th

Class 10
Social Science
History|The Making of Global World
Crafted with love
By Digraj Singh Rajput
 History|The Making of Global World

The Pre - Modern world

Modern V/S Global

The making of the global world has a long history – of trade, of migration, of people in search of
work, the movement of capital, and much else.

From ancient times Travellers, traders, priests, and pilgrims travelled Why
Inter
connection
● For knowledge, opportunity and spiritual fulfilment, or to escape persecution.
● They carried goods, money, values, skills, ideas, inventions, and even germs and diseases.
 History|The Making of Global World
Silk Routes link the world

Silk Routes Good example of vibrant pre-modern trade and cultural links between distant parts of the world.

● Historians have identified several silk routes, over land and by sea, knitting together vast regions of Asia, and
linking Asia with Europe and northern Africa.
● They are known to have existed since before the Christian Era and thrived almost till the fifteenth century
● Chinese pottery also travelled the same route, as did textiles and spices from India and Southeast Asia.
● In return, precious metals - gold and silver-flowed from Europe to Asia.

Trade and cultural exchange always went hand in hand.

● Christian missionaries and Muslim preachers almost certainly travelled this route to Asia.
● Buddhism emerged from eastern India and spread in several directions through intersecting points on the silk routes.
 MuST Know Question History|The Making of Global World

Which one of the following religions emerged from eastern India and spread in several directions through
intersecting points on the silk routes' ?

CBSE Board Paper 2024 - Set [32/4/1]

a. Hinduism

b. Christianity

c. Buddhism

d. Jainism
 History|The Making of Global World
Food Travels: Spaghetti and potato

Traders and travellers introduced new crops to the lands they travelled
Noodles Spaghetti Pasta
Arab traders took pasta to fifth-century
China To West
Sicily, an island now in Italy.
Possibilities of long-distance cultural contact even in the pre-modern world.

Christopher Columbus Accidentally discovered Americas

Many of our common foods such as potatoes, soya, groundnuts, maize, tomatoes, chillies, sweet potatoes, and
so on were not known.to our ancestors until about five centuries ago.

The new crops could make the difference between life and death Irish Potato famine
 History|The Making of Global World

Conquest, Disease and Trade

European sailors found a sea route to Asia and also

Pre modern world shrank
successfully crossed the western ocean to America.

Trade
Conquest Disease

● China and India (richest countries)

Europeans reaching Spanish conquerors and their
America and India victory over Americans
● China restricted overseas trade, shifting
(Exploitation) through smallpox.
of the centre of world trade westwards.

Poverty and hunger in Europe, diseases and religious conflicts → People fled from Europe
 History|The Making of Global World
How disease helped the Europeans to conquest America?

America's original inhabitants had no immunity

America’s long isolation
against these diseases that came from Europe.

Smallpox in particular proved & deadly killer. Change in economic powers in making of Global World

● It spread deep into the continent, ahead even ● Until well into the eighteenth century, China and India
of any Europeans reaching there. were among the world's richest countries.
● It killed and decimated whole communities, ● They were also pre-eminent in Asian trade.
paving the way for conquest.
● However, from the fifteenth century, China is said to have
restricted overseas contacts and retreated into isolation.
● China's reduced role and the rising importance of the
Americas gradually moved the centre of world trade
westwards.
● Europe now emerged as the centre of world trade.
 MuST Know Question History|The Making of Global World

Why did Europeans flee to America in 19th century? Identify the correct reason from the following options:

CBSE Board Paper 2023 - Set [32/6/1]

a. Poverty and diseases

b. Due to gold rush

c. To escape from the French Revolution

d. As an aftermath of the Vietnam War

 Key Words History|The Making of Global World

Pre Modern World : Pre-modern world refers to the

world existed before the today’s global world. This refers EL Dorado : El Dorado was the fabled city of South
to the making of a global world which was connected America. In 17th century Europe legends spread about
through trade migration, movement of goods and capital South America's fabled wealth, so many expeditions set
but not on the scale what it is in the today’s era of off in search of El Dorado.
globalisation.

Dissenters: Dissenters are the people who refuse to accept

Silk Route : The route taken by traders to carry silk cargoes established beliefs and practices of church. Due to religions
from China to the West, which affected the cultures of conflicts, these dissenters were punished, and they flee to
China, Central Asia and the West. This was an example of a America from Europe in nineteenth century.
vibrant pre-modern trade route.

Smallpox: Smallpox is a highly contagious and deadly

Christopher Columbus : An Italian explorer and navigator viral disease that causes fever, rashes, and often death. It
who completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean. He was introduced to the Americas by European conquerors,
discovered the American continent, his exploration paved devastating indigenous populations.
the way for colonization of the Americas.
 MuST Know Question History|The Making of Global World

‘Human societies have connected more and more over the course of history.’ justify the
statement in light of the process of globalisation.

