

14 SDOIN_Core_Q1_UCSP_Module2
5. Problem Solving: Culture provides individuals with a set of problem-solving
tools and strategies. Cultural practices and traditions often contain solutions to
common challenges, whether they are related to agriculture, health, or
interpersonal relationships.

6. Values and Morality: Culture establishes a framework for moral and ethical
behavior. It defines what is considered right or wrong within a society and helps
individuals make moral judgments. Cultural values guide decision-making and
influence personal ethics.

7. Innovation and Creativity: Culture encourages innovation and creativity by

providing a foundation for artistic expression, literature, music, and other
creative endeavors. Cultural diversity fosters a rich tapestry of artistic and
intellectual achievements.

8. Adaptation to Environment: Culture allows human communities to adapt to

their environment and changing conditions. It includes knowledge about local
ecosystems, sustainable practices, and ways to harness natural resources.

9. Conflict Resolution: Cultural norms often provide mechanisms for conflict

resolution and dispute settlement. They offer guidelines for resolving conflicts
within a community and maintaining social harmony.

10. Cultural Diversity and Global Understanding: Understanding and

appreciating different cultures promotes tolerance, diversity, and global
cooperation. Cultures contribute to a broader tapestry of human experiences and
encourage cross-cultural empathy.

11. Economic Activity: Culture influences economic activities such as trade,

commerce, and entrepreneurship. It shapes consumer preferences, business
practices, and economic systems within societies.

12. Political Organization: Culture can influence political systems, governance

structures, and the distribution of power within a society. Cultural values may
play a role in shaping political ideologies and decision-making processes.

13. Heritage Preservation: Culture helps preserve a society's heritage and

traditions, passing them down through generations. Cultural preservation efforts
can safeguard important aspects of a community's history and identity.

14. Entertainment and Leisure: Culture provides forms of entertainment and

leisure activities, including sports, games, festivals, and cultural events that
contribute to the quality of life and social cohesion.

15 SDOIN_Core_Q1_UCSP_Module2
 What’s More

TRUE or FALSE
Directions. Read each statement carefully. Write TRUE if the statement is true and
write FALSE if the statement is false. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Culture provides individuals with a sense of identity and belonging.

2. Cultural norms do not provide mechanisms for conflict resolution and dispute
settlement.
3. Culture doesn’t establish a framework for moral and ethical behavior.
4. Culture allows human communities to adapt to their environment and changing
conditions.
5. Culture fosters social integration by providing common set of beliefs, values, and
norms that guide individuals' behavior.

What I have Learned

Directions. Answer the following questions in your activity notebook.

1. Why do we need to understand the ideas about culture?

2. Why is culture important in our society?

What I Can Do

All About Society and Culture!

Directions: Answer the following questions briefly but substantially. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper. Your answers will be scored based on the
rubrics below.

1. How are society and culture interlinked with one another?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

16 SDOIN_Core_Q1_UCSP_Module2
 ___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________.

2. Explain the importance of culture in our society.

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________.

3. How does our culture play a role in our functions in the society?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________.

RUBRIC
3 2 1 0
Exceeded Satisfactorily Came close Did not meet
Criteria expectations met all to the
expectations meeting the expectations
expectations
Details and content

Reflect personal
thoughts/knowledge
Mechanics/Grammar

Conclusion

Assessment

Directions. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following does a culture serves for?

A. Social isolation
B. Physical strength
C. Economic competition
D. Identity and belonging

17 SDOIN_Core_Q1_UCSP_Module2
2. In the context of culture, what do norms and values primarily refer to?
A. Scientific discoveries
B. Geographical locations
C. Mathematical concepts
D. Shared beliefs and behaviors

3. Which of the following is NOT a function of culture?

A. Communication
B. Problem solving
C. Identity and belonging
D. Shared beliefs and values

4. Which sociological perspective emphasizes the importance of symbols, language,

and shared meanings in society?
A. Functionalism
B. Conflict Theory
C. Symbolic Interactionism
D. None of the above.