Human societies have become more connected over time, which is a part of globalization. This means people,
cultures, economies, and political systems across the world have grown closer through different events:
● Silk Routes Link the World – The Silk Road was a big network of trade routes connecting China, Central
Asia, the Middle East, and Europe. It helped people trade goods like silk, spices, and metals, and also share
ideas, technologies, and religions like Buddhism and Islam.
● Food Travels – Food also spreads across long distances. As traders and travelers moved, they introduced
new foods and crops to different places, like spaghetti and potatoes.
● Conquest, Disease, and Trade – Conquests, trade, and diseases played important roles in history.
Conquests brought different cultures together, trade allowed people to exchange goods and ideas, and
diseases spread, which changed societies and affected the outcomes of events.
 MuST Know Question History|The Making of Global World
Describe the significance of silk routes in the pre-modern period in the field of trade
cultural exchange and religion.

● The silk routes are good examples of pre-modern trade and cultural links between
the distant parts of the world, i.e. linking Asia with Europe and North Africa.
● Along the silk routes, the silk cargoes from China, Indian spices and textiles, gold
and silver from Europe were carried to different parts of the world.
● The Buddhist preachers, Christian missionaries and later on, Muslim preachers
travelled along these routes.
● These routes proved to be a great source of trade and cultural links between distant
parts of the world.
● Thus, it can be concluded that silk routes are a good example of trade and cultural
link between distant parts of the world.
 MuST Know Question History|The Making of Global World

There are many instances of cross-cultural exchange through food before the nineteenth
century. Substantiate with suitable answers.

Cross-cultural exchange through food before the nineteenth century significantly shaped global culture by
introducing new ingredients, cooking techniques, and food traditions.
● Traders and travellers introduced new crops to the lands they travelled.
● Noodles that travelled to west Asia and Europe from China become spaghetti.
● Potatoes, soya, groundnuts, maize, tomatoes, chillies, sweet potatoes were not known until Christopher
Columbus discovered the vast continent of Americas.
● Europe’s poor peoples began to eat better and live longer with the introduction of the humble potato.
● Cross-cultural food exchanges between civilizations, creating the diverse and interconnected global food
landscape we know today.
 MuST Know Question History|The Making of Global World

Explain what do we mean when we say that the pre-modern world 'shrank' in
the 1500s

The world shrank after the discovery of sea routes to Asia and Americas.
● The physical distances between continents reduced metaphorically due to the
now available transportation facilities.
● What seemed like the end of the world could now be visited and viewed hence
making the vague image of how large our world was, more lucid and exact.
● The world was now interconnected. This made it appear accessible and hence
"smaller" in those terms.
 MuST Know Question History|The Making of Global World

Why did Europeans flee to America in the nineteenth century. Explain.

Europeans fled to America in the 19th century because:

(i) Until the 19th century, poverty and hunger were common in Europe.
(ii) Cities were crowded, and deadly diseases were widespread.
(iii) Religious conflicts were common and religious dissenters were persecuted.
(iv) Thousands of people were left unemployed due to agricultural land lying uncultivated.
So, people migrated in thousands, crossed oceans to find employment and a better future
(v) In America, plantations were growing cotton and sugar for the European market. These
plantations were worked on by slaves.
 Previous year questions 2023
CBSE Board Paper 2023 - Set [32/4/1]

How did the 'small pox' prove as the most powerful weapon of the Spanish conquerors in the
mid-sixteenth century? Explain. 2

CBSE Board Paper 2023 - Set [32/5/1]

Why did Europeans flee to America in the 19th century? Explain. 2

 Previous year questions 2024

CBSE Board Paper 2024 - Set [32/3/1] CBSE Board Paper 2024 - Set [32/4/1]

‘Buddhism emerged from eastern India and spread

Choose the correct option to fill in the
in several directions.' 1
Read the following reasons for its spread and blank. 1
choose the correct option. ____________________ from India and
I. Due to Cultural exchange Southeast Asia travelled through 'Silk
II. Due to Silk route Route' to other parts of the world.
III. Due to trade & travellers (A) Gold and silver ornaments
IV. Due to European efforts Options: (B) Clothes and spices
(A) Only I, II and IV are correct. (C) Grain and pulses
(B) Only II, III and IV are correct. (D) Iron and other metals
(C) Only I, II and III are correct.
(D) Only I, III and IV are correct.
 Previous year questions 2024
CBSE Board Paper 2024 - Set [32/1/1]

"The Silk route was a good example of vibrant pre-modern trade and cultural links between
distant parts of the world." Explain the statement with any two examples. 2
CBSE Board Paper 2024 - Set [32/2/1]

How was the 'Silk Route' an example of vibrant pre-modern trade? Explain. 2
CBSE Board Paper 2024 - Set [32/2/1]

How did food promote long-distance cultural contacts in the pre-modern world? Explain. 2
CBSE Board Paper 2024 - Set [32/3/1]

How did Europeans help in the expansion of trade, knowledge and Customs across European
countries during mid-sixteenth century? Explain. 2
CBSE Board Paper 2024 - Set [32/5/1]

Why did people flee Europe for America in the nineteenth century? Explain. 2