5. What is the primary focus of sociology as a discipline?

A. The study of political systems.
B. The study of individual psychological processes.
C. The study of society and human behavior in a social context.
D. None of the above.

6. Which term describes the process through which individuals learn and
internalize the values, beliefs, and norms of the society?
A. Isolation
B. Society
C. Segregation
D. Socialization

7. Which of the following is an example of a primary social institution?

A. Education
B. Government
C. Poverty
D. Social Media

8. What term describes a system where individuals or groups compete for limited
resources?
A. Conflict
B. Conformity
C. Cooperation
D. Unity

18 SDOIN_Core_Q1_UCSP_Module2
9. What is social stratification?
A. A form of social equality.
B. A process of personal development.
C. A process of mixing different social classes.
D. The division of society into groups with unequal access to resources and
power.

10. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of culture?

A. It is shared by members of a group.
B. It is static and unchanging over time.
C. It is learned and acquired by individuals.
D. All of the above.

11. What is culture?

A. It is a type of food.
B. It is a political affiliation.
C. It is a specific type of clothing.
D. It a set of beliefs, customs, and traditions of a group of people.

12. What is culture primarily concerned with?

A. Genetics
B. Economic status
C. Language proficiency
D. Shared beliefs and values

13. What does it mean when we say that culture is holistic?

A. It is integrated.
B. It is a patterned social interaction.
C. It is shared and maybe challenged.
D. It is adaptive, dynamic, and flexible.

14. Which of the following is a key characteristic of culture?

A. Political affiliation
B. Genetic uniformity
C. Inheritance of traits
D. Shared language and symbols

15. What do you call the group of people who share a common environment, way of
life, and culture?
A. Economics
B. History
C. Society
D. Sociology

19 SDOIN_Core_Q1_UCSP_Module2
 Additional Activities

Directions. Complete the graphic organizers below by providing what is asked in

each item. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

A. Your own definition of society and culture.

B. Importance of your own society and culture.

RUBRIC
3 2 1 0
Exceeded Satisfactorily Came close Did not meet
Criteria expectations met all to the
expectations meeting the expectations
expectations
Details and content

Reflect personal
thoughts/knowledge
Mechanics/Grammar

Conclusion

20 SDOIN_Core_Q1_UCSP_Module2
SDOIN_Core_Q1_UCSP_Module2 21
What I Know What’s In Assessment
1. D *Answer may vary 1. D
2. D 2. D
3. D What’s New 3. D
4. D *Answer may vary 4. D
5. C 5. C
6. D What’s More 6. D
7. D 1. TRUE 7. A
8. D 2. FALSE 8. A
9. C 3. FALSE 9. D
10. C 4. TRUE 10. B
11. D 11. D
5. TRUE
12. A 12. D
13. A 13. D
14. D What I have Learned 14. D
15. B *Answer may vary 15. C
What’s In What I Can Do Additional Activities
*Answer may vary *Answer may vary *Answer may vary
What’s New
*Answer may vary
What’s More
1. TRUE
2. FALSE
3. FALSE
4. TRUE
5. TRUE
Answer Key
References
Contreras, Antonio, et al. 2018. Understanding Culture, Society and Politics.
Quezon Ave., Quezon City. Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.

Arcinas, Myla M. 2016. Understanding Culture, Society and Politics. The Padayon
Series. Quezon City, Philippines: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.

Ariola, Mariano M. 2012. Sociology and Anthropology with Family Planning. Manila,
Philippines: Purely Books Trading and Publishing Corp.

Lazuna, Gerry M. and Raymundo, Sarah S. 2016. Understanding Culture, Society

and Politics. 1st Edition. 856, Nicanor Reyes Sr. St. Sampaloc, Manila. Rex
Book Store, Inc. (RSBI)

22 SDOIN_Core_Q1_UCSP_Module2
 For inquiries and feedback, please write or call:

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Office Address : Brgy. 7B, Giron Street, Laoag City, Ilocos Norte
Telefax : (077) 771-0960
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